USA > Illinois > St Clair County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of St. Clair County, Volume I > Part 89
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RANTOUL, a city in Champaign County, at the junction of the main line of the Illinois Cen- tral Railroad, with its West Lebanon and Leroy branch, 14 miles north-northeast of Champaign and 114 miles south by west of Chicago. It has a national bank, seven churches, opera house, graded school, two weekly papers, machine shops, flouring and flax mills, tile factories, and many handsome residences. Pop. (1900), 1,207.
RASLE, Sebastian, a Jesuit missionary, born in France, in 1658; at his own request was attached to the French missions in Canada in 1689, and, about 1691 or '92, was sent to the Illi- nois Country, where he labored for two years, traveling much and making a careful study of the Indian dialects. He left many manuscripts descriptive of his journeyings and of the mode of life and character of the aborigines. From Illi- nois he was transferred to Norridgewock, Maine, where he prepared a dictionary of the Abenaki language in three volumes, which is now pre- served in the library of Harvard College. His influence over his Indian parishioners was great, and his use of it, during the French and Indian War, so incensed the English colonists in Massa- chusetts that the Governor set a price upon his head. On August 12, 1724, he was slain, with seven Indian chiefs who were seeking to aid lıis escape, during a night attack upon Norridge- wock by a force of English soldiers from Fort Richmond, his mutilated body being interred the next day by the Indians. In 1833, the citizens of Norridgewock erected a monument to lis mem- ory on the spot where he fell.
RASTER, Herman, journalist, was born in Ger- many in 1828; entered journalism and came to America in 1851, being employed on German papers in Buffalo and New York City; in 1867 accepted the position of editor-in-chief of "The Chicago Staats Zeitung," which he continued to
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till until June, 1890, when he went to Europe for the benefit of his health, dying at Dresden, July 24, 1891. While employed on papers in this country during the Civil War, he acted as the American correspondent of papers at Berlin, Bremen, Vienna, and other cities of Central Europe. He served as delegate to both State and National Conventions of the Republican party, and, in 1869, received from President Grant the appointment of Collector of Internal Revenue for the Chicago District, but, during the later years of his life, cooperated with the Democratic party.
RAUCH, John Henry, physician and sanitary expert, born in Lebanon, Pa., Sept. 4, 1828, and graduated in medicine at the University of Penn- sylvania, in 1849. The following year he removed to Iowa, settling at Burlington. He was an active member of the Iowa State Medical Society, and, in 1851, prepared and published a "Report on the Medical and Economic Botany of Iowa," and, later, made a collection of ichthyologic remains of the Upper Mississippi and Missouri for Professor Agassiz. From 1857 to 1860 lie filled the chair of Materia Medica and Medical Botany at Rush Medical College, Chicago, occupying the same position in 1859 in the Chicago College of Pharmacy, of which he was one of the organ- izers. During the Civil War he served, until 1864, as Assistant Medical Director, first in the Army of the Potomac, and later in Louisiana, being brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel at the close of the struggle. Returning to Chicago, he aided in reorganizing the city's health service, and, in 1867, was appointed a member of the new Board of Health and Sanitary Inspector, serving until 1876. The latter year he was chosen President of the American Public Health Association, and, in 1877, a member of the newly created State Board of Health of Illinois, and elected its first President. Later, he became Secretary, and con -. tinued in that office during his connection with the Board. In 1878-79 he devoted much attention to the yellow-fever epidemic, and was instru- mental in the formation of the Sanitary Council of the Mississippi, and in securing the adoption of a system of river inspection by the National Board of Health. He was a member of many scientific bodies, and the author of numerous monographs and printed addresses, chiefly in the domain of sanitary science and preventive med- icine. Among them may be noticed "Intra- mural Interments and Their Influence on Health and Epidemics," "Sanitary Problems of Chi- cago," "Prevention of Asiatic Cholera in North
America," and a series of reports as Secretary of the State Board of Health. Died, at Lebanon, Pa., March 24, 1894.
