Combined history of Randolph, Monroe and Perry counties, Illinois . With illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers, Part 78

Author: McDonough, J.L., & Co., Philadelphia
Publication date: 1883
Publisher: Philadelphia : J.L. McDonough & Co
Number of Pages: 578


USA > Illinois > Perry County > Combined history of Randolph, Monroe and Perry counties, Illinois . With illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers > Part 78
USA > Illinois > Randolph County > Combined history of Randolph, Monroe and Perry counties, Illinois . With illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers > Part 78
USA > Illinois > Monroe County > Combined history of Randolph, Monroe and Perry counties, Illinois . With illustrations descriptive of their scenery and biographical sketches of some of their prominent men and pioneers > Part 78


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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For many years the growth of Waterloo was slow, and it remained a place of small size and importance. The first per- manentstore was established by Emery L'eter Rogers, for many years a leading citizens of Waterloo. A young man named Ruddisill also sold goods for a time in the early history of the place. Rogers was born in Massachusetts, and eame to Illinois about the year 1816. He first taught school and then opened a small store, his stock of goods consisting of a barrel of whiskey, some tobacco, powder and lead, and a few other articles indispensable to the pioneers. This store was kept in a log building on Main street, on lot eight of Rogers' subdivision, opposite the house to which he after- ward removed, which is still standing. For some time this was the only store in the county. A store had been estab-


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HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.


lished at Harrisonville in early times, but for some years was discontinued. About the year 1826, Mr. Rogers en- larged his store, and put in a more general and complete stock of goods Ile put up a large rock building which stood where the Rogers homestead now is. Part of the building was used as a hotel. It burned down in 1843, and in its place the present brick building was erected. Ile kept the hotel until 1847, and continued the store until his death in the year 1850. He was a man of large frame, weighed about two hundred and forty pounds, was intelli- gent and well educated, and enterprising as a business man. In addition to his store, he had a carding mill and saw mill in his part of the town, and erected a number of buildings. Ile was commonly known as Peter Rogers, and his part of the town received the soubriquet of Peterstown, by which it is still known. He embarked in several outside enterprises, and had he not met with several serious disasters, such as the fire which burned his store, the loss of a barge load of tobacco in the ice, and of an investment of thirty thousand dollars in a steamboat, he would have accumulated great wealth. As it was he died in good circumstances and left a comfortable estate behind him. His first wife was Mary Miller. daughter of Michael Miller, who came from Penn- sylvania, and settled south of Waterloo about the year 1800. His second wife was Eunice Rogers, the widow of bis brother, Lemuel Rogers. His third wife, C'aroline Rob- inson, daughter of David Robinson, is still living,


Another store was started about the year 1838, by Mc- Kendree Moore, in partnership with his father, Enoch Moore, and was carried on until the death of the son in 1840. It was kept in a brick building, about fifteen by twenty-two feet in dimensions, which stood on the site of l'eter Bickelhaupts hotel, on Main street, opposite the court house. Shortly after the Moors engaged in the mercantile business, another store was started by James B. Needles (father of Thomas B. Needles, formerly State Auditor ) and John Gall. The date of its establishment was about the year 1839, and it was carried on for nearly ten years. Soon after 1840, the town began to increase in population, and in 1841 and 1842, two or three additional stores were started. Isaac Clark and Zaccheus B. Moore, opened a store on the corner of Main and Third streets, where the marble shop now is. Ferdinand Rose had a store on Main street, just south of Peterstown. Rose was afterward interested in busi- ness with John B. Frank. In 1845, there were four stores ; that of Rogers; one carried on by George Leip on the west side of Main street, corner of Mill street ; one belonging to Conrad Stroh ou the west side of Main street, father north, and one opened that year by John Frank and Major X. F. Trail. Lafayette Warnoch carried on the the mercantile business from 1848 to 1854. Among other merchants who carried on business in Waterloo previous to 1860, were John A. Reed, Napoleon Bond, George Lutz, John G. Shaeffer, Charles Heer, Henry Boedeker, M. T. and Harrison Horine, George Leip, William Moore, William Devine, Berger, David Walsh, John Borchert and Frederick Timmermann.


