USA > Illinois > St Clair County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of St. Clair County, Volume I > Part 100
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SPRINGER, (Rev.) Francis, D.D., educator and Army Chaplain, born in Franklin County, Pa., March 19, 1810; was left an orphan at an early age, and educated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg; entered the Lutheran ministry in 1836, and, in 1839, removed to Springfield, Ill., where he preached and taught school; in 1847 became President of Hillsboro College, which, in 1852, was removed to Springfield and became Illi- nois State University, now known as Concordia Seminary. Later, he served for a time as Super- intendent of Schools for the city of Springfield, but, in September, 1861, resigned to accept the Chaplaincy of the Tenth Illinois Cavalry ; by suc- cessive resignations and appointments, held tlie positions of Chaplain of the First Arkansas Infan- try (1863-64) and Post Chaplain at Fort Smith, Ark., serving in the latter position until April, 1867, when he was commissioned Chaplain of the United States Army. This position he resigned while stationed at Fort Harker, Kan., August 23, 1867. During a considerable part of his incum- bency as Chaplain at Fort Smith, he acted as Agent of the Bureau of Refugees and Freedmen, performing important service in caring for non- combatants rendered homeless by the vicissitudes of war. After the war he served, for a time, as Superintendent of Schools for Montgomery County, Ill .; was instrumental in the founding of Carthage (Ill.) College, and was a member of
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its Board of Control at the time of his death. He was elected Chaplain of the Illinois House of Representatives at the session of the Thirty-fifth General Assembly (1887), and Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Illinois for two consecutive terms (1890-'92). He was also member of the Stephenson Post, No. 30, G. A. R., at Springfield, and served as its Chaplain from January, 1884, to his death, which occurred at Springfield, Oct. 21, 1892.
SPRINGER, William McKendree, ex-Congress- man, Justice of United States Court, was born in Sullivan County, Ind., May 30, 1836. In 1848 he removed with his parents to Jacksonville, Ill., was fitted for college in the public high school at Jacksonville, under the tuition of the late Dr. Bateman, entered Illinois College, remaining three years, when he removed to the Indiana State University, graduating there in 1858. The following year he was admitted to the bar and cominenced practice in Logan County, but soon after removed to Springfield. He entered public life as Secretary of the Constitutional Convention of 1862. In 1871-72 he represented Sangamon County in the Legislature, and, in 1874, was elected to Congress from the Thirteenth Illinois District as a Democrat. From that time until the close of the Fifty-third Congress (1895), he served in Congress continuously, and was recog- nized as one of the leaders of his party on the floor, being at the head of many important com- mittees when that party was in the ascendancy, and a candidate for the Democratic caucus nomi- nation for Speaker, in 1893. In 1894 he was the candidate of his party for Congress for the eleventh time, but was defeated by his Repub- lican opponent, James A. Connolly. In 1895 President Cleveland appointed him United States District Judge for Indian Territory.
SPRINGFIELD, the State capital, and the county-seat of Sangamon County, situated five miles south of the Sangamon River and 185 miles southwest of Chicago; is an important railway center. The first settlement on the site of the present city was made by John Kelly in 1819. On April 10, 1821, it was selected, by the first Board of County Commissioners, as the temporary county-seat of Sangamon County, the organi- zation of which had been authorized by act of the Legislature in January previous, and the name Springfield was given to it. In 1823 the selection was made permanent. The latter year the first sale of lands took place, the original site being entered by Pascal P. Enos, Elijah Iles and Thomas Cox. The town was platted about the
same time, and the name "Calhoun" was given to a section in the northwest quarter of the present city-this being the "hey-day" of the South Carolina statesman's greatest popularity-but the change was not popularly accepted, and the new name was soon dropped. It was incorpo- rated as a town, April 2, 1832, and as a city, April 6, 1840; and re-incorporated, under the general, law in 1882. It was made the State capital by act of the Legislature, passed at the session of 1837, which went into effect, July 4, 1839, and the Legislature first convened there in December of the latter year. The general surface is flat, though there is rolling ground to the west. The city has excellent water-works, a paid fire-depart- ment, six banks, electric street railways, gas and electric lighting, commodious hotels, fine churches, numerous handsome residences, beauti- ful parks, thorough sewerage, and is one of the best paved and handsomest cities in the State. The city proper, in 1890, contained an area of four square miles, but has since been enlarged by the annexation of the following suburbs: North Springfield, April 7, 1891; West Springfield, Jan. 4, 1898; and South Springfield and the village of Laurel, April 5, 1898. These additions give to the present city an area of 5.84 square miles. The population of the original city, according to the census of 1880, was 19, 743, and, in 1890, 24,963, while that of the annexed suburbs, at the last census, was 2,109-making a total of 29,072. The latest school census (1898) showed a total popu- lation of 33,375-population by census (1900), 34,159. Besides the State House, the city has a handsome United States Government Building for United States Court and post-office purposes, a county courthouse (the former State capitol). a city hall and (State) Executive Mansion. Springfield was the home of Abraham Lincoln. His former residence has been donated to the State, and his tomb and monument are in the beautiful Oak Ridge cemetery, adjoining the city. Springfield is an important coal-mining center, and has many important industries, notably a watch factory, rolling mills, and exten- sive manufactories of agricultural implements and furniture. It is also the permanent location of the State Fairs, for which extensive buildings have been erected on the Fair Grounds north of the city. There are three daily papers-two morn- ing and one evening-published here, besides various other publications, Pop. (1900), 34, 159.
