USA > Illinois > Cook County > History of Cook County, Illinois : being a general survey of Cook County history, including a condensed history of Chicago and special account of districts outside the city limits : from the earliest settlement to the present time, volume I > Part 50
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The County Commissioners' court held its sessions of 1834 in Fort Dearborn; so also did the Circuit court. Beginning in 1835 the sessions were held in the churches. During 1835 a small brick house was built on the public square and there the County Clerk and the county records were domiciled in October. In June, 1836, when Judge Thomas Ford held Circuit court here, there were on the docket 230 civil and 50 criminal cases, the latter being mostly for contempt. In November, 1835, when the county showed a population of 9,773, it must be recollected that it still had its origi- nal boundaries. In 1836 the poor-house stood on the public square. In 1836 Will county took from Cook the precincts of Hickory Creek, Jackson's Grove, Spring Creek, Kankakee and Old Mound Joliet.
At the election of August 6, 1834, the total vote polled in Cook county was 528. This included Will, Kane, Dupage, Lake, part of McHenry, and the present Cook.
The following were the canal lots donated to Cook county in the spring of 1836:
Lot 4, Block 16. Lot 3, Block 20. Lot 3, Block 39.
Lot 6, Block 16. Lot 5, Block 20. Lot 4, Block 39. Lot 4, Block 17. Lot 8, Block 21. Lot 5, Block 39. Lot 6, Block 17. Lot 4, Block 38. Lot 6, Block 39.
Lot 4, Block 18. Lot 5, Block 38. Lot 7, Block 39.
Lot 6, Block 18. Lot 1, Block 39. Lot 8, Block 39.
Lot 3, Block 19. Lot 2, Block 39. Lot 8, Block 40.
Lot 5, Block 19.
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
The following were for the use of the canal office :
Lot 2, Block 4. Lot 4, Block 4. Lot 6, Block 4.
Lot 3, Block 4. Lot 5, Block 4. Lot 7, Block 4.
Lot 8, Block 30.
In the early settlement of the Western country the Cumberland road was the most important public highway leading to that sec- tion. By 1830 it was completed to Vandalia, Illinois, and from that point to Jefferson City, Missouri, the road had been laid out. In 1830, also, President Jackson signed the bill providing for the sur- vey of a road leading from Detroit to Chicago. In the decade of the thirties the most important roads leading from Chicago were those to Vincennes, Alton and Galena. The Vincennes road was ordered surveyed by act of January 15, 1831. By the fall of 1831 the road from Detroit to Chicago had advanced eighty-six miles. The early trade of Chicago was largely from the Wabash valley. This led to the construction of the Vincennes road. The design was to extend the road from Detroit to Chicago westward to Ga- lena. A memorial of the legislature to congress, both in February, 1833, and December, 1833, had this object in view; at the same time congress was asked to grant land for the completion of the Chicago and Vincennes road.
The act of January 16, 1836, ordered the survey of the road from Chicago in the direction of Peoria; James B. Campbell, of Chicago, was one of the commissioners to view this road. By act of Janu- ary 15, 1836, the road from Meacham's Grove in Cook county, to Galena by the way of Elgin, was ordered surveyed. The act of Janu- ary 20, 1836, provided for the location of a State road from Bloomington to Chicago. Prior to this date a State road from Shelbyville to Chicago to intersect the Chicago & Vincennes road near the Iroquois river was ordered surveyed. In 1837 the Chi- cago and Fox river turnpike road was incorporated. In 1839 the State road from Naperville through Babcock's Grove, Meacham's Grove, Elk Grove and Indian Creek in the direction of Madison, Wis- consin, was ordered surveyed. In February, 1839, the legislature au- thorized George W. Smith to build a toll bridge across the Des Plaines river on the northeast quarter of Section 11, Township 39 north, Range 12 east, and also one on the southeast quarter of Sec- tion 2, same town and range. The act of February, 1841, changed into a State road the public highway, the turnpike extending from Chicago to Sand Ridge in the direction of the Des Plaines river. This road had been built largely by the citizens of Chicago and it was urged at the time that the county commissioners should make the necessary appropriations to keep the same in good condition. In February, 1841, the legislature authorized George Dolton to build a toll bridge across the Calumet river in Cook county on the southwest quarter of Section 34, Township 37, north, Range 14 east, the said Dolton being the owner of the said quarter section.
