USA > Illinois > St Clair County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of St. Clair County, Volume I > Part 69
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of the Constitution of 1848, which he assisted in framing as a Delegate from Morgan County. In 1851 he was made State Trustee of the Illinois Central Railroad, which office he held until his death. He was always an uncompromising antagonist of slavery and a leading supporter of Governor Coles in opposition to the plan to secure a pro-slavery Constitution in 1824. His personal and political integrity was recognized by all parties. From 1828 to 1853 Judge Lockwood was a citizen of Jacksonville, where he proved him- self an efficient friend and patron of Illinois Col- lege, serving for over a quarter of a century as one of its Trustees, and was also influential in securing several of the State charitable institu- tions there. His later years were spent at Batavia, where he died, April 23, 1874, in the 85th year of his age.
LODA, a village of Iroquois County, on the Chicago Division of the Illinois Central Railway, 4 miles north of Paxton. The region is agricul- tural, and the town has considerable local trade. It also has a bank and one weekly paper. Population (1880), 635; (1890), 598; (1900), 668.
LOGAN, Cornelius Ambrose, physician and diplomatist, born at Deerfield, Mass., August 6, 1836, the son of a dramatist of the same name; was educated at Auburn Academy and served as Medical Superintendent of St. John's Hospital, Cincinnati, and, later, as Professor in the Hos- pital at Leavenworth, Kan. In 1873 he was appointed United States Minister to Chili, after- wards served as Minister to Guatemala, and again (1881) as Minister to Chili, remaining until 1883. He was for twelve years editor of "The Medical Herald," Leavenworth, Kan., and edited the works of his relative, Gen. John A. Logan (1886), besides contributing to foreign medical publi- cations and publishing two or three volumes on medical and sanitary questions. Resides in Chicago.
LOGAN, John, physician and soldier, was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, Dec. 30, 1809; at six years of age was taken to Missouri, his family settling near the Grand Tower among the Shaw- nee and Delaware Indians. He began business as clerk in a New Orleans commission house, but returning to Illinois in 1830, engaged in the blacksmith trade for two years; in 1831 enlisted in the Ninth Regiment Illinois Militia and took part in the Indian troubles of that year and the Black Hawk War of 1832, later being Colonel of the Forty-fourth Regiment State Militia. At the close of the Black Hawk War he settled in Carlinville, and having graduated in medicine,
engaged in practice in that place until 1861. At the beginning of the war he raised a company for the Seventh Illinois Volunteers, but the quota being already full, it was not accepted. He was finally commissioned Colonel of the Thirty- second Illinois Volunteers, and reported to Gen- eral Grant at Cairo, in January, 1862, a few weeks later taking part in the battles of Forts Henry and Donelson. Subsequently he had command of the Fourth Division of the Army of the Ten- nessee under General Hurlbut. His regiment lost heavily at the battle of Shiloh, he himself being severely wounded and compelled to leave the field. In December, 1864, he was discharged with the brevet rank of Brigadier-General. In 1866 Colonel Logan was appointed by President Johnson United States Marshal for the Southern District of Illinois, serving until 1870, when he resumed the practice of his profession at Carlin- ville. Originally a Democrat, he became a Republican on the organization of that party, serving as a delegate to the first Republican State Convention at Bloomington in 1856. He was a man of strong personal characteristics and an earnest patriot. Died at his home at Carlinville, August 24, 1885.
LOGAN, John Alexander, soldier and states- man, was born at old Brownsville, the original county-seat of Jackson County, Ill., Feb. 9, 1826, the son of Dr. John Logan, a native of Ireland and an early immigrant into Illinois, where he attained prominence as a public man. Young Logan volunteered as a private in the Mexican War, but was soon promoted to a lieutenancy, and afterwards became Quartermaster of his regiment. He was elected Clerk of Jackson County in 1849, but resigned the office to prose- cute his law studies. Having graduated fromn Louisville University in 1851, he entered into partnership with his uncle, Alexander M. Jenk- ins; was elected to the Legislature as a Democrat in 1852, and again in 1856, having been Prosecut- ing Attorney in the interim. He was chosen a Presidential Elector on the Democratic ticket in 1856, was elected to Congress in 1858, and again in 1860, as a Douglas Democrat. During the special session of Congress in 1861, he left his seat, and fought in the ranks at Bull Run. In September, 1861, he organized the Thirty-first Regiment Illinois Infantry, and was commis- sioned by Governor Yates its Colonel. His mili- tary career was brilliant, and he rapidly rose to be Major-General. President Johnson tendered him the mission to Mexico, which he declined. In 1866 he was elected as a Republican to Con-
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gress for the State-at-large, and acted as one of the managers in the impeachment trial of the President; was twice re-elected and, in 1871, was chosen United States Senator, as he was again in 1879. In 1884 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Presidential nomination at the Republican Convention in Chicago, but was finally placed on the ticket for the Vice-Presidency with James G. Blaine, the ticket being defeated in November following. In 1885 he was again elected Senator, but died during his term at Washington, Dec. 26, 1886. General Logan was the author of "The Great Conspiracy" and of "The Volunteer Soldier of America." In 1897 an equestrian statue was erected to his memory on the Lake Front Park in Chicago.
