USA > Kansas > Kansas; a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc. with a supplementary volume devoted to selected personal history and reminiscence, Voilume I > Part 93
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Gove, Grenville L., soldier, was a son of Moses Gove, who was at one time mayor of Manhattan. At the breaking out of the Civil war he enlisted in Company F, Sixth Kansas cavalry as a private, but was soon made a corporal. In the summer of 1862 he was assigned to duty as a recruiting officer and raised Company G, Eleventh Kansas cavalry, of which he was commissioned first lieutenant. In May, 1864, he was pro- moted to captain and remained in command of the company until his death at Olathe, Kan., Nov. 7, 1864. Gove county and a Grand Army post at Manhattan have been named in his honor.
Governors .- Kansas became an organized territory on May 30, 1854, but the territorial government was not fully established until the 7th of the following October. Between that time and Feb. 9, 1861, when the state government was inaugurated, the territory had six governors and five acting governors. The governors and their terms of service were as follows :
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Andrew H, Reeder, from Oct. 7, 1854 to April 17, 1855, and again from June 23 to Aug. 16, 1855; Wilson Shannon, from Sept. 7, 1855, to June 24, 1856, and from July 7, to Aug. 18, 1856; John W. Geary, from Sept. 9, 1856, to March 12, 1857; Robert J. Walker, from May 27 to Nov. 16, 1857; James W. Denver, from May 12 to Oct. 10, 1858; Samuel Medary, from Dec. 18, 1858, to Aug. 1, 1859, Sept 15, 1859, to April 15, 1860, June 16 to Sept. II, and Nov. 25 to Dec. 17, 1860.
Daniel Woodson, the first territorial secretary, was five times acting governor, to-wit: April 17 to June 23, 1855; Aug. 16 to Sept. 7, 1855; June 24 to July 7, 1856; Aug. 18 to Sept. 9, 1856; and March 12 to April 16, 1857. Frederick P. Stanton was acting governor from April 16 to May 27, 1857, and again from Nov. 16 to Dec. 21, 1857. James W. Den- ver was acting governor from Dec. 21, 1857, to May 12, 1858, when he was appointed governor. Hugh S. Walsh served as acting governor from July 3 to July 30, 1858; Oct. 10 to Dec. 18 1858; Aug. I to Sept. 15, 1859, and from April 15 to June 15, 1860. George M. Beebe was acting gover- nor from Sept. II to Nov. 25, 1860, and from Dec. 17, 1860, to Feb. 9, 1861.
Section I, article I, of the Wyandotte constitution, under which the state was admitted into the Union, provided that the governors should be inaugurated on the "second Monday of January next after their elec- tion, and with the exception of Gov. Charles Robinson, who came into office on Feb. 9, 1861, this date has been the beginning of the guberna- torial term of office. Following is a list of the state governors, each of whom was inaugurated on the date mentioned.
Charles Robinson, Feb. 9, 1861 ; Thomas Carney, Jan. 12, 1863; Sam- nel J. Crawford, Jan. 9, 1865, (Gov. Crawford resigned on Nov. 4, 1868, and Lieut .- Gov. Nehemiah Green took the oath of office the same day, serving until the close of the term for which Crawford had been elected) ; James M. Harvey, Jan. 11, 1869; Thomas A. Osborn, Jan. 13, 1873; George T. Anthony, Jan. 8, 1877; John P. St. John, Jan. 13, 1879; George W. Glick, Jan. 8, 1883; John A. Martin, Jan. 12 1885; Lyman U. Hum- phrey, Jan. 14. 1889; Lorenzo D. Lewelling, Jan. 9, 1893; Edmund N. Morrill, Jan. 14, 1895 ; John W. Leedy, Jan. 11, 1897 ; William E. Stanley, Jan. 9, 1899; Willis J. Bailey, Jan. 12, 1903; Edward W. Hoch, Jan. 9, 1905; Walter R. Stubbs, Jan. 1I, 1909.
