USA > Massachusetts > Hampshire County > Gazetteer of Hampshire County, Mass., 1654-1887 > Part 3
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THE GLACIAL PERIOD.
The work of the ice was twofold. Over the uplands it planed off the deeply-rotted rock, so that now, when ledges are exposed, they are generally of compact and fresh rock. It planed deeply into the sandstone, especially north of the Holyoke range, and formed the serrated outline of the range itself. On the other hand, as a river builds up bars, it built up great rounded hills of stony clay, of peculiar and regular shape and great density from the great pressure of the ice. Hence the terni "hardpan." These hills are very nat- urally called "hog backs." They are semi-circular when seen from the direc- tion of motion of the ice, and semi-eliptical when seen at right angles thereto. They cluster around Northampton (Round Hill) and Amherst (Castor and Pollux). Finally, on its melting, the mass of the material being moved along beneath the ice, with that which had gathered in and on it, was dumped in a confused mass of clay, stones and boulders, forming the characteristic " gla- cial landscape " which everywhere marks our hill towns, yielding a rocky soil, durable, but difficult of cultivation.
THE FLOOD PERIOD.
The ice which covered the county, covered also all New England and all its mountains, and moved southeast to the sea. On melting, its front moved back northwest across the county, with many readvances. At a railroad cut- ting at the camp-meeting grounds at Northampton, I found evidence of three.
Thus the abundant waters found the water-ways obstructed by the ice and its deposits and changed by its erosions, and the re-establishment of the drainage was accompanied by many strange and temporary streams and lakes, most of which extend too far beyond the limits of the county to receive treat-
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
ment here. For instance, the ice retreating from southeast to northwest, passed down the tributaries of the east side of the valleys, setting free their head waters first, and for a long time clogging their mouths and preventing their waters from freely entering the main valley, while on the west it retreated up the valleys. So on the east the waters were dammed back in lakes and escaped south over the lowest col, while on the west the tributary valleys were simply well scoured out by the floods. Thus the ice obstructed the narrow passage between Palmer and Three Rivers, and the waters were deflected southwardly through the deep Munson valley into the Housatonic basin.
Thus the ice rested against the entrance to the large upland basin in Pel- ham and formed a lake into which great bodies of sand were brought, which now lie more than 800 feet above the sea. A little later it clogged the mouth of Miller's river far to the north, and a great volume of water passed south through New Salem, Greenwich, Enfield and Ware, transporting great bodies of sand and gravel to make the broad sand plains of the flat Green- wich valley, which are continuous from Orange to Palmer.
THE CONNECTICUT LAKE.
Upon the disappearance of the ice from this section of the valley, the great volume of the waters of its melting sustained a lake, which stretched in width to the full limits of the valley, as we have given them, in length from Mt. Toby to the foot of Holyoke, and sent a broad lobe out round Mt. Tom, across Easthampton and Southampton, and on south. Its height was 300 feet above the sea and 200 above low water of the present Connecticut.
The Long Plain in Leverett, North Amherst station, the Bay road, the south spur of Mt. Warner, the Florence plain, and West Farms, are level portions of its shore flats. The first and last two are great deltas sent out into its waters. In all its deeper waters the flat, laminated clays were being de- posited, while the sands of the deltas were extending out from the shore. Each layer of the clay, on an average of two-fifths of an inch thick, repre- sents a year's deposit. The clays are, at the Northampton bridge, above 120 feet thick, and at East Street bridge above fifty feet, which would give num- bers for the duration of the lake favoring the idea that the glacial period was not more than 10,000 years ago, one of the shortest estimates.
In these clays I have found an abundant glacial flora, proving that the lake succeeded immediately to the ice, and I have found indications of several re-advances of the ice ploughing up the sands of the lake.
Within the limits we have assigned to the lake, the present surface of the ground is the old lake bottom, with all its bars and ridges. A period was set to the life of the lake before it had been fully silted up, and the flooded waters subsided with remarkable rapidity to nearly the present dimensions of the Connecticut. Only the meadows represent the area over which the river has swung since its shrinkage, building up their broad, flat surfaces of fine, 3*
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
rich, alluvial soil by the accumulated contribution of many freshets. Mean- dering thus across its meadows, the stream has formed seven great "oxbows," three in Hatfield and four in Northampton, and then cut off six of these, two within the period of settlement. It has formed them all on its western side, betraying thus a tendency to wear more on its right bank than on its left, and this is much more strongly seen in all its tributaries as they pass across the meadows. This is believed to be due to the influence of the earth's rotation.