LOGAN, Stephen Trigg, eminent Illinois jurist, was born in Franklin County, Ky., Feb. 24, 1800; studied law at Glasgow, Ky., and was admitted to the bar before attaining his majority. After practicing in his native State some ten years, in 1832 he emigrated to Illinois, settling in Sanga- mon County, one year later opening an office at Springfield. In 1835 he was elevated to the bench of the First Judicial Circuit; resigned two years later, was re-commissioned in 1839, but again resigned. In 1842, and again in 1844 and 1846, he was elected to the General Assem- bly; also served as a member of the Consti- tutional Convention of 1847. Between 1841 and 1844 he was a partner of Abraham Lin- coln. In 1854 he was again cliosen a member of the lower house of the Legislature, was a delegate to the Republican National Conven- tion in 1860, and, in 1861, was commissioned by Governor Yates to represent Illinois in the Peace Conference, which assembled in Wash- ington. Soon afterward he retired to private life. As an advocate his ability was widely recognized. Died at Springfield, July 17, 1880.
LOGAN COUNTY, situated in the central part of the State, and having an area of about 620 square miles. Its surface is chiefly a level or moderately undulating prairie, with some high ridges, as at Elkhart. Its soil is extremely fertile and well drained by numerous creeks. Coal- mining is successfully carried on. The other staple products are corn, wheat, oats, hay, cattle and pork. Settlers began to locate in 1819-22, and the county was organized in 1839, being originally cut off from Sangamon. In 1840 a portion of Tazewell was added and, in 1845, a part of De Witt County. It was named in honor of Dr. John Logan, father of Senator John A. Logan. Postville was the first county-seat, but,
in 1847, a change was made to Mount Pulaski, and, later, to Lincoln, which is the present capi- tal. Population (1890), 25,489; (1900), 28,680.
LOMBARD, a village of Dupage County, on the Chicago & Great Western and the Chicago & Northwestern Railways. Population (1880), 378; (1890), 515; (1900), 590.
LOMBARD UNIVERSITY, an institution at Galesburg under control of the Universalist denomination, founded in 1851. It has prepara- tory, collegiate and theological departments. The collegiate department includes both classical and scientific courses, with a specially arranged course of three years for young women, who con- stitute nearly half the number of students. The University has an endowment of $200,000, and owns additional property, real and personal, of the value of $100,000. In 1898 it reported a fac- ulty of thirteen professors, with an attendance of 191 students.
LONDON MILLS, a village and railway station of Fulton County, on the Fulton Narrow Gauge and Iowa Central Railroads, 19 miles southeast of Galesburg. The district is agricultural; the town has two banks and a weekly newspaper; fine brick clay is mined. Pop. (1900), 528.
LONG, Stephen Harriman, civil engineer, was born in Hopkinton, N. H., Dec. 30, 1784; gradu- ated at Dartmouth College in 1809, and, after teaching some years, entered the United States Army in December, 1814, as a Lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers, acting as Assistant Professor of Mathematics at West Point; in 1816 was trans- ferred to the Topographical Engineers with the brevet rank of Major. From 1818 to 1823 he had charge of explorations between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, and, in 1823-24, to the sources of the Mississippi. One of the highest peaks of the Rocky Mountains was named in his honor. Between 1827 and 1830 he was employed as a civil engineer on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and from 1837 to 1840, as Engineer- in-Chief of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, in Georgia, where he introduced a system of curves and a new kind of truss bridge afterwards gener- ally adopted. On the organization of the Topo- graphical Engineers as a separate corps in 1838, he became Major of that body, and, in 1861, chief, with the rank of Colonel. An account of his first expedition to the Rocky Mountains (1819-20) by Dr. Edwin James, was published in 1823, and the following year appeared "Long's Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's River, Lake of the Woods, Etc." He was a member of the Ameri- can Philosophical Society and the author of the
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first original treatise on railroad building ever published in this country, under the title of "Railroad Manual" (1829). During the latter days of his life his home was at Alton, Ill., where he died, Sept. 4, 1864. Though retired from active service in June, 1863, he continued in the discharge of important duties up to his death.