In 1836 the town contained not more than twenty build- ings. Beginning at the north end of the town, the brick


building still standing, the one farthest north on Main street, was occupied that year by David Nolan. He was clerk of the circuit court, a member of the bar, and died at Vandalia in 1838, while at the capital as member of the legislature. The next was a small frame house with two rooms, occupied by Catherine and Delilah Hilton, seam- stresses. The next was the residence and store of Emery Peter Rogers, and on the opposite side of the street lived Benjamin Dean. Next below on the cast : ide of the street was a log building, owned by Peter Rogers, father of Emery P. Rogers, into which Jesse Slate, the father of E. P. slate, moved on his arrival in the town from Massachusetts ia June, 1836. Opposite was the log building in which Emery P Rogers kept his first store, and which in 1836 was used as a workshop. Luke Patterson had erected this building and sold it to Rogers. On the east side of the street, further down, a man named Owens lived. The next house was the building known as the old Morrison place, a large log structure two stories in height, built by David H. Ditch, iu which in early days he kept a hotel. Next on the west side of the street was the residence of Dr. John Rogers. He was a brother of Emery P. Rogers. He had acquired a good medical education and had practiced his profession in Massachusetts some years before coming to Illinois. He came to Waterloo in 1826, and followed his profession till his death in 1858. He was the leading physiciau of the county during that period, and his practice, which extended over this county with St. Clair and Randolph, kept him busy day and night. On the east side of the street, oppo- site Dr. Rogers, was a story and a half log house, with two rooms below, used as a school-house. James Rogers, brother of Emery P., and Dr. John Rogers taught school in this building for several years. The building on Main street, the second block north of the court house, now oceu- pied by Borntraeger's store, was used as a dwelling in 1836 by Daniel Converse, who for many years filled the office of county clerk. The next house was on the north- east corner of Min and Mill streets, where Stroh's saloon now is, and in it lived Johu Coleman, He was the propri- etor of a mill which stood just east of his residence on Mill street and north of the court house. This was first built as a wind mill in 1830, or shortly afterward. Its operation as a wind mill was not very successful, the mill only running when the wind blew with a certain force. About 1837 it was changed to an ox mill. The court house in 1836 was a small two-story brick building, with the court room below and the county offices above, and stood a short distance southwest of the present structure. The Methodist church, the only one in town, stood near the site of the present church building. The southwest corner of Main and Third streets was taken up by a log building in which was kept a grocery. On the west side of Main street, below Fourth street, there was a log house in which Isaac Clark lived in 1836, but which shortly afterward was purchased by John Gall. On the west side of Main street, north of Third street, was a frame house, into which William H. Bennett moved in 1836, and on the northwest corner of Main aud Third streets was a blacksmith shop.


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HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.


The merchants of Waterloo in the year 1855 were Emery P. Rogers, John S. Borchert, M. T. Horine, Charles H. Heer, John G. Schaeffer, Conrad Stroh, Hoener & Moore, David Walsh, Martin Dunn and Vincent Sum. The latter two had small stores. The flouring mill on the site of the present Edwards and Chouteau mill was carried on in 1855 by Francis A. Gauen and Fridolin Meyer. Jobn Coleman's mill, on Mill street opposite the court house, was then running. It was at that time operated by steam, though wind and then ox power had previously been, tried. This mill was destroyed by fire in 1857. In " Peters- town" Emery P. Rogers had a saw mill, and a brewery was carried on by John Koechel.


In 1858 Jacob Miller and Valentine Briegel built a large brick mill east of the town. Its site is now included in the corporation limits. It was bought by Chouteau, Edwards & Co., and torn down in 1874. The first brewery in Waterloo was built in 1847 by John Koechel, who hegan operations in a small frame building. The original building was torn down about the year 1852, and the present brick building erected in its place. Koechel ran it till 1865, and then leased it to other parties. It was sold in January, 1882, to Michael Schorr and Henry Wilmes- meier, and is now run by Schorr. About 1858 John Her- rold started a brewery in a building, partly brick and partly frame, which stood in the southeast part of the town. It burned down in 1869. The firm of Wellier & Burch ran it for a time. A small distillery was operated by Edward Kemuff for five or six years. It stood in the south part of town.


