USA > Illinois > Cook County > History of Cook County, Illinois : being a general survey of Cook County history, including a condensed history of Chicago and special account of districts outside the city limits : from the earliest settlement to the present time, volume I > Part 47
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Grove enclosed about ten acres. The Government corral was on the west side of State street between Twenty-third and Twenty- fourth streets. It covered twenty acres and accommodated 2,500 horses with stabling. About four hundred yards south of Camp Douglas and twenty yards apart were the Union and the rebel pest-houses. Each contained small-pox patients in February, 1864. On February 29 about $4,000 worth of barracks and tools were destroyed at Camp Douglas. All the local regiments returning and all regiments passing through here were fed at Soldiers' Rest. By March 1 bounties had been paid to 2,380 recruits; but the provost marshal reported 833 recruits and the United States mustering officers 1,934 more, total 2,767, all since October 1, 1863. Thus by March 1, 1864, Cook county was still short nearly 1,000 men, not counting the quota under the call of February, 1864. Colonel Vol. I-28.
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484
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
DeLand, of the Michigan Sharpshooters, had commanded at Camp Douglas during the winter of 1863-64, but in March, 1864, was succeeded by Col. J. C. Strong of the Thirty-eighth New York infantry.
Previous to March, 1864, the Union and rebel soldiers in Camp Douglas could mingle, but at that date a high board fence was built between them. Prior to and including March 5, 1864, bounties had been paid under the October call as follows: 1,067 orders for $112, total $119,504; 1,433 orders for $23, total $40,124; grand total $157,628. Gen. Phil. Sheridan was here March 10, 1864; he was feted at the Sherman house. Bounty payments were ex- tended to the first Monday in June. Grant's elevation to the head of the army in March, 1864, gave great satisfaction in Chicago. By March 14 the recruits numbered 2,681. General Burnside was here March 19; he addressed the citizens at Bryan hall. Twelve rebel prisoners escaped from "White Oak" prison in Camp Doug- las March 22. During the war there were liberal subscriptions here to the various Government loans. For three days in April, 1864, subscriptions of $62,550 to the 10-40 loan were received by the Second National Bank. Before the British consul alone, in April, 1864, 1,015 persons made oath that they were aliens, and yet nearly all had voted here and many were well-known ward politicians. Of this number 551 were Irish. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles was here April 20, 1864, and was given a splendid reception at the Tremont house and on 'Change.
The defeat of General Banks at Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, was deeply regretted here. The Illinois colored regiment became the Twenty-ninth United States Colored regiment. It arrived here April 27, 1864, under the command of Col. Bross of Chicago, and was entertained at Soldiers' Rest. After the repast the regiment turned the tables on the white ladies of the Rest, and served them a splendid supper from the restaurant of Ambrose & Jackson, the most popular eating-house of the city. Late in April, 1864, Gov- ernor Yates called for 20,000 men for 100 days for garrison duty within the State. Cook county recruited many very young men for this service. By May 3 three new regiments for this service were well advanced here. The colonels of the first two were John L. Hancock and R. M. Hough.
In May, 1864, the Soldiers' Home was removed to Fairview, near the grave of the Late Senator Douglas, where a house owned by Mrs. Langley was rented for temporary occupancy until the proposed new brick building could be erected on adjacent ground recently bought. The new brick Home was to be ready in Septem- ber, 1864.
At a war meeting held in Bryan Hall on May 9, to advance re- cruiting for the Hundred Day service, Generals Hurlbut and White and Colonel Mulligan made speeches, Frank Lumbard then sang
485
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
"Old Shady," after which E. C. Larned, General Fuller and Emory A. Storrs delivered spicy, brilliant addresses. The meeting ended with all singing the "Battle Cry of Freedom." In order to stimu- late enlistments under the Hundred Day call, the board of trade offered as an additional inducement to each man $15 per month for three months or a total of $45. At this time recruits were being raised by Captains Lyon, Palmer, Baxter, Baldwin, Randall and by Colonels Hancock, Hough and Shimp. At Camp Douglas on May 12 there were 5,600 rebels in charge of two regiments of the Reserve corps.
