USA > Illinois > St Clair County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of St. Clair County, Volume I > Part 111
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July 22, the day following the defeat of the Union army at Bull Run, President Lincoln called for 500,000 more volunteers. Governor Yates im- mediately responded with an offer to the War Department of sixteen more regiments (thirteen of infantry and three of cavalry), and a battalion of artillery, adding, that the State claimed it as her right, to do her full share toward the preser- vation of the Union. Under supplemental author- ity, received from the Secretary of War in August, 1861, twelve additional regiments of in- fantry and five of cavalry were raised, and, by De- cember, 1861, the State had 43,000 volunteers in the field and 17,000 in camps of instruction. Other calls were made in July and August, 1862, each for 300,000 men. Illinois' quota, under both calls, was over 52,000 men, no regard being paid to the fact that the State had already furnished 16,000 troops in excess of its quotas under previ- ous calls. Unless this number of volunteers was raised by September 1, a draft would be ordered. The tax was a severe one, inasmuch as it would fall chiefly upon the prosperous citizens, the float- ing population, the idle and the extremely poor having already followed the army's march, either as soldiers or as camp-followers. But recruiting was actively carried on, and, aided by liberal bounties in many of the counties, in less than a fortnight the 52,000 new troops were secured, the volunteers coming largely from the substantial classes - agricultural, mercantile, artisan and professional. By the end of December, fifty-nine regiments and four batteries had been dispatched to the front, besides a considerable number to fill up regiments already in the field, which had suf- fered severely from battle, exposure and disease. At this time, Illinois had an aggregate of over 135,000 enlisted men in the field. The issue of President Lincoln's preliminary proclamation of emancipation, in September, 1862, was met by a storm of hostile criticism from his political opponents, who-aided by the absence of so large a proportion of the loyal population of the State in the field-were able to carry the elec- tions of that year. Consequently, when the Twenty-third General Assembly convened in regular session at Springfield, on Jan. 5, 1863, a large majority of that body was not only opposed to both the National and State administrations, but avowedly opposed to the further prosecution of the war under the existing policy. The Leg- islature reconvened in June, but was prorogued by Governor Yates. Between Oct. 1, 1863, and July 1, 1864, 16,000 veterans re-enlisted and 37,000 new volunteers were enrolled; and, by the
date last mentioned, Illinois had furnished to the Union army 244,496 men, being 14,596 in ex- cess of the allotted quotas, constituting fifteen per cent of the entire population. These were comprised in 151 regiments of infantry, 17 of cavalry and two complete regiments of artillery, besides twelve independent batteries. The total losses of Illinois organizations, during the war, has been reported at 34,834, of which 5,874 were killed in battle, 4,020 died from wounds, 22,786 from disease and 2,154 from other causes-being a total of thirteen per cent of the entire force of the State in the service. The part which Illinois played in the contest was conspicuous for patriot- ism, promptness in response to every call, and the bravery and efficiency of its troops in the field-reflecting honor upon the State and its his- tory. Nor were its loyal citizens-who, while staying at home, furnished moral and material support to the men at the front-less worthy of praise than those who volunteered. By uphold- ing the Government-National and State-and by their zeal and energy in collecting and sending forward immense quantities of supplies-surgical, medical and other-often at no little sacrifice, they contributed much to the success of the Union arms. (See also Camp Douglas; Camp Douglas Conspiracy; Secret Treasonable Soci- eties.)
WAR OF THE REBELLION (HISTORY OF ILLI- NOIS REGIMENTS). The following is a list of the various military organizations mustered into the service during the Civil War (1861-65), with the terms of service and a summary of the more important events in the history of each, while in the field:
SEVENTH INFANTRY. Illinois having sent six regiments to the Mexican War, by courtesy the numbering of the regiments which took part in the war for the Union began with number Seven. A number of regiments which responded to the first call of the President, claimed the right to be recognized as the first regiment in the field, but the lionor was finally accorded to that organized at Springfield by Col. John Cook, and hence his regiment was numbered Seventh. It was mustered into the service, April 25, 1861, and remained at Mound City during the three months' service, the period of its first enlistment. It was subsequently reorganized and mustered for the three years' service, July 25, 1861, and was engaged in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Cherokee, Allatoona Pass, Salkahatchie Swamp, Bentonville and Columbia. The regi- ment re-enlisted as veterans at Pulaski, Tenn.,
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Dec. 22, 1863; was mustered out at Louisville, July 9, 1865, and paid off and discharged at Springfield, July 11.