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515
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
In 1845 the Aurora & Chicago Plank Road company was incorpo- rated. Among the commissioners were Eli S. Prescott, Silas B. Cobb and Alson S. Sherman of Chicago. This road was to be a branch of the Chicago & Rock River plank road. The act of Jan- uary, 1845, incorporated the Chicago & Rock River Plank Road company. Among the incorporators were Walter L. Newberry, Mark Skinner and William H. Brown, of Chicago. The road was to extend from Chicago to Rockford by the way of Elgin and Bel- videre. In March, 1845, the Chicago & Joliet Turnpike company was incorporated. William B. Egan, John Frink, Isaac Cook, Henry G. Hubbard, Joel A. Matteson and J. Young Scammon were commissioners to view and locate this road. The State road from Chicago to Miller's Grove by the way of Elk Grove was located in 1845. Homer Wilmarth, Eben F. Colly and Stephen Pennoyer were the commissioners. In 1847 State roads were re- located from Chicago to Big Rock Creek, from Chicago to Brook's Bridge on the Des Plaines river, also to Elk Grove, to Dundee, to Pleasant Grove near Smith's Tavern, etc. The contract to build the plank road from Chicago to Des Plaines river was let to A. J. Douglas, of Chicago, in January, 1848. In February, 1848, the plank road was projected from the Milwaukee road between Dick- inson's and Roberts on the Sand Ridge, thence to Smith's Tavern on Union Ridge, thence to the Des Plaines river near Brook's Tavern, thence to the house of F. W. Page at Elk Grove. In 1849 the Sycamore & Chicago Plank Road company was incorporated ; also the Chicago & Southwestern Plank Road company. Among the incorporators of the latter were Theodorus Doty, Isaac Cook, Thomas Richmond, Robert Hugunin, James Peck, J. A. McDou- gal, T. S. Morgan, Festus Clark and S. C. Hopkins & Company. This road had already been in operation but it was now proposed to plank it. In 1851 the legislature confirmed the act of the Cook County Board in permitting the Chicago and Southwestern Plank Road company to occupy the public highway from Chicago to the west line of Cook county. In 1853 the Chicago and Calumet Plank Road company was incorporated. In 1853 a state road was or- dered established to run from the Southwestern plank road to Cal- umet. In 1854 the Northwestern Plank Road company was in- corporated by Thomas Richmond, John Gray, Joseph Filkins and others. This road was projected from Chicago to the north line of Cook county by the way of Oak Ridge and Wheeling. The act of February 18, 1859, gave to the board of supervisors of all counties where township organization had been adopted, entire control of all the State roads in their respective counties. In other counties control was vested in the county court. In 1865 a State road was located from Blue Island and Archer road juncture southwest to the Calumet feeder between Palos and Worth towns to Section 24, town of Palos. In 1867 the Illinois and Indiana Turn-
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
pike company was authorized to occupy in part Cottage Grove avenue. The act of 1869 authorized the widening of the South- western plank road (or Ogden avenue), within the city limits.
