USA > Illinois > Perry County > Combined history of Randolph, Monroe and Perry counties, Illinois . With illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers > Part 27
USA > Illinois > Randolph County > Combined history of Randolph, Monroe and Perry counties, Illinois . With illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers > Part 27
USA > Illinois > Monroe County > Combined history of Randolph, Monroe and Perry counties, Illinois . With illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers > Part 27
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Ilis decree, however, was no surprise to the people of the territory, for the struggle to defy the stipulations of the ordinance of 1787 was then scarcely perceptible. The feeble efforts of several citizens of the colony to have Congress re-consider the anti-slavery proviso were ineffectual, and injured the very men who made them. The purchase of Louisiana in 1803 added a vast empire of slave terri- tory to the United States, the present state of Missouri being a part thereof. And it was not until the few and scattering American settlers in Illinois saw well equipped emigrants from the slave States pass through Illinois, bound for Missouri, wbere slavery was not prohibited, that the actual agitation for introducing or legalizing it here was inaugurated. It must have been provoking to see a desirable population turn their backs to the beautiful lands on the east bank of the Mississippi and cross over to inferior land for their settlements. A raw-boned Tennes- seean, passing with his family and "property" through the streets of Kaskaskia on his way to Missouri, being asked why he would not remain here rather than move further on, opened his big mouth saying : "Your 'sile' is rich and fertile, and the country is fine; but, God dern ye, a man is not allowed to own niggers here."
But to return to the subject ; it should be stated that the ordinance of 1787 was prospective only, and did not affect the condition of the French slaves or their descendants.
The Legislature of Indiana passed various acts in Sep- tember, 1807, (Illinois then forming a part of Indiana terri- tory ) by which at least a temporary and modified form of slavery was effected. Negroes were brought into the terri- tory and there hell as indentured servants. Another act provided that the owner of a person "owning" labor (i. e. a slave) may bring such person into the territory and " agree" with him before the clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in the county, upon a term of service, after the expiration of which the slave should be free. The ignorance of the poor blacks was taken advantage of, for many of them would as readily bind themselves for 99 years as for 10 or 15 years.
If an indentured slave refused to work, the owner was allowed to take him to another State or territory, i. e., to sell him to some slave trader in the south or west. Slaves under the age of 15 were held in servitude until the age of 35 or 32 according to sex. Owners had to give bond that slaves who would become free after their 40th year of age, should never become a county charge. The children of
lawfully claiming or to claim by, from or under him, them or either of them from the day of the date hereof, for and during the natural life of her, the said Ton Ton, and by these presents doth for himself, his executors and administrators fully and amply release, liberate and forever discharge her, the said Ten Ton, from all slavery, bondage and servitude whatsoever, either te him, the said Antoine Renaud, his executors or administrators, or to any other person or persons whatsoever. lawfully claiming or to claim hy, from or under him, them or either of them from the day and date hereof, for and during the natural life of her, the said Ton Ton, giving and hereby granting nnto the said Ton Ton full liberty to go and come whithersoever she shall think proper, without the least trouble, hindrance or intervention.
In witness whereof, etc., signed 22d of May, A. D. 1769. his ANTOINE X RENAUD. mark
Witnessed by Windsor Brown and Valentine Thomas Dalten.
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HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.
" registered or indentured "slaves remained in servitude until they were 28 and 30 years old, according to sex.
The records in reference to the owners of slaves or inden- tured servants set forth that there were 197 negroes and mu- lattoes regi-tered as slaves or Indentured as servants during the territorial period of the county ; the slaves owned there prior to 1807 were not mentioned. Among the slaveholders of the county, the following well-known names are found : Jesse B. Thomas, the judge; Alexander Stuart, Benjamin Stephenson, Frederick Boud, David J. Black, Ninian Edwards,* Nathaniel Pope, William and Elias Rector, James Gilbreath, William and Robert Morrison, 'Squire Garton, Elias K. Kent, Robert Shields and others. The terms of bondage and servitude vary from 8 and 10 years to 99 years. Jean Pieree was bound to Wright Pierce for 99 years when he was 19 years of age, to wit, March 8, 1811, and thus Jeau will be a free negro in 1910. Milly, a negro girl of twenty years of age was brought into the State from Kentucky, in May, 1811, and bound herself to Samuel Hall, her master, for eighty years ; she will soon be free, to wit, in 18/1. Henry Kimmel, one of those slaveholders of the ter- ritorial period was a German, while there are quite a number of Frenehmen among them Rachel, the property of Amos Chipps, reported to have been 15 years of age on the 7th of April, 1811, is still living in the county.