RAUM, (Gen.) Green Berry, soldier and author, was born at Golconda, Pope County, Ill., Dec. 3, 1829, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1853, but, three years later, removed with his family to Kansas. His Free-State proclivities rendering him obnoxious to the pro-slavery party there, he returned to Illinois in 1857, settling at Harrisburg, Saline County. Early in the Civil War he was commissioned a Major in the Fifty- sixth Illinois Volunteers, was subsequently pro- moted to a · Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and, later, advanced to a Brigadier-Generalship, resigning his commission at the close of the war (May 6, 1865). He was with Rosecrans in the Mississippi campaign of 1862, took a conspicuous part in the battle of Corinth, participated in the siege of Vicksburg and was wounded at Missionary Ridge. He also rendered valuable service during the Atlanta campaign, keeping lines of communi- cation open, re-enforcing Resaca and repulsing an attack by General Hood. He was with Sherman in the "March to the Sea," and with Hancock, in the Shenandoah Valley, when the war closed. In 1866 General Raum became President of the pro- jected Cairo & Vincennes Railroad, an enterprise of which he had been an active promoter. He was elected to Congress in 1866 from the South- ern Illinois District (then the Thirteenth), serv- ing one term, and the same year presided over the Republican State Convention, as he did again in 1876 and in 1880-was also a delegate to the National Conventions at Cincinnati and Chicago the last two years just mentioned. From August 2, 1876, to May 31, 1883, General Raum served as Commissioner of Internal Revenue at Washing- ton, in that time having superintended the col- lection of $800,000,000 of revenue, and the disbursement of $30,000,000. After retiring from the Commissionership, he resumed the practice of law in Washington. In 1889 he was appointed Commissioner of Pensions, remaining to the close of President Harrison's administration, when he removed to Chicago and again engaged in practice. During the various political cam- paigns of the past thirty years, his services have been in frequent request as a campaign speaker, and he has canvassed a number of States in the interest of the Republican party. Besides his official reports, he is author of "The Existing Conflict Between Republican Government and Southern Oligarchy" (Washington, 1884), and 3 number of magazine articles.
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RAUM, John, pioneer and early legislator, was born in Hummelstown, Pa., July 14, 1793, and died at Golconda, Ill., March 14, 1869. Having received a liberal education in his native State, the subject of this sketch settled at Shawneetown, Ill., in 1823, but removed to Golconda, Pope County, in 1826. He had previously served three years in the War of 1812, as First Lieutenant of the Sixteenth Infantry, and, while a resident of Illinois, served in the Black Hawk War of 1832 as Brigade Major. He was also elected Senator from the District composed of Pope and Johnson Counties in the Eighth General Assembly (1833), as successor to Samuel Alexander, who liad resigned. The following year he was appointed Clerk of the Circuit Court of Pope County, and was also elected Clerk of the County Court the same year, holding both offices for many years, and retaining the County Clerkship up to his death, a period of thirty-five years. He was married March 22, 1827, to Juliet C. Field, and was father of Brig .- Gen. Green B. Raum, and Maj. John M. Raum, both of whom served in the volunteer army from Illinois during the Civil War.
RAWLINS, John Aaron, soldier, Secretary of War, was born at East Galena, Feb. 13, 1831, the son of a small farmer, who was also a charcoal- burner. The son, after irregular attendance on the district schools and a year passed at Mount Morris Academy, began the study of law. He was admitted to the bar at Galena in 1854, and at once began practice. In 1857 he was elected City Attorney of Galena, and nominated on the Doug- las electoral ticket in 1860. At the outbreak of the Civil War he favored, and publicly advocated, coercive measures, and it is said that it was partly through his influence that General Grant early tendered his services to the Government. He served on the staff of the latter from the time General Grant was given command of a brigade until the close of the war, most of the time being its chief, and rising in rank, step by step, until, in 1863, he became a Brigadier-General, and, in 1865, a Major-General. His long service on the staff of General Grant indicates the estimation in which he was held by his chief. Promptly on the assumption of the Presidency by General Grant, in March, 1869, he was appointed Secre- tary of War, but consumption had already obtained a hold upon his constitution, and he sur- vived only six months, dying in office, Sept. 6, 1869.