Among the physicians who practiced in Waterloo in former years were Drs. Somerville, Harper, De Puyt Doelicht, Smith, Bull, Copp, Bollert, Whiteside, Koernel and Deming.


The German population of Waterloo began to increase rapidly after 1840. The towu has a beautiful situation on elevated ground, from which an excellent view of the sur- rounding country is obtained. The line of the bluff's is dis- tinetly visible, and beyond the Missouri hills. It is twenty- three miles from St. Louis by the St. Louis and Cairo rail- road. The population is estimated at twenty-five hundred. There are three newspapers, two English and one German. The Methodists, Baptists, Lutherans, and Catholics have churches. In addition to public school, both the Lutheraus and Catholics maintain large parochial schools, and there is a convent under the care of the Catholic sisters. A large and handsome brick public school building was erected in 1871.


TOWN GOVERNMENT.


The town of Waterloo was incorporated by aet of Legis- lature, approved in February, 1849. The charter was amended in 1855, and again in 1859. Since the latter date no amendment has been made. The town government is in the hands of a board of trustees, five in number, elected in December of each year.


The board in each case being elected in December of the year previous to that given :


First board, 1859-M. T. Horine, (president), George DePuyt, Charles Borntraeger, Adam Kumpf, and Ambrose Hoener.


1860-Harrison Horine, (president), Francis A. Gauen, Charles Borntraeger, Ambrose Hoener, and Fred Müller.


1861-Harrison Horine, (president), Francis A. Gauen, John Koechel, Charles Borntraeger, and Ambrose Hoener.


1862-Christian H. Kettler, (president), John Koechel, Charles Borntraeger, Hubert Kunster, and Henry C. Tal- bott.


1863-John Koechel, (president), Charles Borntraeger, George Gauen, Christian Johusch, and Henry C. Talbott. 1864-Hubert Konster, (president), John Koechel, Henry C. Talbott, and Christian Jobusch.


1865-Henry C. Talbott, (president), Adam Kumpf, Louis Eilbracht, H. F. Borntraeger, and James A. Kennedy.


1866-Charles Frick, ( president), Hubert Künster, Dr. A. Wetmore, John Moeller, and Adam Reis.


1867-Charles Frick, (president), Hubert Küuster, Dr. A. Wetmore, Adam Reis, and Valentine Sturtzum.


1868-Charles Frick, ( president), Dr. A. Wetmore, Ser- vais Sondag, Jacob Muller, and Valentine Sturtzum.


1869-Conrad Herchenroeder, (president), Frederick De Puyt, George L. Riess, Adam Reis, and Henry Colmar.


1870-Harrison Horine, (president), George De Puyt, Frederick De Puyt, John S. Borchert, and Stephen Heim.


1871-Christian Jobusch, (president), Stephen Keim, Anton Gatzert, George De Puyt, and Henry C. Talbott.


1872-Christian Jobusch, (president,) Stephen Keim, Anton Gatzert, George De Puyt, and Henry C. Talbott.


1873-Christian Jobusch, (president), Stephen Keim, Anton Gatzert, George De Puyt, and Henry C. Talbott.


1874-Hubert Künster, (president), George De Puyt, Anton Gatzert, George Schmitt, and Henry C. Talbott.


1875-Hubert Kunster (president ), Henry C. Talbott, Anton Gatzert, Adam Reis, and Henry Colmar.


1876-Hubert Kunster, (president), Henry C. Talbott, Anton Gatzert. George Schmitt, and Edward Borntraeger. 1877- George Schmitt, (president), Edward Borntraeger, Anton Gatzert, George C. Gauen, and Henry C. Talbott.


1878-Edward Borntraeger, (president), Anton Gatzert, George C. Gauen, Joseph W. Rickert, and Ferdinand Cavi. 1879-George C. Gauen, (president) Anton Gatzert, Jo- seph W. Rickert, Ferdinand Cavi, and Peter Bickelhanpt. 1880-Ferdinand Cavi, (president), John Moeller, Joseph W. Rickert, Peter Bickelhaupt, and George Morrison.


1881-Frederick U. Borntraeger, (president), Ferdinand Cavi, Joseph Gauen, and Peter Bickelhaupt.


