USA > Massachusetts > Hampshire County > Gazetteer of Hampshire County, Mass., 1654-1887 > Part 7
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Coniocybe, Ach. furfuracea, (L.), Ach. 243. pallida (Pers.), Fr. 243.
Endocarpon, Hedw., Fr. miniatum (L.), Schær. & vars. complicatum, Schær. & aquati- cum, Schær. 249. arboreum, Schwein. 250. rufescens, Ach. 250. pusillum, Hedw. 251.
Staurothele, Norm.
umbrina, (Wahl.), Tuckerm. 258. diffractella, (Nyl.), Tuckerm. 258. Trypethelium, Spreng , Nyl. virens, Tuckerm. 260. Sagedia, (Mass.), Koerb. chlorotica, (Ach.), Mass. 265. Cestrensis, Tuckerm. 265. lactea, Koerb. 266. oxyspora, (Nyl.), Tuckerm. 266. Verrucaria, Pers. epigæa, (Pers ), Ach. 268. margacea, Wahl., Nyl. 268. nigrescens, Pers. 268. virens, Nyl. 269. muralis, Ach. · 269. Pyrenula, (Ach.), Naeg. & Hepp. thelæna, (Ach.). Tuckerm. 272. punctiformis, (Ach.), Naeg. 272. gemmata, (Ach.), Naeg. 273. hvalospora, (Nyl.), Tuckerm. 273. leucoplaca, (Wallr.), Koerb. 274. glabrata, (Ach.), Mass. 274. nitida, Ach. 274. lactea, (Mass ), Tuck. 275.
PYRENOMYCETES.
Phacidium, Fr.
Pini, A. & S.
751.
dentatum, Fr. 752. crustaceum, B. & C. coronatum, Fr. 752. Rhytisma, Fr.
salicinum, Fr. 755. acerinum, Fr. 756. punctatum, Fr. 756.
Asteris, Schw. Solidaginis, Schw.
Prini. Fr. Vaccinii, Fr.
Glonium, Mich. stellatum, Mich.
Hysterium, Tode. pulicare, Pers. 757. elongatum, Wahl. 759. Fraxini, Pers. 759. vulvatum, Schw. parvulum, Gerard. insidens, Schw. lineare, Fr. 760.
ilicinum, DeNot. 760. fusiger, B. & C. hiascens, B. & C.
66
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
commune, Fr. 761. maculare, Fr. 762. Pinastri, Schrad. 763. typhinum, Fr. 764. rufescens, Schw. Rubi, Pers. Colpoma, Wallr.
quercinum, Wallr. 765. Labrella, Fr.
Pomi, Mont.
Torrubia, Lev.
militaris, Fr. 770.
ophioglossoides, Tul. 771.
capitata, Fr. 771. Claviceps, Tul. purpurea, Tul: 772.
Hypocrea, Fr.
gelatinosa, Fr. 774.
rufa, Fr. 774.
citrina, Fr. 775.
Richardsonii, B. & Mont.
Lactifluorum, Schw. contorta. Schw.
Hyphomyces, Tul. lateritius, Tul. 779. Nectria, Fr.
cinnabarina, Fr. 781.
coccinea, Fr. 782.
Celastri, Schw.
Cucurbitula, Fr. 782. sinopica. Fr. 782. Peziza, Fr. 784.
sanguinea, Fr. 785.
episphæria, Fr. 785.
Ribis. Tode. Purtoni, Curr. 786. agœothele, B. & C. Xylaria, Fr.
polymorpha, Grev. 789. digitata, Grev. 789. corniformis, Mont. 789. Hypoxylon, Grev. 790.
Rhizomorphia, Reb. subcorticalis, Pers.
Poronia, Fr. punctata, Fr. 791. Ustulina, Tul. vulgaris, Tul. 792. Hypoxylon, Fr.
concentricum, Grev. 794. coccineum, Bull. 794. Morseii, B. & C.
multiforme, Fr. 794.
cohærens, Fr. 795. argillaceum, Fr. 795. atro-purpureum, Fr. 796.
fuscum, Fr. 796. atropunctatum, Schw. rubiginosum, Fr. 796. serpens, Fr. 797. Clypeus, Schw. Nummularia, Tul. Bulliardi, Tul. 798.
Eutypa, Tul. lata, Tul. 799. spinosa, Tul. 799. leioplaca, Fr. 800.
Melogramma, Tul. atrofuscum, B. & C. Quercuum, Schw.
