USA > Kansas > Kansas; a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc. with a supplementary volume devoted to selected personal history and reminiscence, Voilume I > Part 48
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Congregational Church .- This name is applied to a religious denom- ination in the United States and the English colonies which assumes to follow the New Testament with regard to church administration, and the idea of the primitive and apostolic church. The doctrine of the early Congregationalists was a kind of general Puritan or Presbyterian Cal- vinism, while that of the modern church may be classed under the gen- eral head of Evangelical, but holding broadly to the general character- istics of the older Protestantism. Although no creed statement is bind- ing on a local church, except that which it voluntarily adopts, the Congre- gationalist gatherings have adopted confessions of faith.
The Congregational church is based on local organization, each congre- gation being competent to elect its officers, admit members, make rules for church discipline, state its faith and order its worship in a manner best adapted to the local needs, and its affairs are decided by the vote of the congregation, under the moderatorship of a minister, if there be one in office. In the United States the Congregational churches are united by three permanent representative bodies: the local association
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or conference, the state association, and the national council, while the mutual fellowship that exists between the churches was strengthened by the formation of the International Congregational Council, with appointed delegates from the churches of all lands, which met first in London in 1891.
The rise of this religious organization began with the dissensions dur- ing the English Reformation, and though Luther saw a system similar to Congregationalism in the New Testament, the time did not come during his life, when the reformed church could lay aside civil authority in its struggle against Rome. In 1567 a body of men and women met in London and formed a rudimentary type of Congregational church, and though it did not last, the Congregational system was set forth so as to come to the attention of Robert Browne, a student at Cambridge, who established a Congregational church at Norwich in 1580, but meet- ing with opposition, the church members emigrated from England and located in Holland. Other Congregational churches were established in England, but the real founder of the church was John Smith, who gathered a congregation in 1602 at Gainsborough. Other churches soon formed on this model, the most important at Scrooby under John Rob- inson. Both these churches sought refuge in Holland and from there in 1620, came to New England and formed the Plymouth colony of Massachusetts bay. From the arrival of the first in 1620 to the last of the Leyden associates nearly ten years later, the colony in all numbered only about 300 souls. The Puritans came to America in 1629 to avoid persecutions in England, and located at Salem, Mass., where the first Puritan church was erected as a Congregational church, the second in New England. The Puritan immigration continued until 1640, and in 1643 the four Congregational colonies united in a confederacy. With settling up of New England, educational institutions were established by the church-notably Harvard and Yale Colleges-and missionary work was begun among the Indians.
The first Congregational synod was held at Boston in 1837. It was a representative body and had lay delegates, which distinguished it from the ministerial convention and marked its democratic character. The Westminster Confession, previously approved at Cambridge, was super- seded or modified in Massachusetts and Connecticut and subsequently in the other colonies.
A great revival took place about the middle of the eighteenth century and at the same time emigration from New England began to take set- tlers beyond the mountains and these people carried their faith with them, which ultimately led to the planting of Congregational churches in the great valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi and from there spread across the continent to the western states on the coast. When migration first began from New England churches were first established in western New York, then followed down the Ohio and the multiplication of organizations kept pace with opening up of the new territory in the northwest and northern states. In 1871, the national council of Congre-
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gational churches in the United States was formed, which usually meets every third year, though special sessions may be called:
Missionaries were sent to Minnesota and Missouri and Congregational- ism introduced there early in the nineteenth century. From there it moved on westward and when the territories of Kansas and Nebraska were organized in 1854, the Congregationalists were among the first to become established in the newly organized territories. The first Congre- gational church organization in Kansas was perfected at Lawrence in Sept., 1854, by S. Y. Lum, a missionary from New York. The first sermon was preached on Oct. 1, 1854, a few months after the first free- state settlers had located in the town. Two years later Plymouth church was organized in the spring and a church building started which was completed in 1862, this being the first church edifice of this organiza- tion in the state. Most of the early Congregational societies were estab- lished by immigrants who had belonged to the church in the east. In 1871, Richard Cordley, for years pastor of the Congregational church at Lawrence, wrote: "All denominations are represented in Kansas. The Congregationalists have some strong societies, especially in the southern part of the state."
