USA > Illinois > Cook County > History of Cook County, Illinois : being a general survey of Cook County history, including a condensed history of Chicago and special account of districts outside the city limits : from the earliest settlement to the present time, volume I > Part 45
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John Ross, chief of the Cherokees in Indian Territory, a thorough Union man, and his party of fifty persons passed through Chicago late in August, 1862, on their way to Washington; they stopped at the Adams house. Frank T. Sherman, son of Mayor Sherman, became colonel of the Second Board of Trade regiment. Governor Campbell of Tennessee was here August 29 and secured the release of 387 rebel prisoners who took the oath of allegiance. Sloan's Commercial regiment rendezvoused at Springfield. The Railroad regiment rendezvoused at Cottage Grove near Camp Douglas. The Second Board of Trade regiment and the Railroad regiment were ordered to the front early in September, 1862. All of the rebel prisoners at Camp Douglas, having been exchanged, started South in squads early in September. The Christian com- munity of Chicago generally addressed a memorial to President Lincoln in September praying for an "emancipation decree." The
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big meeting held to prepare this memorial was presided over by Judge Otis, and addressed by Owen Lovejoy, Grant Goodrich, J. W. Wilson, Dr. O. H. Tiffany, Rev. T. M. Eddy, Nathan Culver, H. L. Hammond, J. E. Ray, Mark Skinner, Revs. Evarts and Patton, and others. The ladies here organized a new War Relief committee in September, 1862, to assist the Board of Trade regi- ments ; it consisted of Mesdames H. Reynolds, Van Higgins, O. E. Hosmer, Smith Tinkham, J. C. Haines, C. N. Holden, H. M. Sim- monds, W. V. Coe, J. G. Hamilton, G. M. Gray, M. T. Dewey and E. Peck.
The Railroad regiment was commanded by Col. John Christopher. At a big war meeting held September 6, 1862, on the courthouse square, the speakers were Gen. S. R. Curtis of Iowa and Gen. John A. McClernand. At the evening meeting in Bryan hall the speeches were made by Lyman Trumbull, ex-Governor Randall of Wiscon- sin, Gen. H. Walbridge of New York, and General McClernand. Powerful resolutions were adopted; one recommended the organiza- tion of all the militia of the state by Governor Yates. Another war meeting was held at Bryan hall September 7. The County War Fund committee reported September 12 that $199,260 bounty had been paid to 2,321 volunteers. Gen. John Pope, fresh from the Army of the Potomac, was here September 12; he was entertained at the Fremont house. Governor Yates appointed John C. Haines draft commissioner for Cook county. The Third Board of Trade regiment was completed about the middle of September and be- came the One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois. By September 21 there were no rebel prisoners at Camp Douglas except those in the hospital; the barracks were thoroughly renovated after their de- parture. Soon all the Union squads were collected there and numbered about 3,500, consisting of six regiments and three batteries in process of formation. Col. John Van Arman's One Hundred and Twenty-seventh regiment was nearly ready. The Ninety-third regiment, from other counties, was there. The Third Board of Trade regiment under Colonel Barry was about complete.
President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, issued in Sep- tember, 1862, to take effect January 1, 1863, was heralded here with delight by the Union element and received with contempt by the Secessionists or Copperheads. The Abolitionists particularly and the Tribune were almost hysterical with joy. The Tribune of Sep- tember 3 said: "President Lincoln has set his hand and affixed the great seal of the nation to the grandest proclamation ever issued by man. . . So splendid a vision has hardly shone upon the world since the day of the Messiah. From the date of this proclama- tion begins the history of our Republic as our fathers designed to have it-the home of freedom, the asylum of the oppressed, the seat of justice, the land of equal rights under the law, where each man, however humble, shall be entitled to life, liberty and the pur- Vol. I-27.
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suit of happiness. Let no one think to stay the glorious reforma- tion. Every day's events are hastening its triumph, and whosoever shall place himself in its way, it will grind him to powder."
Five regiments and three batteries at Camp Douglas-in all nearly 5,000 troops-were nearly ready by September 23. They had come from all parts of Northern Illinois. The batteries were Miller's Elgin and the Mercantile of Chicago. Late in Septem- ber, 1862, General Tuttle, then at Cairo, telegraphed to Mayor Sherman, asking permission to send to Chicago a number of negroes and requesting him to appoint a committee to find work for them, but was answered in the negative by the mayor, and the Common Council approved his course by a vote of eleven to six. The Times and the Secessionists here generally bitterly and fiercely assailed President Lincoln for the Emancipation Proclamation.