SPRINGFIELD, EFFINGHAM & SOUTH- EASTERN RAILROAD. (See St. Louis, Indian- apolis & Eastern Railroad. )
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SPRINGFIELD & ILLINOIS SOUTHEAST- ERN RAILROAD. (See Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad.)
SPRINGFIELD & NORTHWESTERN RAIL- ROAD. (See Chicago, Peoria & St Louis Railroad of Illinois.)
SPRING VALLEY, an incorporated city in Bureau County, at intersection of the Chicago & Northwestern, the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, and the Toluca, Marquette & Northern Railways, 100 miles southwest of Chicago. It lies in a coal- mining region and has important manufacturing interests as well. It has two banks, electric street and interurban railways, and two news- papers. Population (1890), 3,837; (1900), 6,214.
ST. AGATHA'S SCHOOL, an institution for young ladies, at Springfield, under the patronage of the Bishop of the Episcopal Church, incorpo- rated in 1889. It has a faculty of eight teachers giving instruction in the preparatory and higher branches, including music and fine arts. It reported fifty-five pupils in 1894, and real estate valued at $15,000.
ST. ALBAN'S ACADEMY, a boys' and young men's school at Knoxville, Ill., incorporated in 1896 under the auspices of the Episcopal Church; in 1898 had a faculty of seven teachers, with forty-five pupils, and property valued at $61,100, of which $54,000 was real estate. Instruction is given in the classical and scientific branches, besides music and preparatory studies.
ST. ANNE, a village of Kankakee County, at the crossing of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railways, 60 miles south of Chicago. The town has two banks, tile and brick factory, and a weekly newspaper. Pop. (1900), 1,000.
ST. CHARLES, a city in Kane County, on both sides of Fox River, at intersection of the Chicago & Northwestern and the Chicago Great Western Railways; 38 miles west of Chicago and 10 miles south of Elgin. The river furnishes excellent water-power, which is being utilized by a number of important manufacturing enterprises. The city is connected with Chicago and many towns in the Fox River valley by interurban electric trolley lines; is also the seat of the State Home for Boys. Pop. (1890), 1,690; (1900), 2,675.
ST. CLAIR, Arthur, first Governor of the Northwest Territory, was born of titled ancestry at Thurso, Scotland, in 1734; came to America in 1757 as an ensign, having purchased his commis- sion, participated in the capture of Louisburg, Canada, in 1758, and fought under Wolfe at
Quebec. In 1764 he settled in Pennsylvania, where he amassed a moderate fortune, and be- came prominent in public affairs. He served with distinction during the Revolutionary War, rising to the rank of Major-General, and succeeding General Gates in command at Ticonderoga, but, later, was censured by Washington for his hasty evacuation of the post, though finally vindicated by a military court. His Revolutionary record, however, was generally good, and even distin- guished. He represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress, and presided over that body in 1787. He served as Governor of the Northwest Territory (including the present State of Illinois) from 1789 to 1802. As an executive he was not successful, being unpopular because of his arbitrariness. In November, 1791, he suffered a serious defeat by the Indians in the valley between the Miami and the Wabash. In this campaign he was badly crippled by the gout, and had to be carried on a litter; he was again vindicated by a Congressional investigation. His first visit to the Illinois Country was made in 1790, when he organized St. Clair County, which was named in his honor. In 1802 President Jef- ferson removed him from the governorship of Ohio Territory, of which he had continued to be the Governor after its separation from Indiana and Illinois. The remainder of his life was spent in comparative penury. Shortly before his decease, he was granted an annuity by the Penn- sylvania Legislature and by Congress. Died, at Greensburg, Pa., August 31, 1818.
