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Gc 974.4 B27h v.1 1492-1692 1834328
REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01092 6019
4.4 7h
1 92- 3343
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015
https://archive.org/details/historyofmassach1149barr
1
GENEALOGY COLLECTION
THE -
HISTORY OF MASSACHUSETTS.
14.92-1692
THE
V.I
COLONIAL PERIOD.
1492-1692
V.I. 1 . BY JOHN STETSON BARRY,
MEMBER OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY, AND OF THE NEW ENGLAND HISTORIC-GENEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
FOURTH EDITION.
BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, FOR SALE AT HIS Office, No. 4 Cornhill Court.
1834328
.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year IS, by JOHN S. BARRY,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
-
TO
THE HONORABLE
JAMES SAVAGE, LL. D., PRESIDENT
OF THE
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY,
FOR THE PAST FOURTEEN YEARS,
WHOSE VALUABLE LABORS HAVE CONTRIBUTED SO LARGELY TO ELUCIDATE THE EARLY HISTORY OF NEW ENGLAND, THESE MEMORIALS OF THE FOUNDERS OF OUR COMMONWEALTH,
ARE RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED,
BY HIS OBLIGED FRIEND,
THE
AUTHOR.
INTRODUCTION.
IT is with great diffidence that the following volume, the first of a series upon the history of Massachusetts, is sub- mitted to the public. So deeply is the author impressed with the importance of the subject upon which he has essayed to write, and so fully is he aware that to do it justice requires talents of the highest order, he has trembled, at times, for the consequences of his own temerity in engaging in such an undertaking. It is believed, however, that a work like the present is very much needed, and, if authentic in its details, will prove acceptable. Massachusetts has a history of which she may well be proud ; and whoever shall succeed in per- fectly delineating that history, will render a valuable service to the State. If this sketch falls short of what some other might furnish, no one will more sincerely rejoice than the author in the appearance of a better ; but until such shall appear, it is hoped the present will not prove wholly unworthy of attention.
The historian, in our day, can lay little claim to originality in his labors. It is not his province to create facts, but to take those already furnished him, drawn from the best sources, printed and manuscript, contemporary with the events of which they treat. If, in these respects, the present work
vi
INTRODUCTION.
shall be found to contain such an abstract, faithful in its char- acter and reliable in its details, the highest ambition of the anthor will be attained.
The acknowledgements of the author are due those gentle- met who have so kindly encouraged his labors, and to the societies which have granted him free access to their historical treasures. Particularly would he express his indebtedness to Messrs. Charles Deane, John Dean, Samuel G. Drake, Frederick Kidder, and J. Wingate Thornton, Esquires, for the loan of rare books and manuscripts relating to the early history of the State ; to the Faculty of Harvard College, the Massachusetts, and New England Historical Societies, and the Boston . Athe- næum, for access to their libraries and manuscripts; and to the Honorable Ephraim M. Wright, Secretary of State, and the Clerks of his office, for access to the Archives of the Com- monwealth. Such as the work is, with all its imperfections, it is sent forth in the hope that it may fill a place in the literature of our Commonwealth which has been for some time vacant ; and if the public derive that pleasure from its perusal which its preparation has afforded the author, he will feel amply repaid for his labor.
·
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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
EARLY VOYAGES. DISCOVERY OF MASSACHUSETTS.
Christopher Columbus-The Cabots and their Voyages-Patent to Warde and others-Portuguese Voyages-Voyages of the French-Revival of the Maritime spirit in England-Gosnold's Voyage-Voyage of Pring-DeMonts' Patent-Voyage of Weymouth-King James's Patent to the Virginia Compa- nies-Colonies at Jamestown and Sagadahoc-Dutch Voyages-John Smith's Voyages-Pestilence among the Indians-Dermer's Voyage and Journey to Pockanokit-The Great Patent for New England. pp. 1-30.
CHAPTER II.
THE REFORMATION. THE PILGRIMS.
