USA > Massachusetts > Hampshire County > Gazetteer of Hampshire County, Mass., 1654-1887 > Part 8
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In pursuance of this order the commissioners appointed thereby performed the duty therein enjoined, and returned to the general court the following report, to wit :----
" Nov. 1, 1654.
"To the honored Generall Court of the Massachusetts. Wee whose names are underwritten, being appointed to divide the lands at Naotucke into two plantations, wee accordingly have granted to them that now first appeared to remove thither to plant themselves on the west side of the River Connec- ticott, as they desired, and have laid out their bounds, viz. : from the little meadowe above theire plantation, which meadowe is called Capawonk or Mat- taomett, doune to the head of the falls which are belowe them, reserving the land on the east side of the said river for another plantation when God, by his providence shall so dispose thereof. and still remain
" your humble servants, " JOHN PINCHON, " ELIZER HOLYOKE. " SAMUEL CHAPIN."
The land purchased of the Indians embraced the four Hamptons and parts of Hatfield and Montgomery. It comprised one hundred square miles, or 64,000 acres, extending from the south part of Hatfield to South Hadley Falls, and cost about $200.00 in wampum. On the 29th of October, 1654, the settlement of the new territory was begun .* The names of the original settlers were as follows : Thomas Judd, John King, Joseph Parsons, Thomas Bascom, Isaac Shelden, John Strong, Thomas Ford, Edward El- more, Aaron Cook, John Hillyer, William Hulburt, Thomas Woodford, Sam- uel Wright, Robert Bartlett, John Lyman, James Bridgman, Thomas Root, Alexander Edwards, William Miller, David Burt, Samuel Allen, William Han- num, Nathaniel Phelps and John Stebbins. All of these located in what is now the City of Northampton.
From this small beginning the settlement spread and has increased until we have the populous, wealthy, learned county of to-day. Details of these early settlements, the erection and growth of each one of the county's town- ships, and the names of their present residents may be found in the future
*There is a tradition that an English family located in Northampton in 1652, remaining during the winter.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
pages of this work. The comparative growth of the territory now included with the county since 1776, however, may be seen by the following figures. According to the colonial census of 1776, the territory had a population of 12,154 souls. The first government census was taken in 1790, when the population here had increased to 18,823, and for each decade since, the re- turns have shown, for 1800, 22,885 ; 1810, 24,553 ; 1820, 26,487; 1830, 30,254 ; 1840, 30,897 ; 1850, 35,732; 1860, 37,823 ; 1870, 44,388; 1880, 47,236.
CHAPTER VII.
ARRANGEMENT OF CIVIL MACHINERY-FIRST COMMITTEE'S REPORT- NORTHAMPTON MADE SHIRE TOWN-PROVINCIAL COURTS-COMMON- WEALTH COURTS-COURT HOUSES-JAILS-CIVIL LIST.
T HE first official announcement of the proper county arrangement for the dispensation of the law in Hampshire county, is the report of the committee appointed by the several towns "to order and settle ye affaires of ye county," consisting of Capt. John Pynchon, Henry Clarke, Capt. Aaron Cooke, Lieut. David Milton and Elizur Holyoke. On April 2, 1663, this committee reported that they had-
"Agreed and determined at ye Beginning of ye yeare for ye Shire meetings of this County shal be on ye first day of March yearely ; And that ye Shire meetings shall be each other yeare at Springfield, and each other yeare at Northampton, in a constant course. And all our Shire meetings this yeare to be at Northampton; Springfield having had them last yeare. Also they agreed that ye commissioner chosen in March yearely by ye Shire commis- sioner to carry ye votes for Nomination of Magistrates to Boston, shall have allowed him by the County thirty shillings, to be paid by the County Treas- urer ; the rest of his charges he is to beare himself; and that noe one man be thereby overburtherned, It is determined that there be a change yearely of ye person to carry the votes, except for necessity or convenience they shall see cause to act otherwise."
Previous to this a county court had been established in each county, to be held by the magistrates living in it, or any other magistrates that could attend the same, or by such magistrates as the general court should appoint from time to time, "together with such persons of worth, where there shall be need as shall from time to time be appointed by the General Court." This court had power to hear and determine all causes, civil and criminal, not extending to life, member, or banishment, or to cases of divorce. Probate matters were also within its jurisdiction. The first session held at Northampton, or within
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
the present limits of the county, was under this old dispensation, March 26, 1661.