Colored people, who were not slaves nor bonded servants, had to procure certificates to that effect, in order to be un- molested. We introduce here a few samples, to wit :
State of North Carolina, 2 Guilford County. This is to certify that Moses Tabon, a man of color, is a free born. Let him pass and repass; his height is five feet nine inches ; in the 25th year of his age. Let him pass through North Carolina and Virginia, this 14th of June, 1805. ITis character is equal to any of his color, since he has been in the county.
JEHU BEESON, J. P.
We hereby certify that the bearer, Mary Ann, an old negro woman, was this day made free by us.
WILLIAM MORRISON, EUPIIRASIA MORRISON.
Recorded Feb. 25, 1813, at Kaskaskia, in Book M, p. 90. WILLIAM ARUNDEL, Recorder R. C.
Persons of color, whose time of indentured bondage had expired, were furnished certificates of freedom by the county authorities, in form following, to wit :
May 19th, 1819.
Diee, a negro woman, about 45 years of age, five feet seven inches high, of a stout make, a scar on her left cheek and
* The Governor seems to have been one of the principal slaveholders and slave traders in the Territory.
The Illinois Herald, in which his name as Governor con. tantly appeared attached to varions promulgationa and official doenmeats, contained a'so the following :
Notice: I have for sale 22 Slaves; among them are several of both sexes be- tween the ages of 10 and 17 years. If not sold shortly I shall wish to hire them in Missouri Territory. I have also for sale a full blooded Stud Horse; a very large Eng'i-h Bull, and several young ones.
NISIAN EDWARDS. OCTOBER 1, 1815.
The Governor, in later years, was an anti-slavery agitator.
right breast, produced to W. C. Greenup, clerk of the circuit court of Randolph county, State of Illinois, one indenture of herself to John Edgar, dated the 7th of June, 1794, for twelve years next ensuing; whereupon a certificate was granted, under the seal of the court, to her of her freedom, pursuant to the aet passed at the last session respecting free negroes, mulattoes, servants and slaves.
In other instances the freedom papers assumed the form of a deed, and as a specimen illustrating this, the following is here introduced :
Kuow all men by these presents that, whereas I, John Edgar, of Randolph county, State of Illinois, in considera- tion of the many valuable services rendered to me by my mulatto womau slave, named Celeste, originally owned by Louis Lasond and transferred by him to William Morrison, and by Morrison to Joseph Gendr. n, and by him to me, I have released and by these presents do release, manumit, set free and at full liberty the said Celeste, from and after the date hereof, forever free from my service and the service of my heirs, exceutors and administrators forever, and from the service of all other persons whomsoever, hereby exoner- ating her from all bunds of service, freely to act for herself as any other free person of color; and I do moreover, in consideration of said services rendered me by said Celeste, release, manumit, set free and at full liberty the children of the said Celeste, namely : Leonora, aged 14 years last Jan- uary ; Nerville, aged 9 years on the 4th day of July last ; Virginia, aged 6 years on the 26th day of April last ; Ilil- laire, aged 4 years last May ; Mary Louise, aged 2 years last May ; Joseph, aged 1 year last August ; and I do hereby exonerate the said children from my service and place them respectively under the control of their said mother, the males until they shall be 21 years old and the females until they shall be 18 years of age, when they shall be free to aet for themselves as fully as any other free person of color, according to law. In testimony of which, ete., ete.
Signed JOHN EDGAR. SEAL
A NEGRO CHILD SET FREE.