Of the state governors, Crawford, Harvey, Osborn, St. John, Martin, Humphrey, Stanley, Hoch and Stubbs were each elected for two terms.
Grace, a small hamlet of Sherman county, is situated in the Beaver creek valley, about 18 miles northeast of Goodland, the county seat. It was formerly a postoffice, but now the people receive mail by rural delivery from Edson, which is the nearest railroad station.
Gradan, a country postoffice in Graham county, is located in Allodium township, 17 miles northwest of Hill City, the county seat, and 8 from Moreland, the nearest shipping point.
Grafstrom, Edward, mechanical engineer, was born at Motola, Sweden, Dec. 19, 1862. He was educated at the Orebro University (I-49)
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and the Boras Institute of Technology, where he was graduated in mechanical engineering at the age of nineteen years. Soon afterward he came to America, where he found employment with the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad company, and at the time of his death he was chief mechancial engineer of that great corporation. Mr. Graf- strom met his fate in a manner that was both sad and tragic. At the time of the great flood in the spring of 1903 he designed and hastily constructed a small steamer, with which he engaged in rescuing the inhabitants of the flooded districts of Topeka. Hundreds of people were conveyed to places of safety through his energy and foresight. On the night of June 2, while trying to rescue still more, his boat was capsized, and while the other five members of the crew succeeded in saving themselves, Mr. Grafstrom was swept away by the raging waters. His body was never recovered. On June 6, 1906, a commit- tee of railroad men presented to the Kansas Historical Society a fine bronze tablet bearing an inscription recounting his deed of valor and his heroic sacrifice. The presentation of the tablet was made in the hall of the house of representatives, Gov. Hoch and James A. Trout- man delivering addresses in which they paid a high tribute to Mr. Grafstrom's scholarly attainments and the unselfish disposition which caused him to forfeit his life while trying to save others.
Grafton, one of the inland hamlets of Chautauqua county, is located on North Caney Creek, 6 miles north of Sedan, the county seat, from whence it receives its mail by rural route. Sedan is also the nearest shipping and banking point.
Graham County, in the northwestern part of the state, is the fourth county from the west line and the second south from Nebraska. It is bounded on the north by Norton county, on the east by Rooks, on the south by Trego, and on the west by Sheridan.
The first settlements were made on Bow creek in the northern part of the county in 1872. The first to locate was W. E. Ridgley in May. Following him were: Dr. A. D. Wilkinson, E. Poole, F. Schuler, M. N. Colman, John McGeary, Burris Harper, Robert Morrison, Joseph Morrison, Charles Smith, Peter Young, Paris Stevens, Frank Nickol, T. C. Deshon and some others. The first settler to locate elsewhere than on Bow creek was P. H. Collins, who took a claim 10 miles south. Z. T. Fletcher located on the site of Nicodemus and started the first grocery store at that place in 1872. Mrs. Fletcher was the first white woman in the county. On coming into Graham county the settlers found plenty of building material-stone, lime and sand. There was timber on Bow creek but the contractors for the army cut it off and in a few years fuel was very scarce. The bluffs along the streams formed natural stock corrals, and on the Solomon and on Brush, Spring and Bow creeks there were plenty of good mill sites. Up until 1875 the chief occupation was hunting, hauling buffalo bones and raising a few cattle. It was not until 1876 that there was a mill nearer than Glen Elder in Mitchell county, over 80 miles away. There were 75 people in the county at this time, but six years later there were 4,258.