RAY, Charles H., journalist, was born at Nor- wich, Chenango County, N. Y., March 12, 1821;
came west in 1843, studied medicine and began practice at Muscatine, Iowa, afterwards locating in Tazewell County, Ill., also being associated, for a time, with the publication of a temperance paper at Springfield. In 1847 he removed to Galena, soon after becoming editor of "The Galena Jeffersonian," a Democratic paper, with which he remained until 1854. He took strong ground against the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, and, at the session of the Legislature of 1855, served as Secretary of the Senate, also acting as corre- spondent of "The New York Tribune"; a few months later became associated with Joseph Medill and John C. Vaughan in the purchase and inanagement of "The Chicago Tribune, " Dr. Ray assuming the position of editor-in-chief. Dr. Ray was one of the most trenchant and powerful writers ever connected with the Illinois press, and his articles exerted a wide influence during the period of the organization of the Republican party, in which he was an influential factor. He was a member of the Convention of Anti-Neb- raska editors held at Decatur, Feb. 22, 1856, and served as Chairman of the Committee on Reso- lutions. (See Anti-Nebraska Editorial Conven- tion.) At the State Republican Convention held at Bloomington, in May following, lie was appointed a member of the State Central Com- mittee for that year; was also Canal Trustee by appointment of Governor Bissell, serving from 1857 to 1861. In November, 1863, he severed his connection with "The Tribune" and engaged in oil speculations in Canada which proved finan- cially disastrous. In 1865 he returned to the paper as an editorial writer, remaining only for a short time. In 1868 he assumed the management of "The Chicago Evening Post," with which he remained identified until his death, Sept. 23, 1870.
RAY, Lyman Beecher, ex-Lieutenant-Gov- ernor, was born in Crittenden County, Vt., August 17, 1831; removed to Illinois in 1852, and has since been engaged in mercantile business in this State. After filling several local offices he was elected to represent Grundy County in the lower house of the Twenty-eighth General Assembly (1872), and, ten years later, was chosen State Senator, serving from 1883 to 1887, and being one of the recognized party leaders on the floor. In 1888, he was elected Lieutenant-Gov- ernor on the Republican ticket, his term expiring in 1893. His home is at Morris, Grundy County.
RAY, William H., Congressman, was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., Dec. 14, 1812; grew to manhood in his native State, receiving a limited
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education; in 1834 removed to Rushville, Ill., engaging in business as a merchant and, later, as a banker; was a member of the first State Board of Equalization (1867-69), and, in 1872, was elected to Congress as a Republican, representing his District from 1873 to 1875. Died, Jan. 25, 1881.
RAYMOND, a village of Montgomery County, on the St. Louis Division of the Wabash Railway, 50 miles southwest of Decatur; has electric lights, some manufactures and a weekly paper. Con- siderable coal is mined here and grain and fruit grown in the surrounding country. Population (1880), 543; (1890), 841; (1900), 906.
RAYMOND, (Rev.) Miner, D.D., clergyman and educator, was born in New York City, August 29, 1811, being descended from a family of Huguenots (known by the name of "Rai- monde"), who were expelled from France on account of their religion. In his youth he learned the trade of a shoemaker with his father, at Rensselaerville, N. Y. He united with the Methodist Episcopal Church at the age of 17, later taking a course in the Wesleyan Academy at Wilbraham, Mass., where he afterwards became a teacher. In 1838 he joined the New England Conference and, three years later, began pastoral work at Worcester, subsequently occu- pying pulpits in Boston and Westfield. In 1848, on the resignation of Dr. Robert Allyn (after- wards President of McKendree College and of the Southern Illinois Normal University at Carbon- dale), Dr. Raymond succeeded to the principalship of the Academy at Wilbraham, remaining there until 1864, when he was elected to the chair of systematic theology in the Garrett Biblical Insti- tute at Evanston, Ill., his connection with the latter institution continuing until 1895, when he resigned. For some three years of this period he served as pastor of the First Methodist Church at Evanston. His death occurred, Nov. 25, 1897.