Know all men by these presents that I, Josephi Gendron, of Randolph county, State of Illinois, for and in considera- tion of the sum of eighty dollars to me, cash in hand, paid at and before ensealing and delivering of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, do give, grant aud forever set free my servant, named William, aged about five years, the son of Therese, formerly the servant of me the undersigned : I do therefore, for and in consideration of the sum aforesaid, manumit and set free and at full liberty from my service, from the date hereof, for ever. And I do further warrant and forever defend the liberty of the said William from myself, my heirs or assigns, or any person claiming under or by virtue of me. In witness whereof I have here- unto set my hand and seal at Kaskaskia this 6th day of De- eember, 1831.
This ' deed " is signed, witnessed, and formally acknow- ledged before James Hughes, elerk, and by him recorded. It is not stated who paid those eighty dollars, but it may be supposed that the mother paid for him.
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HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.
Sidney Breese manumitting a slave in 1834 .- Know all men by these presents, that I, Sidney Breese of Kaskaskia, Illinois, for divers good causes and considerations me there- unto moving, have and by these presents do forever manumit and set free my indentured woman Rachel, now about 43 years of age, and residing at present at Chester, Randolph county, Illinois : ard I do hereby release her from all ber obligations and covenants to me as contained iu her inden- ture assigned me by Redding B. Hering : It being under- stood that I am in no wise responsible for any of her con- tracts now or heretofore made, or hereafter to be made.
Witness my hand and seal at Chester aforesaid, this 8th day of November, 1834.
SIDNEY BREESE.
The records contain the names of many persons of color, who have their freedom papers as documentary evidence of their being born free, properly entered, even to as late a day as the 13th of April A. D. 1863. S. St. Vrain and Edmund St. Vrain appeared before R. B. Servant. jus- tice of the peace, and made oath that "Patrick " Mitchell, a colored inhabitant of the county, of bright complexion, etc., was born " free" at Kaskaskia about the year 1840, and that his mother, at the time of his birth, had been a free colored inhabitant of said county of Randolph, etc., etc.
The number of slaves, as given by the county census of 1820, was then 240. From that period their number constantly decreased, and in 1840 there were only 133 enumerated. While the system of slavery existed, however, it had all the appearances and features of this peculiar in- stitution in the southern states ..
The newspapers of the period contained the well-known advertisements of Fifty Dollars Reward, etc., etc.
The following, taken from a stray number of the Illinois Intelligencer, may serve as a sample :
Fifty Dollars Reward .- Ran away from the subscriber, on the night of the 18th ultimo, a negro man, named Charles, about 25 or 26 years of age, of large stature. He has a small piece of the left ear taken off. He stole from my desk one hundred and eighty dollars-a hundred dollar bill on the bank of Nashville, other bills not recollected. Also, a negro woman, named Peggy, the fellow's wife, ran away at the same time, near the same age. She is a common-sized, very black, and has lost the sight of one of her eyes. The above reward will be given to any person who will appre- hend the said negroes and deliver them to me at Kaskaskia. JAMES ADKINS.
The irrepressible negro may now be dismissed, for it is not the province of the chronicler of a county sketch to follow the subject of the slavery question through its various stages. The feud between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery men in Illinois was more a national affair than a county matter. Prominent men of Randolph county were found on the one side as well as on the other. The contest, fierce and bitter, ended in favor of freedom, for the people of the state defeated the scheme of the new constitutionists or
pro-slavery men by a vote of 6822 against 4950, August, 1824. Strange, however, it must appear that although the anti-slavery men were largely in the majority, the pro- slavery men elected a majority of the legislators, who elected a violent pro-slavery man, Elias Kent Kane, of Randolph county, senator of the U. S. to succeed John McClean. Thomas Mather, a member of the General Assembly from Randolph, was a decided anti-slavery agitator.
Public Roads .- As heretofore stated, the revenue of the county in territorial times did not admit of appropriations of public funds towards the making of roads and building of bridges. The supervisors of highways mentioned hereto- fre, and their assessors, had no means at their disposal barring the labor due by able-bodied residents, and it barely sufficed to keep the neighborhood roads in repair. The numerous ferries facilitated the traffic across the streams, as no substantial bridges were in existence. The want of roads to distant settlements was keenly felt, and the aid of the federal government had to be implored to open such roads. The records of the county mention the road from Kaskaskia to Prairie du Rocher, and to the place of Degagnie, as also a road to Belleville. A correspondence in reference to the opening of a road to Shawneetown was placed in the hands of the writer, from which the following facts are gleaned :
The Government of the United States appropriated, by Act of Congress, passed April 27th, 1816, the sum of $x,000 for surveying and making a road "in the Territory of Illi- nois, of which amount $1,258.51 were expended in exploring" the country from Shawneetown to Kaskaskia. The balance of the money was considered inadequate to complete the road, but deemed sufficient to clear it of timber and to bridge the worst streams, etc. The President of the U. S. appointed then Shadrach Bond, of Kaskaskia, and Leonard White, of the Wabash Saline, agents, with authority to commence the work at the two extremities and to make such distribution of the money as the nature of the road required.
