USA > Illinois > Cook County > History of Cook County, Illinois : being a general survey of Cook County history, including a condensed history of Chicago and special account of districts outside the city limits : from the earliest settlement to the present time, volume I > Part 1
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1
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
977.31 G62hi v. I
ILLINOIS HISTORY SURVEY LIBRARY
.
HISTORY OF
COOK COUNTY
ILLINOIS -BEING A GENERAL SUR- VEY OF COOK COUNTY HISTORY, INCLUDING A CONDENSED HISTORY OF CHICAGO AND SPECIAL ACCOUNT OF DISTRICTS OUTSIDE THE CITY LIMITS; FROM THE EARLIEST SETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME : :
Mur th EDITORS: WESTON A. GOODSPEED, LL. B. DANIEL D. HEALY A
Of all the things that men can do or make here below, by far the most momentous, wonder- ful and worthy are the things we call books. -Fenelon.
IN TWO VOLUMES ILLUSTRATED
VOLUME I
THE GOODSPEED HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION CHICAGO
1
95%31 GEahi V. I
COPYRIGHT BY GOODSPEED HISTORICAL, ASSOCIATION
1909
HAMMOND PRESS W. B. CONKEY COMPANY CHICAGO
/ 6 7
THE FIRST COURT-HOUSE AND JAIL.
-
20 5 11 frais.
12
HISTORICAL
Ill. Survey 11 Mr11 Engelke 2.75
PREFACE
B EFORE the compilation of this work was commenced the im- possibility of presenting the detailed history of Cook county. in two volumes was apparent to the Editors and Publishers, and hence the design as announced in the Prospectus was only to summarize the most important events. An examination of this work will show that much of the matter here introduced not only pursues an entirely different path of thought and investigation but supplies a wealth of comprehensive and valuable material never be- fore presented on the pages of Cook county history. A perusal of the chapters will prove the truth of this statement. We believe subscrib- ers will appreciate the immense amount of interesting and original matter presented and the critical and comparative method of treat- ment.
The Editors and Publishers in their laborious researches have received from all with whom they have come in contact nothing but courtesy and assistance. Particularly are their grateful ac- knowledgments due the officers and attendants of the Chicago His- torical Society, the Chicago City Library, the Municipal Library, the Library of Congress, the War Department and the various and numerous city and county departments. To Hon. William D. Barge, assistant corporation counsel, and Col. Francis A. Eastman, city statistician, are thanks due for valuable assistance and special favors. After all, the most important, valuable and reliable sources of infor- mation were found in the old newspaper files wisely preserved and guarded in the Chicago Historical Society Library and the Chicago City Library and kindly submitted to our writers and compilers with- out any restrictions.
The Publishers hereby cordially thank their subscribers, without whose material assistance these volumes could not have been pre- pared.
THE PUBLISHERS.
193820
TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I
HISTORY
CHAPTERS
PAGE
FRENCH, SPANISH AND ENGLISH CLAIMS ; EXPLORATION, ETC. 33
THE INDIANS; TREATIES; RESERVATIONS ; INCIDENTS, ETC .. 47 COOK COUNTY BEFORE ITS FORMATION; THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY; HURON COUNTY ; LAND SURVEYS, ETC. 58
EARLY COOK COUNTY AND CHICAGO; SETTLEMENT, COMMERCE, ETC. 81
COOK COUNTY AND CHICAGO 1840-1850; COMMERCE;' MANUFACTURES; Ex- PANSION, TRANSPORTATION, ETC. 147
COOK COUNTY AND CHICAGO 1850-1866; COMMERCE; NEWSPAPER INFLUENCE; 206 LABOR, ETC.
POLITICS OF COOK COUNTY 1823-1866; ELECTIONS; CAMPAIGNS, NEWSPAPERS,
STATISTICS, ETC.
321
RUNAWAY SLAVES AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD. 403
THE WAR WITH MEXICO; COOK COUNTY VOLUNTEERS 421
THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865; RECORD OF COOK COUNTY 425
COOK COUNTY ORGANIZATION ; TOWNSHIPS FORMED; TOWNS AND VILLAGES ORGANIZED, ETC. . 507
EARLY AMUSEMENTS; DEBATES ; THEATRES; MEN'S ASSOCIATIONS; LIBRARIES ;
MUSIC; ART; RACING; BASEBALL; CRICKET; SKATING, ETC. 550
THE INFIRMARY ; WORLD'S FAIR; SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR; LATE BANKING; CHICAGO SEAL; MARQUETTE CLUB; HAMILTON CLUB, ETC. 609
MUNICIPAL, JUVENILE AND OTHER COURTS. 638
EARLY BEEF AND PORK PACKING; RECENT STATISTICS, ETC. 651
BIOGRAPHY ; HOMES; DOMESTIC INFLUENCES; RELIGIOUS TRAINING; SCHOOL FACILITIES, ETC. 673
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCE
PAGE
PAGE
Ambrozaitis, Rev. Casimir 673
Amling, Albert F. .674
Blahnik, Vencel L 687
Angus, John .674
Bolen, John L. 687
Angus, William J.