ST. CLAIR COUNTY, the first county organ- ized within the territory comprised in the pres- ent State of Illinois-the whole region west of the Ohio River having been first placed under civil jurisdiction, under the name of "Illinois County," by an act of the Virginia House of Delegates, passed in October, 1778, a few months after the capture of Kaskaskia by Col. George Rogers Clark. (See Illinois; also Clark, George Rogers.) St. Clair County was finally set off by an order of Gov. Arthur St Clair, on occa- sion of his first visit to the "Illinois Country," in April, 1790-more than two years after his assumption of the duties of Governor of the Northwest Territory, which then comprehended the "Illinois Country" as well as the whole region within the present States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin. Governor St. Clair's order, which bears date, April 27, 1790, defines the boundaries of the new county-which took his own name-as follows: "Beginning at the mouth of the Little Michillimackanack River,
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running thence southerly in a direct line to the mouth of the little river above Fort Massac upon the Ohio River; thence with the said river to its junction with the Mississippi; thence up the Mississippi to the mouth of the Illinois, and so up the Illinois River to the place of beginning, witlı all the adjacent islands of said rivers, Illinois and Mississippi." The "Little Michillimackanack," the initial point mentioned in this description- also variously spelled "Makina" and "Macki- naw," the latter being the name by which the stream is now known-empties into the Illinois River on the south side a few miles below Pekin, in Tazewell County. The boundaries of St. Clair County, as given by Gov. St. Clair, indicate the imperfect knowledge of the topog- raphy of the "Illinois Country" existing in that day, as a line drawn south from the mouthi of the Mackinaw River, instead of reaching the Ohio "above Fort Massac, " would have followed the longitude of the present city of Springfield, striking the Mississippi about the northwestern corner of Jackson County, twenty-five miles west of the mouth of the Ohio. The object of Gov- ernor St. Clair's order was, of course, to include the settled portions of the Illinois Country in the new county ; and, if it had had the effect intended, the eastern border of the county would have fol- lowed a line some fifty miles farther eastward, along the eastern border of Marion, Jefferson, Franklin, Williamson and Johnson Counties, reaching the Ohio River about the present site of Metropolis City in Massac County, and embracing about one-half of the area of the present State of Illinois. For all practical purposes it embraced all the Illinois Country, as it included that por- tion in which the white settlements were located. (See St. Clair, Arthur; also Illinois Country.) The early records of St. Clair County are in the French language; its first settlers and its early civilization were French, and the first church to inculcate the doctrine of Christianity was the Roman Catholic. The first proceedings in court under the common law were had in 1796. The first Justices of the Peace were appointed in 1807, and, as there was no penitentiary, the whipping- post and pillory played an important part in the code of penalties, these punishments being in- partially meted out as late as the time of Judge (afterwards Governor) Reynolds, to "the lame, the halt and the blind," for such offenses as the lar- ceny of a silk handkerchief. At first three places-Cahokia, Prairie du Rocher and Kaskas- kia-were named as county-seats by Governor St. Clair; but Randolph County having been set off
in 1895, Cahokia became the county-seat of the older county, so remaining until 1813, when Belleville was selected as the seat of justice. At that time it was a mere cornfield owned by George Blair, although settlements had previously been established in Ridge Prairie and at Badgley. Judge Jesse B. Thomas held his first court in a log-cabin, but a rude court house was erected in 1814, and, the same year, George E. Blair estab- lished a hostelry, Joseph Kerr opened a store, and, in 1817, additional improvements were inaugurated by Daniel Murray and others, from Baltimore. John H. Dennis and the Mitchells and Wests (from Virginia) settled soon after- ward, becoming farmers and mechanics. Belle- ville was incorporated in 1819. In 1825 Governor Edwards bought the large landed interests of Etienne Personeau, a large French land-owner, ordered a new survey of the town and infused freslı life into its development. Settlers began to arrive in large numbers, mainly Virginians, who brought with them their slaves, the right to hold which was, for many years, a fruitful and perennial source of strife. Emigrants from Germany began to arrive at an early day, and now a large proportion of the population of Belleville and St. Clair County is made up of that nationality. The county, as at present organized, lies on the west- ern border of the south half of the State, inmedi- ately opposite St. Louis, and comprises some 680 square miles. Three-fourthis of it are underlaid by a vein of coal, six to eight feet thick, and about one hundred feet below the surface. Con- siderable wheat is raised. The principal towns are Belleville, East St. Louis, Lebanon and Mas- coutalı. Population of the county (1880), 61,806; (1890), 66,571; (1900), 86,685.
