USA > Kansas > Kansas; a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc. with a supplementary volume devoted to selected personal history and reminiscence, Voilume I > Part 33
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after a trying march of fourteen days from Camp Beecher, the wagon train belonging to the regiment not arriving until the afternoon of Dec. 1. After the Indians were compelled to make terms, they received rations at Camp Supply.
Camp Thompson .- On April 29, 1858, Lieut .- Col. George Andrews of the Sixth United States infantry established a camp near Fort' Leaven- worth and named it Camp Thompson. It was not intended for more than temporary occupany, and was abandoned on May 7, 1858, less than ten days after it was established.
Campbell College, located at Holton, Kan., is a result of the merger of two institutions, Campbell University of Holton and Lane Univer- sity (q. v.). In 1879 the people of Jackson county determined to estab- lish an institution of higher education at Holton, and a public meeting was called to devise ways and means. The result of this meeting was
CAMPBELL COLLEGE.
the appointment of a committee to correspond with A. G. Campbell. a wealthy mine owner of Utah, who had been a resident of Jackson county, to see what he would contribute toward the school. Mr. Camp- bell offered a sum of money to the enterprise equal to a paid-up sub- scription of not more than $20,000 by the citizens of Jackson county. A canvass was at once begun and in a short time, subscriptions to the amount of $10,000 by the people of Jackson county were reported. Mr. Campbell gave a like amount and $1.100 additional for the purchase of II acres of land for the campus. In 1880 a fine stone building was
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erected and leased by Prof. J. H. Miller, and in September the school was opened. In 1883 a dormitory was built and by 1887 the school had grown to such an extent that an addition was built.
In the summer of 1896 a corporation was organized under the name of the University company, which became the owner of the institution and B. F. Kizer was elected president. Campbell College was organized under the auspices of the United Brethren church, which had been offered the property of Campbell University, provided the church would operate the school. A charter was granted to the college on Nov. 26, 1902, and on Jan. 6, 1903, Campbell University deeded to the new insti- tution all her belongings at Holton, and the A. G. Campbell bequest of $100,000. The people of Holton agreed to raise $10,000, as an endow- ment, provided the church would raise $40,000, within five years.
A relocation committee was appointed by the board of trustees of Lane University in June, 1902, and later in the summer the two insti- tutions were consolidated. The new college was opened to students in Sept., 1903.
Campbell College has a four-year college course, a two-year normal course, a three-year academic course and a one-year preparatory course. The commercial department has grown up with the college and offers courses for training in all branches of business. In 1910, Thomas D. Crites was president of the college; W. S. Reese, dean; they were ably assisted by a faculty of fourteen able instructors, and an enrollment of over 500. The United Brethren churches of Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma have assured the college their support, which places it upon a firm financial foundation.
Campbell, George, lawyer and author, was born in Yates county, N. Y., April 29, 1848. He was educated at Starkey Seminary, Eddy- town, N. Y., and subsequently studied law. In 1870 he came to Kansas and settled in Mound Valley township, Labette county, where he engaged in farming and stock raising, and also taught school. In 1873 he married Sarah E. Drenner of Mound Valley. He had been reared in the Republican faith, and was a member of that party until 1872, when he joined the Liberal Republican movement and supported Horace Greeley for president. He was active in organizing the Greenback party and in 1884 was one of the organizers of the Farmers' and Laborers' Union, which he assisted in establishing in 26 states. Mr. Campbell entered the field of journalism as editor of the Kansas State Alliance, published at Parsons, which was made the official organ of the Populist party when it was organized in 1890. Subsequently he removed to Oswego and opened a law office, then went to Coffeyville, Kan., where he served as county judge, and in 1899 was elected to the state senate. Mr. Campbell has gained a wide reputation as an author, his best known works being, "The Life and Death of Worlds," "America, Past, Present and Future" and "The Greater United States."