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The early towns were: Hill City, established by W. R. Hill in 1876, Nicodemus, Millbrook, Gettysburg, Roscoe and Smithville. Nicodemus, the second town in the county, was established by a town company in 1877 on the site where Mr. Fletcher had established his store on Spring creek. The other towns were established in 1878: Millbrook, by N. C. Terrell; Gettysburg, by A. J. Wheeler; Roscoe, by G. E. Higinbotham. The postoffices in all these towns were estab- lished in 1878, the postmasters being: J. W. Crawford at Hill City, Z. T. Fletcher at Nicodemus, N. C. Terrell at Millbrook, Joseph Getty at Gettysburg, G. E. Higinbotham at Roscoe. The first postoffice was called Graham and was on Bow creek. It was established in 1874, with H. W. Windom as postmaster. Houston, the second postoffice, was established in 1875, with Oren Nevins as postmaster. The first Sunday school was held at the home of J. A. Holliway in 1874, the first ser- mon was preached near the Houston postoffice by Rev. J. M. Brown in 1876. The first school district was organized at Nicodemus. The first drug store was opened by C. Fountain on the site of Millbrook in June, 1878. Three newspapers were established in 1879-the West- ern Star at Hill City in May, by Beaumont & Garnett; the Millbrook Times, a Greenback paper. by B. F. Graves in July, and the Graham County Lever at Gettysburg by McGill & Hogue in August. Another paper, the Roscoe Tribune, was established in May, 1880, by Worches- ter & Kellogg. In 1881 there were 22 postoffices, 22 church organiza- tions, 40 organized school districts and 42 business houses.
County organization was effected on April 1, 1880, with Millbrook as the county seat. The appointed officers were: Clerk, E. P. Mc- Cabe; commissioners, E. C. Moses and O. G. Nevins. The first elec- tion was held on June I. Hill City was chosen as the permanent county seat, and the following officers were elected: Representative, J. L. Walton; commissioners, A. Mort, G. W. Morehouse and J. N. Glover ; county clerk, John Deprad; county attorney, J. R. McCowen ; register of deeds, H. J. Harrvi ; treasurer, L. Thoman ; surveyor, L. Pritchard; sheriff, E. A. Moses; coroner, Dr. Butterfield ; probate judge, James Gordon.
The following incident is an illustration of the sufferings and priva- tions of early days in Graham county : A man by the name of Allen was living with his wife and five children about 20 miles north of Millbrook in the winter of 1880. On Wednesday Mr. Allen went to Millbrook to get some coal. On his way back he was caught in a blizzard and lost his way. When he reached home Friday morning he found his family all frozen to death.
Graham county is divided into 13 townships, viz: Allodium, Bryant, Gettysburg, Graham, Happy, Hill City, Indiana, Millbrook, Morlan, Nicodemus, Pioneer, Solomon and Wild Horse. The postoffices are, Hill City, the county seat, Bogue, Gradan, Morland, Nicodemus, Pen- okee, Saint Peter and Togo. The Union Pacific R. R. runs through the central part of the county from east to west, passing through Hill City.
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The largest stream is the south fork of the Solomon river which flows east through the central part. It has numerous tributaries. Sev- eral creeks in the southern part of the county are tributary to the Saline. The timber belts along these streams are narrow and contain the vari- eties of wood most common to Kansas. The bottom lands average one mile in width. Limestone, sandstone, and gypsum are plentiful.
This is a remarkable alfalfa section, and has some of the largest farms in the state. It is also a stock and grain county. The farm products are worth about $3,000,000 per annum, that of 1910 lacking a few thou- sand dollars of that amount. Wheat in that year brought $794,716; corn, $872,060; tame grasses, $213,854; wild grasses, $91,259; animals sold for slaughter, $604,652. Dairy products, poultry, sorghum, potatoes and Kafir corn are also important.
The assessed valuation of property in 1910 was $13,146,430. The population in that year was 8,700.
Grainfield, an incorporated city of Gove county, is located in Grain- field township, on the Union Pacific R. R., II miles north of Gove, the county seat. It has a bank, an elevator, a number of mercantile estab- lishments, a money order postoffice with one rural route, telegraph and express offices, and the population according to the census of 1910 was 309. The town was started by the railroad company which sent a Mr. Beal from Abilene in 1879 to project a town. He started at once to erect a $10,000 stone hotel, known as the Occidental house. The spirit was catching, and before his hotel was finished a number of buildings were put up, including two stores. In four months' time it was a full fledged town with all conveniences of life, and with a population of 150. The first newspaper was the Grainfield Republican established in 1880.