Hon. W. H. Crawford, Secretary of the U. S. Treasury, addressed a letter to Shadrack Bond, then Receiver of Pub- lic Monies at Kaskaskia, on June 21, 1818, to advisehim of his appointment, closing the letter in the following sentence : You will consider yourself as authorized to advance out of the public moneys in your hands the sum, which shall be assigned for the completion of your part of the road. As the opening of this road is of great importance to the citizens of the Territory, it is expected that your charge for the super- intendence will be as moderate as possible, not exceeding your necessary expenses, and the most reasonable compensation for the loss of time, etc , etc.
A contract was then made with George Breath and David Husband, August 15. 1818, to " clear" the road 33 feet in width, to remove all the timber, etc., from Dernints in Frank- lin county to Kaskaskia, a distance of 50 miles, the work to be done by January 1st, 1819, for which they were then to receive $2,000.
The work was done and the money paid out. Ou the 20th of September, 1819, David Husband contracted for the build- ing of good and substantial bridges, across Tindall's creek,
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HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.
2 branches of Cox's creek, 1 branch of Pipestone creek, 1 branch of Rattlesnake creek, 1 branch of Beaucoup creek, 2 branches of Ell prairie and Prairie creek, and across little Muddy river ; further he contracted for the digging down the banks of all the other creeks across which the said road passed from Kaskaskia ¿ 0 miles east, and for removing all ob- structions from fallen trees and the like, etc., for all of which work Husband was to have $1,319.24, on the 1st of January, 1820.
Shadrach Bond rendered an account of his receipts and disbursements on the 20th of March, 1820, from which it appears that he had drawn $3,395.74}, (the exact one-half of the balance of the appropriation mentioned about, and that he had paid out the following amounts, to wit :
Breath and Husband $2,000 00
David Husband.
1,319 242
Blackwell and Berry, for publishing notices
3 75
Superintending the work, etc.
72 75
$3,395 741/2
The U. S. Government was not satisfied with this account, because, as Joseph Anderson, comptroller, in his letter of Shadrach Bond, dated November 29, 1821, stated, the two agents, Bond and White, should have rendered a joint ac- count, etc. Leonard White seems to have failed to render a proper account of the "moiety " placed in his hands, for the Comptroller advised Senator John McLean, February 2, 1825, that Mr. White had not accounted for one-half of said amount, and that the question had now arisen how far Shadrach Bond was liable for the other half, etc; and that in all probability suit would be brought against Bond as well as against White, as both had drawn the amount jointly.
The writer has not been able to ascertain if such suits were brought or how the matter was adjusted. Shadrach Bond however had opened a road, 33 feet wide and 50 miles long, bridging all bad streams and cutting down the banks of others for less than $3,400, or about 868 per mile, and it would have been a grievous wrong to have held him respon- sible for White's "moiety."
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
The only public building erected during this period was a jail built by Nathan Hill and Ezra Owens in 1815. It was " received " on report of George Fisher and Edgar Owens, commissioners appointed on the 3d Monday of June 1815.
The courts of the county were held for years at the va- rious taverns in Kaskaskia until November 1812, when the authorities of the county occupied the house of James Gil- breath at Kaskaskia. The court had apparently purchased this house, for on the 3d of March 1818 the clerk is in- structed to ask said Gilbreath for a deed, and on refusal, to bring suit against him.