The judicial system of the province at the time the settlement of the county was commenced, and thence down to the period of the Revolution, comprised a superior court of judicature with original and appellate jurisdiction through- out the province, corresponding in a great degree to the present superior judicial court, and holding its sessions in the several counties ; a court called the superior court of common pleas, for each county, consisting of four justices, of whom three were necessary to form a quorum, which had " cog- nizance of all civil actions, * * triable at the common law, of what nature, kind or quality, soever ; " and a court of sessions in each county, comprising all of its justices of the peace, which had a limited criminal jurisdiction, and managed the prudential affairs of the county. Jus- tices of the peace had a separate jurisdiction in minor matters, both criminal and civil, and from their judgment there was a right of appeal to the com- mon pleas and court of sessions. There was also a probate court, having jurisdiction as at the present time. The superior court never held any ses- sion in Berkshire, but all its causes arising in this county were heard at the term held in the county of Hampshire. Judicial business was thus equalized, though the courts with which the inhabitants of the county were most familiar were those presided over by the local magistrates. All of the judicial officers were appointed by, and held their offices at, the pleasure of the crown, or its representative, the governor of the province, with the consent of the council.
The courts of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts were established by act of July 3, 1782. These were the supreme judicial court, the court of com- mon pleas, and court of general sessions of the peace.
The judges of the supreme judicial court, by that act, were to "hold their offices as long as they behave themselves well," and to have honorable sala- ries, ascertained and established by standing laws. This court was to consist of one chief and four other justices, any three of whom constituted a lawful tribunal. It was given jurisdiction in civil and criminal causes and in vari- ous other matters, and was constituted the "supreme court of probate," with appellate jurisdiction in nearly all probate matters.
A court of common pleas, established by the same act for each county, was similar to the provincial court of that name, and was superceded by the cir- cuit court of common pleas, by act of June 21, 1811; which act divided the state into six circuits, exclusive of Dukes and Nantucket counties. This court was abolished in 1821, and a court of common pleas throughout the state established, consisting of four judges, one judge empowered to hold a court. The powers and duties of the latter court were substantially those of the circuit courts.
The court of general sessions of the peace, established by the act of 1782 for each county, was held by the justices of the peace therein, and determined
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
matters relating to the conservation of the peace and the punishment of offenses cognizable by them at common law. After several changes and modifications its powers and duties were transferred to the circuit court of common pleas. The latter was finally abolished in 1859.
By the constitution of Massachusetts, " judges of probate of wills, and for granting letters of administration," hold their offices during good behavior, and are appointed and commissioned by the governor. By the act of March 12, 1784, probate courts were established, and their powers and duties pre- scribed.
When the provincial courts were established, in 1792, the court of probate was separated from the others-at least in Hampshire county. From that time until June, 1858, the officers of this court were a judge of probate and a register of probate. At the latter date the court of insolvency was placed under the jurisdiction of these officers, who have since been denominated, respectively, "judge of probate and insolvency," and "register of probate and insolvency."
The court of insolvency was established in 1856, superseding the commis- sioners of insolvency, who had previously the charge of insolvent matters. Horace I. Hodges was appointed judge of insolvency in June of the year named, and R. B. Hubbard, register. The latter served until January, 1857, and was succeeded by Luke Lyman, who was chosen in the fall of 1856, the office having been made elective. The duties of these officers ceased when the courts were united as above named in 1858.
A board of county commissioners was established by act of the general court, February 26, 1828. The powers and duties of the court of sessions and of commissioners of highways were transferred to the board of commis- sioners. The board consists of three members, one of whom is chosen annu- ally for a term of three years. Two special commissioners are elected, each at the same time, for a term of three years.
The commissioners have the care of county property, and are empowered, among other things, to estimate and apportion county taxes, erect and repair county buildings, lay out highways, license ferries and inn-holders, appoint overseers of the house of correction, and establish rules for its government.
The special commissioners are called to act in cases of vacancy in the board, or where the commissioners are interested parties.
Five court houses have been erected in Northampton. The first one, a building erected in 1655, stood near the intersection of Main and King streets. The second, built probably in 1738-39, stood "near the east end of the green, fronting Shop Row." This did service until 1813, when a third was erected upon the site of the present. This was destroyed by fire in November, 1822. It was re built soon after, and the building, with several modifications, did service until taken down during the past summer to make room for the fine structure now being built.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
The first jail or "prison " at Northampton stood near the present city hall, and was erected in 1704. It was twenty-four by sixteen feet in size, and had a small dwelling at one end for the keeper.
The second jail was built in 1800-01. It was principally a stone structure, located on Pleasant street, and cost $ 11,458.39.