The great range of sand dunes which stretch across Hadley, east of the meadows, and dot the Hatfield plain, the peat and bog ore filling of the swamps, deserve notice, with the newly formed islands and the extensive ero- sions of the river, as the last geological objects and agencies of the valley.
*CHAPTER III.
BOTANY OF HAMPSHIRE COUNTY - INTRODUCTORY REMARKS-CATA- LOGUE OF PLANTS GROWING WILD WITHIN THIRTY MILES OF AMHERST.
W HEN the present publishers applied to me for an article on the botany of Hampshire county, I had no idea of giving to the article the form it has finally taken. It was, however, a part of my plan to give a list of plants found growing wild within the limits of the county. Regret being expressed by my botanical acquaintances that the area of the flora should be so restricted, it has, with the consent of the publishers, been made to include that portion of Central New England within thirty miles of Amherst. The list therefore includes a number of plants not yet known to have been found in Hampshire county. Still the number of which it can be said that they probably do not grow within the county, is extremely small.
Two such lists have already been published,-Hitchcock's Catalogue of Plants growing without cultivation in the vicinity of Amherst College, contrib- uted to by a number of the best botanists of the time (1829), and A Cata- logue of Plants growing without cultivation within thirty miles of Amherst College, by the late Prof. Edward Tuckerman, of Amherst College, in collab- oration with the late Charles C. Frost, of Brattleboro, Vt. Another prom- inent contributor to the latter list was Prof. H. G. Jesup, now of Dartmouth College. It is unnecessary to say that the preparation of the present list would have been impossible but for the labors of these predecessors in the same field.
*Prepared by Prof. N. A. Cobb, of Williston Seminary, Easthampton.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
The first of these catalogues was long since out of date. The second ex- cellent and well-known catalogue, with which the present list is very nearly co-extensive, was published in 1875. The publication, at a more recent date, of a number of important American works on systematic botany has rendered it desirable that a list should be made out more in accordance with the ma- terial thus made accessible. Dr. Gray's Synoptical Flora of North America, (Gamopetalæ, 1886), which should be in the hands of every working botanist, makes changes that should become known to the students of his Manual ; Lesquereux & James's Manual of the Mosses of North America (1884) be- comes at once the standard American bryological work ; the publication, in 1882, of the first part of the lamented Prof. Tuckerman's Synopsis of the North American Lichens, makes accessible for the first time to the general student some adequate account of our more conspicuous lichens ; the publication (1884) of Underwood's Descriptive Catalogue of the North American Hepat- icæ, brings within the reach of all a systematic account of our liverworts. All these works make numerous changes in the nomenclature and arrange- ment of their respective departments. In addition to all this, the lapse of time has inevitably brought to light, in a district where botany is so assidu- ously cultivated, a number of species not before known as growing within its limits.
That this list compensates for the loss of a second edition of his catalogue, which, had Prof. Tuckerman's life been spared, we should have had from his own hand, is not to be hoped ; but that, in embodying the changes suggested by the above mentioned facts, it proceeds on the plan he would have adopted, is unquestionable.
Attention is called to the following points : The Phanerogamia are referred by page to Gray's Manual ; but the Gamopetala are arranged according to the Synoptical Flora of North America, and the Polypetala according to Mr. Sereno Watson's useful Bibliographical Index to North American Bot- any. Where later ivestigations, either structural or bibliographical, have resulted in changing the name of a plant, the most recent name is used, (the Manual synonym being enclosed in parenthesis). The Filices and Ophio- glossaceæ are referred by page to Gray's Manual ; but the arrangement and nomenclature is that most recently adopted by our American authority, Prof. D. C. Eaton, of Yale University. The Musci, Hepatica and Lichenes are referred by page to the works hereinbefore mentioned, and the arrange- ment and nomenclature is that adopted in those works respectively. Those lichens not included in Tuckerman's Synopsis, are referred to the same , author's Genera Lichenum. The Fungi are referred by page to Cooke's Hand-book of the British Fungi, which, unsatisfactory and hard to procure as it is, is the best systematic work available for the purpose. The arrangement is different from that adopted in the English work and is believed to be better.
Plants whose names are entered without annotation are to be understood as at least not uncommon. Where plants are known from only a few stations,
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
the stations are generally given, often with the authority. Introduced species are indicated by spaced type.