The American of September 28, 1839, said: "The present debt of the county is estimated at about $20,000. It was officially re- ported on the first of March last at $15,000. The revenue under the new law in connection with a few other sources of receipts will this year amount to about $10,000. The expense of supporting the poor of the county for the last year was $5,000. The paupers who applied for relief were principally from the canal and many from Will county. This expense is increasing rather than dimin- ishing. The criminals confined in the jail for the three months preceding the last term cost $3,000. This is a serious tax. County orders from the increase of the expenses in a ratio greater than of the revenues are becoming worse instead of better-the county is obliged to pay double price for provisions which they procure for the relief of the poor. . In fact county orders have been refused for meat and groceries at fifty cents on the dollar. This discount and embarrassment in obtaining a circulation for the orders on any terms operate very oppressively on the county, and in fact on its creditors who have to take its orders at par. This cannot be avoided for the present except by funding the scrip according to the provisions of an act authorizing the county to effect a loan which passed on the 10th of February, 1839, and which the county commissioners are very anxious to do and have repeatedly applied to individuals of supposed public spirit for that purpose. Under the laws of this State and especially under the manner in which they are in some cases obeyed, the tax of supporting paupers, etc., is very severe upon such a county as Cook-swarms of destitute persons coming in through the canal. Our State, especially our county, should take measures to protect us from this influx of paupers. The statute of this State 'for the relief of the poor' provides that when any non-resident or any other person not coming within the definition of a pauper shall fall sick or die in any county of this State, not having money or property to pay his board, nursing and medical aid, it shall be the duty of the overseers of the proper township, or if there be none, then of the nearest county commissioner of the county, upon complaint being made, to give such assistance to such poor person as they may deem just and necessary. . and embraces in a city like this a large portion of its floating popu- : This provision is very general lation, and the duty of the overseer becomes highly arduous and responsible. The act of February 21, 1839, provides that the County Commissioners' court in each county may establish a poor- house whenever it sees fit, and that justices of the peace in each justice's district, in conjunction with some person to be appointed by the County Commissioners' court, shall be overseer of the poor,
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FIFTH COURTHOUSE. PRESENT COURTHOUSE.
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
and be vested with the entire and exclusive superintendence of the poor in their respective counties, until the County Commissioners' court shall have established a poorhouse, when their authority ceases. Cook county has enough to do to take care of its own poor. The act authorized the commissioners to borrow $10,000 at 8 per cent for not over twenty years. Is it right that she should take care of the paupers along the canal-a State work? We think that the State should erect one or two or more hospitals on the line of the canal for the support of the sick-one perhaps at the end and one at Lockport."
The grand jury of Cook county in October, 1841, after an ex- tended examination of the finances of the county, reported that the same were and had been since the commencement, in a de- ranged condition; that the practice of furnishing fuel for certain county offices to be paid for from the treasury be discontinued; that all allowances from the treasury not explicitly granted by law be stopped; that several ex-county officers were indebted to the county and should be required to pay up at once; that the jury and docket fees be required to be paid differently ; that a law be asked for requiring each county to publish at the end of each Commission- ers' court a paper setting forth all important proceedings; that important changes should be made in the method of issuing county orders for the payment of county officers and others; that the action of the county regarding a poorhouse be approved. The grand jury were John Rogers, N. H. Bolles, Nathaniel Pitkin, Frank C. Rus- sell, Henry Tucker, Charles M. Gray, Robinson Tripp, Benjamin Wilder, E. S. Wadsworth, W. L. Newberry, J. Mark Smith, Fred- erick Bailey, E. A. Mulford, A. D. Taylor, W. B. Egan, A. S. Perry, Albert H. Guild and Henry Hugunin, foreman.
By act of February 16, 1839, the county commissioners of Cook county were authorized to borrow a "sum not exceeding $10,000 at not to exceed eight per cent. interest for not to exceed twenty years, and to issue bond or script therefor, under the seal of the commissioner's court of said county," the sum borrowed to be ex- pended for the benefit of the county. The county revenues were to be pledged to redeem the scrip. The county commissioners, in March, 1841, petitioned Governor Carlin to call an extra session of the Legislature to consider the canal question. The act of Feb- ruary 23, 1843, made it the duty of the county commissioners to provide a good and sufficient safe for the records of the county. The recorder was required to make a complete index of the county records.
The law of 1842 required the county commissioners to make an appropriation in March of each year to keep county roads in repair.
On September 12, 1844, a large mass meeting to consider build- ing a road between Chicago and that city that would be good all the year round, was held at Elgin.
Vol. I-30.
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
INDEBTEDNESS OF COOK COUNTY, OCTOBER 1, 1841.