Condition of Europe at the opening of the Sixteenth Century-Martin Luther-Progress of the Reformation-England renounces the authority of the Pope-Position of the Reformation in England under Henry VIII .- Accession of Edward VI .- Changes during his reign-Rise of the Puritans- Accession of Mary-The troubles at Frankfort-Accession of Elizabeth-Con- troversies during her reign-Position of the Puritans-Their Persecution- Rise of Separatism-Four classes of religionists in England-The Church of the Pilgrims-Its location at Scrooby and Gainsborough-Elder Brewster- Ministers of the Scrooby Church-John Robinson-Accession of James I .- The Hampton Court Conference-Persecution of Dissenters-Removal of the Scrooby Church to Holland-Difficulties attending the same-Settlement at Leyden-Employment of the Pilgrims in Holland - William Bradford- Other members of the Church. pp. 31-63.
CHAPTER III.
THE EMIGRATION TO AMERICA.
The Pilgrims resolve to leave Holland - Discussion of the question of removal-Agents sent to England for a Patent-Negotiations with the Vir-
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viii
CONTENTS.
ginia Company-A Patent obtained-Preparations to leave Holland-Compact with the Merchant Adventurers-Overtures of the Dutch-Petition of the Dutch Merchants rejected-The Speedwell and the Mayflower-Mr. Robin- son's Farewell Sermon-The Pilgrims leave Leyden-Arrival in England- Departure for America-Voyage of the Mayflower-Arrival at Cape Cod- Charges against the Dutch-Cape Cod Harbor-The Compact in the May- flower-Exploring Tours-The Landing at Plymouth-Proceedings of the Colonists-Distressing Mortality-Review of the History of the Pilgrims. pp. 64-93.
CHAPTER IV.
INTERCOURSE WITHI THE INDIANS.
Visit of Samoset-League with Massasoit-Settlement of the Government of the Colony-Providence and the Pilgrims-Departure of the Mayflower- Death of Gov. Carver-William Bradford chosen Governor-Embassay to Massasoit-Trip to Nauset-Conspiracy of Corbitant-Trading Voyage to the Massachusetts-First Harvest-Thanksgiving instituted-Arrival of the For- tune-A new Patent obtained -Return of the Fortune- Distress of the Colonists-Warlike attitude of the Narragansets-A fort built at Plymouth- Second Voyage to the Massachusetts-Alarm of an Indian Conspiracy-Ar- rival of Weston's Shallop-Sufferings of the Pilgrims-Weston's Colony- Character of the men-Settlement at Wessagusset-Its miserable condition- Satire of Hudibras-Illness of Massasoit-An embassy sent to him-Plot against Weston's Colony - Standish sent to Wessagusset-Overthrow of Weston's Colony-Finale of Weston's Carcer. pp. 94-119.
CHAPTER V.
PROGRESS OF THE COLONY.
Continued Distress-A Severe Drought-Standish sent to the Eastward- Settlements in New Hampshire and Maine-Regulation of the Fisheries- Commission to West-Controversy between the King and Parliament-Arri- val of the Anne and the Little James-Return of the Anne-Colony of Rob- ert Gorges-Return of Gorges and Morrell to England-The Patent of Cape Anne-Condition of the settlement at Plymouth-Difficulties with Lyford 'and Oldham-Their expulsion-Dorchester Company formed-The Colony at Cape Anne-Difficulties with the Merchant Adventurers-Standish sent to England-Trading Voyage to the Eastward-Intercourse with the Dutch- De Rasieres visits Plymouth-Connection with the Merchant Adventurers dissolved-Mr. Allerton sent to England-Settlement at Mount Wollaston- Morton of Merry Mount-His Misconduct-The Settlement broken up- Morton sent to England-End of his career-Allerton revisits England-A new Patent obtained-Legislation of the Colony-Progress of Settlement- Spirit of the Pilgrims. pp. 120-148.
ix
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VI.
THE MASSACHUSETTS COLONY.
Character of the Colonists-Charles the First and Archbishop Laud-Per- secution of the Puritans-Attention turned to America-The Cape Anne Colony-Removal of Conant to Naumkeag-Patent of the Massachusetts Colony-The Massachusetts Company-Emigration under Endicott-The Massachusetts Charter-Accessions to the Company-Emigration under Hig- ginson-Vessels provided for the same-A Government established for the Colony-Instructions to Endicott-Claims of Oldham and Brereton-Depar- ture of Mr. Higginson and his Company-Settlement of Charlestown- Church organized at Salem-Episcopacy expelled from the Colony. pp. 149- 173.