Polystigma, Pers. rubrum, Pers. 803.
Dothidea, Fr. Ulmi, Fr. 804.
betulina, Fr.
805.
Trifolii, Fr.
805.
Pteridis, Fr.
807.
ribesia, Fr. 807.
filicina. Fr. 808.
cnlmicola, Schw. Graminis, Fr. 806.
flabella, B. & C.
Sambuci, Fr.
fructigenæ, Schw. Anemones, Fr.
Diatrype, Fr. quercina, Tul. 810.
verrucæformis, Fr. 811.
Stigma, Fr. 811. disciformis, Fr. 812. Hystrix, Fr. 812. platystoma, Schw.
Strumella, Fr. 814.
undulata, Fr. 814. microplaca, B. & C. discreta, Schw.
Melanconis, Tul. stilbostoma, Tul. 818. elliptica, Peck.
Valsa, Fr.
stellulata, Fr. 821.
nivea, Fr. 822.
leucostoma, Fr.
S22.
Abietis, Fr. 825. ceratophora, Tul. 825. ambiens, Fr. 826.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
salicina, Fr. 827.
quaternata, Fr. 828.
Colliculus, Wormsk. hapalocystis, B. & C. Americana, B. & C.
Alni, Peck. enteroleuca, Fr. 834. Pini, Fr.
constellata, B. & C.
Platani, Schw. centripeta. Fr.
Cucurbitaria, Gray.
elongata, Grev. 840. cupularis, Fr. 842.
Massaria, DeNot. vomitoria, B. & C.
Lophiostoma. DeNot. nucula, Fr. 849.
Sphæria, Hall. aquila, Fr. 853.
Desmazierii, B. & Br. 854.
Brassicæ, Klotszch.
856.
Bombarda, Batsch.
860.
spermoides, Hoffm.
86 1.
moriformis, Tode.
861.
pomiformis, Pers. 862.
collabens, Curr. 864.
pulvis pyrius, Pers. 865.
coprophila, Fr. 866.
pulveracea, Ehr. 868. livida, Fr. 877.
ulmea, Schw. Lespedezæ, Schw.
salicella, Fr. 886.
spiculosa, Pers. 882.
morbosa, Schw.
fusca, Pers. 796. aculeans, Schw.
acuminata, Fr. 899.
complanata, Tode. 903. Coryli, Batsch. 910.
callista, B. & C.
enteromela, Schw.
Saubeneti, Mont.
subconica, C. & P. aculeata, Schw. fuscella, B. & Br. 892. limæformis. B. & C.
mutila, B. & C.
ramulicola, Peck.
lilacina, Schw.
excentrica, C. & P.
Doliolum, Pers. 902.
intercellularis, B. & C. Spraguei, B. & C. Sphærella, DeNot. maculæformis, Fr., var. æqualis. 912. punctiformis, Pers. 914.
myriadea, DC. 915. Pinastri, Duby. 916.
Pter dis, Desm. 919. spleniata, C. & P. errabunda, Desm. Microthyrium, Desm. paradoxum, B. & C. microscopicum, Desm. 927.
Stigmatea, Fr. Robertiani, Fr. 928.
Hypospila, Fr. quercina, Fr. 930. populina, Fr. 930. Dichæna, Fr. faginea, Fr.
Capnodium, Mont. elongatum, B. & Desm. 933. Pini, B. & C.
HELVELLACEÆ.
Morchella, Dill. esculenta, Pers. 655. Gyromitra, Fr. esculenta, Pers. Helvella, L. crispa, Fr. 658. elastica, Bull. 659. lacunosa, Afz. 658. Ephippium, Lev. 659. Mitrula, Fr.
cuculiata, Fr. 660. paludosa, Fr. 66c. Spathularia, Pers. flavida, Pers. 661.
Leotia, Hill lubrica, Pers. 661.
Vibrissea, Fr. Truncorum, Fr. 662.
lutea, Peck. Geoglossum. Pers.
hirsutum, Pers. 663. difforme, Pers. 664. simile, Peck. luteum, Peck. Rhizina, Fr. undulata, Fr. 664.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
Peziza, L.