1. Borrowed of the school fund under the Act of January 31, 1835, for ten years at 10 per cent, payable semi- annually, three-quarters by Cook county and one- quarter by the city of Chicago. $ 3,745.66
Interest due from Cook county to Chicago, about. 1,500.00
Total $ 5,245.66
This loan was for the purpose of erecting a courthouse on Lot 1, Block 39, Original Town, now (1841) occupied by public offices.
2. Borrowed of individuals under the Act of February 16, 1839, and March 1, 1841, for four and five years, at 8 per cent. ... .$10,902.37
Of this loan $700 was for the purpose of building an addition to the county jail and the balance was for paying outstanding orders on the county treasury.
3. Debt to E. Bowen, payable in five years from June 9, 1841, with 8 per cent. 700.00
This debt was for land and improvements purchased for a county poorhouse.
4. Outstanding orders on the county treasury. 15,905.71
5. Outstanding jury certificates 925.40
Total county indebtedness $33,679.14
CREDITS AND PROPERTY OF COOK COUNTY, OCTOBER 1, 1841.
Seventy-three acres in Section 28, Township 40, Range 14. . $ 500.00 Twenty-five acres in Section 2, Township 38, Range 14, and buildings thereon 1,500.00
Lots 1, 2, 3 and 4, Block 39, Original Town, and buildings thereon 8,000.00
Lots 5, 6, 7 and 8, Block 39, Original Town, and buildings thereon .. 4,000.00
Due on county tax list for 1841. 14,161.22
Due from other counties .. 1,401.08
Estimated due from late county officers
1,000.00
Total credits $30,562.30
GEORGE DAVIS, County Clerk.
REVENUE COOK COUNTY FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 1, 1841.
County tax .. $ 9,777.18
Grocery and tavern license.
425.00
Fines and forfeitures 1,384.31
Jury and docket fees 299.78
320.92
Total
$12,207.19 ISAAC COOK, County Treasurer.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF COOK COUNTY, OCTOBER 1, 1841.
DEBTOR. CREDITOR.
Real estate $14,000.00
School fund. $ 5,245.66
Tax list .. 14,161.22
County bonds. 10,902.37
Other counties 1,401.08
E. Bowen 700.00
County officers 1,000.00
County orders 15,905.71
County commissioners 3,143.84
Jury certificates 925.40
Total $33,706.14
Total. $33,706.14
All other sources.
YEAR
Poorhouse and Paupers
Guards, Jail and Change of Venue
Courts, Witnesses, etc.
Elections
Coroner
Conviction Fees, Legal Costs
Stationery Printing Interest |Furniture,
State Roads
Assessors
Public Buildings and Grounds
Tax Expense
Total Expense Each Year
1831 and 1832 )
$
245.00
$ 323.50
$ 50.00
$ 16.50
$
28.00
$ 209.50 .
$ 119.00
$ 21.00
$ 1,012.50
1833
74.00
$ 252.62
238.00
7.00
18.75
114.25
26.50
74.00
805.12
1834
460.00
894.25
348.25
72.00
$
25.00
90.25
$ 2.00
100.00
65.00
2,056.75
1835
894.00
1,266.00
512.25
91.00
42.75
75.00
117.50
830.75
164.00
3,993.25
1836
1,808.00
3,140.07
1,003.75
173.00
420.75
228.25
348.75
7,122.57
1837
3,434.00
207.00
567.00
65.00
71.00
10.00
71.25
2.00
50.00
76.00
4,553.25
1838
2,220.00
1,258.25
1,077.00
230.00
120.50
335.62
135.25
317.00
399.00
$ 43.00
6,135.62
1839
3,991.00
3,394.50
1,272.65
166.00
130.75
740.20
139.50
51.05
527.13
55.25
222.50
10,755.53
1840
3,448.00
4,502.13
1,203.00
202.00
217.00
342.25
217.50
12.00
$ 32.00
1,018.34
164.00
65.00 136.00
463.94
$316.00
12,274.16
1841
4,379.93
1,989.94
1,272.38
142.00
48.75
584.91
685.57
43.00
440.00
551.50
100.00
663.00
10,900.98
$20,953.93 $16,904.76 $7,817.78
$1,198.00
$666.00
$2,533.73 $1,827.32 $110.05
$472.00
$3,979.47
$1,051.25
$387.00
$729.44
$979.00
$59,609.73
..