The first sermon in Shawnee county was preached in Topeka by Sam- 11el Lum in 1854. The members of the congregation met in a log cabin of James Cowles on Oct. 14, 1855, to consult with regard to the forma- tion of an anti-slavery Congregational church, and an organization was perfected on July 14, 1856. The town company of Topeka donated lots and a building was soon erected. Lewis Bodwell was the first pastor. The Congregational church at Manhattan was established on April 22, 1855, being the second of the denomination between the Mississippi river and the Rocky mountains, Lawrence being the first. The first services at Manhattan were held in a tent, which was succeeded by a log cabin, and it in turn was followed by a frame building, the material for which was brought up the river by boat. On Jan. 6, 1856, the church was formally opened at the home of Dr. Amory Hunting. Forty town lots were contributed to the church which gave it a good start and the build- ing was dedicated on July 24, 1859, when Charles E. Blood became the first regular minister. A. L. Adair organized a church at Osawatomie in April, 1856, and services were held in a school house until 1861, when a church was erected. As early as June, 1857, services were held at Atchison by J. H. Byrd, a Congregational minister, and on March 20. 1859, a church organization was perfected there. In Jefferson county. the first Congregational church was organized in 1857 with eight mem- bers, the first pastor being O. L. Woodford, and the following year a church building was erected. In 1858 churches were organized at Leavenworth, with 27 members; Wyandotte, where S. D. Storrs, a mis- sionary from Quindaro, had preached for some time ; at Emporia, Lyon county, where in 1859 a building was erected.
By 1875 there were 157 Congregational church organizations in the state, with 59 church edifices and a membership of 5,620. In 1886 there
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were 132 organizations, 122 church buildings and an aggregate member- ship of 9,361. The increase in the next four years was rapid, as in 1890 there were 202 organizations, with a membership of 12,053 members. In 1906 the Congregational church ranked eighth in Kansas in number of members, having 15,247 communicants.
Congressional Districts .- Kansas had but one representative in Con- gress until after the census of 1870, which showed that the state was entitled to three members of the lower branch of the national legislature. In 1872 three Congressmen at large were elected, but by the act of March 2, 1874, the legislature divided the state into three districts.
The first district was composed of the counties of Leavenworth, Doni- phan, Brown, Nemaha, Marshall, Washington, Republic, Jewell, Smith, Phillips, Norton, Graham, Rooks, Osborne, Mitchell, Cloud, Clay, Ottawa, Ellis, Ellsworth, Russell, Saline, Dickinson, Lincoln, Riley, Pottawatomie, Jackson, Jefferson, Atchison, Davis (Geary), "and all that territory lying north of the second standard parallel."
The second district included the counties of Montgomery, Wilson, Labette, Cherokee, Crawford, Neosho, Bourbon, Allen, Anderson, Linn, Miami, Franklin, Johnson, Douglas and Wyandotte.
The third district included "all that part of the state not included in the first and second districts." This made the third district larger than both the other two. Along the eastern border of it lay the counties of Shawnee, Osage, Coffey and Woodson, and it embraced all the terri- tory west of these counties and south of the first district.
No change was made in the apportionment thus established until after the census of 1880, which gave the state seven Congressmen. At the election of 1882 three representatives were elected from the old districts and four from the state at large. On March 5, 1883, Gov. Glick approved an act of the legislature which provided for the following districts :
First-the counties of Nemaha, Brown, Doniphan, Pottawatomie, Jackson, Atchison, Jefferson and Leavenworth.
Second-the counties of Wyandotte, Johnson, Douglas, Miami, Franklin, Anderson, Linn, Allen and Bourbon.
Third-the counties of Crawford, Cherokee, Neosho, Labette, Wilson, Montgomery, Elk, Chautauqua and Cowley.