The lists of Oophyta, Zygophyta and Protophyta make no pretensions to completeness. I have simply named such forms as I have chanced to notice while searching for specimens for my classes in biology.
My thanks are due to Mrs. Edward Tuckerman for placing at my disposal Prof. Tuckerman's notes on additional species; to Miss Henrietta Hooker, of Mt. Holyoke Seminary, for new South Hadley stations ; to Dr. Asa Gray and to Prof. D. C. Eaton, for aid and correction ; to the Springfield Botan- ical Society, especially to W. H. Chapin, M. D., for the communication of specimens of a number of species new to our area ; to my wife, to whom I owe the entire rearrangement of the Gamopetala; and to many others, whose names will be found associated with the species upon which they have furnished notes ; and I take this opportunity of expressing to all my obliga- tions. This list must be regarded as a general contribution rather than as the work of any one individual, and if this rearranged and augmented form awakens any new interest in a favorite science, I shall be glad to have been able to make this very slight contribution to the natural history of the region where for twelve years I have botanized with so much interest.
PHANEROGAMIA.
[The numbers refer to the pages of Gray's Manual of Botany, edition of 1868.]
Dicotyledons or Exogens.
Angiospermæ.
POLYPETALAE.
RANUNCULACEE.
Clematis, L. VIRGIN's BOWER.
verticillaris, DC. Mts. Tom and Holyoke; Greenfield. 35. Viorna, L. LEATHER-FLOWER. Brattleboro, Frost. 36.
acutiloba, Law. HEPATICA. LIV- ERWORT. (Hepatica acutiloba, DC., Man.) 38.
Thalictrum, Tourn. MEADOW- RUE. anemonoides, Michx. RUE-AN-
EMONE. 38. dioicum, L. 39.
Cornuti, L. 39.
Virginiana, L. VIRGIN'S BOWER. 36. Anemone, L. WIND FLOWER.
cylindrica, Gray. Mt. Toby, Royalston, etc. 37.
Virginiana, L. 37. dichotoma, L. South Hadley, G. L. Goodale. (A. Pennsyl- vanica, L., Man.) 37.
Ranunculus, L. CROWFOOT. aquatilis, L., var. trichophyllus, Gray. 40. multifidus, Pursh. 40. alismæfolius, Geyer. 41. Flammula, L., var. reptans, Mey- er. 41. abortivus. L. 42. sceleratus, L. 42.
nemorosa, L. WIND-FLOWER. 38. Hepatica, I. HEPATICA. LIV-
recurvatus, Poir. 42.
Pennsylvanicus, L. 42. ERWORT. (Hepatica triloba, Chaix., Man.) 38.
fascicularis, Muhl. 43.
repens, L. 43.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
bulbosus, L. BUTTERCUPS.
43. acris, L. 43. Caltha, L. MARSH MARIGOLD.
palustris, L. COWSLIP. 44.
Coptis, Salisb. GOLDTHREAD. trifolia, Salisb. 45. Aquilegia, Tourn. COLUMBINE. Canadensis, L. 45.
Actaa, L. BANE-BERRY.
spicata, L., var. rubra, Ait. 47. alba, Bigel, 47.
Cimicifuga, L. BLACK SNAKE-ROOT. racemosa, Nutt. Goshen, E. Hitchcock. 48.
MAGNOLIACEÆ.
Liriodendron, L
Tulipifera, L. TULIP-TREE. Deerfield, Springfield, etc. 50. MENISPERMACEÆ.
Menispermum, L. MOONSEED. Canadense, L. 51. BERBERIDACEÆ.
Berberis, L. BARBERRY. vulgaris, L. 52. Caulophyllum, Michx. thalictroides, Michx. PAPPOOSE- ROOT, 53. Podophyllum, L. peltatum, L. MAY. APPLE. S.
Amherst, Hitchcock. 54.
NYMPHÆACEÆ.
Brasenia. Schreb. peltata, Pursh. 55.
Nymphæa, Tourn. odorata, Ait. WATER-LILY. 56.
Nuphar, Smith. advena, Ait. YELLOW WATER- LILY. 57.
luteum, Smith. Oxbow, Jesup. 57. pumilum, Smith. (N. luteum, var. pumilum, Gray, Man.) 37. SARRACENIACEÆ.
Sarracenia, Tourn. PITCHER-PLANT. purpurea, L. SIDE-SADDLE FLOW- ER. 58. PAPAVERACEÆ.
