Kansas; a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc. with a supplementary volume devoted to selected personal history and reminiscence, Voilume I, Part 113

Author: Blackmar, Frank Wilson, 1854-1931, ed
Publication date: 1912
Publisher: Chicago, Standard publishing company
Number of Pages: 954

USA > Kansas > Kansas; a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc. with a supplementary volume devoted to selected personal history and reminiscence, Voilume I > Part 113

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after the Nineteenth Kansas. Official reports give the number of officers, soldiers and citizens killed during the year 1868 as 353.

From Dec. 18, 1868, to Jan. 6, 1869, the Nineteenth was in camp at Fort Cobb. It then moved 28 miles southward and. established Fort Sill. Col. Crawford resigned on Feb. 12, and on March 23 Lieut .- Col. Moore was made colonel, Maj. W. C. Jones at the same time being promoted to lieutenant-colonel. On March 2, 1869, the command left camp at Fort Sill, dismounted, and moved along the southern base of the Wichita range "to stir up the Cheyennes." Salt fork was crossed on the 6th, and after a hard march the Indians were overtaken on the 20th. The men of the Nineteenth were ready to open fire, when Col. Moore received an order from Gen. Custer not to fire. For a short time there was almost mutiny in the ranks. The men begged, argued, swore, and some even shed tears in their disappointment, but the prin- cipal object was to recover the two women (Mrs. Morgan and Miss White) who had been captured in Kansas the year before. A parley was held, which resulted in the chiefs Dull Knife, Big Head, Fat Bear and Medicine Arrow being left with Custer as hostages until the women were safely delivered to their friends, which was done on the 22nd. No battles were fought by the Ninteenth, but its presence in the hostile No battles were fought by the Nineteenth, but its presence in the hostile regiment was mustered out at Fort Hays on April 18, 1869.

Early in May, 1869, predatory bands of Indians began to lurk around the settlements on the frontier. On the 21st they attacked a party of hunters on the Republican river and drove them and the settlers on White Rock creek, in Republican county, down to Lake Sibley. Five days later B. C. Sanders of Lake Sibley wrote to Adjt .- Gen. W. S. Morehouse that 6 men had been killed, and that I woman and 2 boys were missing. On the 30th the Indians made a raid on the set- tlements along the Saline river, killed and wounded 13 persons, and carried Mrs. Allerdice, Mrs. Weichiell and a child into captivity. Mrs. Weichell was recaptured, but the other prisoners were killed during a fight between the savages and the white troops under Gen. Carr. For the protection of the settlers, the adjutant-general mustered a battalion of four companies-311 men and officers. Company A, commanded by Capt. A. J. Pliley, was stationed at a blockhouse on Spillman creek; Company B, under Capt. W. A. Winsell, was placed on Plum creek; Company C, commanded by Capt. I. N. Dalrymple, was located near the mouth of Spillman creek, with detachments from Minneapolis to Fisher creek; Company D, commanded by Capt. Richard Stanfield, was stationed near the forks of the Republican river and Beaver creek. Lieut. Stinson, with 30 men, was placed on Turkey creek 10 miles from the mouth. The expense of this battalion was a little over $83,800, but its presence in the menaced districts held the Indians at bay and no doubt saved several times the cost in property, to say nothing of the preservation of human life.

The year 1870 was comparatively quiet. According to the report of

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the adjutant-general, some 20 or 30 Indians early in May attacked the settlements on Limestone creek, Mitchell county, and killed 3 unarmed men. These were the only persons killed in the state by Indians during the year.

No further Indian troubles of consequence occurred in Kansas until 1874. In the spring of that year some roving bands began to molest the settlers in Ford, Barber and Comanche counties, and Gov. Osborne sent a small body of state troops into that section. In August about 20 or 30 Osages belonging to Black Dog's and Big Chief's bands came into Kansas, under pretense of hunting on their old hunting grounds. Capt. Ricker, with some 40 men, was occupying a stockade near Kiowa, Barber county. Knowing that the Indians were off their reservation without permission or authority, he marched out to their camp to learn their intentions. The chief came out and met him a short distance from the camp. When Ricker told him to order the others to come up the chief gave orders in the Osage language to fire upon the whites. Lieut. Mosely understood the order. He promptly seized the chief and informed him that any more evidence of treachery would result in his having the top of his head blown off. The action of the leader probably incensed Ricker's men to a degree that made them more vindictive than they would otherwise have been in dealing with the Indians. The camp was broken up, the ponies and camp equipage car- ried off by the whites, and in the fight that ensued 4 of the Osages were killed. . Edward P. Smith, Indian commissioner, wrote to the interior department that Ricker acted without authority, but that after the out- rage, as he called it, Gov. Osborn had the company mustered as militia and the order of muster antedated, in order to make it appear the act was committed by authority of the state. Gov. Osborn commissioned Capt. Lewis Hanback to investigate the affair and report. The con- clusion reached by Capt. Hanback was that "The attempt made by the Indian authorities to fasten the charge of murder and robbery on the whites, is wholly and utterly without foundation. It arises either from a misconception of the facts, or a willful desire to malign and mis- represent." (See Osborn's Administration.)