Granada, one of the hamlets of Nemaha county, is located in Granada township 17 miles southeast of Seneca, the county seat, and 8 miles north of Wetmore, from which place it receives its mail. It is one of the oldest settled places in the county, the first person to locate in the vicin- ity having been D. M. Locknane in 1855. Other early settlers were: Messrs. Chappel, Pilant, Haigh, Searles, Vilott, Spencer, Anderson, Ter- rill, Wright, Letson, Knapp, Nevil, Swerdferger, O'Brien, Riley, Duwalt, Brown and Steer. A store was built in 1856 and Granada became a station on the old overland route to Denver. It had one of the first wells in Kansas, and at the time of the Civil war was a thrifty little town. With the advent of railroads to both north and south it lost its prestige. The census of 1910 records it as having 47 inhabitants.
Grand Army of the Republic .- The membership of this patriotic order is composed of veteran Union soldiers and sailors of the Civil war. It was founded in the winter of 1865-66 by Dr. B. F. Stephenson and Rev. WV. J. Rudolph of Illinois, the first post having been instituted at Decatur, Ill., April 6, 1866, and the first national encampment assembled at In- dianapolis, Ind., on Nov. 20 following. The motto of the order is "Fra- ternity, Commemoration and Assistance," and its objects are to aid the widows and orphans of soldiers, collect relics, and erect monuments
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and homes to commemorate the valor of the Union soldier and pro- vide for themselves.
Similar societies were organized in other states soon after the close of the war. Lieut .- Col. Henry S. Greene, of the Fourth Arkansas cavalry, located in Topeka in Sept., 1865, and in December organized a society of veteran soldiers and sailors which took the name of the "Veteran Brotherhood." Greene was elected commander of the first camp at Topeka, other societies were organized, and in June, 1866, a state con- vention was held at Topeka. In the Indianapolis convention or en- campment in November, the Kansas Veteran Brotherhood was repre- sented by Maj. Thomas J. Anderson. In Dec., 1866, another state en- campment was held at Topeka, when it was resolved to transfer the Veteran Brotherhood to the Grand Army of the Republic. The camp at Topeka became Lincoln Post No. I, which is still in existence, though it was discontinued for a time. There were at that time 32 camps of the Veteran Brotherhood in the state.
A provisional organization was effected in Feb., 1872, with W. S. Jenkins as provisional department commander. In 1876 Col. John Guthrie became provisional commander, and on March 16, 1880, Kan- sas was made a regular department of the Grand Army of the Republic. The first annual encampment of the state department was held at Topeka, beginning on Jan. 18, 1882. The past department commanders since that time have been as follows: J. C. Walkinshaw, 1882; Thomas J. Anderson, 1883; Homer W. Pond, 1884; Milton Stewart, 1885; C. J. McDivitt, 1886; T. H. Soward, 1887; J. W. Feighan, 1888; Henry Booth, 1889; Ira F. Collins, 1890; Tim McCarthy, 1891 ; A. R. Greene, 1892; Bernard Kelley, 1893; W. P. Campbell, 1894; J. P. Harris, 1895; W. C. Whitney, 1896; Theodore Botkin, 1897; D. W. Eastman, 1898; O. H. Coulter, 1899; W. W. Martin, 1900; J. B. Remington, 1901; H. C. Loomis, 1902; A. W. Smith, 1903; Charles Harris, 1904; P. H. Coney, 1905-06; R. A. Campbell, 1907; W. A. Morgan, 1908; Joel H. Rickel, 1909; N. E. Harmon, 1910; T. P. Anderson, 19II.