Late in September there arrived here about 8,000 Union soldiers who had been captured at Harper's Ferry and paroled. They were given quarters at Camp Douglas. At this time there were at Camp Douglas about 13,000 Union troops and a few hundred rebels. The old Kingsbury block in Chicago had been owned by Major Kingsbury of the United States army, whose son, Colonel Kings- bury, a graduate of West Point, was killed at Antietam, aged 25 years, commanding the Eleventh Connecticut regiment. Colonel Kingsbury had married a niece of President Taylor. His sister was the wife of the rebel General Buckner, who was captured by Gen- eral Grant at Fort Donelson. General Buckner had had an interest in the Kingsbury block in Chicago, but, fearing confiscation, sold out when the war commenced and went South. Two carloads of negroes arrived here October 6, and many found work on the adjacent farms. The battles of Iuka, Corinth and Perryville roused the citizens in October. By October10 there had arrived here thus far in 1862 about 136,000 bales of cotton on their way East; they were immensely valuable. By October 6 there were at Camp Doug- las and vicinity about 9,000 paroled Union troops from Harper's Ferry and about 7,000 new recruits. The fair grounds adjacent were occupied by part of them. Immediately after the Emancipa- tion Proclamation, the cry of the Times was the "Africanization of Illinois." War meetings were held throughout the county in Octo- ber, 1862-Worth, Thornton, Northfield, East Wheeling, Evans- ton, Blue Island, Palatine, etc. These meetings were addressed by I. N. Arnold, Grant Goodrich, E. C. Larned, A. C. Hesing, L. Brentano, J. L. King, J. B. Bradwell and other good speakers from Chicago. In October, on three or four different occasions, fire de- stroyed the old barracks at Camp Douglas. The Tribune of October 18 said: "The rapidity with which these fires occur precludes entirely the theory of accident and points directly to camp incen- diaries who are taking this method to abate nuisances of which there has been much complaint." Gen. Ben Prentiss, of Shiloh fame,
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arrived here October, 1862, and was given a formal reception. Parson Brownlow delivered one of his unique and epigrammatic addresses here October 25. The Knights of the Golden Circle held regular meetings here during 1862. The following recruits were at Camp Douglas October 31, 1862: Ninetieth regiment, Colonel O'Mara, 781 men; Ninety-third regiment, Colonel Putman, 956 men; One Hundred and Thirteenth regiment (Third Board of Trade), Colonel Hoge, 883 men; One Hundred and Twenty- seventh, Colonel Van Arman, 156 men; Elgin battery, Captain Rennick, 117 men; total, 3,797 men. The Tribune of November 3 said: "It is reported that 1,600 persons who have been in the habit of voting at every election in this city have taken out British protection papers to prevent from being drafted."
The Third Board of Trade regiment (One Hundred and Thir- teenth), under Colonel Hoge, left for Kentucky on November 6; only four of its companies were from Cook county. The Ninety- third, Colonel Putman, left for the same field November 9. The Mercantile battery and the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh left November 8 and 9. The enrollment of September, 1862, showed in the county 29,293 liable to draft, and that 3,839 had enlisted under the recent call. The War Fund committee of the County Board reported about December 1, 1862, that they had paid $60 bounty to each of 3,633 men, and had borrowed $20,000 from the banks to be used to assist soldiers' families. The bounty received by the soldiers was in many cases placed with the War Fund committee to be by them disbursed to the families; and as the soldiers received their pay in the field much of it was sent to the committee to be likewise disbursed. In December two men named Johnson and Sheehan, who had been arrested for treason, confined in Fort La- fayette and released, tried to deliver treasonable speeches from the balcony of the Sherman house, but were hissed and hooted down by the people. They were permitted to say what they desired before the Invincible club, a Democratic political organization.
About December 31, 1862, the Board of Trade passed the fol- lowing resolution : "Resolved, By this Board of Trade, while dis- claiming all partisan feeling and being actuated by no other motive than the public welfare and the fair fame of our city, that the Chicago Times is unworthy of countenance or support and that the directors are hereby requested to exclude it from the reading rooms of this Board."