Fourth-the counties of Shawnee, Wabaunsee, Osage, Lyon, Coffey, Woodson, Greenwood, Butler, Chase, Marion and Morris.
Fifth-the counties of Marshall, Washington, Republic, Cloud, Clay, Riley, Ottawa, Saline, Dickinson and Davis (Geary).
Sixth-the counties of Jewell, Mitchell, Lincoln, Ellsworth, Russell, Osborne, Smith, Phillips, Rooks, Ellis, Trego, Graham, Norton, Decatur, Thomas, Sheridan, Gove, St. John (Logan), Rawlins, Cheyenne, Sher- man and Wallace.
Seventh-the counties of McPherson, Harvey, Sedgwick, Sumner, Harper, Kingman, Reno, Rice. Barton, Stafford, Pratt, Barbour, Comanche, Edwards, Pawnee, Rush, Ness, Hodgeman, Ford, Lane, Scott, Finney, Seward, Wichita, Greeley and Hamilton.
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This apportionment was amended by the act of March 13, 1897, which placed Shawnee county in the first district and Pottawatomie county in the fourth.
Although the census of 1890 showed the population of Kansas to be large enough to entitle the state to eight Congressmen, no additional district was created until in 1905, seven representatives being elected from the old districts and one from the state at large. By the act of March 9, 1905, the state was divided into eight districts.
The first district embraced the counties of Nemaha, Brown, Doniphan, Jackson, Atchison, Jefferson, Leavenworth and Shawnee.
The second district was composed of the counties of Wyandotte, John- son, Douglas, Miami, Franklin, Anderson, Linn, Allen and Bourbon.
The third district included the counties of Crawford, Cherokee, Neosho, Labette, Wilson, Elk, Chautauqua, Cowley and Montgomery.
The fourth district included the counties of Pottawatomie, Wabaun- see, Osage, Lyon, Coffey, Woodson, Greenwood, Chase, Marion and Morris.
The fifth district embraced the counties of Marshall, Washington, Republic, Cloud, Clay, Riley, Ottawa, Saline, Dickinson and Geary.
The sixth district was made to consist of the counties of Jewell, Mitchell, Lincoln, Ellsworth, Russell, Osborne, Smith, Phillips, Rooks, Ellis, Trego, Graham, Norton, Decatur, Sheridan, Gove, Logan, Thomas, Rawlins, Cheyenne, Sherman and Wallace.
The seventh district-frequently referred to as the "Big Seventh"- was composed of the counties of Harper, Kingman, Reno, Rice, Barton. Stafford, Pratt, Barber, Comanche, Edwards, Pawnee, Rush, Ness, Hodgeman, Ford, Lane, Scott, Finney, Seward, Wichita, Greeley, Hamil- ton, Clark, Grant, Gray, Haskell, Kearny, Kiowa, Meade, Morton, Stan- ton and Stevens.
The eighth district included the counties of McPherson, Harvey, Sedgwick, Sumner and Butler.
At the election in 1910 the Republican candidate was elected in each of the eight districts. In the first district D. R. Anthony defeated J. B. Chapman by a vote of 21,852 to 7,486; in the second district Alexander C. Mitchell was elected over John Caldwell, 23,282 to 19,852; in the third district Philip P. Campbell defeated Jeremiah D. Botkin, 20,771 to 19,943; in the fourth district Fred S. Jackson defeated H. S. Martin, 17,III to 14,051; in the fifth district Rollin R. Rees was elected over G. T. Helvering, 17,680 to 15,775; in the sixth district I. D. Young defeated F. S. Rockefeller, 21,020 to 18,985 ; in the seventh district E. H. Madison defeated George A. Neeley, 24,925 to 20,133; in the eighth dis- trict Victor Murdock defeated George Burnett by a vote of 16,239 to 2,354.