CHAPTER VII. TRANSFER OF THE CHARTER.
Discussion of this movement and its effects-New election of Officers-John Winthrop -- His associates -- New England fortunately settled - Emigration under Winthrop-Vessels for the Voyage-The Dorchester emigration-De- parture of Winthrop's fleet-Arrival at Salem-Condition of the Settlements- Landing at Charlestown-Distressing Mortality-Dispersion of the Settle- ments-Continued Distress-A Fast appointed-Arrival of the Lyon with supplies-Conduct of the Indians-An excursion to Plymouth-Accessions to the Colony-Arrival of the Griffin - Cotton and Hooker - The Colonial Churches-The spirit of toleration. pp. 174-203.
CHAPTER VIII.
SETTLEMENT OF CONNECTICUT. THE PEQUOT WAR.
Thomas Dudley Governor-Administration of Haynes-Fresh arrival of emigrants-Henry Vane-His election as Governor-Opposition to his admin- istration-Causes of the same-Mr. Winthrop re-elected-His death-Prc- gress of settlement-Town organizations-Settlement of Connecticut-Diffi- culties with the Pequots-Expedition to Block Island-Intercession of Roger Williams-Depredations of the Indians-The Pequot War- Fort Mystic attacked-Prosecution of the War-Troops enlisted-End of the War-Re- newed Hostilities-Miantonomo-His fate-The War Spirit of the past and of the present. pp. 204-234.
CHAPTER IX.
RELIGIOUS CONTROVERSIES.
Position of the Puritans-Roger Williams-His settlement at Plymouth and at Salem-Charges against him-Sentence of Banishment-Views of the Magistrates-He removes to Seekonk, and thence to Providence-Ilis char- acter-The career of Rhode Island-Second Controversy-Mrs. Ann Hutch-
x
CONTENTS.
inson-Progress of her views-Nature of the same-Charges against her- Intervention to suppress her errors-Dealings with Mr. Cotton-Mr. Wheel- wright censured-Departure of Mr. Vanc-A Synod convened-Its proceed- ings and result-Banishment of Mr. Wheelwright-Sentence of Mrs. Huteh- inson-Proceedings against her adherents-Results of this controversy-Fate of Mrs. Hutchinson-Controversy with Gorton-His banishment to Rhode Island-Warrant for his arrest-He is taken prisoner-His release-General reflections. pp. 235-266.
CHAPTER X.
LEGISLATION OF THE COLONY - DIFFICULTIES WITH ENGLAND.
A Puritan Community established-Limitation of the elective franchise- Church members alone entitled to vote-Oath of Allegiance-Government of the Colony-House of Representatives established-Conflict of Political opinion-Body of Liberties-Character of the Colonial Laws-Abstract of the Body of Liberties-Morality of the people-Difficulties with England- Complaints of Gorges and Mason-The News reaches Massachusetts-Fur- ther Difficulties-A Special Commission appointed-Edward Winslow sent to England - His imprisonment - Dissolution of the Council for New Eng- land - Reasons for the same - Surrender of the Great Patent - Persecuting Policy of the King - Proceedings against the Colony - Internal enemies - The Petition to the King - The Spirit of Independence - Reflections upon the difficulties with England. pp. 267-296.
CHAPTER XI.
THE CONFEDERACY OF THE COLONIES.
Settlement of the New Haven Colony - Difficulties with the Hartford Colony-Progress of Settlement in New Hampshire-New Hampshire joined to Massachusetts-Affairs of the Plymouth Colony-Difficulties with the French-Affray with Hocking-D'Aulney and La Tour-Survey of the Con- dition of the Colonies-Education fostered - Harvard College - Common Schools-Projected Settlement in the Tropics-Review of the History of the Colonies-The Confederacy. pp. 297-320.
CHAPTER XII. MASSACHUSETTS AND THE COMMONWEALTHI.
The Revolution in England-Agents sent to England-Puritanism in Vir- ginia-Action of Parliament-Vessel seized at Charlestown-Political Dis- cussions-Seizure of a Dartmouth Ship-Difficulties within the Colony-New Dissensions-Struggle for Religious Liberty-Petition of Child and others- Mr. Winslow sent to England-Parliament favors the Colonies-Ordinanee against Virginia-Cromwell's Invitation to the Puritans-Course of the Colo- nies-Troubles with the Dutch-Indian Difficulties-Expedition to Niantick- Spirit of the Puritans. pp. 321-348.
xi
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIII.