REAVIS, Logan Uriah, journalist, was born in the Sangamon Bottom, Mason County. Ill., March 26, 1831; in 1855 entered the office of "The Beardstown Gazette," later purchased an interest in the paper and continued its publication under the name of "The Central Illinoian," until 1857, when he sold out and went to Nebraska. Return- ing, in 1860, he repurchased his old paper and conducted it until 1866, when he sold out for the last time. The remainder of his life was devoted chiefly to advocating the removal of the National Capital to St. Louis, which he did by lectures and the publication of pamphlets and books on the subject; also published a "Life of Horace
Greeley," another of General Harney, and two or three other volumes. Died in St. Louis, April 25, 1889.
RECTOR, the name of a prominent and influ- ential family who lived at Kaskaskia in Terri- torial days. According to Governor Reynolds, who has left the most detailed account of them in his "Pioneer History of Illinois," they consisted of nine brothers and four daughters, all of whom were born in Fauquier County, Va., some of them emigrating to Ohio, while others came to Illinois, arriving at Kaskaskia in 1806. Reynolds describes them as passionate and impulsive, but possessed of a high standard of integrity and a chivalrous and patriotic spirit .- William, the oldest brother, and regarded as the head of the family, became a Deputy Surveyor soon after coming to Illinois, and took part in the Indian campaigns between 1812 and 1814. In 1816 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Illinois, Mis- souri and Arkansas, and afterwards removed to St. Louis .- Stephen, another of the brothers, was a Lieutenant in Captain Moore's Company of Rangers in the War of 1812, while Charles commanded one of the two regiments organized by Governor Edwards, in 1812, for the expedition against the Indians at the head of Peoria Lake. -Nelson, still another brother, served in the same expedition on the staff of Governor Edwards. Stephen, already mentioned, was a member of the expedition sent to strengthen Prairie du Chien in 1814, and showed great cour- age in a fight with the Indians at Rock Island. During the same year Nelson Rector and Captain Samuel Whiteside joined Col. Zachary Taylor (afterwards President) in an expedition on the Upper Mississippi, in which they came in conflict with the British and Indians at Rock Island, in which Captain Rector again displayed the cour- age so characteristic of his family. On the 1st of March, 1814, while in charge of a surveying party on Saline Creek, in Gallatin County, according to Reynolds, Nelson was ambushed by the Indians and, though severely wounded, was carried away by his horse, and recovered .- Elias, another mem- ber of the family, was Governor Edwards' first Adjutant-General, serving a few months in 1809, when lie gave place to Robert Morrison, but was reappointed in 1810, serving for more than three years .- Thomas, one of the younger members, had a duel with Joshua Barton on "Bloody Island." sometime between 1812 and 1814, in which he killed his antagonist. (See Duels.) A portion of this historic family drifted into Arkan- sas, where they became prominent, one of their
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descendants serving as Governor of that State during the Civil War period.
RED BUD, a city in Randolph County, on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, some 37 miles soutlı- southeast of St. Louis, and 21 miles south of Belle- ville: has a carriage factory and two flouring mills, electric lights, a hospital, two banks, five churches, a graded school and a weekly news- paper. Pop. (1890), 1,176; (1900), 1,169.