The present jail and house of correction was ordered built in September, 1850, and was finished in 1852. It is of brick, consists of a central edifice, four stories or sixty-six feet in height, with basement and attic, and with ground dimensions forty-six by sixty-one feet ; and two wings, each with a frontage of sixty-five feet and a width of forty-five; and fifty feet in height. The jail wing contains two departments-one for males and one for females -that for males containing twelve cells, eight by ten feet in size, and ten feet high, while that for females has twenty-two cells, four by ten feet, and ten feet high. The other wing is the "house of correction," and has fifty-four cells corresponding in size to the cells for females in the jail wing. These are all for males. The cell floors are of brick. The building contains also the keeper's residence, chapel, poor debtor's room, hospital and bathing-room. In the rear of the main building is a workshop, thirty by sixty feet, and two stories in height.
JUDICIARY AND CIVIL LIST.
Since the period of the Revolution the following citizens of the county have held positions on the bench of the superior court of judicature and supreme judicial court :-
Justices.
Simeon Strong, Amherst 1801-05
Charles A. Dewey,* Northampton 1837-66
Charles E. Forbes, f Northampton 1848-
William Allen, Northampton
1872-
Court of Common Pleas.
Solomon Strong. Amherst 1820-42
Samuel Howe, Northampton . 1820-28
Charles E. Forbes, Northampton 1847-48
State Senators.
Levi Stockbridge, Hadley. 1865-66
Edmund H. Sawyer, Easthampton . 1867-68
*Mr. Dewey was a native of Northampton, but was appointed from Worcester.
+ Resigned the same year.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
Edward A. Thomas, Prescott.
1869
Stephen M. Crosby, Williamsburg 1870
Rufus D. Woods, Enfield . 1872-73
Francis Edson, Hadley . 1874
William M. Gaylord, Northampton 1876
Lewis N. Gilbert, Ware 1877-78
John L. Otis, Northampton . 1879-80
Samuel M. Cook, Granby 1881-82
Alvan Barrus, Goshen . .
1883-84
Myron P. Walker, Belchertown 1 885-86.
Charles N. Clark, Northampton. 1887-
County Treasurers.
John Pynchon
. 1660-81 Jonathan H. Butler 1846-49.
Peter Tilton .1682-88 Charles DeLano
1850-58
John Pynchon . 1689 --
Henry S. Gere. 1859-76
William Pynchon 1798-1808
Watson L. Smith
1877-79
Edward Pynchon 1808-12
Lewis Warner ..
1880-
Daniel Stebbins 1812-45
Sheriffs
Elisha Porter.
1781-96 Samuel L. Hinckley 1844-51
Ebenezer Mattoon
1796-1811 Alfred L. Strong . .
1851-53
Thomas Shepard. 1811-12
Henry A. Longley 1855-83
Ebenezer Mattoon
1812-16 Jairus E. Clark .
1883-
Joseph Lýman 1816-44
Judges of Probate.
John Pynchon 1692-1703| Jonathan Leavitt 1809-10
Samuel Partridge 1703-29
Joseph Lyman . 1810-16
John Stoddard 1729-48
Samuel Hinckley 1816-34
Timothy Dwight 1748-64
Ithamar Conkey . 1834-58
Isaac Williams
1764-74
Samuel F. Lyman .
1858-73
Samuel Mather . . 1776-79
Samuel T. Spaulding. 1873-79
Samuel Henshaw
1797-1809
William G. Bassett. 1879-
Registers of Probate.
Samuel Partridge. 1692-1703 | John C. Williams. . 1776-87
John Pynchon 1703-29
Samuel Hinckley 1787-1816
Timothy Dwight 1729-48
Samuel F. Lyman 1827-55
Timothy Dwight, Jr. . 1748-64
Luke Lyman. 1859-83
Solomon Stoddard. 1764-69
Hubbard M. Abbott 1883-
Israel Williams, Jr 1769-74
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
Clerks of Courts.
Elizur Holyoke 1660-76 | Joseph Dwight 1810-11
Samuel Partridge 1676-78 |John Taylor .. 1811-12
John Holyoke. 1678-93 Josiah Dwight. 1812-21
John Pynchon. 1693-1735
Solomon Stoddard. 1821-37
Israel Williams 1735-58
Samuel Wells.
1837-65
William Williams 1758-78
Robert Breck 1778-98
Joseph Lyman 1798-1810
William H. Clapp. 1882-
Registers of Deeds.
Ebenezer Hunt. 1787-96 Charles Hooker 1830-33
Levi Lyman
1796-1811 C. P. Huntington
1833-33
Solomon Stoddard
1811-21 Giles C. Kellogg.
1833-46
Levi Lyman 1821-30 Henry P. Billings 1871-
Trial Justices .*
.
Horace I. Hodges
1858 Seth Warner. 1865
James W. Boyden . 1858 R. Ogden Dwight. 1868
William S. Brockenbridge 1858
C. Edgar Smith. 1869
Elisha H. Brewster
1858
William G. Bassett .