THE PRAYING INDIANS. THE QUAKERS.
Conversion of the Indians-Labors of Roger Williams-Mayhew of Nan- tucket-Labors of the Mayhews- John Eliot-Civilization of the Indians- Society for Propagating the Gospel-Natick Settled-The Indian Bible and other books- Indian Churches-Labors in the Plymouth Colony-General Reflections-Difficulties with the Quakers-Rise of the Quakers-Treatment of Fox-Mary Fisher and Ann Austin-Laws against Quakers-Roger Wil- liams and George Fox-Progress of Persecution -Apologies of the Colonists- Extravagances of the Quakers-Wenlock Christisson - Mandamus of the King-Agents sent to England-Reflections. pp. 349-372.
CHAPTER XIV.
MASSACHUSETTS AND CHARLES THE SECOND.
The Restoration-Proclamation of the King-Ad ress to his Majesty-The Reply-Situation of the Colonies-Declaration of Rights-Prochmation of Charles in the Colonies-Agents sent to England-Their Departure-Requi- sitions of the King-Reluctant compliance of the Colonists-Renewed Diffi- culties with England-Intercessions of Sir Thomas Temple and others- Trans-Atlantic Intolerance-Commissioners appointed-They land at Boston- Nature of their Commission-Action of the General Court-Conduct of the Commissioners-Address to the King-The Commissioners return to Boston- Their Proceedings at Plymouth, Rhode Island, and Connecticut-They again return to Massachusetts-Collision with the Magistrates-Departure for New Hampshire-Their Conduct-New Demands of the King-Discussion on the same-Spirit of the people. pp. 373-403.
·
CHAPTER XV. PHILIP'S WAR. 1675.
Dealings with the Indians-Difficulties with Philip- Meeting for their adjustment-Fresh Rumors circulated-Outbreak of hostilities - Swanzey attacked-Forees sent to its relief-Anticipated horrors of the War-Praying Indians enlisted-Narraganset treaty-Flight of Philip-The War in the Old Colony-Brookfield attacked-Conduct of the Western Indians-The War on the Connecticut-Attack on Hatfield-Proceedings of the Commissioners- Attack on Springfield-Fresh troops levied-Negotiations renewed-A Win- ter campaign proposed-March to Narraganset-Arrival at the Swamp-side- The Attack. pp. 404-428.
CHAPTER XVI. PHILIP'S WAR. 1676.
Relative condition of the English and the Indians-The War renewed- Philip flees to the Nipmucks-Lancaster attacked-Attack on Medfield-More
,
1
xii
CONTENTS.
troops levied-Measures for Defense-Capt Pierce ambushed at Seekonk-A Council of War convened-The Sudbury Fight-Death of Wadsworth-Suf- ferings of the Indians-Movements of the Connecticut troops-Attack on Scituate-Proceedings in Massachusetts-Surprise of the Indians-Death of Capt. Turner-Attack on Hadley-Philip flees to Mount Hope-Death of Philip-The War Ends-General Reflections. pp. 429-448.
CHAPTER XVII.
THE DOWNFALL OF THE CHARTER.
Commissioners to be sent to the Colonies-Death of the Fathers of New England-Fresh Difficulties with England-Petition of Gorges and Mason- Measures of Defense-Randolph sent to Massachusetts-Action of the Magis- trates-Randolph visits Plymouth-He returns to England-Agents sent to England-Reception of the agents-Conduct of the King-Action of Massa- chusetts-Randolph appointed Collector-He again reaches Boston-Action of the Magistrates-Randolph returns to England-Letter of the King, and action upon the same-Political changes in the Colony-New agents sent to England-Conduct of Randolph-Attempt to introduce Episcopacy-Recep- tion of the new agents in England-The War against the Charter-Discussion of the question of its surrender-Cranfield's insidious proposals-The agents return to Massachusetts-Massachusetts refuses to surrender her Charter- Speech of Increase Mather-Downfall of the Charter. pp. 449-478.
CHAPTER XVIII. UNION OF THE COLONIES.
