USA > Illinois > McLean County > The History of McLean County, Illinois; portraits of early settlers and prominent men > Part 28
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Edward Baker, Esq., then a private among the volunteers, became a distinguished orator, a member of Congress, then United States Senator, and was killed only too soon to prevent his becoming a distinguished commander in the recent war. Licut. Albert Sidney Johnson, then of the regular army, was a man of splendid abilities, who, for- tunately for the Union army, was killed at the battle of Shiloh, his loss being felt by the Confederate army to be almost irreparable. Lieut. Jefferson Davis, then of the. regular army, did good service as a Colonel in the Mexican war, afterward a United States Senator, and President of that figment called the Southern Confederacy.
But last and greatest of them all was Abraham Lincoln, at first a private and after- ward a Captain in the Black Hawk war. What he afterward became needs not to be told in these pages. These coincidences are certainly very remarkable.
Among those who went on this expedition in the first company from MeLean County, were Capt. M. L. Covel, First Lieut. Asahel Gridley, Second Lieut. Moses Baldwin, First Sergt. Bailey H. Coffey, Fourth Sergt. David Simmons, and William McCullough, Thomas O. Rutledge, Michael Gates, James Phillips, James K. Orondorff, Isaac Murphey, Samuel Durley, Clement Oatman, James Paul, Reuben Windham, John Vittito, Jesse Vandolah, Mr. Harris, George Wiley, Benjamin Conger and Joseph Dra- per, who was wounded at the fight at Stillman's Run. At the expiration of the thirty days for which they enlisted, the McLean County men returned home. Capt. Robert McClure, of Stout's Grove, raised another company; but tradition says that they did only guard duty in ranging over several counties to prevent the Indians from committing depredations upon the people.
The citizens of McLean County were so fortunate as to win no laurels in the Mor- mon war of 1841 and 1842.
WAR WITH MEXICO.
As the leading men of the nation were at the time very much divided in their sen- timents as to the sufficiency of the causes that brought on the war with Mexico, their discussion seems not to be called for in this sketch. The magnificent territory of Texas was, of course, the prize which Mexico wished to retain, and which the United States had no objection to take in. Moved by such desires, it was quite easy for the parties to find a pretext for the contest. The question of boundary was a sufficient one. Although Mexico could have no rational expectation of ever recovering Texas, it cut her to the heart to see so large a portion of her former territory annexed irrevocably to her already too powerful neighbor.
As it was not necessary to raise a large force, each county was called on for but few men. In June, 1846, a company of 100 men volunteered in MeLean County.
This company went to Springfield on the 9th of June; but from some misunder- standing about the time for which they were to enlist, about half the company refused to be sworn in, and returned home, and the company was filled up from another county.
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Dr. J. Elkin, at that time a practicing physician in the county, was Captain ; James Withers was First Lieutenant, and William Duncan, Second Lieutenant. Benjamin Wyatt was Orderly Sergeant, and John W. Lander and Shorty Dukestine Sergeants. The following names comprise those who were mustered into the Fourth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, as Company B, from McLean County :
Andrew Hodge, Andrew Mason, Henry Lash, William Lash, James A. Parke, Preston Riemer, John Misner, John Ogden, Anderson Young, Isaac Brown, John Jones, James Depew, John Cranmer, Isaae N. Savage, William Baldwin, Mason Baker, Thomas Johnson, John Johnson, William Van Horn, William Tophouse, John Crumbeau, Will- iam Little, Robert MeIntyre, Andrew Newton, James Jenkins, John Walker, Eggman Walker, John Cranmer, George Perry, Thomas Owens, Joseph Bozarth, John Good, William Broomfield, James Miller, Allen Palmer, Ichabod Dodson, Julius Caesar Surrel, William Harbert, Hardon Escue, Peter Withers, Ezra Ball, Sr., Ezra Ball, Jr., John S. Johnson, Joseph Glympse.
The Fourth Regiment was under the command of that splendid specimen of a man, an orator, an officer and a gentleman, Edward D. Baker. He was very ably sup- ported by a strong and most reliable man in the person of Lieut. Col. John Moore, of this county, who was afterward Lieutenant Governor of the State, and for eight years State Treasurer of Illinois. The worth of these two men was appreciated by the regi- ment and by the people. The State voted Lieut. Col. Moore a splendid sword in acknowledgment of his eminent services. The sword is still among the family treas- ures, and has been admired by many of his fellow-citizens.