The news of the terrific fighting in the Wilderness by Grant's army roused this city to the highest pitch of excitement in May, 1864. As the news came bulletins were issued, cheering crowds gathered, flags were flung out, and the people seemed wild with joy. The Tribune of May 14 said, "Yesterday was a day long to be remembered. We have seen this city excited, but never to that degree as yesterday. The loyal men of Chicago were utterly beside themselves with delight." Grant was doing what all here wanted him to do and what all felt was bound to win success-fight. The crowds on the streets were wrought up to fighting pitch. Mr. Storey of the Times and John S. Newhouse, police commissioner, were assaulted for uttering remarks derogatory to Grant's suc- cesses. Business was suspended-a remarkable event for busy Chicago-and the evening was given up to parades, fireworks and general jollification. The fact that Grant held on and was not repulsed, was the cheering sign. It was noted that the Copper- heads kept in their holes all day, not caring to incur the wrath of the crowds. The Tribune of May 15 jubilantly said, "Saturday was marked by scarcely less excitement in the streets of Chicago than the day preceding. The exuberant flush was over, but the people were not less anxious. All along the streets the question resounded, What is the news? Now all feel that the clouds are indeed breaking. Loyal men rejoice as only they can who have watched and waited and longed for the morning till hope was almost gone." But Richmond was not yet to be captured as they ardently hoped nor was the galling and bloody war soon to be ended. At this time the Copperheads had much to say of "Grant the butcher and Butler the beast." By May 17 the board of trade had raised about $30,000 to be paid under their offer to recruits for the Hundred Days' service. Gen. Richard Oglesby visited Chicago May 16.
About the middle of May a new enrollment for the whole State was ordered. Owing to the large number of rebel prisoners at Camp Douglas, Camp Fry was made headquarters for recruiting. The colonels of the three Hundred Day regiment were Hancock, Hough and Shimp. By May 20 Hough's regiment had 741 men, Hancock's 704 men and Shimp's about 200. At a meeting of the
486
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
ladies held about this time it was resolved not to indulge in finery and delicacies during the remainder of the war. Hough's regiment became the One Hundred and Thirty-second Illinois; and Hancock's the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Illinois. . Chicago citizens made large contributions to the Pittsburg Sanitary Fair.
The following table, furnished by Captain James, provost mar- shal of this district (Cook county), showed, first, the total quota of this district under all calls from the commencement of the war, including that of July 18, 1864, arranged by sub-districts; second, the total credits of July 1, 1864, arranged as above; third, the deficit of each sub-district on July 1, 1864 :
First ward.
Quota. 2,209
1,992
217
Second ward.
1,515
1,257
258
Third ward ..
1,306
1,054
252
Fourth ward.
738
660
78
Fifth ward
821
673
148
Sixth ward ...
1,029
773
256
Seventh ward.
997
807
190
Eighth ward
693
512
180
Ninth ward.
833
621
212
Tenth ward ...
1,120
806
224
Eleventh ward.
1,352
1,114
238
Twelfth ward.
794
600
194
Thirteenth ward
519
356
163
Fourteenth ward
669
554
115
Fifteenth ward.
1,068
935
133
Sixteenth ward
1,549
1,454
85
Barrington
113
81
32
Palatine
124
80
44
Northfield
125
80
45
Evanston
109
86
23
Hanover
66
47
19
Schaumberg
75
39
36
Elk Grove
87
59
28
Maine
119
73
46
Niles
121
77
44
Leyden
109
56
53
Jefferson
133
88
45
Proviso
144
83
61
Cicero
76
40
36
Lyons
155
86
69
Lake
98
51
47
Lemont
181
113
68
Palos
62
41
21
Worth
127
81
43
Calumet
157
99
58
Orland
92
61
31
Bremen
113
72
41
Thornton
133
81
52
Rich
89
45
44
Bloom
82
53
29
Lake View
90
53
37
New Trier
75
45
30
Hyde Park
79
43
36
Totals
20,305
16,177
4,128
Credits.