Following this event came four years of peace, and then came the last Indian raid in Kansas. That raid has been deemed sufficiently im- portant to receive separate treatment in this work. (See Cheyenne Raid, 1878.)

Industrial Schools .- John Howard, who died in 1790, was the first man to advocate a system of prison reform that would separate young persons, convicted for the first time, from hardened criminals-a sys- tem that has since found expression in the establishment of reform schools. As early as 1803, Edward Livingston, while mayor of New York city, suggested legislation in favor of such separation, and in 1821 he incorporated his ideas in the Louisiana code. The first organ- ized effort for the reformation of juvenile offenders was in England in 1817. Seven years later the city of New York established a "House

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of Refuge" in what is now known as Madison square; Boston followed with a similar institution in 1826, and Philadelphia opened a reform school in 1828. In 1900 there were 56 such schools in the United States.

MAIN BUILDING, BOYS' INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.

Kansas has two schools of this character, viz .: the "State Industrial School for Boys," at Topeka, and the "State Industrial School for Girls," at Beloit. The former was established under the provisions of an act passed by the legislature of 1879, which appropriated $35,000 for the erection of buildings, etc. The control and supervision of the school was placed in the hands of the board of trustees of the state charitable institutions, which was directed to select a site within 5 miles of the state house, provided the city of Topeka would donate a tract of not less than 160 acres of land for the purpose. Shortly after the passage of the act, the board appointed Dr. J. L. Wever, A. T. Sharpe and C. E. Faulkner as a committee to visit other states and examine into the workings of their reform schools. The committee reported in favor of founding an institution that should be educational rather than penal; that cells, bolts and bars should be omitted; that none over sixteen years of age should be admitted; that forms of trial in making commitments should be omitted as far as possible, and that there should be a complete separation of the sexes. The report was adopted and the school was founded upon that basis. It is located 3 miles north of the capitol building, on a tract of 170 acres which was

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given by the city of Topeka, and to this has been added 70 acres by purchase. The west wing of the main building was completed in time to open the school on June 1, 1881, with J. G. Eckles as superintendent. Mr. Eckles was succeeded on March I, 1882, by J. F. Buck, who served to the close of the fiscal year on June 30, 1891. Since then the superin- tendents have been as follows: W. E. Fagan, 1891-92; E. C. Hich- cock, 1893-94; W. H. Howell, 1895-96; J. M. Hart, 1897 to May 1, 1899; W. S. Hancock, May I, 1899, to Jan. 1, 1902; H. W. Charles, Jan. I, 1902

In his report for the fiscal year ending on June 30, 1900, Supt. Han- cock stated that upon assuming the management of the institution he found a number of boys whose conduct merited a discharge, but could not be discharged because they had no suitable homes to which they could go. He consulted with Gov. Stanley and the board of trustees, with the result that the parole system was adopted. That year 31 boys were sent out on parole and only two came back. They were again sent out-to different places-and that time remained. Since then the parole system has been made a permanent feature of the institution.

GIRLS' INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, BELOIT.

On Feb. 1, 1888, the Women's Christian Temperance Union of Beloit opened a school of a reformatory character for girls. This school was kept up by private contributions until the meeting of the legislature

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in 1889, when a law was passed appropriating $25,000 for the estab- lishment of a reform school for girls at Beloit, provided that city would "secure a suitable tract of land, without cost to the state, not less than 40 acres, within 3 miles of said city, as a site for said school," the site to be approved by the state board of charitable institutions. The people of Beloit donated a tract of 80 acres within half a mile of the city, and on March 18, 1889, the state took over the school that had been started the year previous by the Women's Christian Temperance Union. A building capable of accommodating 100 inmates was erected, and the first commitment was from Butler county on May 10, 1889.