Accession of James the Second-Joseph Dudley appointed President- Titles to lands called in question-Exactions of Randolph and others-Main- - tenance of the Gospel impaired-A new Government established-Increase Mather opposes its measures-Mather sent as agent to England-Hopeless- ness of his mission-The Revolution in England-The news reaches Boston- Massachusetts asserts her rights-A Council of Safety appointed-Proceedings in the other colonies-Proclamation of William and Mary-Mather introduced to the Kisg-Attempt to restore the Old Charter-Andros's attempt to escape-Andros sent to England-His discharge-A new Charter sought- Parties interested in this Charter-Plymouth solicits a Charter-The Province Charter-Arrival of Phipps-Conclusion. pp. 479-518
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HISTORY OF MASSACHUSETTS.
CHAPTER I.
EARLY VOYAGES. DISCOVERY OF MASSACHUSETTS.
THE discovery of America is due to the courage of CHAP. Christopher Columbus. The existence of this country may I. have been known to the civilized world before his day, 1492. several of the Northern Nations of Europe claiming to have visited its shores so early as the eleventh 'century ; but by him conjecture was converted into certainty. Previ- ously, profound ignorance prevailed concerning the Western Regions of the mighty Atlantic. Its vast expanse was viewed by many with superstitious dread. No mariner had penetrated deeply into its bosom. Cautiously skirting its coasts, and feeling their way along from point to point, few had ventured to lose sight of land, and the boldest and most daring regarded its obscurity as a gulf into which conjecture could not reach, and which it was madness in any one to attempt to fathom.
The voyage of Columbus broke the charm of this spell, and the news of his discovery of a World in the West, struck Europe with an electric thrill. In every court the tidings were received with singular joy; the glowing de- scriptions of the productions and wealth of that World caused fancy to revel in visions of affluence ; and an enthu-
)
2
JOHN AND SEBASTIAN CABOT.
CHAP. siasm, of which the counterpart has been seen in our own 1. day, awakened by the discoveries in California and Aus- tralia, pervaded all classes of society, and gave a fresh impulse to maritime adventure.
The honor of initiating the discovery of America is by common consent conceded to Spain; but this honor was not long destined to be exclusively enjoyed by that nation. England was at peace with all the world; the civil wars of the rival houses of York and Lancaster had drawn to a close; the application of Bartholomew Columbus had been favorably received by Henry VII .; and a concurrence of circumstances favored the growth of the commerce of that nation, and the extension of her then but infant fame. The policy of Henry, though never signally liberal, was wise enough to encourage enterprise so far as others bore the expense ; and the marts of his Kingdom were thronged with adventurers from sunnier climes, familiar with the perils of the ocean, who were ready, even upon slight encouragement, to run great risks in the hope of great gains. Among these was John Cabot, with his sons Lewis, Sancius and Sebastian, - the last of whom was a native of England, being born in Bristol, in 1477.1
Both father and son are said to have been skilled in the nautical sciences ;" and the latter especially - the youthful Sebastian- whose genius is unquestionable, was filled with a daring enthusiasm and a restless desire to immortalize his name, by connecting it with some achievement akin to that which had thrown such luster upon the name of his contemporary, the Genoese voyager.3 Communicating to
1 Eden's Decades, fol, 255, ed. from the fact of his having already 1555, or 267, ed. 1577; Stow's made more than one voyage. Chron., 480, ed. 1631.
2 Mr. Biddle, in his excellent Me- moir of Cabot, 45, seems to doubt the skill of the father; but he was evi- dently familiar with maritime life,
3 It is intimated by Whitelock, Memorials, 191, that there had been some communication between Cabot and the brother of Columbus, rela- tive to the discoveries in the West Indies ; but of this we find no proof.