Campbell, Philip Pitt, lawyer and member of Congress, is a native of Nova Scotia, having been born at Cape Breton in that province on April
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25, 1862, a son of Daniel A. and Mary (McRae) Campbell. Coming to Kansas at an early age, he was educated at Baker University, where he received the degree of A. B. in 1888, and the degree of A. M. in 1891. He was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1889, and on Nov. 23, 1892, married Miss Helen E. Goff of Walnut, Crawford county. Mr. Camp- bell began the practice of his profession in Pittsburg, where he is still located. He has always taken a keen interest in public questions, and after locating at Pittsburg came to be recognized as one of the active Republicans of the county. In 1902 he was nominated by his party to represent the Third district in Congress, was elected in November of that year, and has been reelected at each succeeding election to 1910.
Campus, a village of Grinnell township, Gove county, is a station on the Union Pacific R. R. near the northwest corner of the county, about 20 miles from Gove, the county seat. It has a money order postoffice, telephone connections, general stores, a lumber yard, etc., and in 1910 reported a population of 50.
Canada, a hamlet of Marion county, is a station on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R. 5 miles west of Marion, the county seat. It has telegraph and express offices and a money order postoffice. The population in 1910 was 61.
Candle Box .- As the depository of fraudulent election returns the Calhoun "candle box" is an interesting incident in early history. Gov. Robert J. Walker came to Kansas determined that Kansas citizens should have fair play. Although he defended the territorial legislature as legitimate, he entreated the free-state men to vote in the election of delegates to the Lecompton constitutional convention; offered military protection at the polls, and pledged himself to oppose the constitution if it were not submitted to the people. Surveyor-General John Calhoun and his colleagues were candidates for delegates in Douglas county, and Gov. Walker compelled them to pledge themselves that the constitution should be submitted to the people for ratification or rejection. The surveyor-general and his friends did not approve of Mr. Walker's policy, because submission of the constitution to the people would lose Kansas to slavery and would defeat the Calhoun chance for United States senator.
The fall election came and by fraud, violence and a Cincinnati direc- tory, the pro-slavery party won. Gov. Walker investigated the election, probed the fraud, and gave the certificates to the free-state men. This did not increase his popularity with the Calhoun faction, which made the Lecompton constitution, but refused to submit it as a whole to the people, Calhoun was president of the convention, the recipient and judge of the returns, with power to issue certificates of election, ignoring the governor who should have had this presidency and power. When the non-submission of the constitution became apparent, Gov. Walker and his friends made every effort to have it rejected by Congress, which resulted in a big contest between the two elements represented. "The pro-slavery element had power in Congress to bind in the thrall of that constitution. Frauds were charged and denied. The battle wavered.
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Nothing but the exposure of these frauds, shocking the moral sense of the nation and making the glaring wrong impossible, could give victory to the people. Such exposure could save Kansas to freedom and prevent immediate civil war likely to grow out of the enforcement of a consti- tution forced on a protesting people. The territorial legislature-free- state because of Gov. Walker's rejection of the fraudulent returns- seconded their friends at Washington by instituting an investigation. They appointed a committee to inquire. Calhoun determining they should not see the returns fled to Missouri." L. A. McClean, the chief clerk to Mr. Calhoun, was left to manage the situation. While at a ball at the Eldridge House, he was summoned before the investigating com- mittee and swore that Mr. Calhoun had taken the returns to Missouri with him. When Mr. McClean returned to the office after the ball lie concealed the returns in a place soon made known by one of the em- ployees of the surveyor-general. This employee was known as Dutch Charley and was employed by Mr. Calhoun as a man of all work. He was a free-state man, and deeply interested in the plots of his employers, which plots he revealed to Gen. Brindle, receiver of the land-office at Lecompton, to whom he was a faithful friend. When McClean gave his testimony Brindle suspected it was false and urged Dutch Charley to investigate the night after McClean returned from Lawrence to Lecompton. McClean put the returns in a candle box which he con- cealed in the ground under the woodpile in front of the office. Dutch Charley tracked him from the window, reported it to the authorities. The free-state sheriff of Douglas county with a posse called upon McClean and recovered the box and election returns. When the people found that McClean had sworn falsely they would not sustam him and he fled into Missouri.