1882 .- Ferdinand Cavi, (president), Peter Bickelhaupt, Charles Metzger, Philip Arras, and Henry Oldendorph.


1883-Ferdinand Cavi, (president), Peter Bickelhauph, Charles Metzger, Philip Arras, and Philip Wagner.


SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES.


Waterloo Lodge, No. 27, I. O. O. F .- The original char- ter of this lodge was granted July 14, 1847, with five charter members. After a few years the lodge ceased to work, and the charter was surrendered. It was restored May 15th,


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HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.


1880, and the lodge was re instituted June 1st of the same year. At this writing it is in successful operation.


Waterloo Encampment, No. 106, was instituted March 1st, 1881, with eleven charter members. During the year (1881), a handsome brick building was erected on Mill street, the upper part of which is owned by the Odd Fellows and is used by them for lodge purposes.


Urban Lodge, No. 1939, Knights of Honor, was instituted on the twenty-fifth of August, 1880, with seventeen charter members.


Monroe Lodge, No. 365, Order of Horuguri, was instituted Jau. 28th, 1875, with sixteen charter members.


MANUFACTURES.


The flouring mill of the Chouteau & Edwards Co is the main manufacturing establishment of Waterloo. A steam. mill was first built on the site of the present building in the year 1848, by Major Xerxes F. Trail. He ran it a couple of years, and it then passed into possession of Franeis A. Gauen and Fridolin Meyer. Gauen afterward operated it alone, and in 1865 it was purchased by the firm of Chouteau & Edwards. A company, with a capital stock of $50,000, was incorporated in July, 1877, under the name of the Chouteau & Edwards Co., the present owners. Improve- ments were made, and the present building erected in 1877. The manufacture of flour was carried on by the old methods till 1881, when the Stevens' rolls were introduced, and the machinery of the mill entirely reconstructed. The mill has a capacity of one thousand barrels per day, which, in 1883, it is proposed to increase by two hundred barrels. There are fifteen sets of double rolls, three of single rolls, and twelve run of buhrs. The produet in 1882 was about one hundred and twenty thousand barrels. The main building is six stories in height, and in area sixty by eighty-four feet. The elevator buildings have a storage capacity of eighty- five thousand bushels, and there are also extensive cooper shops in connection with the mill. The motive power is fur- nished by a Harriss-Corliss engine of twelve hundred horse- power. Forty-three men are employed in the mill, and thirty-eight in the cooper shop. Part of the product is shipped direct to the East, and the balance disposed of in St. Louis, through the commission house of Chouteau & Edwards. The officers of the company are :- President, James C. Edwards ; Vice-President, J. Gilman Chouteau ; Secretary and Treasurer, S F. Chenot.


The manufacture of plows and wagons is carried on by the firm of Oldendorph Bros., composed of George and Ja- cob Oldendorph. The business was established in 1872 The manufacture of iron-beam plows is made a specialty. Beside this firm, the manufacture of wagons is carried on to some extent by Philip Arres, Adam Kumpf and Philip Wagner ; and of carriages and buggies by Louis Teichgraber and Philip Mitchell. Henry Kemper and Mr. Mittendorf carry on the wheelwright business. Louis Wahl has a ma- chine shop for the repair and manufacture of agricultural and other machinery.


The Waterloo Marble Works were established in 1875 by the firm of M. C. Rodenberger & Co., of which M. C. Ro-


denberger and William Kestner are members. Marble and granite monuments, headstones and tablets are made and sold. The trade of the firm extends to St. Louis and to adjoining counties in Illinois. Ten hands are employed in the shop. The firm also operate a quarry, seven miles west from Waterloo, in Bluff precinct, from which limestone- said to be the linest in the State-is quarried. In the sum- mer eight men are here employed. The Monroe County Marble Works, on Mill street, were established by Henry Fischer in 1879, and have turned ont a large amount of monumental work.


J F. Gotshall Knitting Machine Manufactory, started in 1879, runs three machines ; manufactures between three and four hundred dozen pairs of socks and stockings during the season ; supplies local demand only.


BUSINESS HOUSES.