Chelidonium, L. majus, L. CELANDINE. 60. 70.
Sanguinaria, Dill. Canadensis, L. BLOOD ROOT. 60.
FUMARIACEÆ.
Adlumia, Raf. cirrhosa, Raf. Mt. Toby, etc. 61. Dicentra, Bork.
Cucullaria, DC. DUTCHMAN'S
BREECHES. North Amherst. Northampton. 61. Canadensis, DC. SQUIRREL-CORN. Conway, G. L. Goodale. 61.
Corydalis, Vent. glauca, Pursh. 61.
Fumaria, L.
officinalis, L. FUMITORY. 62.
CRUCIFERA.
Nasturtium, R. Br. CRESS.
officinale, R. Br. TRUE WA- TER-CRESS. Deerfield. 64. sylvestre, R. Br. School mead- ow, Hadley. 64. palustre, DC. 64. Armoracia, Fries. HORSE-RAD- ISH. 65. Dentaria, L. TOOTHWORT. diphylla, Michx. 65. laciniata, Muhl. Deerfield, Hitch- cock. S. Hadley, one season ; Miss Hooker. 66. Cardamine, L. LADY'S SMOCK. rhomboidea, DC. 66. hirsuta, L., & var. sylvatica, Gray. 67. Arabis, L. ROCK-CRESS. hirsuta, Scop. 68. lævigata, Poir. 68. Canadensis. L. SICKLE-POD. 68. perfoliata, Lam. 69. Barbarea, R. Br. WINTER-CRESS. vulgaris, R. Br. 69.
Spencer, Cobb.
Erysimum, L. TREACLE-MUSTARD. cheiranthoides, I .. Mt. Toby, Jesup. Brattleboro, Frost. 69. Sisymbrium, L. officinale, Scop. HEDGE-MUS- TARD. 70. Brassica, Tourn. alba, Gray. WHITE MUSTARD.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
nigra, Koch. TRUE MUSTARD. 71. Alyssum, Tourn.
calycinum, L. Amherst, rare. 72. Camelina, Crantz.
sativa, Crantz. Amherst. 73.
Capsella, Vent. Bursa-pastoris, Moench. SHEPHERD'S-PURSE. 73.
Lepidium, L. PEPPERWORT. Virginicum, L. 74. campestre, R. Br. Amherst, Clark. 74.
Raphanus, L. RADISH. Raphanistrum, L. CHARLOCK. 75. CISTACEÆ.
Helianthemum, Tourn. FROST-WORT. Canadense. Michx. 80.
Lechea, L. PIN-WEED. major, Michx. 81.
minor, Walt., Lam. 82.
VIOLACEÆE.
Viola, L. VIOLET.
rotundifolia, Michx. 77.
lanceolata, L. 77.
primulæfolia, L 77. blanda, Willd. WHITE VIOLET. 77 odorata, L. Sparingly about greenhouses and gardens. 77. cucullata, Ait., & var. palmata, Gray. COMMON BLUE VIOLET. 78. sagittata, Ait. 78.
pedata, L. BIRD-FOOT VIOLET. 78. canina, L., var. sylvestris, Regel. DOG VIOLET. 79. rostrata, Muhl. 79. striata, Ait. Amherst, Hitchcock. 79.
Canadensis, L. 79. pubescens, Ait. DOWNY YELLOW VIOLET. 79. tricolor, L. PANSY. About houses. 80.
POLYGALACEÆ.
Polygala, Tourn. MILK-WORT. sanguinea, L. 121. verticillata, L. 122.
polygama, Walter. BITTER PO- LYGALA. 122.
paucifolia, Willd. FRINGED PO- LYGALA. FLOWERING WINTER- GREEN. 122.
CARYOPHYLLACEÆE.
Dianthus, L. Armeria, L. DEPTFORD PINK. Shores of Conn. river. 88.
Saponaria, L. officinalis, L. SOAPWORT. BOUNCING BET. 88.
Silene, L. CATCHFLY. inflata, Smith. BLADDER CAM- PION. Amherst, Spencer, etc. 89. Pennsylvanica, Michx. 89. antirrhina, L. 90. noctiflora, L. 90.
Lychnis, Tourn. dioica, L. RED CAMPION. Roadsides.
Githago, Lam. COCKLE. 90. Flos-cuculi, L.
Arenaria, L. SANDWORT. serpyllifolia, L. 91. stricta, Michx. 91. lateriflora, L. 91.