675
Busch, Alexander
688
Armbruster, Charles Andrew.
. 676
Buss, George J.
689
Atwood, Harry F.
.676
Busse, William .689
Bagdziunas, John I. 677
Bailey, Edward W. 678
Ballinger, John Ralph, M. D. . 678
Barmore, Nathaniel L. 679
Bartley, Charles Earl 679
Castle, Perley D.
693
Bassett, Nelson M. .682
Belinski, Joseph J. .683
Benson, Dr. Emanuel O 684
Bentley, Frank Taggert. .684
Berezniak, Leon A.
685
Bishop, Edward P., Jr
685
Blaha, Joseph C.
686
Busse, John, Jr .. 690
Byrne, Dr. John Henry. 690
Caldwell, Henry P.
.691
Carr, Robert Franklin.
692
Chicago Sash, Door & Blind Mfg.
Co.
709
Childs, Frank Hall. 694
Clark, Will H .. . 695
Clarke, George Washington
695
Cmejla, Ferdinand A
697
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Collins, Dr. Lorin C. .697
Connery, William M. .700
Connery, John T. 700
Keller, Albert W. 762
Kikulski, John 763
Klaus, Vincent J 763
Klicka, Emil 764
Kolacek, William 764
Kolkema, Joseph M. 765
Kopecky, Joseph 766
Kornaszewski, Valdimir C .. 766
Kosinski, Very Rev. John J .767
Kreft, John . .768
Krygowski, Anthony, M. D. 769
Kvitek, Rev. Bartholomew. .772
Kyle, Thomas D 772
Lake, William H. 773
Lakemeyer, Adolph, M. D 773
Lange, Rev. Francis. .774
Latimer, Henry Horace, M. D ... 774 Leigh, Edward Baker 775
Levy, David Rose. 775
Lockwood, Willoughby Starr. 776
Loeffler, William
776
Loebe, Albert C. 778
Loebe, John G .. 779
Longhi, Emilio 780
Lorimer, William .780
Lukoszius, Rev. Norbert I. 781
Luster, Max . .782
Marcinkiewicz, Stanislaus 782
Masterson, Frank Lawrence. 783
Meyer, J. H .. .783
Miers, Daniel Kirkwood. 784
Miller, John S .. 784
Miroslawski, Witold S. .785
Moore, George C.
786
Muensterman, Dietrich 786
McComb, James Julius ,790
791
Haggard, John D. 738
Haldeman, Robert Sheridan 740
Hankermeyer, Henry J 740
Hanreddy, Joseph
741
Hawley, Henry Stephen
742
Heafield, Lincoln S. 742
Healy, Daniel D.
743
Hellmuth, Joseph A. 744
Hibner, Edward J.
744
Higginson, George, Jr 745
Hill, Frederick A
745
Hill, John W 746
Horak, Henry
748
Hotchkiss, Charles W .748
Howland, Thomas S.
749
Hughes, Dr. John Owen. 750
Humiston, Dr. Charles Edward .. 751
Humphrey, Senator John 754
Hurlbut, William Daniels
755
Husak, Joseph 755
Hyink, William 756
Jackson, William John. 757
Jackson, Philip 758
Jagielski, Rev. Francis J.
759
Jones, Dr. Charles E 759
Kaspar, William . 760
Kavanagh, John E .761
Copeland, Dr. William L. 701
Crandall, James A.
702
Crosby, George H.
703
Crossette, Charles H
703
Cunningham, John T.
.704
Curtis, DeWitt H ..
705
Dal, John Wesley, M. D
706
Danisch, Frank P.
.706
Daprato Statuary Company
707
Decker, John E ..
707
Dickinson, Arthur W.
.708
Dierking, Frederick
709
Dierking, William Henry
711
Dillon, William
712
Doctor, Charles
713
Drach, Edmund A ..
714
Duntley, William Obed ..