The regiment went first to Matamoras on its way to join Gen. Taylor, but was ordered to join Gen. Scott, which it did at Vera Cruz. It was engaged in the siege of that strongly-fortified place, and in the storming of Cerro Gordo. The time of its enlistment expired soon after, and it then returned home. Mr. Andrew Hodge and Mr. John Misner died of sickness before being under fire. The two instances above mentioned were the only ones in which the company from this county was engaged in severe fighting. They represent Cerro Gordo as a very strong place and difficult of approach. If it had been as bravely defended as it was stormed, the result might have been different. Yet the Mexicans fought as bravely as could be expected of men who were facing an enemy that all experience told them they could not defeat.
The Americans suffered more from the climate than from the valor of the enemy until they arrived upon the elevated plateau of the central part of the country. Yet it must be admitted that in several instances, in their strongholds, the Mexicans fought bravely. Nearly all the commanding officers from Illinois were strong men, and won much honor to themselves and to the State.
THE CIVIL WAR.
When that fearful calamity, the civil war for the rending in twain this magnificent country, this glorious union of States, burst upon the public with the vibrations of the cannon thundering upon Fort Sumter, in the air, it did not find MeLean County unpre- pared to meet the terrible responsibilities resting upon the friends of union and of human liberty. This county had given in the previous November election, the largest majority for the Republican ticket, with Mr. Lincoln at its head, that it had ever given any party on any subject. McLean County was justly regarded as the political center
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of Illinois. Here in Bloomington, the Republican party was born in Major's Hall, on Front street. Mr. Lincoln's name first appeared in the columns of a public newspaper in this city as a candidate for the Presidency. The citizens of MeLean County had done more to place him before the American people than those of any other county, East or West. Therefore, much was expected from her and nobly did she respond.
Whatever differences of political sentiments might have before divided her citizens, when the one question of the hour arose-union or disunion-there was but one response, "The Union must and shall be preserved." When the ninety-days volun- teers were called for, more than men enough answered immediately, and they went on answering as long as they were called for.
A little calculation will show whether the people of McLean County were worthy of the great confidence which was reposed in them. The census of 1860 puts the population of the county at 28,772, but as the war continued for some time we will call it 30,000. Suppose one-half of the population to be female and one-half to be children and aged persons, and we have 7,500 left. Well, McLean County sent over 4,000 men into the Union armies, showing quite evidently that the county sent more than one-half of her able-bodied men into the field. Scarcely could more be expected from any people.
The first company raised in the county, early in the summer of 1861, under the call of the President for 75,000 men for ninety days, was that of Captain Harvey. They mustered in at Springfield a full company, and joined the Eighth Illinois Regi- ment. Quite a number of the boys shed tears at the disappointment in not getting into the service-there were too many of them. They spent most of their time at Cairo, and when at the expiration of their time the Eighth Illinois was re-organized, nearly all of Capt. Harvey's company re-enlisted and remained with him in the Eighth. The company suffered severely at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and Capt. Harvey, already acting Lieutenant Colonel, was killed.
Under the call of the President for 300,000 men, in the summer of 1861, when the light began to break upon the people of the Northern States as to the kind of a job they had on their hands, the Thirty-Third Regiment of Illinois Vol- unteers was raised. This regiment was largely made up of Normal students from all parts of the State, with a large element of McLean County boys in its composition. Company A was made up of men from all parts of the State. As Normal students, most of them had been under voluntary drill for some time. They became the first company ready to make up the Thirty-Third, and the rallying center for other com- panies. Prof. L. H. Potter, of the Normal University, was chosen Captain.
Company C was a Mclean County company, with Dr. E. R. Roe for Captain. But, being promoted to Major on the organization of the regiment, Dr. Roe was succeeded by Captain Daniel B. Robinson, who resigned, and went into another regiment as Lieutenant Colonel. Lieutenant John L. Burnham was promoted to Captain and resigned. First Lieutenant Henry M. Kellogg became Captain, and was killed at Vicksburg. First Lieutenant Edward J. Lewis became Captain, and was mustered out with the regiment. Lieutenant George H. Fifer died from wounds. Lieutenants Amandus L. Bush and George W. Jones were mustered out with the regiment. Company G was mostly composed of MeLean County men, with Prof. Ira Moore, of the Normal, for Captain, who resigned in 1864. First Lieutenant George P. Ela
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resigned, and First Lieutenant John T. Russell became Captain, and mustered out with the regiment. Lieutenant William Elbert resigned, and Lieutenant Russell Puntenney mustered out with the regiment.
THE DEATHS.