ST. JOHN, an incorporated village of Perry County, on the Illinois Central Railway, one mile north of Duquoin. Coal is mined and salt manu- factured here. Population about 500.
ST. JOSEPH, a village of Champaign County, on the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, 10 miles east of Champaign; las inter- urban railroad connection. Pop. (1900), 637.
ST. JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL, (Chicago), founded in 1860, by the Sisters of Charity. Having been de- stroyed in the fire of 1871, it was rebuilt in the following year. In 1892 it was reconstructed, en- larged and made thoroughly modern in its appoint- ments. It can accommodate about 250 patients. The Sisters attend to the nursing, and conduct the domestic and financial affairs. The medical staff comprises ten physicans and surgeons, among whom are some of the most eminent in Chicago.
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ST. LOUIS, ALTON & CHICAGO RAILROAD. (See Chicago & Alton Railroad.)
ST. LOUIS, ALTON & SPRINGFIELD RAIL- ROAD. (See St. Louis, Chicago & St. Paul Railroad.)
ST. LOUIS, ALTON & TERRE HAUTE RAILOAD, a corporation formerly operating an extensive system of railroads in Illinois. The Terre Haute & Alton Railroad Company (the original corporation) was chartered in January, 1851, work begun in 1852, and the main line from Terre Haute to Alton (172.5 miles) completed, March 1, 1856. The Belleville & Illinoistown branch (from Belleville to East St. Louis) was chartered in 1852, and completed between the points named in the title, in the fall of 1854. This corporation secured authority to construct an extension from Illinoistown (now East St. Louis) to Alton, which was completed in October, 1856, giving the first railroad connection between Alton & St. Louis. Simultaneously with this, these two roads (the Terre Haute & Alton and the Belleville & Illinoistown) were consolidated under a single charter by special act of the Legis- lature in February, 1854, the consolidated line taking the name of the Terre Haute, Alton & St. Louis Railroad. Subsequently the road became financially embarassed, was sold under foreclosure and reorganized, in 1862, under the name of the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad. June 1, 1867, the main line (from Terre Haute to St. Louis) was leased for niety-nine years to the Indianapolis & St. Louis Railway Company (an Indiana corporation) guaranteed by certain otlier lines, but the lease was subsequently broken by the insolvency of the lessee and some of the guarantors. The Indianapolis & St. Louis went into the hands of a receiver in 1882, and was sold under foreclosure, in July of the same year, its interest being absorbed by the Cleveland, Cin- cinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, by which the main line is now operated. The properties officially reported as remaining in the hands of the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad, June 30, 1895, beside the Belleville Branchi (14.40 miles), included the following leased and subsidi- ary lines: Belleville & Southern Illinois-"Cairo Short Line" (56.40 miles) ; Belleville & Eldorado, (50.20 miles) ; Belleville & Carondelet (17.30 miles); St. Louis Southern and branches (47.27 miles), and Chicago, St. Louis & Paducah Rail- way (53.50 miles). All these have been leased, since the close of the fiscal year 1895, to the Illi- nois Central. (For sketches of these several roads see headings of each.)
ST. LOUIS, CHICAGO & ST. PAUL RAIL- ROAD, (Bluff Line), a line running from Spring- field to Granite City, Ill., (opposite St. Louis), 102.1 miles, with a branch from Lock Haven to Grafton, Ill., 8.4 miles-total length of line in Illinois, 110.5 miles. The track is of standard gauge, laid with 56 to 70-pound steel rails .- (HIS- TORY.) The road was originally incorporated under the name of the St. Louis, Jerseyville & Springfield Railroad, built from Bates to Grafton in 1882, and absorbed by the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Company ; was surrendered by the receivers of the latter in 1886, and passed under the control of the bond-holders, by whom it was transferred to a corporation known as the St. Louis & Central Illinois Railroad Company. In June, 1887, the St. Louis, Alton & Springfield Railroad Company was organized, with power to build extensions from Newbern to Alton, and from Bates to Springfield, which was done. In October, 1890, a receiver was appointed, followed by a reorganization under the present name (St. Louis, Chicago & St. Paul). Default was made on the interest and, in June following, it was again placed in the hands of receivers, by whom it was operated until 1898. The total earnings and income for the fiscal year 1897-98 were $318,815, operating expenses, $373,270; total capitalization, $4,853,526, of which, $1,500,000 was in the form of stock and $1,235 000 in income bonds.