Stellaria, L STITCHWORT. media, Smith. CHICKWEED. 92. longifolia, Muhl. 92. graminea, L. Amherst, rare, Tuckerman. uliginosa, Murr. S. Deerfield, Jesup. 92.
borealis, Bigel.
93.
Cerastium, L. MOUSE-EAR CHICK- WEED. viscosum, L. 94.
nutans, Raf. Hadley, etc.
94.
arvense, L. 94.
Sagina, L. PEARLWORT. procumbens, L. 94.
Lepigonum, Fries. rubrum, Fries. (Spergularia ru- bra, Presl., var. compestris, Gray, Man.) 95.
Spergula, L. SPURREY. arvensis, L. 96. PARONYCHIEÆ.
Anychia, Michx. dichotoma, Michx. 96.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
Scleranthus, L. KNAWEL. annuus, L. 96.
PORTULACACEÆ.
Portulaca, Tourn.
oleracea, L. PURSLANE 98. grandiflora, Hook. Occasion- ally spontaneous. 98. Claytonia, L. SPRING BEAUTY. Virginica, L. 98. Caroliniana, Michx. 98.
HYPERICACEÆ.
Hypericum, L. ST. JOHN'S-WORT.
pyramidatum, Ait.
84.
ellipticum, Hook.
85.
perforatum, L. 85.
corymbosum, Muhl. 85.
mutilum, L. 85. Canadense, L. & var. majus, Gray. Conway, Jesup. 86. Sarothra, Michx. 86.
Elodes, Adans. Virginica , Nutt. 86. MALVACEÆ.
Malva, L. MALLOW. rotundifolia, L. DWARF MaL- LOW. 99. sylvestris, L. OFFICINAL or
HIGH MALLOW. 99. moschata, L. MUSK MALLOW. 99. Abutilon, Tourn. INDIAN MALLOW. Avicennae, GAERTN. VELVET LEAF. IOI. TILIACEÆ.
Tilia, L. LIME-TREE. Americana, L. BASSWOOD. 103. LINACEÆ. Linum, L. FLAX. Virginianum, L. FLAX. 104.
GERANIACEÆ. Geranium, L. CRANE'S-BILL. maculatum, L. 107. Carolinianum, L. 107. Robertianum, L. HERB ROBERT. 107. Impatiens, L. BALSAM. pallida, Nutt. PALE TOUCH-ME- NOT. 108. fulva, Nutt. SPOTTED TOUCH- ME-NOT. 108.
Oxalis, L. WOOD-SORREL. Acetosella, L. TRUE WOOD- SORREL. Conway, and north- ward. 109. violacea, L. Amherst, and south- ward. 109. corniculata, L., var. stricta, Sav. (O. stricta, L., Man.) 109. RUTACEÆ. Xanthoxylum, Colden. Americanum, Mill. PRICKLY ASH. Sunderland, Hitchcock; Nor- wottuck, Clark. IIO. Ptelia, L. HOP-TREE. trifoliata, L. Easthampton, Cobb. IIO.
ILICINEÆE.
Ilex, L., Gray. HOLLY.
verticillata, Gray. 307.
lævigata, Gray.
Belchertown
ponds, Jesup. 307.
Nemopanthes, Raf.
Canadensis, DC.
MOUNTAIN
HOLLY. 307.
CELASTRACEÆ.
Celastrus, L. CLIMBING STAFF-TREE. scandens, L. 116.
RHAMNACEÆ
Rhamnus, Tourn. BUCKTHORN. cathartica, L. TRUE BUCK- THORN. Roadsides, Leverett. 114. alnifolia, L'Her. Deerfield, Hitchcock. 115. Ceanothus, L. NEW JERSEY TEA. Americanus, L. 115.
VITACEE. Vitis, Tourn. VINE. Labrusca, L. Fox GRAPE-VINE. II2.
æstivalis, Michx. SUMMER GRAPE-
VINE.
II2.
riparia, Michx.
113 & 679.
Ampelopsis, Michx.
quinquefolia, Michx.
VIRGINIA
CREEPER.
WOODBINE. 113.
SAPINDACE.E.
Staphylea, L.
trifolia, L. BLADDER NUT. 117.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
Acer, Tourn. MAPLE.
Pennsylvanicum, L. STRIPED MA- PLE. I19.
spicatum, Lam. MOUNTAIN MA-
PLE. II9. saccharinum, Wang. & var. ni- grum, Torr. & Gray. SUGAR MAPLE. II9.
dasycarpum, Ehrh.