The Commercial Bank, the only one in the county, was established January 1st, 1883, and is conducted under the firm name of H. Kunster & Co., operated under articles of co-partnership, Wm. H. Hforine, jr. as Cashier, with a capital stock of $15,000.00, with the following stockholders : Hubert Kunster, Christian Jobusch, Jos. W. Rickert, William Bode, and William Erd. They have a good fire and burglar proof safe with time lock.


General Stores .- Bode and Jobuseh, Edward Borntraeger, Louis Eilbracht, George C. Gauen, Frank Ileer, Fred Joedeeke, Henry Jung, Herman Koechel, George Pinkel, Jacob Pluth, Fred Sauerhage.


Physicians .- J. P. Denning, Ingo Rothstein, A. Wet- more, F. Bock, Nicholas Soteriades, A. Wichmann.


Post Office .- HI, Kunster, P. M.


Hotels .- City Hotel, Peter Bickelhaupt ; Southern, Peter Feller.


Livery Stables .- Drury and Hilton, Daniel Stein.


Druggists -H. Kunster, L. and W. E Eiebelbracht.


Jewelers .- August Forkel, Charles F. Gauen.


Tailors and Gents' Furnishing Goods .- Becker and Ruppert, Louis Pieper.


Soda Factory .- Henry Boeke.


Lumber Yard .- George C. Gauen, R. and C. Grosse.


Hardware .- R. aud C. Grosse, Ilenry Walhaus. Brick Yards .- Ben. Hoffman, Jacob Burkhardt.


Stores and Tinware .- Frederick Klemm, John Gaerteer, jr. Agricultural Implements -Philip Zimmer, Louis Wall. Dentist -C. M. Fike.


Veterinary Surgeon .- Frederick Wagner.


Photographer .- H. Rundle.


Furniture and Undertakers .- August Siegel, Quernheim and Sons.


Saddlers .- Henry Jobusch, Mat. Schmitz, Conrad IIerch- enroeder.


Cigar Manufacturer .- Fred Linne.


Shoe Stores, also Makers .- John Braun, John Moller.


Shoemakers-Theodore Sontag, J. W. Meyer, Jacob Rodenhauser, George Schmitt.


Bakeries .- Philip Herbert, Rudolph Moltenschart.


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HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS


Brewery .- Michael Schorr.


Blacksmiths .- Adam Kumpf, Louis Mueller, Oldendorph and Bros., Henry Oldendorph, Louis Teichgraeber, Philip Wagoner, Philip Arras.


Wagon Makers .- Philip Mitchell, Herman Mittendorf, Henry Kemper.


Millinery .- Miss Elizabeth Shuell, Mrs. Mary Welch.


Carpenters and Builders -Chas. Sieber, Ferdinand Cavi, Henry Winterman.


Butchers .- Theodore Ruch, George Ruch, Anthony Ruch, Henry Fischer.


Painters .- H. W. Müller, Louis Grimmel, Louis Strubig. Plaster. - Wm. Vanhalter


Burbers .- Frank Leidenheimer, Philip Bremser.


Stores and Saloons .- George Eschenfelder, Martin Dunn.


Saloons .- Peter Bickelhaupt, Henry Bickelhaupt, Fred Borntraeger, Peter Feller, Louis Arns, Louis Bersche, Ben. Goethe, Joseph F. Gauen, Conrad Herman, John Lutz, Vincent Rapp, Peter Ray, U. H. Stroh, John Stolgenberg, Adam Weddel, Charles Wilson, Daniel Stein.


The attorneys and newspapers will be found in the chap- ters on the Bench and Bar and the Press.


BIOGRAPHIES.


HON. JOHN JANSON.