Acetabulum, L. 665.
macropus, Pers. 666. venosa, Pers. 666. cochleata, Huds. 667. aurantia, Fr. 668. vesiculosa, Bull. 670. violacea, Pers. micropus, Pers. 671.
fascicularis, A. & S. 678.
furfuracea. Fr. 678.
coccinea, Jacq. 679.
hemisphærica, Wigg. 680.
stercorea, Pers. 683.
myceticola, B & C.
virginea, Batsch. 684.
nivea, Fr. 685.
calycina, Schum. 685.
cerina, Pers. 685.
Pini, Frost. citrina, Batsch. (As Helotium citrinum, Fr.) 712.
mollisiæoides, Schw.
aurelia, Pers. 692.
fusca, Pers.
chlora, Fr.
Persoonii, Moug. 698.
cyathoidea, Bull. 699.
episphæria, Mart. 689.
nigrell :, Pers.
sanguinea, Pers. 695.
rubella, Pers.
echinosperma, Peck.
compressa, A. & S. 707. scutellata, L.
flexella, Fr. 707.
Resinæ Fr. 706
atrata, Pers. 704.
schizospora, Phillips.
Tiliæ, Peck. firma, Pers. 697.
humosa, Fr. 676.
succosa, Berk. 667.
cinerea, Batsch.
701.
vinosa. A. & S. 700.
omphalodes, Bull 676.
diversicolor, Fr. vulgaris, Fr. 703. cupularis, L. 673. Helotium. Fr.
æruginosum. Fr. 708. Virgultorum, Fr. 709. aquaticum, Curr. 711.
citrinum, Fr. 712. Schweinitzii. Fr.
lenticulare, Fr. 7[2. Herbarum, Fr. 714.
epiphyllum, Fr. 715. ferrugineum, Schum. 715.
Patellaria, Fr. atrata, Fr. 716. indigotica, Peck. stygia, B. & C. rhabarbarina, Berk. 717.
congregata, Moreau. discolor, Mont. 718.
fusispora, C. & P. applanata, B & C.
Urnula, Fr. Craterium, Fr.
Tympanis, Tode. alnea, Pers. 722. conspersa, Fr. 723. picastra. B. & C.
Cenangium, Fr. triangulare, Fr.
Cerasi, Fr. 724.
Ribis, Fr. 723.
Prunastri, Fr. 724.
populinum, Schw.
Pinastri, Fr.
pithyum, B. & C.
seriatum, Fr. Rubi, Fr. 725.
Ascobolus, Tode. furfuraceus, Pers. 727. glomeratus, Fr. ciliatus. Schm. 731. Trifolii, Bernh. 753.
Bulgaria, Fr. inquinans, Fr. 732. sarcoides, Fr. 733.
Stictis, Pers. radiata, Pers. 734. versicolor. Fr. 736. hystericina, Fr. rufa, B. & C.
TUBERACEÆ.
Penicillium, Link. crustacum, Fr. 601. epigaeum, B. & C. candidum. Link. 602. Elaphomyces, Nees. granulatus, Fr. 750.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
PERISPORIACEE.
Beyond this point the page num- bers refer to Cooke.
Onygena, Pers. equina, Pers. 642. Sphærotheca, Lev. prumosa, C. & P. Castagnei, Lev. 645.
Lasiobotrys, Kunze. Loniceræ, Kze. 644. Phyllactina, Lev. guttata, Lev. 646.
Uncinula, Lev. adunca, Lev. 646. macrospora, Peck. circinata, C. & P. flexuosa, Peck. Ampelopsidis, Peck.
Oidium, Link.
fulvum, Lk. 603.
fructigenum, Schrad. 604. monilioides, Lk., as E. graminis, DC. 651.
Podosphæria, Kunze. Kunzei, Lev. 647. biuncinata, C. & P. Microsphæria, Lev. Friesii, Lev. & var. Castaneæe, C. & P. extensa, C. & P. pulchra, C. & P. diffusa, C. & P. Hedwigii, Lev. 648. Vaccinii, C. & P.
Erysiphe, Hedw. communis, Schl. 652. lamprocarpa, C. & P. Martii, Link. 651. Ceanothi, Schw. Vaccinii, Schw.
Erysiphella, Peck. aggregata, Peck. Chætomium, Kunze. chartarum, Ehb. 653
Eurotium, Link. aspergillus-glaucus, DeBary. 654.
Florideae.
LEMANIACEÆ.
Lemania.
fluviatilis, Ag. Turner's Falls,
Hitchcock.
OOPHYTA.
Coeloblasteae.
PERONOSPOREE.
Peronospora, De By. infestans, Mont. 593.