.715
Du Plessis, Dr. Charles Orpha
718
Dwight, Walter E.
719
Eckhart, Col. B. A.
.720
Euwema, Herman
721
Fahrney, Peter
721
Farwell, Arthur Burrage
723
Fleming, Dr. Geoffrey J 724
Flizikowski, John S
725
Forbes, Daniel
726
Foster, Frederick E.
.726
Frees, Benjamin Marsh. 726
.727
Gash, Abram Dale.
Gauger, John A ..
730
Glaser, Benjamin J.
732
Glowacki, John Bartosz 733
Gould, Frank
733
Gronkowski, Rev. Casimir
.736
Guthier, Lorenz
737
McEnery, John T.
McMaster, William
792
Noelle, Joseph Burton .792
Novak, John L .. 792
Novak, Dr. Frank J 794
Novak, Charles, Sr .794
Nowicki, John M .. 795
O'Brien, Dr. Edward J 795
Obyrtacz. Rev. John .. .796
O'Gara, Thomas Joseph. 796
Oughton, Charles M., M. D .. 797
Papailiou, Gregory A., M. D. .798
Peterson, Ellis C. 798
Peterson, Charles Edward. 799
Philbrick, George Albert. 799
Pierce, Dr. Oscar F 801
Pigall, Dr. Joseph S 802
Plagge, John C .. .802
Plocinski, Andrew J 804
Polak, Joseph F. .804
Poklenkowski, John .805
Pyplatz, Rev. Dr. Michael C. .805
Rehm, Jacob 808
Rhodes, Carey W .809
Ricker, Konrad
810
Rixon, Hans A.
811
PAGE
Fritts, David H.
728
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
PAGE
Roberts, Roscoe L.
811
Swierczek, Rev. Stanislaus, C. R .. 830
Robertson, Albert L. 812
Swift, George B ... .831
Robertson, John 813
Rushkiewicz, Joseph
814
Russo, Andrea
,814
Triner, Joseph .834
Uczciwek, Hipolit 835
Vawter, William Arthur
835
Schmitz, Dr. Henry
817
Wachowski, John George
836
Schroeder, Conrad H.
817
Wachowski, Albert
836
Wachowski, Joseph T. 837
Warner, Thomas R. 838
Webster, Dr. John C. 838
Wells, Willis J. 839
Wengierski, Felix J 840
Wente, Frederick 840
Wheeler, Albert Gallatin 841
White, Carleton 845
Wilkerson, James H. . 846
Wilson, Johnson 847
Witkowski, Leo J., M. D. 847
Zajicek, Frank 848
Zaleski, Boleslaus 851
Zelezny, John V
.852
St. John, Dr. Leonard.
830
Swinscoe, George E .. 831 Szczypta, Rev. John, C. R. 833 Thornton, Dr. Francis E. 833
Salat, Joseph J
815
Seneff, Edward H.
818
Senne, Henry C ..
818
Sharp, William Nye.
819
Sieminowicz, Waldimir J., M. D .. 820
Sojar, Rev. Anton.
820
Stafford, John W
821
Stansfield, James Howard.
821
Stary, John J.
822
Stotz, Dr. Charles F. 822
Stratford, Henry Knox, M. D.
.823
Straus, Simeon
826
Strawn, Silas H.
827
Stromberg, Charles J. 828
Stuve, Henry
828
816
Sandig, Alfred
816
Sayers, Jobe H.
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS
NAMES
PAGE
Anderson, John ..
103
Atwood, Harry A. 175
Ball, L. C .. 373
Billings, C. L. 373
Bosch, Henry
157
Breidt, H. H ..
373
Brown, Taylor E
265
Brown, W. M.
373
Brundage, L. A.
.337
Byford, Dr. W. H
229
Camp Douglas, 1862
445
Carolan, Joseph 355
Caverly, John R. 391
Chambers, Jerome B
67
Chicago, Original Town, 1830.
121
Chindblom, C. R
.355
Clark, A. C ..
.373
Clarke, G. W. 211
Colburn, W. E.
355
Cook County, Map of, 1831. .463
Courthouse and Jail, first.
Frontispiece
Courthouse, second
481
Courthouse, third 481
Courthouse, fourth
499
Courthouse, fifth
517
Courthouse, present
517
Courthouse, ruins of
499
Davies, Will T 337
Decker, J. E. 283
Dennis, J. M ..
.355
Duntley, W. O.
.319
Eastman, Col. F. A.
283
Elias, J. J.