SILVER MA-
paniculatum, DC. I36. PLE. II9. rubrum, L. RED MAPLE. 119.
ANACARDIACEÆ.
Rhus, L. SUMAC.
typhina, L. III.
glabra, L.
copallina, L. III.
venenata, DC.
POISON SUMAC.
DOG WOOD.
III.
Toxicodendron, L. POISON IVY. III.
LEGUMINOSÆ.
Lupinus, Tourn. LUPINE. perennis, L. 126.
Crotalaria, L.
sagittalis, L. 126.
Trifolium, L. TREFOIL.
arvense, L. HARE'S-FOOT TRE- FOIL. J27.
pratense, L. RED CLOVER. I27.
hybridum; L. PINK CLOVER. Roadsides, Spencer, North- ampton, etc. Cobb. repens, L. WHITE CLOVER. 127. agrarium, L. HOP TREFOIL. YELLOW CLOVER. I27. procumbens, L. Low Hop- TREFOIL. YELLOW CLOVER. I28.
Melilotus, Tourn. MELILOT. officinalis, Willd. 128. alba, Lam. Roadsides. I28.
Medicago, L. MEDICK. sativa, L. LUCERNE. Rare, G. L. Goodale. 128.
lupulina, L. NONESUCH. Rare. I28. Robinia, L. LOCUST TREE. Pseudacacia, L. 131. viscosa, Vent. 131. Tephrosia, Pers. I49.
Virginiana, Pers. AMER. GOAT'S RUE. 131.
Desmodium, DC. TICK-TREFOIL.
nudiflorum, DC. 135.
acuminatum, DC. 135. rotundifolium, DC. 135.
canescens, DC. 135.
cuspidatum, Hook. I36.
Dillenii, Darlingt. 136.
Canadense, DC. 1 36. rigidum, DC. 136. Marilandicum, Boott. I37.
Lespedeza, Michx. BUSH-CLOVER. repens, Barton, (L. procumbens, Michx., Man. is merged in this). 137.
violacea, Pers. I37. hirta, Ell. 138. capitata, Michx. 138.
Vicia, Tourn. VETCH.
sativa, L. 138.
Cracca, L. Deerfield, Tucker- man's Cat. Easthampton, Cobb. 139.
Lathyrus, L. VETCHLING. pratensis, L. W. Springfield, A. P. Foster. 1 40.
Apios, Boerh. tuberosa, Moench. GROUND-
NUT. 140.
Amphicarpæa, Ell. HOG PEA-NUT. monoica, Ell. TWINING THREAD- WORT. 142.
Baptisia, Vent. tinctoria, R. Br. WILD INDIGO.
I43.
Cassia, L. Marilandica, L. WILD SENNA. I 44. nictitans, L. Hadley, Easthamp- ton, common. I 44.
ROSACEA.
Prunus, Tourn. PLUM. CHERRY. Americana, Marsh. WILD PLUM- TREE. 148. pumila, L. DWARF CHERRY. 148. Pennsylvanica, L. WILD RED CHERRY. 148. Virginiana, L. CHOKE CHERRY. 148. serotina, Ehrh. WILD CHERRY.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
Spiræa, L. salicifolia, L. MEADOW-SWEET. 149. tomentosa, L. HARDHACK. 149. Poterium, L., Gray. BURNET.
Canadense, Benth. & Hook. Hadley, Sunderland, Brook- field, etc. 150. Agrimonia, Tourn. AGRIMONY. Eupatoria, L. 151.
Geum, L. AVENS.
album, Gmel. 152. Virginianum, L. 152. strictum, Ait. 152.
rivale, L. WATER AVENS. 152. Waldsteinia, Willd. fragarioides, Tratt. BARREN
STRAWBERRY. 153.
Potentilla, L. CINQUEFOIL.
Norvegica, L. 154.
Canadensis, L. 154.
argentea, L. 154.
arguta, Pursh. 154.
fruticosa, L. 155.
tridentata, Soland. Hoosac Mt .;
Mt. Wachusett. 155.
palustris, Scop. Brattleboro,
Frost. 155. Fragaria, Tourn. STRAWBERRY.
Virginiana, Duchesne. 155.
vesca, L. Mt. Holyoke, etc. 156.
Rubus, Tourn. BRAMBLE.