Cystopus, De Bary. candidus, Lev. 524.
Volvocineae.
Volvox, Fhrb. 1 globator, (L.) Ehrb.
ZYGOPHYTA.
Conjugatae.
MUCORINI.
Ascophora, Tode. Mucedo, Tode. (Mucor stolonifer.) 629. 6*
Mucor, Mich.
phycomyces, Berk. 630.
Mucedo, L. 630.
caninus, Pers. 631.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
flavidus, Pers. inequalis, Peck. capito-ramosus, Schw. Pilobolus, Tode. crystallinus, Tode. 633. roridus, Schum. 633. ZYGNEMACEÆ.
Mesocarpus, Hass. scalaris, Hass.
Zygnemia. insigne, (Hass.), Ktz.
Spirogyra, Link. crassa, Ktz. longata, (Vauch.), Ktz. DIATOMACEÆ.
Navicula. viridis.
Diatoma. vulgare.
DESMIDIACEÆ. Closterium, Nitsch. Lunula, ( Müll), Ehrb. Dianæ, Ehrb. Cosmarium, (Corda). Botrytis, Bory. Meneghenii, Breb. margaritiferum, (Turp.), Mengh. Micrasterias, Ag. Americana, Ehrb. furcata, Ag. Pediastrum, Meyen. biradiatum. ZOOSPOREÆ.
Hydrodictyon, Roth. utriculatum, Roth.
PROTOPHYTA.
PROTOCOCCACEÆ.
Scenodesmus, Meyen.
polymorphus, Wood. quadricauda, (Turp.), Breb. rotundatus, Wood.
Protococcus, Ag.
pluvialis, Ktz. viridis.
PALMELLACEÆ.
Rhaphidium, Ktz. polymorphum, Fresen.
Cyanophycea.
OSCILLATORIACEÆ. Oscillitoria, Basc. limosa, Agardh.
NOSTOCACEA.
Nostoc, Vauch.
comminutum, Ktz.
CHROOCOCCACEÆ.
Chroococcus, Naegeli.
refractus, Wood.
Gleocapsa, Ktz.
sparsa, Wood.
Saccharomyces.
SACCHAROMYCACEÆ.
cereviseæ.
Saccharomyces.
7 E
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
Schizomycetes.
BACTERIACEA.
Spirilluin, Ehrb. volutans, Ehrb. undula, Ehrb. tenue, Ehrb. Spirochaete, Ehrb. Obermeieri, Cohn.
Vibrio, Auct. emend, serpens, Müll. Rugula, Müll.
Bacillus. Cohn. anthracis, Cohn. ulna, Cohn. subtilis, Cohn. tuberculosis, Cohn.
amylobacter, Van Tieghem.
Bacterium, Duj. emend. Termo, Ehrb., Duj. lineola, Coho. xanthium, Schroeter. syncyanum, Schroeter. aeruginosam, Schroeter.
Micrococcus, (Cohn), Hallier. septicus, Cohn. diphtheriticus, Cohn. vaccinæ, Cohn. ureae, Cohn. crepusculum, Cohn. prodigiosus, Cohn.
Myxomycetes.
SLIME-MOULDS.
Arranged according to Rostafinski. Page numbers refer to Cooke.
CALCAREA.
Physarum, Pers.
Schumacheri, Spr. (Diderma citrinum, Fr.) 382.
cinereum,(Batsch), Schw.(Didym- ium cinereum, Fr.) 389.
Berkeleyi, Rtfki. (P. pulcherri- pes, Peck.) sinuosum (Bull) (Angioridium, sinuosum, Grev.) 391. muscicola, Schw. (an uncertain species. ) Craterium, Trent.
Leucocephalum, Pers., Ditm. 394. Tilmadoche, Fr.
nutans, (Pers.) (Physarum nutans, Pers.) 389.
gracilenta, (Fr.) (Didymium fur- furaceum, Fr.) 385.
mutabilis, Rtfki. (Physarum, aureum, Pers.) 389.
Leocarpus, Link.
fragilis (Dicks.) (Diderma ver- nicosum, Pers.) 382. Fuligo, Hall. varians, Sommf. (Aethalium septicun. Fr.) 380.
Didymium, Schr. farinaceum, Schrad. (D. melan- opus, Fr.) 385.
microcarpon, (Fr.) (D. xan- thopus, Fr.) 387.