Deficit.
Wheeling
156
93
63
487
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
Important changes in Camp Douglas were made in June, 1864. The barracks were cut in two, raised four feet and arranged in streets. They were placed four abreast and nine deep. Under the new arrangement the camp could accommodate 12,000 prisoners.
The Camp Douglas Hospital Aid society was founded December 18, 1861, mainly by the ladies of Grace church who wished to aid the Federal soldiers at the camp. The operations were extended to soldiers' families and to other hospitals, particularly to the city hospital when it passed to the United States. In the Spring of 1863 they opened a repository at 51 State street to aid wives of soldiers. Later the society changed their name to St. Luke's Hospital society and established free beds and care at 539 State street. Their report June 20, 1864, shows total receipts of $4,451.89 and total expenses $4,110.38. Scores of soldiers' families suffered for food in July, 1864, and urgent calls for help were made of all the aid organiza- tions. Protracted sickness had caused the resignation of Mark Skinner from the presidency of the Chicago Sanitary Commission in December, 1863, greatly to the regret of everybody. John V. Farwell was treasurer of the Freedmen's Aid Commission.
The-call of July, 1864, for 500,000 men to serve one, two and three years, staggered the county, but all went resolutely to work to raise the quota. The Tribune of July 19 valiantly said, "The strain is hard. The trial is severe. But the people are equal to the effort. We have suffered too much; we have fought too success- fully ; we are too near the end to fall back into defeat, anarchy and endless civil war for want of the reinforcements for which the country through the President has now called." In all parts of the county and city tremendous effort began. Stirring calls and eloquent appeals were made by press, pulpit and rostrum. It was hoped and believed that this effort would be the last. Many of the prisoners at Camp Douglas took the oath of allegiance at this time and were provisionally released; there were 6,575 in the camp. An immense war meeting at Metropolitan hall on July 20 was addressed by John Wentworth, Grant Goodrich, J. D. Ward and Emory A. Storrs; the latter ridiculed in his humorous and inimita- ble style the Niagara Peace convention just adjourned. News of the capture of Atlanta was received with joyful acclaim. The death of Colonel Mulligan caused much sorrow in July ; his public funeral was large and impressive. On August 13, 1864, the County War Fund committee was paying weekly allowances to about 1,200 soldiers' families. Wealthy men in all parts of the county were busy hiring substitutes, in order to have their names taken from the draft rolls. Among those who obtained substitutes about this time were J. V. Farwell, C. B. Farwell, Wilbur F. Storey, W. C. D. Grannis, Samuel S. Kellogg, U. R. Hawley and Nelson Morris. A number of Canadian negroes arrived here about this time to enlist as substitutes for the large private bounty offered. Col. John A.
488
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
Bross of the colored regiment died of wounds in August; he was hated by Secessionists and rebels for having taken command of a colored regiment, and his death may have been the result of that hate.
The draft was set for September 5, 1864. Recruiting was slow, but many substitutes were hired late in July. The County Board late in July, 1864, sent Col. J. L. Hancock to Springfield to secure definite information as to the quota of the county under the recent calls. Upon his return he made the following report: "The total quota of this district (First or Cook county), under all calls from the commencement of the war, including that of July 18, 1864, is 20,005; total credits to July 1, 1864, is 16,177; the deficit is 4,128. This number will be reduced somewhat by credits from enlistments for the navy and substitutes procured ,since April 1, 1864. It appears by the records that about sixty counties are de- ficient a total of 32,347 men, while about fifty counties have fur- nished 16,165 over their quota on all calls, leaving a balance due from the state of 16,182 men. By giving to Cook county her proportion of the surplus of 16,165 men, it leaves to be raised 2,064 men, from which is to be deducted the enlistments since July 1, numbering some hundreds, counting seamen and soldiers. The number to be raised at this time is somewhere in the neighborhood of 1,500 or 1,600 men, which, it seems to be understood, might be procured without resorting to conscription, if proper steps were immediately taken."