Caney, one of the four important towns of Montgomery county, is located near the Oklahoma line at the junction of the Missouri Pacific and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R., 20 miles southwest of Inde- pendence, the county seat. It is in the gas belt and has grown very rapidly, especially in the past ten years, during which time it has trebled its population. It has a good system of waterworks and an efficient fire department. The combined output of the gas wells in the vicinity is 175,000,000 cubic feet per day. The largest oil tank farm in the state is located near here. It covers 800 acres. The manufacturing interests in Caney include 2 large glass factories, a brick and tile works, a large zinc smelter and an oil refinery. There are 2 banks, an ice and cold storage plant, 3 public school buildings, a public library, 2 weekly news- papers (the Chronicle and the News), telegraph and express offices and an international money order postoffice with one rural route. The town was incorporated in 1905. About this time it received extensive adver- tising throughout the whole nation on account of a gas well which took fire and burned furiously for several months. Tourists, many of whom were from distant states. flooded the town to view the immense flames, the roaring of which could be heard for miles. According to the census of 1910 the population of Caney was 3, 597.
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The first store in Caney was opened by Dr. J. W. Bell in 1869. A gen- eral merchandise store was established by O. M. Smith in 1870. A mail route was established in that year which enabled the settlers to get their mail regularly. The town was laid out and a number of business enter- prises started. The first newspaper (the Caney Chronicle) was started in 1885. Caney was organized and incorporated as a city of the third class in 1887. The first officers were: Mayor, P. S. Hollingsworth; police judge, F. H. Hooker; clerk, F. H. Dye; councilmen, William Rodgers, Harry Wiltse, J. J. Hemphill, J. A. Summer and W. B. Wil- liams. The first railroad reached Caney about 1887.
Canfield, Arthur Graves, educator, was born at Sunderland, Vt., March 27, 1859. He received his early education in the common schools and at Burr and Burton Academy, after which he entered Williams College at Williamstown, Mass., where he graduated in 1878. In 1882 he re- ceived the degree of A. M. He then went to Europe and spent some time in the Universities of Leipzig, Berlin, Göttingen and Paris. Upon his return to the United States in 1883 he was appointed assistant in modern languages at the University of Kansas, and in 1887 became pro- fessor of French language and literature in that institution. In 1898 Prof. Canfield resigned his place in the University of Kansas to accept a professorship of French language and literature in the University of Michigan, which position he still holds. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity and of the Modern Language Association of America.
Canfield, James Hulme, lawyer, author and educator, was born at Delaware, Ohio, March 18, 1847, the son of Rev. E. H. and Martha (Hulme) Canfield. His parents went to Brooklyn, N. Y., when he was a child, and when his mother died in 1855 he was sent to a Vermont farm. He attended the country schools until he was fourteen years of age, then returned to Brooklyn and graduated at the Brooklyn Col- legiate and Polytechnic Institute in 1864. For a year he traveled in Europe and in 1868 graduated at Williams College. From 1868 to 1871 he was superintendent of railroad construction in Iowa and Minnesota and at the same time read law. In 1872 he was admitted to the bar in Michigan, located at St. Joseph and opened a law office. He became superintendent of the St. Joseph schools and acted in that capacity until 1877, when he was elected professor of history in the University of Kansas, which position he held until 1891. He was then chosen chan- cellor of the University of Nebraska. He was president of the Kansas State Teachers' Association in 1885 and of the Nebraska State Teachers' Association in 1894. In 1893 the degree of LL. D. was conferred upon him by Williams College and in 1895 he was elected president of the University of Ohio. In 1899 he accepted the position of librarian of Columbia University. Mr. Canfield was a member of the Society of Colonial Wars, the American Library Association and the Century, Authors' and Quill clubs. He was the author of a "History of Kansas." "Local Government in Kansas," and several other books. He died at New York City, March 30, 1909.
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Canton, one of the important towns of McPherson county, is located in the township of Canton on the Marion & McPherson branch of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe R. R., and the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 14 miles east of McPherson, the county seat. It has 2 banks, a weekly newspaper (the Pilot), a flour mill, 2 grain elevators and a creamery. It is an important grain shipping point for a large and wealthy farming district. The town is supplied with express and tele- graph offices and has an international money order postoffice with 3 rural routes. The population according to the census of 1910 was 648. Canton was founded in 1879 when the railroad was built from Marion to McPherson. A postoffice was established the same year. In less than 3 years it was a village of 250 inhabitants, with a bank, several mercantile establishments, a good district school and two churches.