EIGHTH INFANTRY. Organized at Springfield, and mustered in for three months' service, April 26, 1861, Richard J. Oglesby of Decatur, being appointed Colonel. It remained at Cairo during its term of service, when it was mustered out. July 25, 1861, it was reorganized and mustered in for three years' service. It participated in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Port Gibson, Thompson Hill, Raymond, Champion Hill, Vicks- burg, Brownsville, and Spanish Fort; re-enlisted as veterans, March 24, 1864; was mustered out at Baton Rouge, May 4, 1866, paid off and dis- charged, May 13, having served five years.
NINTH INFANTRY. Mustered into the service at Springfield, April 26, 1861, for the term of three months, under Col. Eleazer A. Paine. It was reorganized at Cairo, in August, for three years, being composed of companies from St. Clair, Madison, Montgomery, Pulaski, Alexander and Mercer Counties; was engaged at Fort Donel- son, Shiloh, Jackson (Tenn.), Meed Creek Swamps, Salem, Wyatt, Florence, Montezuma, Athensand Grenada. The regiment was mounted, March 15, 1863, and so continued during the remainder of its service. Mustered out at Louis- ville, July 9, 1865.
TENTH INFANTRY. Organized and mustered into the service for three months, on April 29, 1861, at Cairo, and on July 29, 1861, was mustered into the service for three years, with Col. James D. Morgan in command. It was engaged at Sykeston, New Madrid, Corinth, Missionary Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw, Chattalioochie, Savannah and Bentonville. Re- enlisted as veterans, Jan. 1, 1864, and mustered out of service, July 4, 1865, at Louisville, and received final discharge and pay, July 11, 1865, at Chicago.
ELEVENTH INFANTRY. Organized at Spring- field and mustered into service, April 30, 1861, for three months. July 30, the regiment was mustered out, and re-enlisted for three years' service. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Tallahatcliie, Vicksburg, Liver- pool Heights, Yazoo City, Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. W. H. L. Wallace, afterwards Brigadier-General and killed at Shiloh, was its first Colonel. Mustered out of service, at Baton Rouge, July 14, 1865; paid off and discharged at Springfield.
TWELFTH INFANTRY. Mustered into service for three years, August 1, 1861; was engaged at
Columbus, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Lay's Ferry, Rome Cross Roads, Dallas, Kenesaw, Nickajack Creek, Bald Knob, Decatur, Ezra Church, Atlanta, Allatoona and Goldsboro. On Jan. 16, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veter- ans. John McArthur was its first Colonel, suc. ceeded by Augustus L. Chetlain, both being promoted to Brigadier-Generalships. Mustered out of service at Louisville, Ky., July 10, 1865, and received final pay and discharge, at Spring- field, July 18.
THIRTEENTH INFANTRY. One of the regiments organized under the act known as the "Ten Regi- ment Bill"; was mustered into service on May 24, 1861, for three years, at Dixon, with John B. Wyman as Colonel; was engaged at Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Jackson, Mis- sionary Ridge, Rossville and Ringgold Gap. Mustered out at Springfield, June 18, 1864, hav- ing served three years and two months.
FOURTEENTH INFANTRY. One of the regiments raised under the "Ten Regiment Bill," whichi anticipated the requirements of the General Government by organizing, equipping and dril- ling a regiment in each Congressional District in the State for thirty days, unless sooner required for service by the United States. It was mustered in at Jacksonville for three years, May 25, 1861, under command of John M. Palmer as its first Colonel; was engaged at Shiloh, Corinth, Meta- mora, Vicksburg, Jackson, Fort Beauregard and Meridian; consolidated with the Fifteenth Infan- try, as a veteran battalion (both regiments hav- ing enlisted as veterans), on July 1, 1864. In October, 1864, tlie major part of the battalion was captured by General Hood and sent to Andersonville. The remainder participated in the "March to the Sea," and through the cam- paign in the Carolinas. In the spring of 1865 the battalion organization was discontinued, both regiments liaving been filled up by recruits. Tlie regiment was mustered out at Fort Leaven- worth, Kan., Sept. 16, 1865; and arrived at Springfield, Ill., Sept. 22, 2865, where it received final payment and discharge. The aggregate number of men who belonged to this organization was 1,980, and the aggregate mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, 480. During its four years and four months of service, the regiment marched 4,490 miles, traveled by rail, 2,330 miles, and, by river, 4,490 miles-making an aggregate of 11,670 miles.
FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. Raised under the "Ten Regiment Act," in the (then) First Congressional District; was organized at Freeport, and mus-
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tered into service, May 24, 1861. It was engaged at Sedalia, Shiloh, Corinth, Metamora Hill, Vicksburg, Fort Beauregard, Champion Hill, Allatoona and Bentonville. In March, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, in July, 1864, was consolidated with the Fourteenth Infan- try as a Veteran Battalion. At Big Shanty and Ackworth a large portion of the battalion was captured by General Hood. At Raleigh the Veteran Battalion was discontinued and the Fifteenth reorganized. From July 1, to Sept. 1, 1865, the regiment was stationed at Forts Leaven- worth and Kearney. Having been mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, it was sent to Springfield for final payment and discharge-having served four years and four months. Miles marched, 4,299; miles by rail, 2,403, miles by steamer, 4,310; men enlisted from date of organization, 1,963; strength at date of muster-out, 640.
SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. Organized and mus- tered into service at Quincy under the "Ten-Regi- ment Act," May 24, 1861. The regiment was engaged at New Madrid, Tiptonville, Corinth, Buzzards' Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Chattahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Savannah, Columbia, Fayetteville, Averysboro and Bentonville. In 'December, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans; was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 8, 1865, after a term of service of four years and three months, and, a week later, arrived at Spring- field, where it received its final pay and discharge papers.
SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. Mustered into the service at Peoria, Ill., on May 24, 1861; was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Greenfield (Ark.), Shiloh, Corinth, Hatchie and Vicksburg. In May, 1864, the term of enlistment having expired, the regiment was ordered to Springfield for pay and discharge. Those men and officers who re-enlisted, and those whose term had not expired, were consolidated with the Eighth Infan- try, which was mustered out in the spring of 1866.
EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. Organized under the provisions of the "Ten Regiment Bill," at Anna, and mustered into the service on May 28, 1861, the term of enlistment being for three years. The regiment participated in the capture of Fort McHenry, and was actively engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and Corinth. It was mustered out at Little Rock, Dec. 16, 1865, and Dec. 31, thereafter, arrived at Springfield, Ill., for pay- ment and discharge. The aggregate enlistments in the regiment, from its organization to date of discharge (rank and file), numbered 2,043.
NINETEENTH INFANTRY. Mustered into the United States service for three years, June 17, 1861, at Chicago, embracing four companies which had been accepted under the call for three months' men; participated in the battle of Stone River and in the Tullahoma and Chatta- nooga campaigns; was also engaged at Davis' Cross Roads, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge and Resaca. It was mustered out of service on July 9, 1864, at Chicago. Originally consisting of nearly 1,000 men, besides a large number of recruits received during the war, its strength at the final muster-out was less than 350.
TWENTIETH INFANTRY. Organized, May 14, 1861, at Joliet, and June 13, 1861, and mustered into the service for a term of three years. It participated in the following engagements, bat- tles, sieges, etc .: Fredericktown (Mo.), Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Thompson's Planta- tion, Champion Hills, Big Black River, Vicks- burg, Kenesaw Mountain and Atlanta. After marching through the Carolinas, the regiment was finally ordered to Louisville, where it was mustered out, July 16, 1865, receiving its final discharge at Chicago, on July 24.
TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY. Organized under the "Ten Regiment Bill," from the (then) Sev- enth Congressional District, at Mattoon, and mustered into service for three years, June 28, 1861. Its first Colonel was U. S. Grant, who was in command until August 7, when he was com- missioned Brigadier-General. It was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Corinth, Perryville, Mur- freesboro, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Jonesboro, Franklin and Nashville. The regiment re-enlisted as veterans, at Chattanooga, in February, 1864. From June, 1864, to December, 1865, it was on duty in Texas. Mustered out at San Antonio, Dec. 16, 1865, and paid off and discharged at Springfield, Jan. 18, 1866.
TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. Organized at Belleville, and mustered into service, for three years, at Caseyville, Ill., June 25, 1861; was engaged at Belmont, Charleston (Mo.), Sikestown, Tiptonville, Farmington, Corinth, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church, and all the battles of the Atlanta campaign, except Rocky Face Ridge. It was mustered out at Springfield, July 7, 1864, the vet- erans and recruits, whose term of service had not expired, being consolidated with the Forty-second Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteers.
TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. The organization of the Twenty-third Infantry Volunteers com- menced, at Chicago, under the popular name of
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the "Irish Brigade," immediately upon the opening of hostilities at Sumter. The formal muster of the regiment, under the command of Col. James A. Mulligan, was made, June 15, 1861, at Chicago, wlien it was occupying barracks known as Kane's brewery near the river on West Polk Street. It was early ordered to North- ern Missouri, and was doing garrison duty at Lexington, when, in September, 1861, it surren- dered with the rest of the garrison, to the forces under the rebel General Price, and was paroled. From Oct. 8, 1861, to June 14, 1862, it was detailed to guard prisoners at Camp Douglas. Thereafter it participated in engagements in the Virginias, as follows: at South Fork, Greenland Gap, Phi- lippi, Hedgeville, Leetown, Maryland Heights, Snicker's Gap, Kernstown, Cedar Creek, Win- chester, Charlestown, Berryville, Opequan Creek, Fisher's Hill, Harrisonburg, Hatcher's Run and Petersburg. It also took part in the siege of Richmond and the pursuit of Lee, being present at the surrender at Appomattox. In January and February, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, at Greenland Gap, W. Va. In August, 1864, the ten companies of the Regiment, then numbering 440, were consolidated into five com- panies and designated, "Battalion, Twenty-third Regiment, Illinois Veteran Volunteer Infantry." The regiment was thanked by Congress for its part at Lexington, and was authorized to inscribe Lexington upon its colors. (See also Mulligan, James A.)
TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY, (known as the First Hecker Regiment). Organized at Chicago, with two companies-to-wit: the Union Cadets and the Lincoln Rifles-from the three months' service, in June, 1861, and mustered in, July 8, 1861. It participated in the battles of Perryville, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain and other engagements in the Atlanta campaign. It was mustercd out of service at Chicago, August 6, 1864. A fraction of the regi- ment, which had been recruited in the field, and whose term of service had not expired at the date of muster-out, was organized into one company and attached to the Third Brigade, First Divi- sion, Fourteenthi Army Corps, and mustered out at Camp Butler, August 1, 1865.
TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. Organized from the counties of Kankakee, Iroquois, Ford, Vermil- ion, Douglas, Coles, Champaign and Edgar, and mustered into service at St. Louis, August 4, 1861. It participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, in the siege of Corinth, the battle of Kenesaw Moun-
tain, the siege of Atlanta, and innumerable skir- mishes; was mustered out at Springfield, Sept. 5, 1864. During its three years' service the regi- ment traveled 4,962 miles, of whichi 3,252 were on foot, the remainder by steamboat and railroad.
TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. Mustered into serv- ice, consisting of seven companies, at Springfield, August 31, 1861. On Jan. 1, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans. It was authorized by the commanding General to inscribe upon its ban- ners "New Madrid"; "Island No. 10;" "Farming- ton;" "Siege of Corinth;" "Iuka;" "Corinth- 3d and 4th, 1862;" "Resaca;" "Kenesaw ;" "Ezra Church;" "Atlanta;" "Jonesboro;" "Griswold- ville;" "McAllister ;" "Savannah;" "Columbia," and "Bentonville." It was mustered out at Louisville, July 20, 1865, and paid off and discharged, at Springfield, July 28-the regiment having marched, during its four years of service, 6,931 miles, and fought twenty-eight hard battles, besides innumerable skirmishes.
TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. First organized, with only seven companies, at Springfield, August 10, 1861, and organization completed by the addition of three more companies, at Cairo, on September 1. It took part in the battle of Bel- mont, the siege of Island No. 10, and the battles of Farmington, Nashville, Murfreesboro, Chicka- mauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Calhoun, Adairsville, Dallas, Pine Top Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain, as well as in the investment of Atlanta; was relieved from duty, August 25, 1864, while at the front, and mustered out at Springfield, September 20. Its veterans, with the recruits whose term of serv- ice had not expired, were consolidated with the Ninth Infantry.
TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. Composed of companies from Pike, Fulton, Schuyler, Mason, Scott and Menard Counties; was organized at Springfield, August 15, 1861, and mustered into service for three years. It participated in the battles of Shiloh and Metamora, the siege of Vicksburg and the battles of Jackson, Mississippi, and Fort Beauregard, and in the capture of Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely and Mobile. From June, 1864, to March, 1866, it was stationed in Texas, and was mustered out at Brownsville. in that State, March 15, 1866, having served four years and seven months. It was discharged, at Springfield, May 13, 1866.
TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. Mustered into serv- ice at Springfield, August 19, 1861, and was engaged at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the sieges of Corinth, Vicksburg and Mobile. Eight
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companies were detailed for duty at Holly Springs, and were there captured by General Van Dorn, in December, 1862, but were exchanged, six months later. In January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, from June, 1864, to November, 1865, was on duty in Texas. It was mustered out of service in that State, Nov. 6, 1865, and received final discharge on November 28.
THIRTIETH INFANTRY. Organized at Spring- field, August 28, 1861; was engaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, tlie siege of Corinth, Medan Station, Raymond, Champion Hills, the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, Big Shanty, Atlanta, Savannah, Pocotaligo, Orangeburg, Columbia, Cheraw, and Fayetteville; mustered out, July 17, 1865, and received final payment and discharge at Springfield, July 27, 1865.
THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY. Organized at Cairo, and there mustered into service on Sept. 18, 1861; was engaged at Belmont, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the two expeditions against Vicks- burg, at Thompson's Hill, Ingram Heights, Ray- mond, Jackson, Champion Hill, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Lovejoy Station and Jonesboro; also participated in the "March to the Sea" and took part in the battles and skir- mishes at Columbia, Cheraw, Fayetteville and Bentonville. A majority of the regiment re- enlisted as veterans in March, 1864. It was mustered out at Louisville, July 19, 1865, and finally discharged at Springfield, July 23.
THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. Organized at Springfield and mustered into service, Dec. 31, 1861. By special authority from the War Depart- ment, it originally consisted of ten companies of infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery. It was engaged at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, in the sieges of Corinth and Vicksburg, and in the battles of La Grange, Grand Junction, Metamora, Harrison- burg, Kenesaw Mountain, Nickajack Creek, Allatoona, Savannah, Columbia, Cheraw and Bentonville. In January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and, in June, 1865, was ordered to Fort Leavenworth. Mustered out there, Sept. 16, 1865, and finally discharged at Springfield.
THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. Organized and mus- tered into service at Springfield in September, 1861; was engaged at Fredericktown (Mo.), Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, the assault and siege of Vicksburg, siege of Jackson, Fort Esperanza, and in the expedition against Mobile. The regiment veteranized at Vicksburg. Jan. 1, 1864; was mustered out, at the same point, Nov. 24, 1865, and finally discharged at Spring-
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field, Dec. 6 and 7, 1865. The aggregate enroll- ment of the regiment was between 1,900 and 2,000.
THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. Organized at Springfield, Sept. 7, 1861; was engaged at Shiloh, Corinth, Murfreesboro, Rocky Face Ridge, Re- saca, Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, and, after participating in the "March to the Sea" and through the Carolinas, took part in the battle of Bentonville. After the surrender of Johnston, the regiment went with Sherman's Army to Washington, D. C., and took part in the grand review, May 24, 1865; left Washington, June 12, and arrived at Louisville, Ky., June 18, where it was mustered out, on July 12; was dis- charged and paid at Chicago, July 17, 1865.
THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. Organized at De- catur on July 3, 1861, and its services tendered to the President, being accepted by the Secretary of War as "Col. G. A. Smith's Independent Regi- ment of Illinois Volunteers," on July 23, and mustered into service at St. Louis, August 12. It was engaged at Pea Ridge and in the siege of Corinth, also participated in the battles of Perry- ville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas and Kenesaw. Its final muster-out took place at Springfield, Sept. 27, 1864, the regiment having marched (exclusive of railroad and steamboat transportation) 3,056 miles.
THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. Organized at Camp Hammond, near Aurora, Ill., and mustered into service, Sept. 23, 1861, for a term of three years. The regiment, at its organization, numbered 965 officers and enlisted men, and had two companies of Cavalry ("A" and "B"), 186 officers and men. It was engaged at Leetown, Pea Ridge, Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, the siege of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Jones- boro, Franklin and Nashville. Mustered out, Oct. 8. 1865, and disbanded, at Springfield, Oct. 27, having marched and been transported, during its term of service, more than 10,000 miles.
THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. Familiarly known as "Fremont Rifles"; organized in August, 1861, and mustered into service, Sept. 18. The regi- ment was presented with battle-flags by the Chi- cago Board of Trade. It participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Neosho, Prairie Grove and Chalk Bluffs, the siege of Vicksburg, and in the battles of Yazoo City and Morgan's Bend. In October, 1863, it was ordered to the defense of the frontier along the Rio Grande; re-enlisted as
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