Chondrioderma, R. spumarioides, (Fr.) (Diderma farinaceum, Peck.)
difforme, (Pers.) (Physarum al- bum, Fr.) 390. globosum, (Pers.) (Diderma glob- bosum, Fr.) 384.
crustacea, (Peck.) (Diderma crustaceum, Peck.)
Diachæa, Fr. leucopoda, (Bull.) (Diachæa ele- gans, Fr.) 395. Spumaria, Pers. alba, (Bull.) 380.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
AMAUROCHETEÆ.
Stemonites, Gled. fusca, Roth. 396. ferruginea, Ehrb. 396. Brefeldia, R. maxima, (Fr.) (Reticularia max- ima, Fr.) 379.
ANEMEÆ.
Tubulina, Pers.
cylindrica. Bull. (Licea cylin- drica, Fr.) 407.
HETERODERMEÆ.
Dictydium, Schrad.
cernuum, (Pers.), Schw. (D. um- bilicatum, Schrad.) 399.
Cribraria, Pers. purpurea, Schrad. microcarpa, (Schrad.) (Dictydium microcarpon. Schrad.) intricata, Schrad. 399
RETICULARIÆ.
Reticularia, Bull.
lycoperdon, Bull. (R. umbrina, Fr.) 379.
CALONENEMEÆ.
Trichia, Hall. fallax, Pers. 404. fragilis, Sow. (T. serotina,
Schrad.) 404. varia, Pers., var. genuina. 406. chrysosperma, Bull. (T. turbi- nata, With.) 405.
Hemiarcyria, R. rubiformis. (Pers ) (Trichia pyri- formis, Hoffm.) 403. clavata, (Pers.) (Trichia clavata, Pers.) 404. serpula, (Scop.) (Trichia serpula, Pers.) 406.
Arcyria, Hill. punicea, Pers. 400. stricta, R. (A. cinerea, Schum.) 401. nutans, (Bull ), Curt. 401
Lachnobolus, Fr. globosus, (Schw.) (Arcyria glo- bosa, Schw.)
Lycogala, Mich.
epidendrum, (Buxb.)
379.
Perichæna, Fr.
corticalis, (Batsch.)
(P. popu-
lina, Fr.) 407.
flavida, Peck. (uncertain species.)
CHAPTER IV.
SOIL FORMATIONS - AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS - MANUFACTURES STATISTICS.
A GENERAL idea of the formation of the soil of the county has been given in our chapter on the geology. Still, the soil and productions differ materially in different parts of the county ; hence, detailed de- scriptions properly belong in connection with the several town sketches, where we have accordingly placed them. A general idea of the county's re- sources in this direction as a whole, however, may be derived from the fol- lowing statistics, shown by the census reports of 1880: The county then had 3, 113 farms, representing an area of 205,802 acres of improved land, valued, including buildings, etc., at $9,214,543.00, while its total debt, bonded
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
and floating, was $1,127,282.00. These farms supported 4,885 horses, four mules, 1, 137 working oxen, 11,930 milch cows, 11, 193 other cattle, 7,290 sheep, and 6,327 swine. The stock products for the year were 35, 123 pounds of wool, 725,548 gallons of milk, 1, 358,495 pounds of butter, and 65.316 pounds of cheese. The products of the farms were 1,983 bushels of barley, 6,338 bushels of buckwheat, 220,232 bushels of Indian corn, 49 263 bushels of oats, 33,584 bushels of rye, 1,756 bushels of wheat, 59 684 tons of hay, 237,668 bushels of potatoes, 2,305,442 pounds of tobacco, and orchard pro- ducts to the value of $54,534.00.
Hampshire, while it is an extensive farming district, is also eminently a manufacturing county. The principal manufacture is cloth and its kindred, elastic fabric, thread, yarn, etc., though wooden ware and lumber in its vari- ous branches ; paper, cigars, brass and iron work, including cutlery ; whips, brooms, straw goods. etc., furnish employment to thousands of hands. As we shall give in each township a sketch of each one of its mannfactories, how- ever, we will dismiss the subject at this point with the following statistics from the census reports of 1880, though many of the totals are doubtless at this time much larger. There were then 333 manufacturing establishments in the county, representing an invested capital of $7, 283,518.00, and giving employ- ment to 8, 112 hands, to whom were paid $2,419,401.00 in wages. The total value of materials used was $6,603,887.00, and the total product $1 1. 786,- 406.00.
CHAPTER V.