.355
Erickson, Alfred O
391
Etelson, S. A.
373
Fitch, Edward C.
391
Frercks, Henry J.
391
NAMES
PAGE
Gauger, John A. 247
Glackin, E. J .. .373
Grain Shipped, First.
409
Harmon, Dr. E. D 49
Harris, Madison R. 391
Hazard, Paul A .. 103
Hillstrom, O. R.
355
Horse Railways, 1865 427
Jandus, C. R. 373
Jones, W. Clyde.
373
Juul, Niels
.373
Lundberg, Carl
373
Mastroianni, Pasquale
283
Morrison, Clyde A.
391
Nightingale, A. F.
103
Olsen, Peter B.
103
Peters, Charles W .337
Plagge, John C ..
.301
Powell, Isaac N
283
Rainey, E. J.
.373
Rhode, Rev. Paul P.
139
Schmidt, G. K. 355
Schmitt, F. P
.373
Schrojda, W. . .355
Senn, Dr. Nicholas.
.301
Spears, Henry
337
Strassheim, Christopher
.337
Sullivan, J. J.
391
Umbach, W. J.
355
Wamsley, D. H.
.391
Wheeler, Albert G.
193
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS
FRENCH, SPANISH AND ENGLISH CLAIMS
D ATING from the first settlements along the Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico, there arose among the warring, envious and ambitious nations of Europe conflicting claims to the ownership of American soil. Regardless of water courses, river basins or rival claims, the English colonies along the Atlantic claimed an extension of their territorial grants westward on parallels of latitude to the South Sea, as the Pacific ocean was then called. On the contrary, both France and Spain, upon discovering a river and forming a settlement on its lower course, claimed the entire valley of that stream, regardless of rights or claims on the upper courses. Thus the French at the start claimed the whole St. Lawrence valley, which included the Great Lakes and the tract now known as Cook county, Illinois. By the discovery of Columbus in 1492, Spain could claim all of the two Americas. The discovery of North America by Cabot in 1498 gave England a claim to that country. In 1603 France granted to De Chartes a strip from forty to forty-six degrees north latitude and extending west- ward across the continent; this included Cook county. In 1606 an English grant extended across North America between thirty- four and forty five degrees north latitude. The London colony grant was between thirty-four and forty-five degrees north latitude. The Plymouth colony grant by James I., on November 3, 1620, embraced the country from the Atlantic to the South Sea (Pacific ocean) and from the fortieth to the forty-eighth degree of north latitude. On August 10, 1622, the Council of Plymouth granted to Mason and Georges much of what is now Vermont, New Hampshire and a part of Maine. What is now Connecticut was included in the Plymouth colony grant of 1620. The present state of Illinois was claimed as a part of Florida and was so laid down on the old Spanish maps. This claim was con- firmed by Pope Alexander VI, who granted Ferdinand and Isabella in perpetuity all the land they had discovered, or should thereafter discover, west of an imaginary line drawn from north to south Vol. I-3. 33
34
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
one hundred leagues west of the European shores. Thus the west- ward extension of the English colonial grants, as claimed, likewise embraced Cook county. The Atlantic colonists, with a persistence that demands admiration, continued to claim this westward exten- sion until the formation of the Northwest territory. Thus at first the swollen and ephemeral claims of the English, the Spanish and the French to the tract of territory now known as Cook county, Illinois, may be said to have been about equal in points both of unsoundness and uncertainty.
But the French, with greater energy and envy, perfected their claims to the soil here, while the English and the Spanish did not, and therefore France, be it said to the credit of her martyrs, became the first white owner of what is now Illinois and therefore Cook county. But this splendid result was as much due to individual enterprise, the undaunted spirit of adventure and the self-sacrificing proselyting efforts of the Catholic fathers as to the colonizing ambi- tion of the French government. At that date the servile and erratic French people were more the tools and puppets of royalty than the people of any other country except Spain. They yielded a blind and unquestioning obedience to the empty mandates of their but- terfly sovereign, mainly because Church and State were united; and to question the acts of the King was tantamount to an assault, not only on the State, but on religion itself. Thus the idle and indifferent wish of the King, announced by his paramours through the Governor of New France, as Canada was then called, was sufficient to send into the Western wilderness, among savage beasts and little less savage men, such heroic souls as Nicolet, Perrot, Joliet, Marquette, Moreau, Durantaye, Duluth, La Salle, Tonty, Hennepin, Allouez and scores of others, who gladly at the King's behest offered themselves to martyrdom for the glory of France.