للق الطعام
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3
FIRST PATENT TO THE CABOTS.
the King the project of discovering a new way to India by CHAP. sailing to the Northwest, this project, as promising renown V
I. if successfully executed, and as competing with the illus- trious discovery of Columbus, was immediately approved ; and a commission, characteristic of the thriftiness of the monarch, was issued1 to Cabot and his sons, authorizing Mar. 5. them to "Sail to all parts, countries, and seas of the 1495-6. East, of the West, and of the North, under our ban- ners and ensigns, with five ships of what burden or quan- tity soever they be, and as many mariners or men as they will have with them in the said ships, upon their own proper costs and charges, to seek out, discover, and find whatsoever isles, countries, regions, or provinces of the heathen and infidels, whatsoever they be, and in what part- of the world soever they bc, which before this time have been unknown to all Christians." Power was likewise given to set up the Royal banner "in every village, town, castle, isle, or main land, by them newly found," and to subdue, occupy, and possess the same as vassals of the English Crown ; and it was further stipulated in this "most ancient American state paper of England,"? that the patentees should be strictly bound to land at the port of Bristol on their return, and pay to the King one-fifth of the profit of their enterprise; and the exclusive privilege of resort and traffic was secured to, and vested in them and their assigns, unconditionally and unlimitedly.3
In virtue of this commission, about a year after its grant4
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1
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May, 1497.
1 Rymer's Ferd., 12. 595; Hak- lust, 3. 25, 26 : Hazard, 1. 9.
Chalmers, Polit. Ann., 7.
$ Biddle's Mem., 71-2 ; Chalmers, Ann., 7-8.
+ Barrett, Hist. Bristol, 172, cd. 1750, says, on the authority of an
ancient MS .: "In the year 1497, the 24th June, was Newfoundland found by Bristol men, in a ship call- ed the Matthew" See also Corry's Hist. Bristol, 1. 213; Biddle's Mem., 79, note.
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4
VOYAGE OF THE CABOTS-SECOND PATENT.
CHAP. the youthful Sebastian, accompanying his father,1 sailed I. from Bristol on his first memorable voyage across the Atlantic ; and though we lack full accounts of the extent of this voyage, its result seems to have been the discovery of the American Continent, upon the Atlantic seaboard far to the North, a little more than a year before Columbus saw the main-land, and nearly two years before Vespucius sailed West of the Canaries.2
Feh. 3, 1497-8.
In the following year Henry, elated by success, and venturing himself to participate slightly in the enterprise, issued a second patent to John Cabot and his deputies, which, though less ample than the first, and worded more cautiously, allowed the grantees "VI Englisshe shippes . . . so that and if the said shippes be of the bourdeyn of CC tonnes or under, with their apparail requisite and necessarie for the safe conduct of the said shippes, and them convey and lede to the Londe and Isles of late found by the seid John in oure name and by oure commaundemente."3
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The death of the father, which soon followed, virtually annulled this grant, and rendered it useless ; but the young Sebastian, relying upon the implied promise of the King, without hesitation assumed the responsibility of carrying out its provisions, and " divers merchants of Bristol also adventuring small stocks," he sailed a second time, with
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1 Mr. Biddle doubts the agency ence of the father would seem to of the father in this voyage ; yet the have been necessary, if for no other purpose than to sanction his author- ity, and aid him with his counsel. terms of the patent of 1498 seem clear, and the extract from the map of Sebastian, furnished by Hakluyt, 2 Smith, Gen. Hist., 1. 80, Rich- mond ed .; Charlevoix, 1. 4; Bid- dle's Mem., 95 ; Bancroft's U. S., 1. 10; Hildreth's U. S., 1. 34, 36. 3. 27, if authentic, corroborates his claim. Besides, Sebastian himself was too young to have had the sole charge of such an expedition- 3 Lediard, 1. 85; Hazard, 1. 10; Biddle's Mem., 75. being yet a minor -and the pres-
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بعد لـ
1
5
VOYAGE OF SEBASTIAN CABOT.
others in his company, and soon beheld, with a throbbing CHAP.
I.
heart, the scene of his former adventures and toils.1
"Huge mountain islands of congealed ice, Floating like Delos on the stormy main, Could not deter him from his enterprise, Nor blood-congealing winter's freezing pain, Enforce him, coward-like, turn back again." 2
Of the subsequent career of this eminent man-who gave to England her claims to that part of North America embraced in his discoveries, and who was the first to pro- ject a settlement of the country-it is hardly within our province to treat. We regret that his "Maps" and "Charts," and the journals of his voyages have probably perished, as these doubtless would serve to clear up many points in his history yet involved in obscurity, and which we can only look to the happy discoveries of some future investigator to elucidate and explain.3
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