ORIGIN OF THE INDIANS-ANTIQUITY OF-ANCIENTS VISIT THIS CONTI- NENT-FATAL EPIDEMIC-ALGONQUINS-NIPMUCKS-ROGER WILLIAMS -INDIAN HABITS-NONOTUCKS-THEIR CLAIMS-INDIAN FORTS NONOTUCKS DEPART.
T HE origin of the North American Indian is a subject which, though it has engrossed the attention of learned men for over two hundred years, must ever remain open to debate, and the question, " By whom was America peopled ?" will doubtless ever remain without a satisfactory
answer. In 1637 Thomas Morton wrote a book to prove that the Indians were of late origin. John Joselyn held, in 1638, that they were of Tartar descent. Cotton Mather inclined to the opinion that they were Scythians. James Adair seems to have been fully convinced that they were decendants of the Israelites, the lost tribes ; and after thirty years' residence among them, published, in 1775, an account of their manners and customs, from which he
74
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
deduced his conclusions. Dr. Mitchell, after considerable investigation, con- cluded that, "the three races, Malays, Tartars, and Scandinavians, con- tributed to make up the great American population, who were the authors of the various works and antiquities found on the continent." De Witt Clinton held that, " the probability is, that America was peopled from various quarters of the old world, and that its predominant race is the Scythian or Tartarian." Calmet, a distinguished author, brings forward the writings of Hornius, son of Theodosius the Great, who affirms that, "at or about the time of the commencement of the Christian era, voyages from Africa and Spain into the Atlantic ocean were both frequent and celebrated," and holds that, "there is strong probability that the Romans and Carthagenians, even 300 B. C., were acquainted with the existence of this country," adding that there are "tokens of the presence of the Greeks, Romans, Persians and Carthagenians in many parts of the continent." The story of Madoc's voyage to America, in 1170, has been reported by every writer upon the subject, and actual traces of Welch colonization are affirmed to have been discovered in the language and customs of a tribe of Indians living on the Missouri. Then the fact is stated that "America was visited by some Norwegians," who had made a settlement in Greenland. in the 10th century. Priest, in his Ameri- can Antiquities, states that his observations had led him "to the conclusion that the two great continents, Asia and America, were peopled by similar races of men." But it is not necessary to enlarge upon this catalogue. Charlevoix and other later writers have entered into elaborate disquisitions on this subject, and the curious reader may find much to interest, if not to instruct him.
Some time anterior to the landing of the Pilgrims, the aboriginal occupants had been visited by a fatal disease, which greatly diminished their numbers ; and there is no certain data for determining how many then dwelt within the limits of Massachusetts, though it is estimated that there were between thirty and forty thousand.
Bancroft tells us that the Algonquin race occupied the whole Atlantic coast, from the gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape Fear. The Indians of the interior were known and called among the tribes upon the sea-shore by the general name of Nipmucks, or fresh-water Indians, and, true to their name, the Nip- mucks usually had their residences upon places of fresh water, the ponds, lakes, and rivers of the interior. The Nipmuck Indians, then, were the aboriginal occupants of the territory under consideration.
The Nipmucks were decidedly nomadic in their habits, seldom remaining long in one place, but wandered back and forth from clearing to clearing, where they would raise a little Indian corn and perhaps a few beans and squashes, and change from one hunting or fishing-ground to another. Thus Roger Williams tells us :-
"From thick, warm valleys where they winter they remove a little nearer to their summer fields. When it is warm spring they remove to their fields,
75
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
where they plant corn. In middle summer, because of the abundance of fleas which the dust of the house breeds, they will fly and remove on a sudden to a fresh place. And sometimes having fields a mile or two or many miles asunder, when the work of one field is over they remove hence to the other. If death call in amongst them, they presently remove to a fresh place. If an enemy approach they remove to a thicket or swamp, unless they have some fort to remove into. Sometimes they remove to a hunting-house in the end of the year and forsake it not until the snow lies thick ; and then will travel home, men, women and children, through the snow thirty, yea, fifty or sixty miles. But their great remove is from their summer fields to warm and thick woody bottoms where they winter. They are quick, in a half-day, yea, sometimes in a few hours' warning, to be gone, and the house is up elsewhere, especially if they have a few stakes ready pitched for their mats. I once in my travels lodged at a house at which in my return I hoped to have lodged again the next night, but the house was gone in that interim, and I was glad to lodge under a tree."