Early in January, 1863, the Chicago branch of the Sanitary Com- mission sent by special messenger thirty-three large boxes of hos- pital stores, clothing, etc., to the wounded soldiers of the battle of Murfreesboro. The Board of Trade War committee promptly dis- patched agents and nurses to care for the sick and wounded at Mur- freesboro, Vicksburg and Memphis. The Second Board of Trade regiment, Colonel Turchin's regiment (the Nineteenth), and the
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Board of Trade battery participated at Murfreesboro, while the Third Board of Trade regiment and the Mercantile battery had been fighting near Vicksburg. On January 6, 1863, 150 ladies were at work in the committee rooms, State and Randolph, preparing bandages and other hospital supplies. On January 8 the Young Men's association passed the following · resolutions : "Resolved, That the Chicago Times be excluded from the reading room. Re- solved, That the files of the Chicago Times for the past year be publicly burned next Monday evening on Clark street opposite Bryan hall."
In one week 176 boxes of hospital supplies were sent to Murfrees- boro and 301 boxes to Vicksburg. Also $3,000 in cash had been raised and spent for tea, tobacco, arrowroot, barley, farina, butter, eggs, whisky, etc., all of which was promptly forwarded. On January 27 about 1,500 rebel prisoners from Murfreesboro arrived at Camp Douglas. It cost $7,652 to replace the barracks burned by the paroled Union soldiers at that camp.
Immense meetings to indorse the Emancipation Proclamation and commemorate its going into effect were held here January 12, 1863. All of the best Union men of the city, Republicans and Democrats, were present at the meetings held in Bryan and Metro- politan halls, the First Baptist church and elsewhere. At Bryan hall the speakers were G. C. Bates, E. H. Bracket, Dr. Daniel Brainard, S. A. Goodwin, Emory A. Storrs, Prof. M. C. Butler of Lake Forest, Rev. F. W. Fisk, Rev. Robert Colyer and John Went- worth. At the Baptist church the speakers were Rev. W. W. Evarts, Elliott Anthony, G. C. Bates, Prof. Haven and John Went- worth. At Metropolitan hall were Casper Butz, William Rapp, Caroun Schmidt and others, this being an assemblage of Germans. In Lower Bryan hall the speakers were D. V. Bell, J. Y. Scammon, C. R. Jones, Paul Cornell and J. R. Druman. At all the meetings the Proclamation was warmly welcomed, Lincoln was glorified, and the vigorous prosecution of the war was advocated. Every meeting adopted strong resolutions. The Tribune of January 13 said: "The people of Chicago love liberty. Never in the history of the city was this truth made more manifest than by the monster ineetings of last night to endorse the President's edict of freedom. By it they believe the rebellion is hit a death blow and hence they rejoice. By it Abraham Lincoln has placed his name beside that of Wash- ington and all the noblest benefactors of the race."
By February, 1863, the Chicago Times had suffered the following repulses without having its secession utterances checked in the least : Three of its editors had been imprisoned; it had been expelled from the Board of Trade and Young Men's association reading rooms; many news dealers had refused it; General Sullivan had banished it from his lines; the same of General Hurlbut at Memphis; General Curtis had sanctioned its banishment from his army in Missouri;
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special dispatches had been denied it by the military telegraph. An attempt was made early in 1863 by the Times and its warmest sup- porters to establish here a chamber of commerce. This was in retaliation for having been expelled from the Board of Trade read- ing room." They managed to put through the disloyal Legislature a bill incorporating such an institution. The Conscription bill passed Congress late in February, 1863. The Union League lodges were springing up over all the North to offset the Sons of Liberty. By March, 1863, the County War Fund committee had paid in bounties $217,989 and had spent much of its $41,786 of family relief fund. On March 6, 1863, Supervisor Rexforth of Worth offered the following preambles and resolution at a meeting of the County Board :
"WHEREAS, Our country is passing through a crisis such as she never experienced before; and WHEREAS, She demands to know her strength as nearly as may be; and WHEREAS, It is feared that we have those in the North who sympathize with the rebels in their wicked deeds; and WHEREAS, We wish to record our votes in some way that will unmistakably place us on the side of loyalty to our Government and that a record of the same be kept for future genera- tions to look upon, therefore be it
"Resolved, That we will in every lawful and laudable way strengthen the arms of the President of the United States in his efforts to put down this rebellion ; that we frown indignantly on any and every attempt to discourage or demoralize our army now in the field; and that the efforts of one portion of the Legislature, cal- culated in their very nature to give aid to the rebels and discourage and dishearten our brave army, meet with our deepest detestation and abhorrence; and we believe for such traitorous acts the civilized world in all coming time will assign them a place in public esteem to which the tories of the Revolution bear no comparison."