Congressional Representation .- Kansas was first represented as a territory of the United States in the Thirty-third Congress (elected in 1852) by John W. Whitfield, who was elected delegate on Nov. 29, 1854, and served until Aug. 1, 1856, when his seat was declared vacant. He
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was succeeded in the Thirty-fifth Congress (elected in 1856) by Marcus J. Parrott, who continued to serve as delegate until the admission of Kansas into the Union as a state.
The Thirty-seventh Congress was elected in 1860 for the term begin- ning on March 4, 1861. Before the commencement of the term, Kansas was admitted into the Union (Jan. 29, 1861,) and became entitled to representation in both branches of the national legislature. Conse- quently, Gen. James H. Lane and Samuel C. Pomeroy were elected to represent the state in the United States senate, and Martin F. Conway was chosen representative. Since that time the representation has been as follows :
Thirty-eighth Congress (elected 1862)-Senators, James H. Lane and Samuel C. Pomeroy ; Representative, A. Carter Wilder.
Thirty-ninth Congress (elected 1864)-Senators, James H. Lane and Samuel C. Pomeroy until the death of Gen. Lane on July II, 1866, when the vacancy was filled by the appointment of Edmund G. Ross; Repre- sentative, Sidney Clarke.
Fortieth Congress (elected 1866)-Senators, Samuel C. Pomeroy and Edmund G. Ross; Representative, Sidney Clarke. The representation was the same in the Forty-first Congress, elected in 1868.
Forty-second Congress (elected 1870)-Senators, Alexander Caldwell and Samuel C. Pomeroy ; Representative, David P. Lowe.
Forty-third Congress (elected 1872)-Senators, Alexander Caldwell and John J. Ingalls ; Representatives, Stephen A. Cobb, David P. Lowe and William A. Phillips. This was the first Congress in which Kansas had more than one representative in the lower house. Some changes occurred in the senate during the term. Alexander Caldwell resigned on March 24, 1873, and the governor appointed Robert Crozier to fill the vacancy. Mr. Crozier served until James M. Harvey was elected by the legislature, taking his seat on Feb. 12, 1874.
Forty-fourth Congress (elected 1874)-Senators, James M. Harvey and John J. Ingalls ; Representatives, William R. Brown, John R. Goodin and William A. Phillips.
Forty-fifth Congress (elected 1876)-Senators, John J. Ingalls and Preston B. Plumb; Representatives, Dudley C. Haskell, William A. Phillips and Thomas Ryan.
Forty-sixth Congress (elected 1878)-Senators, John J. Ingalls and Preston B. Plumb; Representatives, John A. Anderson, Thomas Ryan and Dudley C. Haskell. The representation was the same in the Forty- seventh Congress (elected in 1880).
Forty-eighth Congress (elected in 1882)-Senators, John J. Ingalls and Preston B. Plumb; Representatives, Edward N. Morrill, Samuel R. Peters, John A. Anderson, Thomas Ryan, Lewis Hanback, Bishop W Perkins and Dudley C. Haskell. Mr. Haskell died on Dec. 16, 1883, and Edward H. Funston was elected for the unexpired term.
Forty-ninth Congress (elected 1884)-Same as in the Forty-eighth Congress after Mr. Funston succeeded Mr. Haskell.
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Fiftieth Congress (elected 1886)-Senators, John J. Ingalls and Pres- ton B. Plumb; Representatives, Edward N. Morrill, Samuel R. Peters, John A. Anderson, Thomas Ryan, Erastus J. Turner, Bishop W. Perkins and Edward H. Funston.
Fifty-first Congress (elected 1888)-Senators, John J. Ingalls and Preston B. Plumb; Representatives, Edward N. Morrill, Bishop W. Per- kins, John A. Anderson, Samuel R. Peters, Erastus J. Turner, Edward H. Funston and Thomas Ryan. Mr. Ryan resigned before the expiration of the term and was succeeded by Harrison Kelley, who took his seat on Dec. 2, 1889.