ST. LOUIS, INDIANAPOLIS & EASTERN RAILROAD, a railroad line 90 miles in length, extending from Switz City, Ind., to Effingham, Ill .- 56 miles being within the State of Illinois. It is of standard gauge and the track laid chiefly with iron rails .- (HISTORY.) The orginal corpo- ration was chartered in 1869 as the Springfield, Effingham & Quincy Railway Company. It was built as a narrow-gauge line by the Cincinnati, Effingham & Quincy Construction Company, which went into the hands of a receiver in 1878. The road was completed by the receiver in 1880, and, in 1885, restored to the Construction Com- pany by the discharge of the receiver. For a short time it was operated in connection with the Bloomfield Railroad of Indiana, but was reorganized in 1886 as the Indiana & Illinois Southern Railroad, and the gauge changed to standard in 1887. Having made default in the payment of interest, it was sold under foreclosure in 1890 and purchased in the interest of the bond- holders. by whom it was conveyed to the St. Louis, Indianapolis & Eastern Railroad Company, in whose name the line is operated. Its business
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is limited, and chiefly local. The total earnings in 1898 were $65,583 and the expenditures $69,112. Its capital stock was $740,900; bonded debt, $978,000, other indebtedness increasing the total capital investment to $1,816,736.
ST. LOUIS, JACKSONVILLE & CHICAGO RAILROAD. (See Chicago & Alton Railroad.)
ST. LOUIS, JERSEYVILLE & SPRINGFIELD RAILROAD. (See St. Louis, Chicago & St. Paul Railroad.)
ST. LOUIS, MOUNT CARMEL & NEW AL- BANY RAILROAD. (See Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis (Consolidated) Railroad.)
ST. LOUIS, PEORIA & NORTHERN RAIL- WAY, known as "Peoria Short Line," a corpo- ration organized, Feb. 29, 1896, to take over and unite the properties of the St. Louis & Eastern, the St. Louis & Peoria and the North and South Railways, and to extend the same due nortlı from Springfield to Peoria (60 miles), and thence to Fulton or East Clinton, Ill., on the Upper Mis- sissippi. The line extends from Springfield to Glen Carbon (84.46 miles), with trackage facilities over the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad and the Merchants' Terminal Bridge (18 miles) to St. Louis .- (HISTORY.) This road has been made up of three sections or divisions. (1) The initial section of the line was constructed under the name of the St. Louis & Chicago Railroad of Illinois, incorporated in 1885, and opened from Mount Olive to Alhambra in 1887. It passed into the hands of a receiver, was sold under fore- closure in 1889, and reorganized, in 1890, as the St. Louis & Peoria Railroad. The St. Louis & East- ern, chartered in 1889, built the line from Glen Carbon to Marine, which was opened in 1893; the following year, bought the St. Louis & Peoria line, and, in 1895, constructed the link (8 miles) between Alhambra and Marine. (3) The North & South Railroad Company of Illinois, organized in 1890, as successor to the St. Louis & Chicago Railway Company, proceeded in the construction of the line (50.46 miles) from Mt. Olive to Spring- field, which was subsequently leased to the Chi- cago, Peoria & St. Louis, then under the management of the Jacksonville, Louisville & St. Louis Railway. The latter corporation having defaulted, the property passed into the hands of a receiver. By expiration of the lease in Decem- ber, 1896, the property reverted to the proprietary Company, which took possession, Jan. 1, 1896. The St. Louis & Southeastern then bought the line outright, and it was incorporated as a part of the new organization under the name of the St. Louis, Peoria & Northern Railway, the North
& South Railroad going out of existence. In May, 1899, the St. Louis, Peoria & Northern was sold to the reorganized Chicago & Alton Railroad Company, to be operated as a short line between Peoria & St. Louis.
ST. LOUIS, ROCK ISLAND & CHICAGO RAILROAD. (See Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad.)
ST. LOUIS SOUTHERN RAILROAD, a line running from Pinckneyville, Ill., via Murphys- boro, to Carbondale. The company is also the lessee of the Carbondale & Shawneetown Rail- road, extending from Carbondale to Marion, 17.5 miles-total, 50.5 miles. The track is of standard gauge and laid with 56 and 60-pound steel rails. The company was organized in August, 1886, to succeed to the property of the St. Louis Coal Rail- road (organized in 1879) and the St. Louis Central Railway; and was leased for 980 years from Dec. 1, 1886, to the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad Company, at an annual rental equal to thirty per cent of the gross earnings, with a mini- mum guarantee of $32,000, which is sufficient to pay the interest on the first mortgage bonds. During the year 1896 this line passed under lease from the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Rail- road Company, into the hands of the Illinois Central Railroad Company.
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