The deaths of twenty-five members of this company occurred, as by the records of the company, and it is known that several others died soon after their discharge, from disease contracted in the service. The list of names is: William M. Jones. Narcisso Livernois, David Irish, Andrew J. Boyd, Samuel B. Oswalt, Samuel J. Fogle, Alex- ander W. Wood, William Turnipseed, Warner A. Blue, William H. Sizemore, Leven A. Moore, Isaac W. Shiner, Chapman Shores, David H. Mitchell, William D. Shoup, William H. Hawkins, Peter D. Jones, John H. Childers, Charles S. Shinn, Francis ('uvillier, James Stevenson, John Riley, William P. Lanphier, Isaac Oswalt, William Trimmer, Charles S. Smith.
FIELD AND STAFF.
Colonel, Charles E. Hovey ; Lieutenant Colonel, William R. Lockwood ; Major, Edward E. Roe; Surgeon, George E. Rex; Assistant Surgeons, N. W. Abbott, H. T. Antis, Edwin May, H. L. Wallace, Oliver Rex ; Adjutants, F. M. Crandal, E. A. Gove, Duncan J. Ingraham ; Quartermasters. Simeon Wright, Richard B. Fulks ; Chaplains, Herman J. Eddy, N. P. Coltrin.
Col. Hovey was promoted to Brigadier General, Maj. Roe became Lieutenant Colonel, and Capt. Potter became Major.
This regiment passed through a variety of experinces. It was organized at Camp Butler August 29, 1861, and, on the 19th of September, went on the cars to St. Louis. A part of the regiment was soon sent out to guard bridges on the railroad leading south- west, where they had their first experiences of the enemy, a few being wounded, and a considerable number taken prisoners. Their first battle was at Fredericktown, soon after, in which they did excellent service, and in which Jeff Thompson and Col. Lowe were badly whipped with heavy loss, and Col. Lowe was killed. On the 1st of March, the regiment went southward with Gev. Steele, and joined the main army in Arkansas. In July, it assisted to defeat Rusk's heavy force at the battle of Cache Bayou. The rest of the summer was spent at Helena. Early in 1863, the regiment went to Vicks- burg, and participated in the battles at Port Gibson, Champion Hills. Black River Bridge, and in the terrible assault on Vicksburg May 22. In the siege, Col. Roe was wounded. and Capt. Kellogg was killed.
The regiment was present at the memorable surrender of Vicksburg. Soon after, it participated in the capture of Jackson. and went thence to New Orleans. It participated in Banks' expedition up the Teche, and, in November, went down the Texas coast, was engaged in the fight at Matagorda Bay. and a part of the Thirty-third was the first to enter the deserted fort and raise the national flag on its walls. In January, 1864, the regi- ment re-enlisted in the veteran service. In the following spring, it was sent to Brashear City, and was a long time employed as bridge and station guards. Early in 1865, the. Thirty-third was ordered to join the Mobile expedition. Just as it was starting on its way. it met with the terrible railroad accident that resulted in the death of eleven men, and the injury of seventy others. The regiment participated in the taking of Spanish Fort, Fort Blakely, and the surrender of Mobile. It went thence to Montgomery, marched to
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Selma ; thence it went to Meridian, Miss., and thence to Vicksburg, about the middle of August. It beat about to various points until the middle of November, when the order came to be mustered out. The regiment reached Camp Butler on the 30th of the month, and early in December it was paid off and discharged.
NINETY-FOURTH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEERS.
In the summer of 1862, the call for 600,000 men aroused the people of McLean County to a more earnest determination than ever before to meet every demand upon their devotion to the defense of the Union. Men of position and of means, took hold of the matter ; public and private liberality were not wanting, and it was determined to raise an entire regiment complete of MeLean County men.
In less than ten days, 1,200 men responded, and two companies were obliged to join other regiments. The idea of a solid regiment of men, most of whom were per- sonally acquainted with each other, was very popular ; and had the movement been taken at its flood, probably two regiments could have been raised in a few days. The pride of McLean was up, and such enthusiasm to enter the service is not often seen twice in a life-time.