Fifty-second Congress (elected 1890)-Senators, Preston B. Plumb and William A. Peffer; Representatives, Case Broderick, B. H. Clover, John Davis, Jeremiah Simpson, Edward H. Funston, John G. Otis and William Baker. Senator Plumb died in office and the governor appointed to succeed him Bishop W. Perkins, who took his seat on Jan. 1, 1892.
Fifty-third Congress (elected 1892)-Senators, William A. Peffer and John Martin; Representatives, William Baker, William A. Harris, Charles Curtis, Jeremiah Simpson, Case Broderick, Thomas J. Hudson, John Davis and Edward H. Funston. Mr. Funston's election was suc- cessfully contested by Horace L. Moore, who took his seat in the house on Aug. 2, 1894.
Fifty-fourth Congress (elected 1894)-Senators, William A. Peffer and Lucien Baker ; Representatives, Richard W. Blue, Orrin L. Miller, Charles Curtis, William Baker, Case Broderick, Snyder S. Kirkpatrick, William A. Calderhead, Chester I. Long.
Fifty-fifth Congress (elected 1896)-Senators, Lucien Baker and Wil- liam A. Harris; Representatives, Jeremiah D. Botkin, Marion S. Peters, Charles Curtis, N. B. McCormick, Case Broderick, Edwin R. Ridgely, William D. Vincent and Jeremiah Simpson.
Fifty-sixth Congress (elected 1898)-Senators, Lucien Baker and Wil- liam A. Harris; Representatives, Willis J. Bailey, J. DeWitt Bowersock, James M. Miller, William A. Reeder, Charles Curtis, Edwin R. Ridgely, William A. Calderhead and Chester I. Long.
Fifty-seventh Congress (elected 1900)-Senators, William A. Harris and Joseph R. Burton ; Representatives, Charles F. Scott, Charles Curtis, J. DeWitt Bowersock, Alfred M. Jackson, James M. Miller, William A. Calderhead, William A. Reeder and Chester I. Long.
Fifty-eighth Congress (elected 1902)-Senators, Joseph R. Burton and Chester I. Long; Representatives, Charles F. Scott (at large), Charles Curtis, J. DeWitt Bowersock, Philip P. Campbell, James M. Miller, William A. Calderhead, William A. Reeder and Victor Murdock.
Fifty-ninth Congress (elected 1904)-Senators, Chester I. Long and Alfred W. Benson, the latter appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator Burton; Representatives, Charles F. Scott. Charles Curtis, J. DeWitt Bowersock, Philip P. Campbell, James M. Miller, William A. Calderhead, William A. Reeder, Victor Murdock.
Sixtieth Congress (elected 1906)-Senators, Chester I. Long and
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Charles Curtis ; Representatives, Daniel R. Anthony, Charles F. Scott, Philip P. Campbell, James M. Miller, William A. Calderhead, William A. Reeder, Edmond H. Madison, Victor Murdock.
Sixty-first Congress (elected 1908)-Senators, Charles Curtis and Joseph L. Bristow; Representatives, Daniel R. Anthony, Charles F. Scott, Philip P. Campbell, James M. Miller, William A. Calderhead, William A. Reeder, Edmond H. Madison, Victor Murdock.
Sixty-second Congress (elected 1910)-Senators, Charles' Curtis and Joseph L. Bristow; Representatives, Daniel R. Anthony, Alexander C. Mitchell, Philip P. Campbell, Fred S. Jackson, Rollin R. Rees, I. D. Young, Edmond H. Madison, Victor Murdock.