LONGENECKER, Joel M., lawyer, was born in Crawford County, Ill., June 12, 1847; before reaching his eighteenth year lie enlisted in the Fifth Illinois Cavalry, serving until the close of the war. After attending the high school at Robinson and teaching for some time, he began the study of law and was admitted to the bar at Olney in 1870; served two years as City Attorney and four (1877-81) as Prosecuting Attorney, in the latter year removing to Chicago. Here, in 1884, he be- came the assistant of Luther Laflin Mills in the office of Prosecuting Attorney of Cook County, retaining that position with Mr. Mills' successor, Judge Grinnell. On the promotion of the latter to the bench, in 1886, Mr. Longenecker succeeded to the office of Prosecuting Attorney, continuing in that position until 1892. While in this office he conducted a large number of important crimi- nal cases, the most important, perhaps, being the trial of the murderers of Dr. Cronin, in which he gained a wide reputation for skill and ability as a prosecutor in criminal cases.
LOOMIS, (Rev.) Hubbell, clergyman and edu- cator, was born in Colchester, Conn., May 31, 1775; prepared for college in the common schools and at Plainfield Academy, in his native State, finally graduating at Union College, N. Y., in 1799-having supported himself during a con- siderable part of his educational course by manual labor and teaching. He subsequently studied theology, and, for twenty-four years, served as pastor of a Congregational church at Willington, Conn., meanwhile fitting a number of young men for college, including among them Dr. Jared Sparks, afterwards President of Har- vard College and author of numerous historical works. About 1829 his views on the subject of baptism underwent a change, resulting in his uniting himself with the Baptist Church. Com- ing to Illinois soon after, he spent some time at Kaskaskia and Edwardsville, and, in 1832, located at Upper Alton, where he became a prominent factor in laying the foundation of Shurtleff Col- lege, first by the establishment of the Baptist Seminary, of which he was the Principal for several years, and later by assisting, in 1835, to secure the charter of the college in which the seminary was merged. His name stood first on
the list of Trustees of the new institution, and, in proportion to his means, he was a liberal con- tributor to its support in the period of its infancy. The latter years of his life were spent among his books in literary and scientific pursuits. Died at Upper Alton, Dec. 15, 1872, at the advanced age of nearly 98 years .- A son of his-Prof. Elias Loomis-an eminent mathematician and natural- ist, was the author of "Loomis' Algebra" and other scientific text-books, in extensive use in the colleges of the country. He held professorships in various institutions at different times, the last being that of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in Yale College, from 1860 up to his death in 1889.
LORIMER, William, Member of Congress, was born in Manchester, England, of Scotch parent- age, April 27, 1861; came with his parents to America at five years of age, and, after spending some years in Michigan and Ohio, came to Chi- cago in 1870, where he entered a private school. Having lost his father by death at twelve years of age, he became an apprentice in the sign-paint- ing business; was afterwards an employé on a street-railroad, finally engaging in the real-estate business and serving as an appointee of Mayor Roche and Mayor Washburne in the city water department. In 1892 he was the Republican nominee for Clerk of the Superior Court, but was defeated. Two years later he was elected to the Fifty-fonrth Congress from the Second Illinois District, and re-elected in 1896, as he was again in 1898. His plurality in 1896 amounted to 26,736 votes.
LOUISVILLE, the county-seat of Clay County ; situated on the Little Wabash River and on the Springfield Division of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad. It is 100 miles south- southeast of Springfield and 7 miles north of Flora; has a courthouse, three churches, a high school, a savings bank and two weekly news- papers. Population (1890), 637; (1900), 646.
LOUISVILLE, EVANSVILLE & NEW AL- BANY RAILROAD. (See Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis (Consolidated) Railroad.)