Cantonment Martin, the first military post in Kansas under the author- ity of the United States government, was established on Isle au Vache, or Cow island, in Oct., 1818, when Capt. Wyly Martin, with a detach- ment of the Third rifle regiment, reached the island as the advance guard of Maj. Long's expedition and went into winter quarters. A fort of cottonwood logs was erected and named "Cantonment Martin," for the commander of the detachment. John O'Fallon, afterward a prominent citizen of St. Louis, was the post sutler. It was Capt. Martin's intention to vacate the cantonment early in the spring of 1819 and continue his march westward, but his supplies failed to arrive as expected, and he remained at the post until the arrival of the main body of the expedition under Maj. Long in July. A council was held here with the Kansas Indians. (See Long's Expedition.)
Cantrell, Jacob, one of the early settlers of Douglas county, came from Missouri, and Cutler says he built the first log cabin where the city of Baldwin now stands. The name is also spelled Cantrel and Cantral. He was not particularly active in the political troubles of the period, but spent his time in developing his claim. However, at the battle of Black Jack, June 2, 1856, he went to the aid of the free-state forces. Soon after this he was captured by some of the border ruffians and given a mock trial on the charge of being guilty of "treason to Mis- souri." The sentence was death, and he was accordingly shot on June 6, 1856.
Canyon, a small hamlet of Finney county, is situated in the valley of the north fork of the Pawnee river, about 25 miles northeast of Garden City, the county seat. Mail is received by the people of Canyon by rural free delivery from Ravanna.
Capioma, a hamlet of Nemaha county, is located in Capioma town- ship 15 miles southeast of Seneca, the county seat, and 9 miles south of Sabetha, from which place it receives mail. It is one of the historic places in the county, having been platted in 1857. This plat was not recorded until two years later for the reason that there was no place to record anything in those early days. A school building was put up in 1857, and a hotel in 1859. The place was named after an Indian chief. The population in 1910 was 45.
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Capital .- In the establishment of civil government in a new territory or state, one of the early questions to come up for consideration and set- tlement is the location of the seat of government. Kansas became an organized territory by the act of May 30, 1854, which designated Fort Leavenworth as the temporary seat of government, and provided that some of the public buildings there might be used as territorial offices. Gov. Reeder, the first territorial governor, assumed the duties of the office early in Oct., 1854, but soon became dissatisfied with the quarters and offices provided for him at the fort, and on Nov. 24 he removed the executive office to the Shawnee Methodist Indian mission, about a mile from the Missouri line and less than 3 miles southwest of the town of Westport, Mo. At that time the mission buildings were the best and most commodious in the territory.
Acting under the authority conferred upon him by the organic act, Gov. Reeder called the first territorial legislature to meet at Pawnee- near Fort Riley-on July 2, 1855, and on June 27 the governor removed his office to that place. The legislature soon became dissatisfied with the accommodations at Pawnee and adjourned to the Shawnee mission, where Judge Franklin G. Adams says the executive office was reestab- lished on July 12. (See Reeder's Administration.)
On Aug. 8, 1855, the two branches of the legislature met in joint session to vote on the question of locating the permanent seat of govern- ment. The competitors for the honor were Leavenworth, Lawrence, Tecumseh, St. Bernard (in the northern part of Franklin county near the present village of Centropolis), White Head, Kickapoo, Lecompton, Douglass and One Hundred and Ten. Three ballots were taken, the last one resulting as follows: Lecompton, 25; St. Bernard, II ; Tecumseh, 2; all the others having dropped out of the race. F. J. Marshall, H. D. McMeekin and Thomas Johnson were appointed commissioners to select the grounds at Lecompton upon which were to be erected suitable build- ings for the governor and legislature. (See Capitol.) The first records dated at Lecompton as the capital were the executive minutes of Gov. Shannon on April 20, 1856.
A special session of the legislature was held at Lecompton in Dec., 1857. This was the third territorial legislature, and the first one con- trolled by the free-state men. When it met again in regular session on Jan. 4, 1858, considerable dissatisfaction was manifested toward Lecomp- ton, and on the second day of the session adjourned to Lawrence, which became practically the capital of the territory, as the governor main- tained his office there during the session. This legislature passed an act providing for the removal of the capital to Minneola, in the northern part of Franklin county, a little east of Centropolis. Railroad com- panies were chartered to build lines which would center at Minneola, and members of the legislature were financially interested in building up the town. The governor vetoed the act, but it was passed over his veto. Subsequently the attorney-general of the United States declared the act in violation of the organic law and therefore null. This ended
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the attempts to remove the territorial seat of government from Lecompton.