These preambles and resolutions were warmly opposed and de- fended and were finally voted on with the following result: Ayes- Allen, Alger, Baer, Brown, Cornell, Culver, Dolton, Dunlap, Ed- brook, Farwell, Gibbs, Gund, James, Johnson, Kott, Kingsley, Mor- gan, Pahlman. Pennoyer, Reed, Rees, Russell, Randall, Rexford, Strong, Shierding, Werner, Ward, Eli Whitney, S. S. Whitney and chairman. Nays-Gebel, Gormly, Hoffman, Kean, Murphy, New- house, Pendergast, Sheils, Taylor. Absent during the session, Cam- mack, Doty, Gallager, Niles, Haskins.
The smallpox first made its appearance at Camp Douglas about November 10, 1862, and spread rapidly after the 3,800 rebel pris- oners arrived in January, 1863. By March 11 there were 125 cases in the hospitals there, and about 700 had died of smallpox and other diseases. The Times charged neglect, but the Tribune of April 4 said : "The per cent of mortality is large, but no deaths have occurred from any neglect, want of care or proper medical
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attention. When they arrived fully one-third of them were only fit for the hospital. Especially was this the case with those from Arkansas Post. Those who have just gone have greatly improved in condition during their imprisonment here. - They have been well fed, carefully treated by the surgeons, and most of them have new suits of clothing. They are all much better clad now than the soldiers in the rebel army."
Pursuant to act of the Legislature, the County Board in April ordered $100,000 worth of war bonds sold. In April, 1863, the War committee of the Board of Trade reported that they had col- lected $51,366 and had paid out $36,566, leaving on hand $14,799. Of the collections $30,000 had been invested in United States 7-30 bonds, which had been sold as money was needed. The War Fund committee of the County Board gave a big dinner party to soldiers' families in April. An immense Union meeting was held at Bryan hall April 9, Judge Thomas Drummond presiding ; he delivered the first speech, and was followed by W. A. Howard, Senator Trum- bull, John F. Farnsworth, John Wentworth and Mason Jones. Of this meeting the Tribune said: "Many great and successful meet- ings have been held in this city, but never was a meeting of any sort convened here that was greater, more successful or more grati- fying to the promoters of it than the Union mass meeting held at Bryan hall last night. . . . But our home orators on this occasion- all strong and full of loyal zeal-must stand aside for once. The great speech of the evening was by Mason Jones, the Irish orator. We do not remember an address in this city by any distinguished orator or statesman on any occasion, that was more fraught with good sense and more replete with eloquence. It was as close and logical as Webster's and as burning as Clay's best off-hand speeches."
The Sixty-fifth regiment, which had been at Camp Douglas on parole from Harper's Ferry for about seven months, left about 780 strong for Kentucky on April 19. There was received here about May 1, 1863, for the families of soldiers in the Eighty-second and Eighty-eighth regiments, about $18,700. The following is an ex- tract from the inaugural address of Mayor Sherman, May 4, 1863 :
"This devotion to law as the only arbiter of public rights neces- sarily requires that the Democratic party should give their undi- vided support to the Government, no matter by whom administered, in every effort to maintain the Constitution. This rebellion is an effort to overturn the Constitution and destroy the Union; it must be put down, no matter at what cost of money or sacrifice of life; it is a struggle for national existence, in which the individuals must be prepared to sacrifice all that the nation may legally demand to preserve the national life. No Democrat can be true to his prin- ciples who does not render to his Government all the aid in what- ever form it may be legally required to put down the rebellion. .
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
If there be men in this city who have any sympathy for the rebel- lion, who desire the recognition of the Southern Confederacy, who desire a withdrawal of our troops from the rebel states and coast, who desire a peace that will directly or indirectly impair the terri- torial or political integrity of the Union, such men are strangers to me personally and politically. I have no relations of any kind with them; I am not their friend nor are they my friends."