REEVES, Owen T., lawyer and jurist, was born in Ross County, Olio, Dec. 18, 1829; gradu- ated at the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Dela- ware, in 1850, afterwards serving as a tutor in that institution and as Principal of a High School at Chillicothe. In 1854 lie came to Bloom- ington, Ill., and, as a member of the School Board, assisted in reorganizing the school system of that city; also lias served continuously, for over 40 years, as one of the Trustees of the Illi- nois Wesleyan University, being a'part of the time President of the Board. In the meantime, he had begun the practice of law, served as City Attorney and member of the Board of Supervis- ors. July 1, 1862, he enlisted in the Seventieth Illinois Volunteers (a 100-days' emergency regi- ment), was elected Colonel and mustered out, with his comniand, in October, 1862. Colonel Reeves was subsequently connected with the construction of the Lafayette, Bloomington & Mississippi Railroad (now a part of the Illinois Central), and was also one of the founders of the Law Department of the Wesleyan University. In 1877 he was elected to the Circuit bencli, serv- ing continuously, by repeated re-elections, until 1891-during the latter part of liis incumbency being upon the Appellate bench.
REEVES, Walter, Member of Congress and lawyer, was born near Brownsville, Pa., Sept. 25, 1848; removed to Illinois at 8 years of age and was reared on a farm; later became a teacher and lawyer, following his profession at Streator ; in 1894 lie was nominated by the Republicans of the Eleventh District for Congress, as successor to the Hon. Thomas J. Henderson, and was elected, receiving a majority over tliree competitors. Mr. Reeves was re-elected in 1896, and again in 1898.
REFORMATORY, ILLINOIS STATE, a prison for the incarceration of male offenders under 21 years of age, who are believed to be susceptible of reformation. It is the successor of the "State Reform School," which was created by act of the Legislature of 1867, but not opened for the admission of inmates until 1871. It is located at Pontiac. The number of inmates, in 1872, was 165,
which was increased to 324 in 1890. The results, while moderately successful, were not altogether satisfactory. The appropriations made for con- struction, maintenance, etc., were not upon a scale adequate to accomplish what was desired, and, in 1891, a radical change was effected. Previous to that date the limit, as to age, was 16 years. The law establishing the present reforma- tory provides for a system of indeterminate sen- tences, and a release upon parole, of inmates who, in the opinion of the Board of Managers, may be safely granted conditional liberation. The inmates are divided into two classes. (1) those between the ages of 10 and 16, and (2) those between 16 and 21. The Board of Managers is composed of five members, not more than three of whom shall be of the same party, their term of office to be for ten years. The course of treat- ment is educational (intellectually, morally and industrially), schools being conducted, trades taught, and the inmates constantly impressed with the conviction that, only through genuine and unmistakable evidence of improvement, can they regain their freedom. The reformatory influence of the institution may be best inferred from the results of one year's operation. Of 146 inmates paroled, 15 violated their parole and became fugitives, 6 were returned to the Reformatory, 1 died, and 124 remained in employment and regularly reporting. Among the industries carried on are painting and glaz- ing, masonry and plastering, gardening, knit- ting, chair-caning, broom-making, carpentering. tailoring and blacksmithing. The grounds of the Reformatory contain a vein of excellent coal, which it is proposed to mine, utilizing the clay. thus obtained, in the manufacture of brick, which can be employed in the construction of additional needed buildings. The average num- ber of inmates is about 800, and the crimes for which they are sentenced range, in gravity, from simple assault, or petit larceny, to the most seri- ous offenses known to the criminal code, with tlie exception of homicide. The number of inmates, at the beginning of the year 1895, was 812. An institution of a similar character, for the confinement of juvenile female offenders, was established under an act of the Legislature passed at the session of 1893, and located at Gen- eva, Kane County. (See Home for Juvenile Female Offenders.)
RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS. The State constitution contains the familiar guaranty of absolute freedom of conscience. The chief denominations have grown in like ratio with the
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population, as may be seen from figures given below. The earliest Christian services held were conducted by Catholic missionaries, who attested the sincerity of their convictions (in many instances) by the sacrifice of their lives, either through violence or exposure. The aborigines, however, were not easily Christianized; and, shortly after the cession of Illinois by France to Great Britain, the Catholic missions, being gener- ally withdrawn, ceased to exert mnuch influence upon the red men, although the French, who remained in the ceded territory, continued to adhere to their ancient faith. (See Early Mis- sionarics.) One of the first Protestant sects to hold service in Illinois, was the Methodist Epis- copal; Rev. Josephi Lillard coming to Illinois in 1793, and Rev. Hosea Riggs settling in the American Bottom in 1796. (For history of Methodism in Illinois, see Methodist Episcopal Church.) The pioneer Protestant preacher, however, was a Baptist-Elder James Smith- who came to New Design in 1787. Revs. David Badgley and Joseph Chance followed him in 1796, and the first denominational association was formed in 1807. (As to inception and growth of this denomination in Illinois, see also Bap- tists.) In 1814 the Massachusetts Missionary Society sent two missionaries to Illinois-Revs. Samuel J. Mills and Daniel Smith. Two years later (1816), the First Presbyterian Church was organized at Sharon, by Rev. James McGready, of Kentucky. (See also Presbyterians.) The Congregationalists began to arrive with the tide of immigration that set in from the Eastern States, early in the '30's. Four churches were organized in 1833, and the subsequent growth of the denomination in the State, if gradual, has been steady. (See Congregationalists.) About the same time came the Disciples of Christ (some- times called, from their founder, "Campbellites"). They encouraged free discussion, were liberal and warm hearted, and did not require belief in any particular creed as a condition of membership. The sect grew rapidly in numerical strength. (See Disciples of Christ.) The Protestant Episco- palians obtained their first foothold in Illinois, in 1835, when Rev. Philander Chase (afterward con- secrated Bishop) immigrated to the State from the East. (See Protestant Episcopal Church.) The Lutherans in Illinois are chiefly of German or Scandinavian birth or descent, as may be inferred from the fact that, out of sixty-four churches in Chicago under care of the Missouri Synod, only four use the English language. They are the only Protestant sect maintaining (when-
ever possible) a system of parochial schools. (See Lutherans.) There are twenty-six other religious bodies in the State, exclusive of the Jews, who have twelve synagogues and nine rabbis. Ac- cording to the census statistics of 1890, these twenty-six sects, with their numerical strength, number of buildings, ministers, etc., are as fol- lows: Anti-Mission Baptists, 2,800 members, 78 churches and 63 ministers; Church of God, 1,200 members, 39 churches, 34 ministers; Dunkards, 121,000 members, 155 churches, 83 ministers; Friends ("Quakers") 2,655 members, 25 churches ; Free Methodists, 1,805 members, 38 churches, 84 ministers; Free-Will Baptists, 4,694 members, 107 churches, 72 ministers; Evangelical Association, 15,904 members, 143 churches, 152 ministers; Cumberland Presbyterians, 11,804 members, 198 churches, 149 ministers; Methodist Episcopal (South) 3,927 members, 34 churches, 33 minis- ters; Moravians, 720 members, 3 churches, 3 ministers; New Jerusalem Church (Swedenborgi- ans), 662 members, 14 churches, 8 ministers; Primitive Methodist, 230 members, 2 churches, 2 ministers; Protestant Methodist, 5,000 members, 91 churches, 106 ministers; Reformed Church in United States, 4,100 members, 34 churches, 19 ministers; Reformed Church of America, 2,200 members, 24 churches, 23 ministers; Reformed Episcopalians, 2,150 members, 13 churches, 11 ministers; Reformed Presbyterians, 1,400 mem- bers, 7 churches, 6 ministers; Salvation Army, 1,980 members; Second Adventists, 4,500 mem- bers, 64 churches, 35 ministers; Seventh Day Baptists, 320 members, 7 churches, 11 ministers; Universalists, 3,160 members, 45 churches, 37 ministers; Unitarians, 1,225 members, 19
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