The History of McLean County, Illinois; portraits of early settlers and prominent men, Part 16

Author: Le Baron, Wm., Jr. & Co., Chicago, Pub
Publication date: 1879
Publisher: Chicago : W. Le Baron, Jr.
Number of Pages: 1092


USA > Illinois > McLean County > The History of McLean County, Illinois; portraits of early settlers and prominent men > Part 16


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ARTICLE VI.


All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop- tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation.


This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.


The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem-


7


168


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES


bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi- cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.


ARTICLE VII.


The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying the same.


Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names.


GEO. WASHINGTON, President and Deputy from Virginia.


New Hampshire. JOHN LANGDON, NICHOLAS GILMAN.


Massachusetts. NATHANIEL GORHAM, RUFUS KING.


Connecticut. WM. SAM'L JOHNSON, ROGER SHERMAN.


New York. ALEXANDER HAMILTON.


New Jersey. WIL. LIVINGSTON, WM. PATERSON, DAVID BREARLEY, JONA. DAYTON.


Pennsylvania. B. FRANKLIN,


ROBT. MORRIS,


THOS. FITZSIMONS, JAMES WILSON, THOS. MIFFLIN, GEO. CLYMER, JARED INGERSOLL, GOUV. MORRIS.


Delaware. GEO. READ,


JOHN DICKINSON, JACO. BROOM, GUNNING BEDFORD, JR., RICHARD BASSETT.


Maryland. JAMES M'HENRY, DANL. CARROLL, DAN. OF ST. THOS. JENIFER.


Virginia. JOHN BLAIR, JAMES MADISON, JR.


North Carolina. WM. BLOUNT, HU. WILLIAMSON, RICH'D DOBBS SPAIGHT.


South Carolina. J. RUTLEDGE, CHARLES PINCKNEY, CHAS. COTESWORTH PINCKNEY, PIERCE BUTLER.


Georgia. WILLIAM FEW, ABR. BALDWIN.


WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.


169


AND ITS AMENDMENTS.


ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO AND AMENDATORY OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.


Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several states, pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution.


ARTICLE I.


Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.


ARTICLE II.


A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.


ARTICLE III.


No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre- scribed by law.


ARTICLE IV.


The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio- lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.


ARTICLE V.


No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.


ARTICLE VI.


In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.


ARTICLE VII.


In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact


170


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES


tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law.


ARTICLE VIII.


Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.


ARTICLE IX.


The enumeration, in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.


ARTICLE X.


The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.


ARTICLE XI.


The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub- jects of any foreign state.


ARTICLE XII.


The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members froin two- thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi- dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice- President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major-


171


AND ITS AMENDMENTS.


ity, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.


ARTICLE XIII.


SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris- diction.


SEC. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by apprc- priate legislation.


ARTICLE XIV.


SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.


SEC. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per- sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice- President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu- tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num- ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.


SEC. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ- ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu- tive or judicial officer of any state to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress mav by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability.


SEC. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author- ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun- ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques- tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.


175


CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.


SEC. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this act.


ARTICLE XV.


SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state. on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.


SEC. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation.


ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT.


NOVEMBER 7, 1876.


COUNTIES.


Hayes and Wheeler,


Republican.


Tilden and


Hendricks,


Democrat.


PeterCooper


Greenback.


Prohibition


Anti-Secret


Socleties.


COUNTIES.


flayes and


Republican.


Tilden and


Hendricks,


Democrat.


PeterCooper


Greenback.


Prohibition.


Anti-Secret


Societies.


Adams


4953


6308


41'


17


....


Livingston


3550


2134


1170


3


Bond


1520


1142


12


..


Macon.


3120


2782


268


16


Brown .


944


1495


183


1


Madison.


4554


4730


39


1


Carroll


2231


918


111


1


3


Mason ..


1566


1939


86


3


Champaign


4530


3103


604


1


Clark.


1814


2197


236


0


McLean.


6363


4410


518


8


-20


Coles.