It seems that the word Chicagou, or Chicago as it is now written, had a meaning among the Indians and the French explorers and missionaries equivalent to the English words great, strong, mighty, superior, etc., signifying some unusual and notable quality in the object to which it was applied. The term may have included the idea of water, though it is known to have been applied to indi- viduals, to tracts of country and to the wild onion growing through- out Northern Illinois. The pungent odor of the onion-strong and unusual-probably led to this application of the word. The mighty Mississippi, particularly its lower course, was designated Checagou, variously spelled, by the tribes on its banks. At the time the bloody expedition of De Soto reached the Mississippi river in 1539 he found the Chisca (Chickasaw of a later date) nation of Indians, who called the Mississippi the Chucagua and applied the same term to their entire province. In Franquelin's large map of 1684 the Kankakee river is called Chekagou and the Chicago river is called Cheagoumeman. In De Lisle's map of 1718 the present Des Plaines
35
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
is designated Chicagou, and so is a section of Lake Michigan, but his map of 1703 applies that term to the present Chicago river only. D'Anville in his map of 1755 calls the Des Plaines the Chicagou and also a section of Lake Michigan by the same name. In Mitchell's map of 1755 the present Chicago river is named river and port of Chicagou. In Popple's map of 1733 the Chigagou is mentioned, but clearly referred to the St. Joseph, where Fort Miami was located and an Indian village called Chigagou stood. On La Houton's map of 1703 a deep bay south of Chicago is called Chegakou and the Chicago portage is called the same. In Charle- voix's map of 1774 the term Checagou seems to apply to a portion of Lake Michigan. In Senex's map of 1710 the Chicago river is not shown, but the term Checagou is plainly applied to a village of the Mascoutens or Kickapoos, or both, located on the present site of down-town Chicago. Moll's map of 1720 names only the Checagou portage. It is probable that Lake Michigan or its south- ern extremity may have been called Chicagou by the Indians. Hen- nepin in his erratic account of La Salle's expedition in 1782 said in a caption, "An account of the building of a new fort named by us Fort Crevecœur, on the river of the Illinois named by the savages Che-cau-gou." In his map of 1684, Franqulin (probably by mis- take) calls the Ohio river the "River St. Louis or Chucagoa." Thus the St. Louis, whatever stream it may have been, was known as Chucagoa. Coxe in his map of Louisiana calls the Illinois the Chicagou. Samson's map of 1673 styles the Mississippi the Chica- gua. In Margry's map (1679) the Grand Calumet is called Cheka- goue. Father Membre, who accompanied La Salle in 1681-82, says they "went toward the Divine river (Illinois), called by the Indians Checaugou." La Salle says (1681-82) that they arrived at "the division line called Chicagua, from the river of the same name which lies in the country of the Mascoutens." This was the Des Plaines. The head chief of the Illinois was Checaqua, named thus because he was great, mighty, powerful, strong. The name is variously spelled Chikagu, Chekagou, Chicagu, Chicague, Checagou, Checaqua, Chicagou, Checaugou, Chucagoa, Chucagua, Chigogoe, etc. Even as late as the treaty of Greenville, held August 3, 1795, there was manifest confusion as to what had been located on the Chi- cago river and what not. By that treaty the Indians ceded to the United States "one piece of land six miles square at the mouth of the Chicago river, emptying into the southwest end of Lake Michigan where a fort formerly stood." The latter clause very likely refers to the fort that stood on St. Joseph river formerly called Chicagou. It is clear that, owing to the fact that several streams were really called Chicagou by the Indians and therefore by the whites, the distant mapmakers themselves became confused when they at- tempted to locate forts, villages or circumstances thereon. The old Indian name of the Calumet was spelled Killimick or Calamick; the Kankakee was spelled Teatika.
36
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
An important reference to Chicago was made by Governor Rocheblave of Illinois in 1783. . At that time he was fighting to have his claims for losses during the Revolution made good by the British government at Quebec. Hè stated he wanted his claims allowed at once as he had to go from Quebec to "find Madame Rocheblave and the rest of the family at Chikagou." It is known that his family were still at Kaskaskia. Thus the reference was not to the present Chicago. It must have been either to the western country as a whole, or to the Mississippi or Illinois river settlements in par- ticular.