Early in May, 1863, William James, ex-coroner of Cook county, was appointed provost marshal. News of the bloody battle of Chan- cellorsville moved Chicago profoundly. The Tribune of May 9 said : "All day Thursday the Copperheads came out of their holes and stood upon the street corners chuckling to themselves over the supposed defeat of Hooker. . Twelve hours passed by and the news changed. There might have been a disaster-not a defeat. There might have been a retrograde movement-but no dishonor. · The Copperheads were down in the mouth and hunted their holes. ... Canard after canard was attempted by them on 'Change, but the loyal, staunch old board were not frightened; there was no panic on the market as the Secesh hoped." Cook county watched almost breathlessly General Grant's movements against Vicksburg. A sanitary gift concert in May netted $805 for the soldiers. On May 13 John L. Hancock was elected colonel of the regiment of Chicago City guards. The few hundred rebel prisoners at Camp Douglas, except the sick, were sent East for exchange in May. Allotments for distribution to soldiers' families were received from all the Cook county troops in the field. General Grierson's raid through Mississippi was viewed with satisfaction here. Late in May Chicago became very much excited over General Grant's suc- cesses in Mississippi. The Tribune of May 26 said: "The news of the great successes of Grant's army has electrified the country. All loyal men, Democrats as well as Republicans, rejoice. But the Copperheads look glum. They deeply sympathize with their afflicted Southern brethren and, like Rachel mourning for her children, will not be comforted." During May the Sanitary Commission here forwarded 960 boxes of supplies to Grant's army, besides nearly $3,000 worth of beef, sugar, tea, condensed milk, candles, whisky, etc. The canal convention then in session here promptly subscribed $5,056 for the Sanitary Commission. Late in May enrollment under the Conscript act was begun. An enrolling officer for each town and two for each ward were appointed.
At 4 o'clock A. M. June 3, 1863, two companies of soldiers from Camp Douglas under Captain McDonald, pursuant to an order of General Burnside at Cincinnati, took possession of the Chicago Times office, destroyed a large number of papers just run off, and placed a guard over the establishment. This step was taken under an order to suppress disloyalty in this department. Mr. Storey and his friends, through hand-bills, called for a public meeting at
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8 o'clock P. M., to be held on the street in front of the Times office. Of this meeting Judge Fuller was made chairman, and speeches were made by General Singleton of Quincy, M. M. Strong of Wis- consin, B. G. Caulfield, Wirt Dexter, M. F. Tuley, E. S. McComas and E. G. Asay. All pompously demanded the right of free speech and free press and denied that there was any necessity here for military rule to take precedence over civil law. The speakers were severe and disloyal, but all counseled moderation. At 12 o'clock M. on the 3rd a meeting of citizens was held in the Circuit court rooms and Mayor Sherman was chosen chairman. Conciliatory addresses were made by Van H. Higgins, Lyman Trumbull, Isaac N. Arnold, W. B. Ogden, S. S. Ayers, James F. Joy, A. W. Arrington, Samuel W. Fuller, Wirt Dexter and others. W. B. Ogden in the interest of local harmony presented the following preamble and resolution, which were adopted :
"WHEREAS, In the opinion of this meeting of citizens of all par- ties, the peace of this city and state, if not the general welfare of the country, is likely to be promoted by the suspension or rescinding of the recent order of General Burnside for the suppression of the Chicago Times; therefore,
"Resolved, That upon the ground of expediency alone such of our citizens as concur in this opinion, without regard to party, are hereby recommended to unite in a petition to the President, respectfully ask- ing the suspension or rescinding of said order."
The proceedings of this meeting were telegraphed to President Lincoln, who immediately advised General Burnside to rescind his order, whereupon the following direction was issued by the latter : "By direction of the President of the United States, the order sup- pressing the circulation of the Times is hereby revoked. Take no further action in the matter." Thus the trouble ended as a matter of expediency only. A short time before this event the Times had said: "So long as the present political policies of the war are persisted in-so long as the war is continued as a war of a political party-every dollar expended in it is wasted and worse than wasted, and every life lost in it is an abominable sacri- fice and a murder, indeed, by those upon whom the responsibility rests of the prevailing policies. The man who does not wash his hands of all participation in such a war shares the guilt of those by whom it is prosecuted. Support of this war and hostility to it show the dividing line between the friends and enemies of the Union. He who supports the war is against the Union. because the war is the most terrible engine for the destruction of the Union which Beelzebub himself could have invented. The professed Dem- ocrat, therefore, who has his senses about him and is deliberately for the war, is not a Democrat in fact, but an Abolitionist of the most radical, violent and destructive kind."
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