2957


2822


102


Monroe


845


1651


Crawford


1355


1643


38


Morgan


3069


3174


109


$


De Witt.


1928


1174


746


10


3


Peoria


4665


5443


DuPage


2129


1276


25


Perry.


1541


1383


Edwards ..


970


466


61


Pike.


3055


4040


35


4


Fayette


1881


2421


57


Franklin.


966


1302


391


Richland ..


1410!


1552


55


Greene


1695


3160


1


9


Hamilton


622


1433


770


4


Ilardin ..


330


611


134


Stark


1140


786


96


Iroquois


3768


2578


249


14


1


Tazewell.


2850


3171


44


2155


4372


3031


288


9


Jo Daviess


2907


2276


140


3


Kane.


5398


2850


172


26


Whiteside.


3851


2131


133


8


1


Lake


2619


1647


55


1


Winnebago


4505


1568


70


13


Q


Lawrence


1198


1329


514


15


Woodford


1733


2105


237


1


4


Lee


30871


2080


100


2


6


Total


275958 257099 16951 130.157


.


....


....


Logan.


2788


2595


31


Boone.


1965


363


43


Macoupin


3567


4076


114


Bureau


3719


218


145


11


Marion


2009


2444


209


Marshall.


1553


1430


135


1


Massac


1231


793


20


Christian


2501


3287


207


1


McHenry


3465


1874


34


Clinton


1329


1989


132


Mercer.


2209


1428


90


3


36548


39240


277


Montgomery


2486


3013


201


Cumberland


1145


1407


129


1245


1622


28


Douglas.


1631


1357


94


Pope


1319


800


Edgar.


2~15


2883


161


Piatt.


1802


1316


117


Effingham


1145


2265


43


Pulaski


1043


772


Ford


1601


742


204


Randolph


Fulton ..


4187


4669


89


Rock Island.


3912


2838


27


..


641


Grundy


1996


1142


108


Schuyler.


1522


1804


115


Hancock


3496


4207


Shelby


2069


3553


341


Henry


4177


1928


340


4


6


Jackson.


2040


2071


106


Union


Jefferson


1346


1667


647


Wabash.


650


936


202


2795.


1984


138


1


Johnsoll


1367


893


61


Wayne.


1570


1751


482 469


Kendall


1869


5:24


309


Will


4770


3999


677


. .


La Salle


6277


6001


141


1


Williamson


1622


1644


41


3


Jersey


1345


2166:


12


Warren


Washington


1911


1671


39


Kankakee


White


1297


2066


4


Knox


1315


1015


1


St. Clair


4708


5891


99


1


Stephenson


3198


2758


26


Jasper


703


1140


282


Saline


980


1081


4851


5842


29


...


Scott ..


910


1269


182


Henderson


1416


1541


112


Menard


1115


1652


10


De Kalb


3679


1413


65


3


Moultrie . Ogle


3833


1921


104


8


95 5


48


Putnam


646


459


14


2357


2589


1


Gallatin


441


900


Cass ..


1209


1618


McDonough


2952


2811


347


Clay


Cook


Alexander.


1219


1280


Smith,


Smith,


..


5235


2632


2627


1363


Vermilion


928


8


...


Sangamon


..


Calhoun


Wheeler,


PRACTICAL RULES FOR EVERY DAY USE.


How to find the gain or loss per cent. when the cost and selling price are given.


RULE .- Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which will be the gain or loss.


Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent.


How to change gold into currency.


RULE .- Multiply the given sum of gold by the price of gold.


How to change currency into gold.


Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold.


How to find each partner's share of the gain or loss in a copartnership business.


RULE .- Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo- tient will be the gain or loss per cent.


Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be each one's share of the gain or loss.


How to find gross and net weight and price of hogs.


A short and simple method for finding the net weight, or price of hogs, when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa.


NOTE .- It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diminished by 1-5 or 20 per cent of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased by 14 or 25 per cent. of itself equals the gross weight.


To find the net weight or gross price.


Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.)