Connelley, William Elsey, writer of historical works on the West. was born in Johnson county, Ky., March 15, 1855. The family was founded in Kentucky by Capt. Henry Connelly, a soldier in North Carolina in the Revolutionary war. Mr. Connelley's father, Constantine Conley, Jr., was in the Union army and his property was destroyed in the Civil war, which made it necessary for the young man to make his own way in the world. With such help as he could get he qualified himself to teach in the common schools, teaching his first school when seventeen. He continued in this work ten years in Kentucky, when he came to Kansas, settling at Tiblow (now Bonner Springs), Wyandotte county, in April, 1881. He taught one year at Tiblow, then secured the position of deputy county clerk. In 1883 he was elected county clerk of Wyandotte county, and in 1885 was reelected. In 1888 he engaged in the wholesale lumber business at Springfield, Mo., in which he con- tinued four years. He engaged in the banking business in Kansas City, Kan., in 1893, but in the panics which followed he lost all his property. He moved to Beatrice, Neb., in 1897, and took up the business of abstracting land titles and loaning money for eastern people. In 1897 he was offered a position in the book department of the publishing house of Crane & Co., Topeka, which he accepted and filled until 1902, when he went to Washington with Hon. E. F. Ware, commissioner of pensions, and took a responsible place in the civil service. This he resigned in 1903 to go into the oil business at Chanute, in which he was successful. In 1904-5 he made the fight in Kansas against the Standard Oil com- pany, securing the enactment of laws which have saved the people of Kansas a million dollars annually. Mr. Connelley was always an enthusiastic student of history, and his library is one of the largest in the West. He is an authority on American history, and has written the following works: The Provisional Government of Nebraska Territory, John Brown, James H. Lane, Wyandot Folk-Lore, An Appeal to the Record, Kansas Territorial Governors, Memoirs of John James Ingalls, Doniphan's Expedition in the Mexican War, Quantrill and the Border Wars, Ingalls of Kansas and the Founding of Harman's Station. With Frank A. Root he wrote the Overland Stage to California, and he edited the Heckewelder Narrative. All these have been published. Mr. Con- nelley belongs to numerous historical associations, is a life member of
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the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, the president of the Kansas State Historical Society, and is a member of the National Geographic Society and the Kansas Society Sons of the American Revo- lution.
Conquest, a village in the northwestern part of Kearny county, is about 25 miles from Lakin, the county seat, and 20 from Leoti, the near- est railroad station. Conquest is a postoffice and a trading center for the neighborhood in which it is situated.
Constitutional Amendments .- Kansas was admitted into the Union under the Wyandotte constitution, the state government being inaugu- rated on Feb. 9, 1861. The following month the legislature met in special session, and among the acts of that body was the submission of an amendment to section 7, article 13, giving banks the right to issue notes of a denomination as low as one dollar, instead of five dollars as originally provided. The amendment was ratified by the people at the election in November by a vote of 3,733 to 3,343. Since that time sev- eral amendments have been made to the state's organic law.
Two amendments were passed by the legislature of 1864 and sub- mitted to the people in the fall of that year. The first amended section 3 of article 5 to read as follows: "For the purpose of voting, no person shall be deemed to have gained or lost a reason of his presence or absence while employed in the service of the United States, nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters of this state, or of the United States, or of the high seas, nor while a student of any seminary of learn- ing, nor while kept at any almshouse or other asylum at public expense, nor while confined in any public prison ; and the legislature may make provision for taking the votes of electors who may be absent from their townships or wards, in the volunteer military service of the United States, or the militia service of this state; but nothing herein contained shall be deemed to allow any soldier, seaman or marine in the regular army or navy of the United States the right to vote.".
The second amendment was to change section 12, article 2, to read : "Bills may originate in either house, but may be amended or rejected by the other."
The first of these amendments was ratified by a vote of 10,729 to 329, and the second by a vote of 8,708 to 329. No further amendments were found necessary until 1867, when, for the purpose of disfranchising certain classes of persons, section 2, article 5, was amended to read as follows : "No person under guardianship, non compos mentis, or insane ; no person convicted of felony, unless restored to civil rights; no person who has been dishonorably discharged from the service of the United States, unless reinstated ; no person guilty of defrauding the government of the United States, or of any of the states thereof; no person guilty of giving or receiving a bribe, or offering to give or receive a bribe; and no person who has ever voluntarily borne arms against the government of the United States, or in any manner voluntarily aided or abetted in the attempted overthrow of said government, except all persons who
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