In the chapter on the geology of the county we have spoken of several ox- bows and islands having once been formed in the Connecticut river here. The Nipmucks who occupied this region derived their name from these islands and peninsulas, viz .: Nonotucks, meaning " in the middle of the river." This name, formerly written Noen-tuk, or No-ah-tuk, is still familiar in the vicinity and is borne by a part of Mt. Tom.
The Nonotucks claimed all the country on both sides of the river, from the head of the South Hadley falls to the south side of Mt. We-quomps, now Sugar-Loaf mountain. They had several villages and forts on both sides of the river, and numerous corn-planting fields of from twelve to sixteen acres each. Their principal fort was on a high bank near the mouth of Half-way brook, between Northampton and Hadley. This fort was occupied until the night of the 24th of August, 1675, when Um-pan-cha-la, chief sachem of the Nonotucks, left the land with all his tribe for some far-off western home, no one knows whither. Another fort, containing about an acre inclosed, was occupied by another Nonotuck sachem, called Quon-quont. It stood on the east side of the river, in Hadley, on a ridge between East and West School meadow.
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CHAPTER VI.
FIRST VISIT OF EUROPEANS-FIRST OFFICIAL RECORD-PETITION FOR GRANT OF LAND-PETITION GRANTED-INDIAN PURCHASE-EXTENT OF PURCHASE-FIRST SETTLERS-STATISTICS.
0 N page six we quoted Holland's version of the tradition of the nam- ing of Mt. Tom and Mt. Holyoke. Supposing this version to be authentic, we have then the first visit of Europeans to the territory now included within the limits of Hampshire county. But be this as it may, in 1653 we find the first official intimation of a settlement north of Spring- field, or Agawam, as it was then known, when " Mr. Samuel Cole, of Boston," was granted 400 acres of land at Nonotuck. About the same time the fol- lowing petition was sent in to the general court, asking the privilege of mak- ing a settlement at Nonotuck, viz. :--
" Your highly honored. the General Court of the Massachusetts. The humble petition of John Pynchon, Eleazur Holliock, and Samuel Chapin, Inhabitants of Springfield, sheweth, We hartyly desire the continuance of your peace. And in exercise of your subrich in these parts, In order where unto we humbly tender or desire of that liberty may be granted to erect a plan- tation, About fifteen miles Above us, on this river of Connecticut, if it be the will of the Lord, the place being, as we think, very commodious, -sideratis con Sixondo sor,-the containing Large quantities of excellent land and meadow, and tillable ground sufficient for two long plantations, and work, wch, if it should go on, might, as we conceive, prove greatly Advantagous to your Common Wealth,-to wch purpose there are divers mour Neighboring plantatur that have a desire to remove thither, with your approbation thereof, to the number of twenty-five families, at least, that Already appear, whereof many of them are of considerable quality for Estates and for the matter for a church, when it shall please God to find opportunity that way : it is the hunt- ble desire that by this Hond Corte some power may be established or some course appointed for the regulating, at their Ist proceedings, as concerning whome to admit and other occurrences that to the glory of God may be fur- thered, And your peace and happiness not retarded. And the Inducement to us in these desires is not Any similar respect of our owne, but that we, being Alone, mnay by this means may have som more neighborhood of your jurisdiction. thus, not doubting your acceptance of our desires, wd thus entreat the Lord to sit among you in All your counsels, And remain your most humble servts.
" SPRINGFIELD, the 5th of ye 3d Mo. 1653.
" JOHN PYNCHON, " ELEZER HOLLIOK, " SAM'L CHAPIN."
This petition seems to have been favorably received by the general court, and the prayer thereof granted in the following words :-
" Att a General Court of Election held at Boston the 18 day May, 1653, In answer to the inhabitants of Springfield's petition and others thereabouts,
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this Court doth order, that Mr. John Pinchon, Mr. Holyoke, and some other of the petition's should be appoynted a committee to divide the land peti- tioned for into two plantations and that the petitionrs make choice of one of them, where they shall have liberty to plant themselves ; provided, they shall not appropriate to any planter above one hundred acors of all sorts of land, whereof not above twenty acres to be meddow, till twenty inhabitants have planted there, whereof twelve to be freemen, or more, which said freemen shall have power to distribute the land and give out proportions of land to the severall inhabitants as in other townes of this jurisdiction, and that the land be divided according to estates or eminent qualifications, and that Samuel Chapin be joined with Mr. Pynchon and Mr. Holyoke for the divid- ing of the towns."
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