The records of the county commissioners court from Janu- ary 10, 1810 to June 20, 1814 are missing. On this date John McFerron and George Fisher held conrt to try James Adkins indicted for cruelly beating his negro. The court fined him 84 00. Adkins filed a bill in arrest of judgment on the following reasons ; first because the law of the terri- tory does not lie for assault and battery against the master for whipping his servants, as the law gave another remedy
for unmerciful punishment : second because the master may correct his servant and not be guilty of assault and battery : third because the indictment is inconsistent as it states that the assault was committed by the defendent on his indentured servant : fourth because if the servant is abused the court are commanded to redress his cause in a summary way and not by indictment. This bill was overruled and the fine exacted.
From a report made to this court by sheriff that the revenue of the county for the year 1814 amounted to $529 - 90, tax was paid on
108 negroes 108.00
491 horses. 245-50
Stud horses 1>.50
Mansions, mills and di-tillerias 31.90
For licenses. .63.00
Single men
$529.90
It was further reported that Benjamin Stephenson, ex- sheriff, was in default with the county on account of the revenue of 1812 and 1813 to the amount of $41 .37}. The affairs of the county from 1815 to 1819 were conducted by the territorial justices, John McFerron, William Morrison, James Finney, David Anderson, Philip Fouke, George Fisher, Archibald Thompson, Antoine L. Chenett, Miles Hotchkiss and Pierce L. Compte.
A new township, Plum Creek, was formed March 1816, and is described as follows : All that part north of Spring- field township and east of the Kaskaskia river. Meanwhile the population of Randolph county or southern Illinois had increased to a considerable extent, in consequence of which the legislature had deemed it proper to organize several new countiesont of the territory of old Randolph county, to wit : Gallatin and Johnson, Sept. 14, 1812, White, December 9, 1815, Jackson, January 10, 1816, and Monroe June 1, 1816, and by doing so had reduced the county to almost its present boundary.
We find therefore, at the end of this territorial period the following six townships officered as follows :
Kaskaskia .- All that part lying between Kaskaskia and Mississippi rivers up to the point of the bluffs and up with the bluffs to Morgan's run. Shadrach Bond and Michael Smith supervisors of roads, George Fisher assessor, Dan. L. Swearingen and Miles Hotchkiss overscer of the poor.
Prairie du Rocher .- All that part of the county between the bluffs and the river, above Morgan's Run. Pierre Le- compte and l'atrick Larner, supervisors of roads ; Henry Barbeau, assessor ; Thomas Sterritt and Archibald McNabb, overseers of the poor.
Williamsburg .- All that part lying west of the Kaskaskia as far as the point of the bluffs between the Kaskaskia and the Mississippi, and up along the bluffs of the Mississippi to the county line.
Ezra Owens and Otho Leavens, supervisors ; David An- derson, assessor ; Paul Harralson and James Fulton, over- seers of the poor.
Springfield .- All that part of the county south of the road from Kaskaskia to Shawneetown and north of Mary town- ship and Nine-mile Creek. Joseph Jay and James Hughes,
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HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.
supervisors ; William Barnett, assessor; and Alexander Barber and John Clendiniu, Sen., overseers of the poor.
Matry .-- Beginning at Col. Edgar's ferry on the Kaskaskia, aloog the road leading to Harralson's ferry, until opposite to Thomas Fulton's, thenee east to the county line. William Bilderbaek and William Cochran, supervisors; Robert Tin- dall, assessor ; and G. Franklin, and Robert Tindall, over- seers of the poor.
Plum Creek .- Boundary as above. Thomas Widaman, supervisor of roads; David Anderson, assessor ; and James Patterson and James Patton, overseers of the poor.
The townships of Rocking Cave, Massac, and Mississippi were now forming counties, and are not further mentioned iu the records of Randolph county.
A short list of marriages solemnized in the county in the beginning of the latter half of the territorial period, will demonstrate better than any other evidence, that the Ameri- can population had become the predominant one as early as 1809.
EARLY MARRIAGES.