At one time the Grand Army of the Republic in the United States numbered over 400,000 members, but death has thinned the ranks until in 1910 the number was only a few over 200,000. The roster of the Kansas department for 1911 shows 498 posts in the state, with a total membership in excess of 10,000. The largest post in the state is Gar- field Post No. 25, located at Wichita, which reported 444 members. The second largest was Lincoln No. I, of Topeka, which reported 361. Some of the posts reported as few as 6 members, and others reported from 8 to 12, only 15 posts reporting over 100.
On various occasions the Grand Army of the Republic in Kansas has influenced legislation. The order was largely responsible for the es- tablishment of the state soldiers' home, the orphans' home, and the erection of the memorial hall in Topeka. In 1885 an act was passed making it a violation of law to wear the Grand Army badge unless the wearer should be a member; in 1895 two rooms in the capitol were
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set apart by law for the Grand Army museum. In 1901 the sum of $1,000 was appropriated to provide furniture for storing relics, flags, etc., and at the same session the state authorities were directed to turn over to the Grand Army 312 tents to be used at encampments. In 1905 an appropriation of $1,500 was made to provide additional cases for the display of relics, etc.
The Women's Relief Corps, the ladies' auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, had its origin at Portland, Me., in 1869, when some women whose husbands belonged to Bosworth Post organized a relief society for local work among the needy. Within the next few years the women of other localities formed aid societies, etc., and in April, 1879, representatives of these societies from several states met at Fitch- burg, Mass., and organized the Women's Relief Corps. The first state society to take that name was that of New Hampshire in 1880. In New Jersey the "Ladies' Loyal League" changed its name to the Women's Relief Corps in 1881. Two years later the Grand Army, in annual encampment at Denver, Col., recognized the Women's Re- lief Corps as an auxiliary, and the following year the first national convention was held.
In Kansas the first corps was formed at Leavenworth in 1883, by Mrs. Emily Jenkins and eleven other women. Mrs. Jenkins has been called the "mother" of the movement in Kansas. A state organiza- tion was effected at Mound City, April 28, 1896, when Lucy A. M. Dewey was elected president; Mrs. M. M. Stearns, secretary ; and Mrs. Maria Hurley, treasurer. In 1910 were about 160,000 members in the United States, of which Kansas had a fair proportion. The principal officers of the Kansas corps for 1911 were: President, Lillian M. Hendricks; senior vice-president, Mary McFarland; junior vice-presi- dent, Kate Kilmer; secretary, Marian S. Nation; treasurer, Florence A. Bunn.
Grand Haven, a small settlement in the extreme southwest cor- ner of Shawnee county, is about 20 miles from Topeka, the county seat, and 8 miles from Eskridge, which is the most convenient rail- road station, whence mail is received by rural carrier.
Grand Summit, a village of Cowley county, is a station on the Atchi- son, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R. 29 miles northeast of Winfield, the county seat. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, some general stores, does some shipping, and in 1910 reported a popu- lation of 52.
Grange Movement .- (See Patrons of Husbandry.)
Grant County, in the southwestern part of the state, is the second north from the Oklahoma line and the second east from Colorado. It was created in 1887 out of Finney county territory, by act of the legis- lature which fixed its boundaries as follows: "Commencing at the intersection of the east line of range 35 west with the north line of township 27 south; thence south along range line to where it inter- sects the 6th standard parallel; thence west along the 6th standard
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parallel to where it is intersected by the east line of range 39 west; thence north along said range line to its intersection with the north line of township 27 south ; thence east to the place of beginning."
In compliance with a petition from the citizens the governor appointed T. J. Jackson to take the census. He made his report in Aug., 1887, which showed that there were 2,716 inhabitants, 653 of whom were householders, and $534,756 worth of taxable property. There were three candidates for the county seat, Ulysses, Cincinnati and Surprise, the latter being a little town 4 miles northwest of Ulysses and 2 miles north of Cincinnati. The governor's proclamation was not made until June, 1888. It named Ulysses as the temporary county seat, and ap- pointed the following officers: Commissioners, J. A. Huff, Richard Brollier and P. F. Raudebaugh; clerk, Samuel Swendson; sheriff, H. M. Bacon.