After the organization of the companies was complete, a meeting was held on the 14th of August, in Bloomington, and the " McLean County Regiment," the Ninety- Fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, was completed. The result was as follows: Colonel, W. W. Orme; Lieutenant Colonel, John MeNulta ; Major, R. G. Laughlin ; Adjutant, Hudson Burr; Quartermaster, M. L. Moore; Chaplain, Robert E. Guthrie; Surgeon, Joseph C. Ross ; Assistant Surgeon, A. E. Stewart; Sergeant-Major, Henry C. Provost; Quartermaster Sergeant, R. S. MeIntyre : Commissary Sergeant, Carlton Goring ; Hos- pital Steward, H. W. Boyd; Wagonmaster, Charles W. Lander. Company A-Captain, A. T. Briscoe; First Lieutenant, Guy A. Carlton; Second Lieutenant, A. S. Lawrence. Company B-Captain, J. C. MeFarland; First Lieutenant, Patrick Gorman ; Second Lieutenant, W. W. Elder. Company C-Captain, John Franklin ; First Lieutenant, G. B. Okeson ; Second Lieutenant, James A. Elder. Company D-Captain, G. W. Brown; First Lieutenant, Timothy Owens; Second Lieutenant, William Vangundy. Company E-Captain, John L. Routt; First Lieutenant, W. H. Wright; Second Lieu- tenant, J. B. Hopkins. Company F-Captain, A. W. Walden ; First Lieutenant, Joseph Denison; Second Lieutenant, J. W. Beatty. Company G-Captain, Aaron Buckles ; First Lieutenant, Peter Vanatta; Second Lieutenant, M. E. Ferguson. Com- pany II-Captain, J. P. Orme ; First Lieutenant, L. S. Johnson; Second Lieutenant, H. C. Steere. Company I-Captain, W. H. Mann ; First Lieutenant, Osborn Barnard ; Second Lieutenant, S. P. Howell. Company K-Captain, J. M. Burch ; First Lieu- tenant, George Hayes ; Second Lieutenant, W. J. Bowlby.
As the regiment was permitted to rendezvous at Bloomington, the men were dis- missed until August 25; and on re-assembling on that day, they went on board the cars for St. Louis, amidst great excitement in the assembled multitude.
The regiment tarried at Benton Barracks until the 10th of September; then it shipped for Rolla, and on the 16th set out on a hot, thirsty march for Springfield, Mo., arriving on the 24th, where it remained a few weeks, fortifying that town, and practicing battalion drill. Here the regiment was brigaded in Gen. Herron's Division, Gen. Blunt and Gen. Totten commanding the two other divisions in the Southwest.
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Toward the last of November, Gen. Blunt moved to the front as far as Cane Hill, Ark., and found himself almost in the presence of Gen. Hindman, with greatly superior forces. There were some slight collisions between them, but no decisive actions. Meantime. Hindman had been busy gathering up men in all directions, and was about ready to surround, with his 30,000 men, the little force of Gen. Blunt, when the latter got wind of the movements and sent to Gen. Herron for help. Blunt managed to avoid being taken in by his enemy for the time being; and on receiving the message December 3, Gen. Herron immediately broke camp, and moved to his relief, the Second Division fol- lowing closely behind. On the 7th, Gen. Herron's Division, after a forced march of 120 miles, was about ten miles southwest of Fayetteville, Ark., and half way between that place and Cane Hill.
Hindman, hearing of the approaching re-enforcements, very shrewdly allowed the Union cavalry, which was in advance, to pass through his lines, and then brought around his main force, leaving enough to keep Blunt busy upon the road leading from Fayetteville, and located his men very advantageously at Prairie Grove, on Illinois Creek. He undoubtedly intended. and with excellent prospects of accomplishing his purposes, to cut to pieces their re-enforcements, and then to make a short job of Blunt's little army. But he lost the precious opportunity by not immediately assuming the aggressive, instead of putting himself upon the defensive. A part of the First Arkan- sas Cavalry, forming the advance guard of Herron's Division, having been driven back and scattered by the enemy, in the forenoon of the 7th of December, came rushing past the infantry in a decidedly demoralized condition.
Gen. Herron's forces numbered between four thousand and five thousand men, being composed of six regiments of infantry and four batteries. But not in the least expecting to meet five times their number in almost immediate action, without waiting for the Second Division to arrive, the men prepared for any contingency, by ridding themselves of their knapsacks, and forming a line across the road. Crossing Illinois Creek, the cavalry of the enemy falling back, our army found themselves in front of Hindman's main force, posted on high ground about a mile from the creek, soon after noon. In front of their position was an open field, with a border of timber on the creek sufficient to allow the Union regiments, under at least partial cover, to fall into line of battle as fast as they came up. When it is taken into consideration, that this little army was excessively fatigued by a forced march of three days and nights, com- posed, mostly, of men who had never seen a battle, and faced by a vastly superior force in a strong position, and well acquainted with the surroundings, the only wonder is, that it was not utterly defeated and taken captive. Why this did not occur, as everything indicated that it must, may be discovered by closely watching the progress of the battle, which lasted from 2 o'clock until dark. We have been thus particular in stating the circumstances in general, that the reader may have a better chance to appreciate the conduct of the MeLean County Regiment-the Ninety-fourth-in this, the first and the severest trial of its metal. While the artillery was vigorously shelling the enemy's position, the Ninety-fourth holding the extreme left, advanced and exchanged volleys with the enemy. This firing of artillery and musketry went on for about an hour, with scarcely any change of position on either side, the Confederate army being in the edge of the woods on the brow of the hill, and the Union forces lying on the opposite side of the field, at the foot of the hill.