The National Democratic convention had been set to be held in Chicago in June, 1864, but was postponed to August 29. Elabo- rate arrangements for an immense building on Michigan avenue were made. The Tribune called the building the "Copperhead amphitheatre." It was erected in the park north of Park Row. Gen. W. S. Rosecrans was in Chicago during the convention and made a speech on 'Change. A committee of the citizens appointed at a public meeting to devise means to fill the quota of Cook county reported that it would be necessary to raise $900,000 by taxation to accomplish that object. On September 2, 1864, it was officially announced that the Cook county deficiency to date was 4,128, but the Tribune insisted that the real deficiency was only about half that number. Cook county constituted the First Congressional or draft district. The County Board was petitioned by the citizens September 5 to appropriate not to exceed $500,000 to be used to secure recruits to fill the county quota. It was argued that, while the county quota was 4,128 men, as many of the counties were ahead, the real quota of Cook county was thus reduced to about 1,600 men. Acting upon this petition, the County Board appro- priated $500,000 on September 6, to be issued in county orders payable to bearer, $300 to each recruit, the scrip or bonds to bear 10 per cent interest. With $300 from the county and $100 from
-
4.89
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
the Government, a substantial offer could be made to volunteers. The highest number of votes ever polled in Cook county was 20,347, but the enrollment of July, 1864, was 38,262; thus it was thought a big mistake had been made somewhere.
Upon receipt of the news of the capture of Atlanta the Board of Trade appropriated $200 with which to fire a salute in honor of the event. "Flesh brokers" was the term applied to persons en- gaged here in obtaining, for a consideration, usually commission, substitutes for men in any part of the Union. As soon as it was ready, everybody in the county was appealed to to take county scrip. The County Board ordered the expulsion from the court- house square of all recruiting officers except those engaged to clear the Cook county quota. The War Fund committee reported on September 12 that they had paid to date in bounty a total of $323,- 843, and that from sixty to 100 recruits were yet to be paid. From July 1, 1864, to September 1, 1864, they had paid to soldiers' fami- lies $20,492.15. The cry of the Democracy at this time was "Peace at any price!" Under the Government call of July, 1864, for 500,000 men for one, two and three years, the bounty offered was $100, $200 or $300 respectively for those periods. Thus three- year recruits were offered $300 by the Government and $300 by Cook county. With his wages, board and clothing added, every recruit was thus offered over $1,000. As shown above, the total quotas of the county to July 1, 1864, were 20,305, total credits 16,177, deficiency 4,128. The Government, for prudential reasons, ordered a reduction of 50 per cent in the state quota for the first draft of September, 1864, leaving thus to be raised by Cook county on July 1, 1864, 2,064 men. But many had been recruited since then. The Tribune of September 22 said that about 1,817 men were yet to be raised.
The victory of Sheridan over Early in the Shenandoah valley in September was publicly celebrated here. People realized that the great armies of Grant, Sherman and Sheridan had the hydra of secession by the throat and was slowly but steadily and surely choking the life out of it. On September 26, 1864, the draft was commenced here. There was no excitement at the provost mar- shal's office at 132 South Clark street where the wheel revolved, or rather where the names were drawn from a box by some person selected at the moment and blindfolded. Leyden was the first town to receive the draft; Alderman Lawson with bared arm drew out the slips, and Frederick Rust was the first person drafted. On the first day twenty-five were drafted in Leyden, seventeen in Schaum- berg, ten in Palos, twenty-nine in Wheeling, twenty in Northfield and twenty-one in Maine. The county supervisor and enrolling officer of Leyden, Benjamin L. Hopkins, was the thirty-sixth to be drafted. The second day the draft was: Rich, twenty ; Lyons, thirty-three; New Trier, fourteen; Proviso, twenty ; Lake, twenty-
490
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