An election to decide the location of the county seat was held on Oct. 16, 1888, and resulted in favor of Ulysses, but the fight did not end there. It was settled in the supreme court in 1890, Ulysses in the end . being the victor. Some interesting evidence was brought out in court by Alvin Campbell, who was a Cincinnati partisan. He introduced facts to show that the city council of Ulysses had bonded the people to the extent of $36,000 to buy votes. It was an open secret that votes were bought. Professional voters had been brought in and boarded for the requisite 30 days before the election and given $10 each when they had voted, but it was not known at the time that this had been done at public expense. Professional toughs were also hired to in- timidate the Cincinnati voters. It was claimed that Ulysses bought 338 votes. The exposure of the fact that public funds had been used created excitement among the citizens who found themselves thus in- volved for the payment of bonds, and those to blame for the outrage retaliated upon Alvin Campbell by tarring him in Aug., 1889. It was also shown in court that Cincinnati had bought votes and engaged in irregular practices, and Ulysses finally won, though it was a dearly bought victory. Added to the $36,000 spent in the county seat fight was $13,000 in bonds, which had been voted for a school house and $8,000 for a court-house.
Then came the panic and crop failure of 1898. The population of Ulysses fell from 1,500 to 400, and later to only 40. Buildings were moved away. Banks closed and the merchants let their stock of goods run down. A succession of good years brought prosperity. A new bank was opened, new buildings were erected to take the place of those moved away, and all would have been well but for the old debt which hung like a weight to the town. The bonds were due in 1908, and with accrued interest amounted to $84,000. It was decided to move the town to a new location. Only two people who had passed through the boom days remained, and the newcomers could not see the justice of their having to pay a debt from which they derived no benefit. A new and better site was selected, about half way to the old site of Cincinnati,
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which had meantime become. a field. It was no light work to move the whole town, which had a hotel of 35 rooms, a bank, a printing office, a number of fair sized stores and a number of residences. Mov- ing outfits were brought from Garden City and St. John to do the heaviest hauling while several local teamsters handled the lighter work. As a result of damage done to the bank building, the safe sat out in the street for several weeks without being disturbed. The court-house was left on the old site and the county officers continued to do busi- ness there. The school house was not moved, so the people did not take with them any of the "benefits" for which the town had been bonded. The town is now called New Ulysses.
The surface of Grant county is prairie. The north fork of the Cimar- ron river enters 2 miles north of the southwest corner, flows in a north- easterly direction to the center, thence southeast across the eastern boundary. The south fork of the same river flows east across the southern part, joining the north fork near the east line of the county.
The county is divided into three townships-Lincoln, Sullivan and Sherman. The postoffices are, Doby, Gognac, Lawson, New Ulysses and Warrendale. There are no railroads at present, but a line of the Athchison, Topeka & Santa Fe will probably be extended from Jetmore southwest through Grant county. The nearest shipping point is Hart- land in Kearny county.
Grant is one of the counties in which irrigation is used. The special session of the legislature in 1908 passed an act authorizing the county commissioners to appropriate money to drill artesian wells for irri- gating purposes. The farm products amount to about $250,000 a year. In 1910 the wheat crop was worth $9,000, corn, $14,724, broom-corn, $70,000, milo maize, $30,000, Kafir corn, $47,000 and Jerusalem corn, $31,000. Animals sold for slaughter and dairy products amounted to over $30,000.
The population in 1910 was 1,087 as against 422 in 1900. The as- sessed valuation of property in 1910 was $1,797,214. Grant being one of the newer counties, and just having recovered from the effects of its boom days, has only begun to grow. The railroad and an increase of the irrigated area will doubtless cause a large increase in population and the value of property in the next few years.
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