The act creating the school gave courts of record and probate courts the power to commit: I. Any girl under the age of sixteen years who might be liable to punishment by imprisonment under any existing law of the state. 2. Any girl under sixteen, with the consent of her parent or guardian, against whom any charge of violation of law might have been made, the penalty for which would be imprisonment. 3. Any girl under sixteen who is incorrigible and habitually disregards the commands of her father, mother or guardian, and who leads a vagrant life, or resorts to immoral places or practices, and neglects or refuses. to perform labor suitable to her years, and to attend school. Every girl so committed to the institution was required to remain until she reached the age of twenty-one, unless sooner discharged upon the superintendent's recommendation, though girls might be apprenticed or dismissed upon probation, to be returned to the school if they proved untrustworthy. Biennial reports have been made by the super- intendents as follows: Mary Marshall, 1890; Martha P. Spencer, 1892; Tamsel F. Hahn, 1894; Mrs. S. V. Leeper, 1896; Phoebe J. Bare, 1898; Hester A. Hanback, 1900; and since that time to 1910 by Mrs. Julia B. Perry.

The aims and objects of the industrial schools are to surround way- ward boys and girls with an atmosphere of refinement and morality which will aid in their reformation, and to teach them the rudiments of some useful employment that will place in their hands the means of supporting themselves after being discharged from the institution. The boys are taught tailoring, shoe and harness making, woodworking of various kinds, baking, printing, etc., and the girls are taught sewing, weaving, cooking, gardening and horticulture, wood carving, clay modeling, and the general duties of the household. Music is taught in both schools, which are provided with libraries. A printing press has been installed in the boys' school, and a monthly paper called the "Boys' Chronicle" is issued and circulated'throughout the state and mailed to similar schools elsewhere.

Industry, a village in Clay county, is located on Chapman creek, 16. miles south of Clay Center, the county seat, and 9 miles southwest of Wakefield, the postoffice from which it receives its mail. There are several business establishments, among which are 2 flour mills. The population in 1910 was 250.

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Ingalls, a little town in Gray county, is located in the township of the same name, on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R. 6 miles west of Cimarron, the county seat. There are a number of stores, tele- graphi and express offices, and a money order postoffice. The popula- tion, according to the census of 1910, was 250. Ingalls was one of the candidates for county seat in the latter 'Sos, and at one time had the county offices.

Ingalls, John James, United States senator, was born at Middle- town, Mass., Dec. 29, 1833, a son of Elias T. and Eliza (Chase) Ingalls. He was a descendant of Edmond Ingalls, who, with his brother Francis,. founded the town of Lynn, Mass., in 1628. In 1855 he graduated at Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., and two years later was admit- ted to the bar in his native county of Essex. In 1858 he came to Kan- sas ; was a member of the Wyandotte constitutional convention in 1859; and was secretary of the territorial council in 1860. While secretary of the state senate in 1861, at the first session of the state legislature, he submitted a design for a state seal (see Seal of State), and in 1862 was elected to the state senate. During the Civil war he served as judge advocate on the staff of Gen. George W. Deitzler, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and in 1864 was nominated for lieutenant-governor on the "Anti-Lane" ticket. Mr. Ingalls married Miss Anna L. Cheese- borough of Atchison, Kan., in 1865, and in 1873 was elected to the United States senate to succeed Samuel C. Pomeroy. He was twice reëlected and served in the senate for 18 years, part of that time being- the presiding officer. He was a great reader, a close student of men and events, a fine parliamentarian, and was probably the readiest man in debate that ever represented Kansas in the upper house of Con- gress. Senator Harris of Tennessee said of him: "Mr. Ingalls will go down in history as the greatest presiding officer in the history of the senate." Mr. Ingalls was possessed of fine literary talent, and had he turned his attention in that direction instead of entering politics, his name would no doubt have been among the great writers of the country. His poem entitled "Opportunity," which has been widely quoted, is a classic. He died at Las Vegas, New Mex., Aug. 16, 1900. The writings, including essays, addresses and orations of Mr. Ingalls, were published in 1892 by Mrs. Ingalls. The book is dedicated to the. people of Kansas.