ONE of the substantial and prominent farmers of Monroe county is the subject of this sketch. His father Valentine Janson, is a native of Hesse Darmstadt. He came to America in 1838, and settled near Columbia, in Monroe county, where he engaged in farming, which vocation he followed until a few years ago when he retired, and at pres- ent he is a resident of the village of Columbia. While yet a resident of his native country he married Elizabeth Sei- bert. By that union there were seven children, six of whom are yet living. John, the subject of this sketch is the eldest. He was born near Columbia, in Monroe county, Illinois, March 17th, 1839. He grew up on his father's farm and received a limited education in the subscription schools of his neighborhood. The schools of his youth were few, and much inferior to the present ones. He being the eldest sou and of a naturally industrious disposition, his time was much occupied in assisting his father to make a home and acquire a competency. His education is therefore more the result of habits of close observation, united with a naturally strong mind than of instruction in schools, or book knowledge. He remained at home the chief assistant of his father until he reached his twenty-third year, when he commenced farm- ing for himself on land rented and belonging to his father. This arrangement continued for five years, when he pur- chased the farm, which then contained one hundred acres, and to which he has added sixty more, and there he has made his home to the present. On the 7th of October 1862, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza, daughter of John and Hannah Weilbecher. Mrs. Janson was born in St. Clair county, Illinois. There have been five sons and four daughters born to Mr and Mrs. Janson. The names in the order of their birth are John, Mary, Peter, Elizabeth, Catherine, Philip, Christian, Emma and Herman Janson. Politically Mr. Janson is a staunch Democrat, but is iu no wise a strict party man. He votes the ticket of his party in all national and State election, but in matters pertaing to


the county or local officers he votes for the best men and measures regardless of party affiliations. He is a friend of education and takes an active interest in the public schools of his neighborhood, and was school director for fourteen years. In 1882, at the earnest solicitation of his friends he consented to allow his name to go before the citizens of the county, as a candidate for the office of County Commissioner, and at the ensuing election in November following was elected by a handsome majority, and at present is serving the people in that honorable capacity.


CHRISTIAN FREDERICK HARTMANN.


THE subject of the following sketch was born in the Pro- vince of Hanover, September 3, 1835. He is the son of Louis and Louisa (Rhinehart) Hartmann. His parents came to America in 1853 and settled in St. Clair county, Illinois, and there died in 1854. His mother also died in the same county. He was a farmer in Illinois, but in Ger- many was a marble cutter. Christian `F. at the age of fourteen years was apprenticed to the shoemaking trade. He worked at it for a short time after coming to this country. In 1858 he began for himself on his portion of the farm, and remained there until in 1865, when he came to Monroe county and bought 175 acres in chain 26666, in 'T 2, R 9, and there he has made his home to the present. He also owns a farm in the Bottom. On the 15th of June, 1858, he married Miss Catherine, daughter of Matthew and Catherine Ritzel. Her parents were natives of Germany, and came to America when Mrs. Hartmann was two years of age. Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hartmann. Two died in infancy. The names of those living are Christina C., Kate, George, Caroline, Christian and Emil Hartmann. Mr. and Mrs. H. are members of the Evangelical Lutheran church. Politically he is a Republican. He is a strong advocate of good schools, and very much in favor of education.


320A


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EVANGELICAL ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, WATERLOO, ILLINOIS.


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HISTORY OF RANDOLPH, MONROE AND PERRY COUNTIES, ILLINOIS.


THE subject of the following sketch is of German nativity. He was born in the vicinity of ITIm, September 10, 1834. His father, Ernst Brey, was a native of the same place. 1Ie came of a family possessed of ample means, and being of scholastic turn of mind was educated in the University of Tuebingen, became a teacher, studied theology, and subse- quently adopted the profession of teacher of languages, which he followed until his advanced age compelled his retirement. In 1849 he emigrated to America and settled in New York. One year later he came west, to St. Louis, and there made his home, and there he continues to reside. He married Maria Regina Kroner, a native of Germany. She died in St. Louis in the year 1858. Of that union there were seven children who arrived at the age of matu- rity, four of whom are yet living. Paul C. Brey is the sec ond child and eldest son. Ife received a good education in the schools of his native country. He came with his father to America in 1849, and soon after attended one session of the public schools at Williamsburg, N. Y. At the expira- tion of the school term some friends procured for him a situation in a general retail dry goods store. He remained there in a clerical position until 1852, when, at the urgent request of his father, who had come west to St. Louis two years before, he joined him, and soon after his arrival secured a situation in a wholesale book and stationery house in St. Louis. He learned the business, and continued in it until 1857, when he came to Monroe county and settled in Burks- ville, and there opened a general store. He continued mer- chandising until 1873, when he removed to Waterloo, where 41




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