LOUISVILLE, EVANSVILLE & ST. LOUIS (Consolidated) RAILROAD. The length of this entire line is 358.55 miles, of which nearly 150 miles are operated in Illinois. It crosses the State from East St. Louis to Mount Carmel, on the Wabash River. Within Illinois the system uses a single track of standard gauge, laid with steel rails on white-oak ties. The grades are usually light, although, as the line leaves the Mississippi bottom, the gradient is about two per cent or 105.6 feet per mile. The total capitalization
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(1898) was $18,236,246, of which $4,247,909 was in stock and $10,568,350 in bonds .- (HISTORY.) The original corporation was organized in both Indi- ana and Illinois in 1869, and the Illinois section of the line opened from Mount Carmel to Albion (18 miles) in January, 1873. The Indiana division was sold under foreclosure in 1876 to the Louis- ville, New Albany & St. Louis Railway Com- pany, while the Illinois division was reorganized in 1878 under the name of the St. Louis, Mount Carmel & New Albany Railroad. A few months later the two divisions were consolidated under the name of the former. In 1881 this line was again consolidated with the Evansville, Rockport & Eastern Railroad (of Indiana), taking the name of the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis Railroad. In 1889, by a still further consolidation, it absorbed several short lines in Indiana and Illi- nois-those in the latter State being the Illinois & St. Louis Railroad and Coal Company, the Belleville, Centralia & Eastern (projected from Belleville to Mount Vernon) and the Venice & Carondelet-the new organization assuming the present name-Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis (Consolidated) Railroad.
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LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD, a corporation operating an extensive system of railroads, chiefly south of the Olio River and extending through Kentucky and Tennessee into Indiana. The portion of the line in Illinois (known as the St. Louis, Evansville & Nashville line) extends from East St. Louis to the Wabash River, in White County (133.64 miles), with branches from Belleville to O'Fallon (6.07 miles), and from McLeansboro to Shawneetown (40.7 miles)-total, 180.41 miles. The Illinois Divi- sion, though virtually owned by the operating line, is formally leased from the Southeast & St. Louis Railway Company, whose corporate exist- ence is merely nominal. The latter company acquired title to the property after foreclosure in November, 1880, and leased it in perpetuity to the Louisville & Nashville Company. The total earnings and income of the leased line in Illinois, for 1898, were $1,052,789, and the total expendi- tures (including $47,198 taxes) were $657,125.
LOUISVILLE & ST. LOUIS RAILWAY. (See Jacksonville & St. Louis Railway.)
LOVEJOY, Elijah Parish, minister and anti- slavery journalist, was born at Albion, Maine, Nov. 9, 1802-the son of a Congregational minis- ter. He graduated at Waterville College in 1826, came west and taught school in St. Louis in 1827, and became editor of a Whig paper there in 1829. Later, he studied theology at Princeton
and was licensed as a Presbyterian minister in 1833. Returning to St. Louis, he started "The Observer"-a religious weekly, which condemned slave-holding. Threats of violence from the pro-slavery party induced him to remove his paper, presses, etc., to Alton, in July, 1836. Three times within twelve months his plant was de- stroyed by a mob. A fourth press having been procured, a number of his friends agreed to pro- tect it from destruction in the warehouse where it was stored. On the evening of Nov. 7, 1837, a mob, having assembled about the building, sent one of their number to the roof to set it on fire. Lovejoy, with two of his friends, stepped outside to reconnoiter, when he was shot down by parties in ambush, breathing his last a few minutes later. His death did much to strengthen the anti-slavery sentiment north of Mason and Dixon's line. His party regarded him as a martyr, and his death was made the text for many impassioned and effective appeals in oppo- sition to an institution which employed moboc- racy and murder in its efforts to suppress free discussion. (See Alton Riots.)
LOVEJOY, Owen, clergyman and Congressman, was born at Albion, Maine, Jan. 6, 1811. Being the son of a clergyman of small means, he was thrown upon his own resources, but secured a collegiate education, graduating at Bowdoin College. In 1836 he removed to Alton, Ill., join- ing his brother, Elijah Parish Lovejoy, who was conducting an anti-slavery and religious journal there, and whose assassination by a pro-slavery mob he witnessed the following year. (See Alton Riots and Elijah P. Lovejoy.) This tragedy induced him to devote his life to a crusade against slavery. Having previously begun the study of theology, he was ordained to the minis- try and officiated for several years as pastor of a Congregational church at Princeton. In 1847 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Constitu- tional Convention on the "Liberty" ticket, but, in 1854, was elected to the Legislature upon that issue, and earnestly supported Abraham Lincoln for United States Senator. Upon his election to the Legislature he resigned his pastorate at Princeton, his congregation presenting him with a solid silver service in token of their esteem. In 1856 lie was elected a Representative in Congress by a majority of 7,000, and was re-elected for three successive terms. As an orator he had few equals in the State, while his courage in the support of his principles was indomitable. In the campaigns of 1856, '58 and '60 he rendered valuable service to the Republican party, as he
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did later in upholding the cause of the Union in Congress. He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 25, 1864.