Inman, one of the important little towns of McPherson county, is located on the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R. 11 miles south- west of McPherson, the county seat. It has a bank, a weekly news- paper (the Inman Review), telegraph and express offices, and an inter- national money order postoffice with four rural routes. The population, according to the census of Igro, was 484. Inman is one of the newer towns of the county, and was named in honor of the famous pioneer character, Henry Inman. It is on the route of the old Santa Fe trail.

Inman, Henry, soldier and author, was born in the city of New York on July 3, 1837, of Dutch and Huguenot ancestry. In 1857 he was.

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commissioned second lieutenant in the United States army and was sent to the Pacific coast. On Oct. 22, 1861, he married Eunice C. Dyer of Portland, Me., where her father, Joseph W. Dyer, was a well known ship builder. During the Civil war Lieut. Inman served as an aide on the staff of Gen. George Sykes, and on Feb. 11, 1869, was brevetted lieutenant-colonel. After the war he won distinction as a magazine writer. In 1895 he published "The Old Santa Fe Trail," which was widely read. This was followed by "The Great Salt Lake Trail," "The Ranch on the Oxhide," and the ""Delahoyd Boys." For several years before his death Mr. Inman was in feeble health and he left a number of unfinished manuscripts. He died at Topeka, Kan., Nov. 13, 1899.

Insane Asylums .- The three Kansas institutions for the care and treatment of persons of unsound mind are the "Topeka State Hospital," the "Osawatomie State Hospital," and the "Epileptic Hospital," each of which is treated under its own title.

Internal Improvements .- Section 8, Article XI, of the state constitu- tion of Kansas, reads: "The state shall never be a party in carrying on any works of internal improvements."

By this provision Kansas escaped the heavy burden of indebtedness that fell on some of the Western and Southern states through the adoption of a so-called "liberal policy" in the construction of railroads, canals, etc. But, while the state as a unit was thus prohibited from aiding in the work of internal improvement, the legislature has repeat- edly given authority to county commissioners and to municipal authori- ties in incorporated cities to issue bonds for internal improvements. The General Statutes of 1868 (Chapter 52) provides the method in which counties and cities might issue bonds for building bridges and erecting buildings for public purposes, said bonds to be made payable in not less than ten nor more than twenty years, but before being issued the question was to be submitted to a vote of the people.

Since that time there has been scarcely a session of the general assembly at which bills have not been introduced providing for bond issues by counties or municipalities for bridges, school houses, court- houses, waterworks, electric light plants, poor houses, jails, etc. Many of these bills have become laws, and much of the improvement of Kan- sas counties and cities is due to such legislation.

Invasion of the 2,700 .- Early in the forenoon of Sept. 14, 1856, a mes- senger rode into Lawrence and announced that a large body of Mis- sourians, which had been in camp on the Wakarusa, were advancing on the town. They were the territorial militia called into service by the order of acting Gov. Woodson, and the plan was to destroy Lawrence before any contrary instructions could be received from the newly ap- pointed governor, Geary. Brinton W. Woodward, in his address before the Kansas Historical Society in 1898, said: "The actual number of the enemy was unknown to us, but we had reason to believe that it was overwhelming in comparison with our depleted remnant. There has always been some latitude in its estimate-whether 2,500 or 2,800;

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but supplied as they were with the best of arms, 4 pieces of cannon, officered by the men of most military experience among our bitter foes, and led by John W. Reid, ex-colonel of the Mexican war, there were surely enough of them to wipe us out utterly."

Including all the defenders, old and young, there were probably not more than 200 men in Lawrence. The three forts located near Vermont, Massachusetts and Rhode Island streets, bearing east and west from each other in a line coinciding to that of Henry street, were first manned. These earthworks were rudely constructed and about 4 feet high. A second detachment, about 40 in number, was stationed in the fort on Mount Oread, south of where North College now stands. It occupied a commanding position but without cannon was in no condition to put up a strong defense, yet some historians believe that this fort had much to do with saving Lawrence. John Brown was among the defenders, and while he had no command gave the defenders council and advice. Anxiety increased as the day wore on and no news or relief came from Gov. Geary. At length-between 4 and 5 o'clock p. m .- the enemy was seen advancing toward Franklin, about 3 miles southeast of Lawrence, having fired Stroup's mill on the way. The defenders realized that the enemy must be repulsed or they would all perish in the city. Col. O. E. Learnard, who had been commanding a little force of horse- men, left the town with what few men he could gather, and started down the road toward Blanton's bridge. Two other parties were also sent out, one under Capt. Cracklin, but the leader of the second party, sent out by John Brown, is not known. The party in command of Col. Learnard went about 2 miles from town, and finding no enemy in that direction, turned eastward and joined the other parties upon an elevated ridge of land which commanded the road from Franklin, where they intercepted the advance of the Missourians about 300 strong. The free- state men, seeing that the southerners were attempting to cut them off, began to retreat up the road toward town, keeping up a running fire for some distance. When the Missourians had advanced some distance they left the road, approached much nearer the town and circled around northward on the prairie. It is thought the pro-slavery men believed that there was a cannon in the fort on Mount Oread, and that this idea prevented them from making a dash into the town, as the men in the fort deployed in a manner to present quite a formidable array. The Missouri force evidently concluded that they had not sufficient strength to take the town and retired to their main body. That evening Gov. Geary arrived with the United States troops, the crisis was passed and Lawrence was saved from the sack, burning and plunder which was some few years later to be her fate. (See Geary's Administration.)