two; Lemont, twenty-three. Subsequent days showed the draft thus: Calumet, twenty-eight; Thornton, twenty-one ; Niles, twenty- one; Orland, fourteen; Bremen, nineteen; Elk Grove, thirteen; Palatine, seven; Jefferson, nineteen; Bloom, thirteen; Worth, twenty ; Cicero (only five short, was postponed upon request) ; Lake, twenty-two. John Foley, who drew for Lemont, produced his own name at the second draw. Cicero cleared herself of the draft-raised $10,500 by private subscription-and thus was the first subdivision of the county to be clear officially. Draft insurance societies flour- ished at this period; for a consideration they took their chances of guaranteeing any man clear. Clubs were formed, each member paying in $100, the sum raised to be paid to those drafted or paid to substitutes. On September 21, 1864, the County Board agreed that the $300 county bounty would be paid to any person applying on the quota-volunteers, drafted or substitutes. While the draft was in progress the greatest efforts yet made were inaugurated along these and other lines. A large private and additional bounty was raised in nearly all towns and wards. Substitute brokers ap- peared with elaborate signs at every street corner. The Thirteenth ward cleared itself by securing nearly a full company from one of the discharged regiments. In the Sixth ward 121 were drafted; in the Seventh, eighty; in the Eighth, eighty-three; in the Ninth, seventy-seven; and in the Twelfth, eighty-six. Money was poured out like water. The Fifth ward (Bridgeport), though forty-nine short, cleared itself in about three days by raising a large private fund. So great was the effort to raise recruits at this time (Octo- ber 4 to 10) that the draft was suspended. By October 10 the county deficit had been reduced to the following: Northfield, seven; Maine, six; Leyden, eight; Lyons, twenty-three; Lake, one; Lemont, nineteen; Worth, seventeen; Calumet, seventeen; Brown, three; Thornton, three; New Trier, one; Bloom, one; First ward, one; Third, twenty-two; Sixth, ninety-five; Eighth, seventy-four ; Ninth, fifty-six; Eleventh, seventy-seven; Twelfth, eighty-five; total, 516. All the other subdivisions had cleared themselves by October 10. By October 17 the following was the shortage; Maine, three; Lyons, seventeen; Lemont, eleven; Worth, seven; Calumet, eleven; Bremen, one; Thornton, three; Sixth ward, forty- three; Eighth, eight; Ninth, nineteen; Twelfth, eight; total, 131. On October 21 the deficit was as follows: Lyons, fourteen; Calu- met, eleven; Lemont, two; Worth, six; Bremen, one; total, thirty- four. On October 23 the deficit was: Lyons, one; Calumet, four ; Bremen, one; total, six. The next day the deficit vanished. All in all, this was perhaps the most extraordinary effort ever made by Cook county. The county deserves the highest credit for its her- culean exertions in this emergency. Several of the subdivisions (wards and towns) raised each $20,000 to $30,000 and used the same as an additional bounty. John Wentworth was given great
491
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
credit for his efforts at this date-giving his time and money with- out stint.
On September 28, 1864, about thirty rebel prisoners at Camp Douglas, in a sortie, tried to batter down a portion of the wall and escape, but the leader was shot and the attempt failed. Col. J. B. Sweet was commandant. The Tribune of October 3 said: "The past week has been one of intense excitement in Chicago. The fall in gold and the consequent sweeping away of margins; the draft in Cook county ; the continued military successes of the Union armies; the suspension of payments of three banks; the run on several others by depositors; the heavy decline in the price of grain and cattle, dry goods and groceries-all occurring during the closing days of September, made the week one long to be re- membered." On October 6 there were 7,404 rebels at Camp Doug- las, of whom 470 were in the hospital. Immense quantities of supplies were shipped daily by the Sanitary Commission in Octo- ber, 1864. Gen. Joseph Hooker was here October 16; he appeared on 'Change and made a speech that was received with tumultuous cheers; he was given a splendid reception at night. Solomon Sturges, who had done a vast amount to aid the Union cause, died here in October, 1864. Receipts for the Soldiers' home were as follows: Collections from June 17, 1863, to September, 1864, $1,939.22; strawberry festival, $1,006.26; sale of Emancipation Proclamation, $3,000; net profits of same, $2,100; permanent home subscriptions, $12,941.33; premium on United States bonds, $831.53 ; total receipts, $24,818.34. The expenses were: Current, $12,599.22; paid for real estate, $11,207.50; total, $23,806.72; balance on hand, $1,011.62. A big festival in Rosedale for the benefit of the soldiers, given by the ladies of the West Side in October, netted over $500. The families of colored soldiers were aided the same as those of white soldiers. Many of the business houses in October and November, 1864, devoted one day's profits to aid soldiers' families.