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
521
Fuel,
etc.
.
522
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
In 1845 the following mail routes were established: Chicago to Monroe, Elk Grove, Wickliffe, Miller's Grove, etc .; Blue Island via Bachelor's Grove and Hadley to Joliet; Chicago via Babcock's Grove to St. Charles and other points; Chicago via Blue Island, Thornton, Crete, Kankakee, etc., to Lafayette. In January, 1845, at a special election J. S. C. Hogan was elected to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of F. C. Sherman, county commissioner.
In February, 1846, a new mail route from Chicago via Blue Island, Thornton, New Strasburg, Crete, Loraine and other points was laid out. In 1846 the tax for county purposes was four mills on the dollar; it was three and a half mills for state purposes and one mill for special purposes. The total county tax amounted to $20,285; total State tax, $17,750, and the total special tax to $5,071.
The act of January 16, 1847, provided that each county commis- sioner in the State should be paid $2.50 for each day's service.
"Under the arrangements for the relief and care of the poor, our county revenue has nearly all been swallowed up. Indeed, it is now feared that the poor expenses since the last report have ex- ceeded the proportion of the revenue accruing for the time. This state of things has alarmed the community and the commissioners have resolved upon discontinuing all out-door relief. It is believed that this out-door system has led to great impositions as it most surely has to an enormous expenditure. All are very anxious to do everything in their power to relieve the poor, and at the same time economize for the county as much as possible."-(Daily Demo- crat, January 5, 1848.)
It should be noted that land which had been entered in 1842 was not taxable until 1848 and the same of all land entered prior to and including 1846. All land entered after February 19, 1847, was taxable from and after the date of entry.
This county alone was a Representative district, its members in the House being Isaac N. Arnold, Francis C. Sherman and Hart L. Stewart. Judd continued to serve as senator until 1848; J. J. Everett, Francis C. Sherman and Mark Skinner were representa- tives. By the Constitution of 1848 Cook and Lake counties were constituted the Twenty-fifth Senatorial district and Cook alone was constituted the Fifty-fourth Representative district. Mr. Judd continued to serve until 1860, when he was sent as envoy extraor- dinary to the court of Berlin. Cook county was represented in the House from 1848 to 1850 by Philip Maxwell and Francis C. Sher- man; from 1850 to 1852 by Philip Maxwell and Thomas Dyer; from 1852 to 1854 by W. B. Egan and Homer Wilmarth. Under the act of February 27, 1854, Cook county was made the Fifth Senatorial district and was divided into two Representative dis- tricts-the Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh. Each of the latter under
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
the new apportionment was entitled to two representatives. Those who served in the lower House from 1854 to 1860 were as fol- lows: Robert H. Foss, Thomas Richmond, M. L. Dunlap, George F. Foster, John H. Dunham, George W. Morris, Isaac N. Arnold, A. F. C. Mueller, Van H. Higgins, Samuel L. Baker, Ebenezer Peck and Casper Butz.
The Constitution of 1848 authorized the General Assembly to provide a general law for township organization and empowered the County Court to assume charge of the change from the former town- ship system to the new organization. Accordingly, by the Act of Feb- ruary, 1849, the General Assembly ordered a general election held throughout the State in November of that year to determine whether or not counties desired to be established under the new township or- ganization. Counties voting in favor of the township system were made subject to the provisions of the Act of April, 1850. At the general election in 1849 and again in 1850 Cook county voted to adopt the new township organization system and proceeded to put the same into execution. During the change county affairs were admin- istered by the County court. The old Cook County court which had managed county affairs since 1831 was succeeded in 1850 by the new Board of Supervisors. The law of 1849 for township organization was found to be defective and was repealed in 1851 and a new law was passed covering the same ground and supplying the defects of the former act.