To find the gross weight or net price.


Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.)


How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or wagon-bed.


RULE .- Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by 6308, and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the correct answer in bushels and tenths of a bushel.


For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and point off one decimal place.


How to find the contents of a corn-crib.


RULE .- Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or


(173)


174


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


by 43 ordinary method, and point off ONE decimal place-the result wili be the answer in bushels.


NOTE .- In estimating corn in the ear, the quality and the time it has been cribbed must be taken into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds good for eorn measured at the time it is eribbed, provided it is sound and clean.


How to find the contents of a cistern or tank.


RULE .- Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off ONE decimal place-the result will be the contents in barrels of 312 gallons.


How to find the contents of a barrel or cask.


RULE .- Under the square of the mean diameter, write the length (all in inches) in REVERSED order, so that its UNITS will fall under the TENS ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons.


How to measure boards.


RULE .- Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and divide the product by 12-the result will be the contents in square feet.


How to measure scantlings, joists, planks, sills, etc.


RULE .- Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together (the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide the product by 12-the result will be square feet.


How to find the number of acres in a body of land.


RULE .- Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths.


When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length, add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width.


How to find the number of square yards in a floor or wall.


RULE .- Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards.


How to find the number of bricks required in a building.


RULE .- Multiply the number of cubic feet by 223.


The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height and thickness (in feet) together.


Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar, but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space.


How to find the number of shingles required in a roof.


RULE .- Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the shingles are exposed 43 inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches.


To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by twice the length of the rafters.


175


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


To find the length of the rafters, at ONE-FOURTH pitch, multiply the width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at ONE-THIRD pitch, by .6 (tenths) ; at TWO-FIFTHS pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at ONE-HALF pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be taken into consideration.


NOTE .- By K or % pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be X or X the width of the building higher than the walls or base of the rafters.


How to reckon the cost of hay.


RULE .- Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton, and remove the decimal point three places to the left.


How to measure grain.


RULE .- Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in eubic feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to the left.


NOTE .- Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel.


The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by multiplying the number of bushels by 8.


If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of ear corn to make 1 of shelled corn.


Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments.


In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the number of rods and acres.


The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now, an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes.


To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to walk in a straight line ; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk- ing, keep these objects constantly in line.


Farmers and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious con- trivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard measure.


Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger of the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.


To find how many rods in length will make an acre, the width being given.


RULE .-- Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer.


176


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


How to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods being given.


RULE .- Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5, and remove the decimal point two places to the left.


The diameter being given, to find the circumference.


RULE .- Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7.


How to find the diameter, when the circumference is given.


RULE .- Divide the circumference by 3 1-7.


To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick- ness throughout will contain when squared.


RULE .- Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144.


General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet.


RULE .- Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144.


To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on.


RULE .- Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to 1-15 according to the thickness of the bark.


Howard's new rule for computing interest.


RULE .- The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal point two places to the left; for ten times that time, remove the point one place to the left; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three places to the left.


Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given.


NOTE .- The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent. per month, in- verted. becomes 1% of a month, or 10 days.


When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1, three ones.


Rule for converting English into American currency.


Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals, by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.


U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE.


A township-36 sections each a mile square.


A section-640 acres.


A quarter section, half a mile square-160 acres.


An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter of a mile wide-80 acres.


A sixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square-40 acres.


177


MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.


The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east. corner.


The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de- scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west, or as the case might be; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.


The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile.


SURVEYORS' MEASURE.


7 92-100 inches .make 1 link. 25 links 1 rod.


4 rods 1 chain.


80 chains ..


1 mile.


NOTE .- A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet.


Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley- corn ; three of which made an inch.


Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of measure is four inches-called a hand.


In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes used, which is a length of nine inches.


The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length.


The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length.


A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches.


A fathom is equal to 6 feet.


A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said to be a league.


In cloth measure an aune is equal to 14 yards, or 45 inches.


An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches.


A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches.


A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches.


HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS.


Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business, should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man- ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac- quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended, and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics and laborers.




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