The Sanitary fair at Chicago in 1863 had set an example that was imitated in all the states of the North. In October, 1864, another on a much larger scale was projected. "The Northwestern Sanitary commission and the Chicago Soldiers' home (which in- cludes the Soldiers' rest), having resolved to institute a great joint fair for the benefit of both institutions, elected the following per- sons respectively on the executive committee: E. W. Blatchford, Mrs. A. H. Hoge and Mrs. D. P. Livermore for the Sanitary com- mission; T. B. Bryan, Mrs. O. E. Hosmer and Mrs. E. F. Dickin- son for the Soldiers' home. These two committees, having united in pursuance of their appointment in forming the executive commit- tee, and by virtue of the discretion delegated to them, added to their number Mark Skinner, Col. C. G. Hammond and E. B. Mc- Cagg, have completed their organization by the election of the
492
HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
following officers: President, Mark Skinner; vice-presidents, Col. C. G. Hammond, E. B. McCagg and T. B. Bryan; treasurer and secretary, E. W. Blatchford; corresponding secretaries, Mrs. A. H. Hoge, Mrs. O. E. Hosmer, Mrs. D. P. Livermore, Mrs. E. F. Dickinson. The committees have determined upon the 22d day of February, 1865, as the opening day of the fair and the 4th day of March as its closing day. It has also been definitely agreed that the net proceeds of the fair shall be divided between the Sanitary commission and the Soldiers' home; so that the latter institution shall be entitled to and shall receive the first $25,000; and all the residue of the said proceeds, regardless of the amount, shall belong to the Northwestern Sanitary commission."-(Extract of the Ex- ecutive committee report in Tribune, October 28, 1864.)
On Sunday, October 30, 1864, James A. Garfield delivered a strong Union address at Bryan hall. On October 28 twenty-five or thirty rebels at Camp Douglas tried to escape by battering down the outer wall; five or six managed to get out, but the others were checked. The election of Lincoln and Johnson in November, 1864, greatly elated the Union leaders here, because it meant a continu- ance of the war policy and the overthrow of the rebellion and slav- ery. The total vote in Chicago was 27,029, or 6,650 larger than ever before polled in the city. The draft of 1864 was upon the basis of one-half of the quota of Cook county, and as the war advanced into the winter of 1864-65 it was seen that the other half would have to be raised by the county. Recruiting, therefore, continued. As high as $800 had been paid here for substitutes; but when the "flesh brokers" were driven out by act of the county and the city authorities the price fell to $500. The Sanitary fair held at Evans- ton under the auspices of the Female college in December, 1864, netted several hundred dollars for the soldiers. On November 28, 1864, the City Council passed an ordinance that no persons except those acting under city authority should enlist any men in the United States service, and particularly that substitute brokers should be thus prohibited. On November 27 about 550 rebel soldiers from General Hood's army arrived here; they were miserable looking objects. At this time there were about 8,000 rebel prisoners at Camp Douglas, guarded by the Eighth Reserve corps, the Fifteenth Reserve corps and the Twenty-fourth Ohio battery-in all about 796 men. A board wall twelve feet high, upon which walked about twenty-five guards at one time, was all that stood between the pris- oners and liberty. Often many of the 796 were away on special detail. Early in December the County Board authorized its War Fund committee to borrow $20,000 for six months at 6 per cent interest, to be expended for the benefit of the soldiers' families. On December 6, 7 and 8, 1864, over 1,000 prisoners from Hood's army arrived for Camp Douglas; by December 12 there were nearly 10,000 of them in the camp. The victory of General Thomas over
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