Dalibarda, L. Greenfield. War- wick, Cobb. (Dalibarda repens, L., Man ) 156
odoratus, L. FLOWERING RASP- BERRY. 156.
triflorus. Richards. 157.
strigosus, Michx. RED RASP- BERRY. I57. occidentalis, L. BLACK RASP- BERRY. 157. villosus, Ait. HIGH BLACKBERRY. 157.
Canadensis, L. LOW BLACKBER- RY. 157. hispidus, L. 158.
Rosa, Tourn. ROSE.
Carolina, L. SWAMP ROSE. 158. lucida, Ehrh. DWARF ROSE. 158. blanda, Ait. Mt. Holyoke. 159. rubiginosa, L. SWEET BRIAR. 159.
Gallica, L. GARDEN ROSE. Roadsides, and fields. Cinnamomea, L. CINNAMON ROSE. Roadsides. Cratægus, L. HAWTHORN. coccinea, L. 160.
tomentosa, L., & var. punctata, Gray. 160. Crus-Galli, L. 160. Pirus, L. PEAR. APPLE. arbutifolia, L. CHOKE BERRY. 161.
Americana, DC. MOUNTAIN ASH. 161. Amelanchier, Medic. JUNE-BERRY. SERVICE . BERRY. SHAD-BUSH. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray & var. oblongiflora, Torr. & Gray. (var. Botryapium, Gray, Man., is merged in the type). 162.
SAXIFRAGACEÆ.
Ribes. L. CURRANT. GOOSEBERRY. Cynosbati, L. Conway, War- wick, etc. 164. oxycanthoides, L. (R. hirtellum, Michx., Man.) 164.
rotundifolium, Michx. West Riv- er Mt., Hitchcock. 164. prostratum, L'Her. SKUNK'S CUR- RANT. 165 floridum, L'Her. BLACK CUR-
RANT. 165. Parnassia, Tourn. GRASS OF PAR- NASSUS. Caroliniana, Michx. 167. Saxifraga, L. SAXIFRAGE.
Virginiensis, Michx. 168. Pennsylvanica, L. 168.
Mitella, Tourn. MITRE-WORT. diphylla, L. BISHOP'S CAP. 170. nuda, L. East Amherst, Jesup. I70. Tiarella, L. FALSE MITRE-WORT. cordifolia, L. 170. Chrysosplenium, Tourn. GOLDEN SAX- IFRAGE. Americanum, Schwein. 171.
CRASSULACEÆ. Penthorum, Gronov. STONE CROP. sedoides, I .. [71. Sedum, Tourn. STONE-CROP.
30
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
reflexum, L. Roadside, Lev- erett, Jesup. Telephium, L. ORPINE. 172. DROSERACEÆ. Drosera, L. SUN-DEW. rotundifolia, L. 82. Angliana, Huds. (D. longifolia, L., Man.) 82. HAMAMELACEÆ.
Hamamelis, L.
Virginina, L. WITCH-HAZEL. 173.
Liquidambar, L Styraciflua, L. SWEET GUM.
Northampton, Eaton. 174.
HALORAGEÆ.
Myriophyllum, Vaill. WATER-MIL- FOIL.
verticillatum, L. 175.
ambiguum, Nutt. Hadley, Jesup. 175. tenellum, Bigel. 175.
Proserpinaca, L. MERMAID WEED. palustris, L. 175. MELASTOMACEÆ.
Rhexia, L. DEER GRASS. Virginica, L. Leverett & Shutes- bury. 181. LYTHRACEÆ.
Ammannia, Houston.
humilis, Michx. Springfield, IV. H. Chapin. 182. Lythrum, L. PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE. Salicaria, L. Roadsides, etc. 183 Nesæa, Commers.
verticillata, H. B. K. Belcher- town & Sunderland. 183. ONAGRACEE.
Circaa, Tourn. ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE.
Lutetiana, L. 176. alpina, L. 176. Epilobium, L. WILLOW-HERB.
spicatum, Lam. (E. angustifoli- Sium, L. um, L., Man.) 177. palustre, I .. , var. lineare, Gray. 177. molle, Torr. 178. coloratum, Muhl. 178.
Œnothera, L EVENING PRIMROSE. biennis, L. TREE-PRIMROSE. 178 fruticosa, L. 179. pumila, L. 179. Ludwigia, L. FALSE LOOSESTRIFE. alternifolia, L. SEED Box. Had- ley. 180.
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