In 1721 an English commission, having explored the Western › country, reported, among other findings, that "from the Lake Huron they pass by the Strait Michillimackinack four leagues, being two in breadth and of great depth, to the Lake Illinoise (Michigan), thence . 150 leagues on the lake to Fort Miamis, situated on the mouth of the river Chicagoe. From thence come those Indians of the same name, viz. : Miamis, who are settled on the aforementioned river (Maumee, formerly Miami) that runs into Lake Erie. Up the river Chicagoe, they sail but three leagues to a passage of one-fourth of a league, then enter a small lake of about a mile and have another very small portage, and again another of two miles to the river Illinois (Kan- kakee), thence down the stream 130 leagues to the Mississippi." This must have been the river referred to in 1699 by St. Cosme when he wrote that on a trip to the Illinois country he found the Miamis at Chicagou, where there was already a mission under Fathers Pinet and Bineteau. Neither at that time nor at any time were the Miamis located permanently on the present Chicago river, but they were on the St. Joseph, then called Chicagou, where there was a mission and a fort. Charlevoix writes: "All having promised to send deputies there, he proceeded to the Western quarters; but turned south and went to Chicagou at the lower end of Lake Michigan, where the Miamis then were." He spoke of it as a place and not as a river. This visit must have been made to the St. Joseph river, called Chi- cagou, where the Miamis were, and not to the present Chicago river. Shea, in a footnote to Charlevoix's account, says that Perrot went no farther than Green Bay, because the Miamis were not then at Chi- cago; but Shea apparently did not know that St. Joseph river was early called Chicagou, and that therefore the Charlevoix account was consistent, Perrot's visit being to the Miamis on St. Joseph river.' Shea seemed to think that because the Miamis were not then at the present Chicago river, Perrot could not have made the visit as nar- rated by Charlevoix. But there are too many particulars mentioned to warrant any doubt that Perrot at this time really visited the Miamis on St. Joseph, and probably was the first white man to look upon the present Cook county. The Miami head chief then was too old to attend the proposed general assembly of the Western tribes, but he empowered the Pottawatomies to represent him and his tribe
1
1
37
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
on that occasion. This assembly was held at Sault St. Mary in May, 1671. Perrot did not visit the Mascouten, Kickapoo or Illinois tribes at this time-why, it is not known.
Joliet and Marquette were probably the first white men actually to traverse the present Chicago river ; this was in July, 1673, on the return trip from their first visit to the Mississippi. The fact is cer- tain, but the route traversed is somewhat doubtful; it may have been the Calumet or Stony creek route. The description fits the Calumet river as well or better than the Chicago river, and one writer, at least, Albert D. Hagar, has argued with much force and plausibility that they must have passed over the former route. However, both routes were within the present limits of Cook county. In Decem- ber, 1674, Marquette again passed over the same route, whether it was by the Calumet or the Chicago river. From the 4th to the 12th of December, he and his companions spent the time at the mouth of the river killing game and getting ready to cross the portage. Deer were abundant. There were eight or nine cabins of the Mascoutens near the mouth of the river. With him, among others, were two Frenchmen named Pierre and Jacques. After starting he stopped at a log cabin nearly five miles from the mouth of Chi- cago or Calumet river. This hut was owned by two traders-Pierre Moreau (La Taupine) and a trader-surgeon, both of whom were temporarily absent, though they returned as soon as they heard of the presence of Father Marquette. The possible location of the cabin has been recently, though perhaps erroneously, marked in the lumber district of Chicago. So far as known, this rude house was the first white human habitation in what is now Cook county. When it was built is unknown. Here Marquette remained the balance of the winter-sick but patient, brave and contented with his lot, though death stared him in the face. Mr. Hagar argues that the cabin stood on the Calumet route, but recently writers and public opinion have placed it on the South Branch of the Chicago river.
Father Claude Allouez, who succeeded Marquette in charge of the Illinois missions, and who came out in 1677, related that upon his arrival he was met at the mouth of the Chicagou river by a large number of Illinois Indians, who conducted him to their villages in the vicinity of the present Utica, Ill. This Chicagou river may have been the St. Joseph, because in a subsequent visit he spoke of Chicagou river and clearly meant the St. Joseph. He returned to Canada, but came out again in 1678 and again in 1680 and 1684, the latter time with Durantaye, who at this time built a fort at the mouth of the Chicagou river. The Chicagou river here referred to must have been the St. Joseph, of Michigan, because there is no evidence that Durantaye or any other person built a fort thus early at the present Chicago, but a fort was built on the St. Joseph about 1784, and Durantaye, the same year, was in command there. At this date Tonty commanded Fort St. Louis at Starved Rock, Ill.
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