LOVINGTON, a village of Moultrie County, on the Terre Haute-Peoria branch of the Vandalia Line and the Bement & Altamont Division of the Wabash Railway, 23 miles southeast of Decatur. · The town has two banks, a newspaper, water- works, electric lights, telephones and volunteer fire department. Pop. (1890), 767; (1900), 815.
LUDLAM, (Dr.) Reuben, physician and author, was born at Camden, N. J., Oct. 11, 1831, the son of Dr. Jacob Watson Ludlam, an eminent phy- sician who, in his later years, became a resident of Evanston, Ill. The younger Ludlam, having taken a course in an academy at Bridgeton, N. J., at sixteen years of age entered upon the study of medicine with his father, followed by a course of lectures at the University of Pennsyl- vania, where he graduated, in 1852. Having removed to Chicago the following year, he soon after began an investigation of the homœopathic system of medicine, which resulted in its adop- tion, and, a few years later, had acquired such prominence that, in 1859, he was appointed Pro- fessor of Physiology and Pathology in the newly established Hahnemann Medical College in the city of Chicago, with which he continued to be connected for nearly forty years. Besides serving as Secretary of the institution at its inception, he had, as early as 1854, taken a position as one of the editors of "The Chicago Homœopath," later being editorially associated with "The North American Journal of Homœopathy," published in New York City, and "The United States Medical and Surgical Journal" of Chicago. He also served as President of numerous medical associ- ations, and, in 1877, was appointed by Governor Cullom a member of the State Board of Health, serving, by two subsequent reappointments, for a period of fifteen years. In addition to his labors as a lecturer and practitioner, Dr. Ludlam was one of the most prolific authors on professional lines in the city of Chicago, besides numerous monographs on special topics, having produced a "Course of Clinical Lectures on Diphtheria" (1863); "Clinical and Didactic Lectures on the Diseases of Women" (1871), and a translation from the French of "Lectures on Clinical Medi- cine" (1880). The second work mentioned is recognized as a valuable text-book, and has passed through seven or eight editions. A few years after his first connection with the Hahne- mann Medical College, Dr. Ludlam became Pro- fessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and, on the
death of President C. S. Smith, was chosen President of the institution. Died suddenly from heart disease, while preparing to perform a surgi- cal operation on a patient in the Hahnemann Medical College, April 29, 1899.
LUNDY, Benjamin, early anti-slavery journal- ist, was born in New Jersey of Quaker par- entage; at 19 worked as a saddler at Wheeling, Va., where he first gained a practical knowledge of the institution of slavery; later carried on business at Mount Pleasant and St. Clairsville, O., where, in 1815, he organized an anti-slavery association under the name of the "Union Humane Society," also contributing anti-slavery articles to "The Philanthropist," a paper pub- lished at Mount Pleasant. Removing to St. Louis, in 1819, he took a deep interest in the con- test over the admission of Missouri as a slave State. Again at Mount Pleasant, in 1821, he began the issue of "The Genius of Universal Emancipation," a monthly, which he soon removed to Jonesbor- ough, Tenn., and finally to Baltimore in 1824, when it became a weekly. Mr. Lundy's trend towards colonization is shown in the fact that he made two visits (1825 and 1829) to Hayti, with a view to promoting the colonization of emanci- pated slaves in that island. Visiting the East in 1828, lie made the acquaintance of William Lloyd Garrison, who became a convert to his views and a firm ally. The following winter he was as- ' saulted by a slave-dealer in Baltimore and nearly killed; soon after removed his paper to Washing- ton and, later, to Philadelphia, where it took the name of "The National Enquirer," being finally merged into "The Pennsylvania Freeman." In 1838 his property was burned by the pro-slavery mob which fired Pennsylvania Hall, and, in the following winter, he removed to Lowell, La Salle Co., Ill., with a view to reviving liis paper there, but the design was frustrated by his early death, which occurred August 22, 1839. The paper. lowever, was revived by Zebina Eastman under the name of "Tlie Genius of Liberty," but was re- moved to Chicago, in 1842, and issued under the name of "The Western Citizen." (See Eastman, Zebina. )
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