In the meantime the free-state men had adopted a constitution, elected state officers, and designated Topeka as the capital of the territory. But as this action was not authorized by any act of Congress the national administration declined to recognize the constitution or the seat of government thus established.
The legislature of 1859 met at Lecompton on Jan. 3, and on the 5th adjourned to meet at Lawrence on the 7th. The legislature of 1860 also voted to adjourn to Lawrence, which action was vetoed by Gov. Medary, but the resolution was passed over the veto and the session was held at Lawrence, the governor remaining at Lecompton. The last territorial legislature was convened at Lecompton on Jan. 7, 1861, and the next day removed to Lawrence, where it continued in session until Feb. 2. A week later the state government was inaugurated.
The Wyandotte constitution, under which Kansas was admitted to statehood, designated Topeka as the temporary seat of government, but provided that "The first legislature under this constitution shall provide by law for submitting the question of the permanent location of the capital to a popular vote, and a majority of all the votes cast at some general election shall be necessary for such location."
Pursuant to this constitutional requirement, the first state legislature, which met on March 26, 1861, passed an act ordering the question to be submitted to the people at the general election on the 5th of the fol- lowing November. The statement has been repeatedly published that at the election Topeka received 7,996 votes; Lawrence, 5,291 ; all other places, 1,184. But in 1910 Secretary Martin of the State Historical Society found the certificate of the board of commissioners-Joseph P. Root, John W. Robinson and Samuel A. Stinson-who canvassed the returns. This certificate gives the result in detail, as follows: Topeka, 7,859 votes ; Lawrence, 5,334; Baldwin City, 400; Sac and Fox Agency, 184; Emporia, 158; Manhattan, 100; Leavenworth, 95; Lecompton, 39; Burlingame, 28; Clinton, 25; Ogden, 21; Junction City, 20; Mapleton, 15; Council Grove, 12; Shawnee, 9; Paola, 7; Greenwood, 6; Osawa- tomie, 5; Ash Point, Indianapolis and West Point, 4 each ; Ashland, Big Springs, Neosho Rapids and Wabaunsee, 3 each; Clifton, Delaware, Kickapoo, Marion, Minneola, Superior and Whisky Point, 2 each ; Ben- nett's Station, Geary City, Hendricks Creek, Fort Scott, Plymouth, Junction, Olathe, Spring Hill, Mansfield, Mound City, Potosi, Stanton, Wyner, Rodgersville, Minomae, Marysville and Tecumseh each received one vote. Topeka had a clear majority of 1,604 over all competitors, and the question of a permanent capital was settled.
The above figures are interesting as showing the aspirations of some of the embryo cities of Kansas half a century ago. Some of these places that then put forward their ambitions are now nothing more than a name and a memory, while others, without the influence and prestige of. being the state capitol, have gone steadily forward and have become
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cities of considerable size and importance in the industry and commerce of the state. The legislature of 1862 accepted from the Topeka Asso- ciation a grant of 20 acres of land for a state-house, thus indorsing the action of the people in selecting that city as the permanent seat of government. (See Capitol.)
Capitol .- The first building to be known in history by this name was the temple of Jupiter, located on the Capitoline hill in the city of Rome. In time the whole hill, including the temple and the citadel, came to be known as the "Capitol." Webster defines the word as used in this country as "The edifice at Washington in which the Congress of the United States holds its sessions ; also the building in which a state legis- lature meets ; a state-house."
When Gov. Reeder first took up his residence at Fort Leavenworth lie was furnished with quarters in a brick building on the west side of the parade ground, and the executive office was in a stone building belonging to the quartermaster's department. Prentis says: "It was furnished with republican simplicity." On Nov. 24, 1854, the governor removed to the Shawnee mission in Johnson county in order to obtain more comfortable quarters. Although the business of the territory was transacted in these temporary quarters, none of them could be called a "Capitol" according to Webster's definition, because no legislative ses- sions were held there.
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