Iola, the seat of justice and largest city of Allen county, is situated a little northwest of the center of the county, at the junction of the Atchi- son, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Missouri, Kansas & Texas, and the Mis- souri Pacific railways. Duncan's History of Allen County says that a meeting was held in Jan., 1859, at the residence of J. C. Clark, near the

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mouth of Deer creek, to locate a new town with a view to making it the county seat. A town company was organized with John W. Scott, president ; John Hamilton, vice-president; J. M. Perkins, secretary ; and James McDonald, treasurer. The town was named for Mrs. Iola Col- born, the wife of J. F. Colborn, who erected the first frame house, a log house having been previously put up by Bolivar B. Bayne. In 1860 James Faulkner and Aaron Case removed their stores from the old town of Cofachique to Iola. Little progress was made during the war, but in the few years immediately following the growth was more rapid. In 1866 W. H. Johnson began the publication of the Neosho Valley Regis- ter, which was the first newspaper. The first bank was started by the King Bridge company, but when the bridge company went out of busi- ness the bank also ceased to exist. L. L. Northrup then started a private bank, which later developed into the present Northrup National bank. The city also has two state banks and a savings bank. Iola is well equipped with paved streets, a good waterworks system, electric lights, a street railway system, a fire department, gas for both heating and illuminating purposes, an opera house, two daily and three weekly news- papers, a public library, five fine graded public schools and a high school, and various religious denominations are represented by handsome houses of worship. Eight large cement factories turn out about 25,000 barrels a day, employing about 3,000 men ; the 9 zinc smelters produce about one-third of the world's supply ; and a large spelter employs some 1,800 persons. There are also flour mills, brick and tile works, iron works, planing mills, ice factory and cold storage plant, rug factory, bottling works, creamery, broom factory, and a number of smaller manufacturing enterprises. Iola is connected by an electric railway with La Harpe, the line passing through the gas field, with branches to Bassett and Con- crete. On Feb. 28, 1870, Iola was incorporated as a city of the second class by an act of the legislature. The population in 1910, according to the U. S. census, was 9,032, and the city was at that time composed of six wards. Four rural delivery routes emanate from the Iola post- office and supply mail to a large agricultural district and a number of smaller villages.

Ionia, a village of Jewell county, is located in Ionia township, 12 miles southwest of Mankato, the county seat, and 9 miles west of Jewell City, on the middle branch of Limestone creek and the Smith Center and Jewell City road. It has banking facilities, postoffice and telegraph. It was homesteaded in 1869 and settled in 1870. The population in 1910 was 250.

Iowa Point, an old town in Doniphan county, is located on the Mis- souri river and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy R. R. in Iowa town- ship 14 miles northwest of Troy, the county seat. It has express and telegraph offices and a money order postoffice. The population in 1910 was 150. This is one of the important towns of the county, historically. It was founded in 1855 by H. W. Forman, J. W. Forman and J. S. Pem- berton on land formerly belonging to Rev. S. M. Irwin, the missionary.

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Kansas; a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc. with a supplementary volume devoted to selected personal history and reminiscence, Voilume I, Part 113

Author: Blackmar, Frank Wilson, 1854-1931, ed Publication date: 1912 Publisher: Chicago, Standard publishing company Number of Pages: 954

Author: Blackmar, Frank Wilson, 1854-1931, ed
Publication date: 1912
Publisher: Chicago, Standard publishing company
Number of Pages: 954