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About 3 o'clock commeneed an inexplicable movement by the Nineteenth Iowa and Twentieth Wisconsin, occupying a position toward the right. These two reg- iments advanced into the field, swinging toward the left; and the Twentieth Wis- consin struck a battery on the bluff, and, driving away the gunners, shot the artillery horses. But the blunder was dearly attoned for. An overwhelming concentration of fire upon them broke their ranks and drove them from the field. The utter rout of these two regiments left a gap in the Union line, cutting the Ninety-fourth with Foust's Bat- tery off from the rest of the army, with the road to their rear laying in the gap.
Seeing this opening, the enemy repeatedly sent heavy masses of men forward to take possession of the opening and overwhelm the small remaining forces. But all their efforts were in vain. Every time they left their eover, a withering fire of musketry and grape drove them back with severe loss. But the situation was becoming critical. Am- munition was giving out-cartridges were handed from man to man-all but two of the guns of Foust's battery had withdrawn from want of ammunition, and still the battle raged all along the line.
Under such circumstances, if the Ninety-fourth had committed a single error, with an enemy ten to one in their front, eager and confident of victory; had it wavered for a moment and taken fright at the fearful odds against it, all would have been lost ; the little army would have been destroyed or seattered ; Blunt would have fallen an easy prey, and the Union forees would have been driven baek into Missouri with heavy losses.
But the fearful results of the rashness, in dashing so small a force against such an army, were not experienced. Just as night was approaching, the joyful rattle of Union musketry was heard away toward the setting sun on the right, and the shout, Blunt ! Blunt! ran through the whole line, from right to left, and the seene was changed. As soon as the roar of battle was heard, Gen. Blunt had burst through the thin guards left behind by Hindman, and hurried to the rescue. He came in good time. The decisive moment had arrived, and it looked desperate to the boys in blue. This blow, struck so opportunely, carried confusion into the enemy's ranks. A part of the forces that were pressing the Ninety-fourth so severely, were withdrawn to meet this new movement, and the boys were able to maintain their ground, still fighting till darkness ended the contest.
Gen. McNulta endeared himself to the regiment by his intrepid conduet during that eventful day, and he was nobly seconded by Maj. Laughlin. Every member of the regiment seemed to have done his duty promptly and well. They bivouacked upon the battle-field that night, expecting to renew the contest in the morning. But when the morning eame, they were equally astonished to find that the enemy had fled, and that, of their own numbers, only one had been killed and twenty-six wounded. That a regiment should come out of such a battle with so light a loss looks like a par- adox. But it can be readily explained.
It will be recollected that the Ninety-fourth changed its position but slightly during the battle, and was not, therefore, exposed to fire while in motion. Again, the enemy was posted on a bluff of considerable elevation, and the Ninety-fourth was located near the foot of the hill, on the opposite side of the field ; consequently, in firing down hill, the enemy had almost uniformly overshot. But the best joke was, that the Ninety- fourth had been carefully drilled in firing while lying down. To hit a man thus lying
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head to is almost impossible in the smoke and confusion of a battle. It will also be borne in mind that the enemy came out into the field in masses, and were thus exposed to a fire which no volunteer troops can be brought to stand, and before which even reg- ular troops would not last long.
The regiment went on the expedition which took Van Buren, about the last of December ; was in Fayetteville in January, 1863, and after splashing around in the mud and slush for a couple of months, it returned to Lake Spring. During these marches, from exposure, a very fatal pneumonia, in February, took seventeen men out of the regiment. In June, the Ninety-fourth was called to Vicksburg, as that place could not be taken without its assistance. In that memorable siege, the regiment lost only one man killed and five wounded, though it was employed in active service and was present at the surrender of that place. During the summer, the regiment was around gener- ally, and in October, it was sent down fooling around in Texas, where there was noth- ing to do worthy of such a body of men. In July, 1864, they returned to New Orleans. Went to Mobile in August, arriving just in time to witness the surrender of Fort Gaines. Took a hand in the siege of Fort Morgan, and having been deprived of vegetables for a long time, the men suffered from scurvy, and were greatly relieved by a supply of vegetables taken down to them from old McLean by Lieut. Osborne Barnard.
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