In 1848 Cook county paid into the State treasury more than any other county in the State-$25,848. At this time the county com- missioners were George O'Brien, Homer Wilmarth and Charles Santer. At this date a new mail route from Lyons via Summit, Flag Creek, Long John, Plainfield, Plattville, thence on to Ottawa, was established.
It was noted in 1848 and 1849 that large numbers of German emigrants direct from the Fatherland were rapidly settling in all parts of Cook county. They were welcomed because of their in- dustry, frugality, honesty and good citizenship generally.
In March, 1848, the number of inmates in the county poor house was forty-six, in June the number was sixty. There had been discharged in three months twenty-two of the inmates. The num- bers being supported there on July 6, 1848, were thirty-four and at this date George Davis was supervisor of the poor farm.
By special act of January 25, 1849. A. Getzler, late assessor of Cook county, was granted $75 to reimburse him for money he had paid out in 1846 for office assistance.
In 1831 Cook county was embraced in the Third Congressional district. In 1836 the county was assigned three representatives and one senator. The act of February 20, 1841, gave Cook and Lake counties one representative to be chosen from Lake and three representatives to be chosen from Cook. The two counties to-
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
gether were given one senator to be chosen from Cook; elections were to be returned to Chicago. By act of March 1, 1843, the State was divided into seven Congressional districts, Cook county being one of seventeen counties constituting the Fourth district. Each district was entitled to one congressman.
Under the apportionment of 1847 Cook county alone was enti- tled to one senator and four representatives. The counties of Cook and Lake were made the Twenty-fifth Senatorial district and Cook county alone was made the Fifty-fourth Representative dis- trict. In 1847 Cook county was given five delegates to the conven- tion held to revise the State Constitution. Under the census of 1850 Cook county became entitled to nine congressmen and was assigned to the Second Congressional district with the counties of Dupage, Kane, Dekalb, Lee, Whiteside and Rock Island.
The act of February 27, 1854, constituted Cook county the First Senatorial district with one senator. It also constituted the towns of South Chicago, Lyons, Lake, Lemont, Palos, Worth, Orland, Bremen, Thornton, Rich and Bloom the Fifty-sixth Representative district, entitled to two representatives. At the same time the towns of West Chicago, North Chicago, Jefferson, Leyden, Ridge- ville, Niles, Maine, Elk Grove, Schaumburg, Hanover, Northfield, Wheeling, Palatine, Barrington, Proviso and New Trier were made the 57th Representative district, entitled to two representatives.
Under the act of January 1, 1861, the following were consti- tuted the Twenty-fourth Senatorial district, the Seventh ward, of Chicago, the Eighth ward, the Ninth ward (which three wards constituted the town of North Chicago) ; the First ward, Second ward, Third ward, Fourth ward and the Precinct of South Chi- cago (all of which constituted the town of South Chicago), and the towns of Lake, Worth, Thornton and Bloom. The Twenty-fifth Senatorial district consisted of Lake View, Evanston, New Trier, Northfield, Wheeling, Palatine, Barrington, Hanover, Schaum- burg, Elk Grove, Maine, Niles, West Chicago, Cicero, Jefferson, Leyden, Proviso, Lyons, Palos, Lemont, Orland, Rich and Bremen. By the same act the following Representative districts were cre- ated: The Fifty-ninth with three representatives to consist of the Fifth, Sixth and Tenth wards and the precinct of West Chicago (all of which constituted the town of West Chicago) the towns of Cicero, Jefferson, Leyden, Proviso, Lyons, Palos, Lemont, Orland, Bremen and Rich, the Sixtieth with two representatives to consist of the First, Second, Third and Fourth wards and the precinct of South Chicago (all of which constituted the town of South Chicago), the towns of Lake, Worth, Thornton and Bloom. The Sixty-first with two representatives to consist of the Seventh, Eighth and Ninth wards (which constituted the town of North Chicago), the towns of Lake View, Evanston, New Trier, North- field, Wheeling, Palatine, Barrington, Hanover, Schaumburg, Elk Grove, Maine and Niles.
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