Robert Foster and Sn-an Met linton, June 29, 1809, by David Amlerson. David Johnson and Mary & runes, Sept. 14, 1810, by Robert Gaston, J. P. Thomas Betton and Susanne ( lane, det. it, Islo, by Robert Gaston, J. P. Harvey Lane and Juha Anto Hamtramck, Nov. 21, 1st, by John Edgar, J. P. John Pillo - and Peggy Gaskin. Non 2, 1810, by John Eder, J. P. Anton fognee and Therese Chamberlain, Der. IT, 1810, by Philip Funke, J. P. Rememberener Davis and Susanna Davis, Dec. 21, 2%10, by John Phelps, J. P. Thomas B. Patton and Ehzabeth Cochrain, Jan. 2. 1810, by John Me Ferron, J. P .* John Grant, aha- Jean B. Contitar, and Therese La sourie, Jan. 11. 1810, by Philip Fouke, J. P.
David D. HoHler and sally Robertson. Nov. 23, 1809, by John Bradshaw, J. P. David & otener and Fully Clay, Dee. 1, Iste, by John Bradshaw, J. P. Trans Mecown and Frances Robertson, Nov. 25, 1sop, by John Bradshaw, J. F. Henry Connor aml Elizabeth Barnett, Feb. 5, 18it, by Phihp Fonke, J. P. King Fisher and Patey Robert, Fel, 1, 1810, by John Bradshaw, .1. 1. Joseph Pausen- and Tempey Hensley, Feb. 1, Lett, by John Bradshaw, J. P. Richard Brassal amol Pattry Wen, March 13, 1810, by John Bra Ishaw. James McDaniel and Sally Blackford, March 13, lalu, by John Bradshaw. George Bare- and Khzdeth McBride, Sept. , lalu, by David Anderson. Hichard Pritchard and Jane Lower, July 5, Isto, by Robert Gaston, J. P. Jonas Ingram and Namey Marrow, Angnst 7, ISI, by Samuel Omielvany, J. P. Peter Eter and Salley Nartain, July 20, Ista, by Samuel Umekany. Robert Shays and Prnley Lackey, Angust Ini, IsIn, by S. Omnehany. Enis Sibley and Elizabeth Wilson, April 17, 18In, by George Robinson. James Chapman and Elizabeth Lethrem, May 24, 1810, by same. Robert Cox and Ehzabeth Stanley, June 12, 1810, by same. Absalom Wilson and Eliza Chapman, July 4, 1810, by same. Henry Kenyon amt Klize Letherman, Angust 12, 1810, by same. Otho Davenport and Liny Davenport, Oct. 1, 1910, by same. Framseis Garner andI Amicha Crain, Jan. 31, 1811, by John Me Ferron Judge C. C. P. Jacob Carr and Polly Henderson, Feb, 11, 1811, by James Lemon. Ralph Lee and Elizabeth Rood, Feb. 26, 1811, by Ph. Fonke. Nathan Black ford and Polly Bradberry, Sept. 6, 1810, by John Bradshaw. Zary Check and Alre Birthfield, May 19, 181, by George Hacker. John Wilson and Nellie Wallare, Jan. 28, INI, by sambel Omehvany. Elisha Browen and Patsey Riley, May 13, 18In, by John Bradshaw. Thomas Clark and Patsey Casey, May In, Ist, by John Bradshaw. Daniel Simpson and Mary Reed, Jan. 18, 1810, by Thomas Ferguson. James Sanders and Elizabeth Dreanon, March 5, - by Thomas Ferguson. Daniel Bean and Susan Barnett, July 20, Bolu, by Hamlet Ferguson. James Drake and Patsey Robertson. Aug. 23, 1810, by Hamlet Ferguson. John Alleorn and Roberta Flamary, Dec. 19, 1810, by Hamlet Ferguson. Samuel Woolsey and Matilda Thompson, Jan 11, 1810, by Thomas Ferguson. James Mames and Anne Grithth, Nov. 29, - by John Phelps. Lazaro- Turner and Musscy Bermitt, Nov. 21, 1810, by Gabriel Greathouse. Zephaniah John and Delphy Shelby, March 28, 1811, by same. Jaunes Flenang and Rachel Shelby, March 28, 1811, by same. James Wilson and Jane Andrew, March 10, 1811, by same. Marvin Fuller and Margaret Harmon, March 26, 1811, by George Hacker, I. P. Polander Kuykendale and Dolly Murry, Jannary 16, 18H, by George Hacker. Joseph Harmon and Elizabeth Ware, Feb. 14, 1811, by Marvin Fuller. John Hogan and Elender Robertson, March 11, 1811, by same.
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