1869
Epaphras Clark. 1858
Alfred M. Copeland. 1869
Elijah N. Woods. 1858
Francis H. Dawes. 1870
Franklin Dickinson 1858
Garry Munson 1872
Albion P. Howe . 1859
Edward A. Thomas 1874
Abion P. Peck 1860
Haynes H. Chilson. 1875
Francis De Witt. 1860
Nathan Morse 1876
Franklin D. Richards 1863
Lafayette Clark 1877
Samuel Wells 1863
Enos Parsons 1880
Charles Richards 1864
Hiram Smith, Jr.
I864
John J. Reardon 188t Edwin R. Bridgman 1882
Oliver Pease. 1865
Alburn J. Fargo. 1882
William P. Strickland 1865
County Commissioners.
Charles P. Phelps 1828-34 Osmyn Baker. 1834-37
Levi Lyman
1829-30 Elisha Strong. 1835-40
Alvan Rice
1829-33 Joseph Cummings 1835-52
Ithamar Conkey
1830-34 : Chauncey B. Rising. 1838-40
* The jurisdiction of the trial justices of Hampshire county was terminated by act of legislature approved May 16, 1882, which formed the towns of Hampshire county into a district court, of which William P. Stickland, of Northampton, was appointed justice, A. J. Fargo, of Easthampton, and R. W. Lyman, of Belchertown, special justices, and Haynes H. Chilson, of Northampton, clerk.
William P. Strickland. .1865-82
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
Roswell Hubbard
1838-
Elkanah Ring, Jr 1856-58
Israel Billings
1841-43
Daniel B Gillett
1859-61
Timothy A. Phelps.
1841-43
Enoch H. Lyman. 1860-66
Mark Doolittle
1844-46
Joel Hayden . 1844-52
William Bowdoin 1847-48
Benjamin Barrett 1847-48
Justin Thayer . 1869-74
Haynes H. Chilson 1850-52
Samuel Mills Cook. 1871-75
Horace 1. Hodges
1853 -- 54
Elisha H. Brewster
1853-65
John Warner
1853
William P. Dickinson
1855-59
Special County Commissioners.
Ithamar Conkey. .1828-29 Elkanah Ring, Jr 1850-52
Oliver Smith 1830-34
Adolphus Strong 1853-56
Elisha Strong
1830-34 Otis G. Hill. 1853-56
Dyar Bancroft.
1835
Charles Adams .
1857-62
Ephraim Smith
1835-40
Justin Thayer . . 1857-68
Benjamin White. 1835-40
Lorenzo S. Nash 1863-68
William Clark, Jr 1841-43
Elnathan Graves 1869-74
James H. Clapp 1841-43
Austin Eastman. 1869-73
Joseph Smith 1844-48
Samuel L. Parsons
1874-83
Luther Edwards.
1844-49
Charles E. Blood 1874-
John A. Morton
1849
Silas G. Hubbard 1883-86
George Allen
1850-52
Charles K. Brewster; 1887-
* Term expires 1888.
+ Term expires 1889.
# Term expires 1889.
William C. Eaton. 1862-67
P. Smith Williams. 1867-69
Elisha A. Edwards 1868
Elnathan Graves. 1875-86
Flavel Gaylord . 1879-87
Emory C. Davist 1887-
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
CHAPTER VIII.
FIRST NEWSPAPER-ITS ORIGIN-STILL IN EXISTENCE-NEWSPAPERS OF NORTHAMPTON-OF AMHERST-OF EASTHAMPTON-OF HUNTINGTON -- OF WARE-OF BELCHERTOWN.
T HE year 1786 marked an important era in the history of the territory now included within the limits of the county. In the early autumn of that year the first newspaper made its appearance, at Northampton- a mark of enterprise and progress in any community. There was then no paper published nearer than Springfield, Hartford and Worcester. The troubled times of the Shays Rebellion period were at their zenith in this vicin- ity then, and to afford a vehicle for reaching the reason of the people, was doubtless a weighty object in starting the sheet. William Butler was the founder of the paper, and the first number appeared on the 6th of September. THE HAMPSHIRE GAZETTE,* which, to this very day, covering a prosperous life of over one hundred years, continues to be a welcome weekly visitor and a valued friend to morality and progress.
William Butler was then a young man of twenty-two years, and a practical printer. He had served an apprenticeship at the printing business with Hud- son & Goodwin, printers and publishers of Hartford. He came here in the summer of 1786, and at the time he issued his first number had no office of his own, but had planned to erect a building, and while it was being built he set up his printing office in the rear part of Benjamin Prescott's house, on the corner of Main and Pleasant streets, where the Kirkland block now stands.
The first copies say, " Printed by William Butler, a few rods east of the court-house." Soon afterward his building was completed. It stood on the northeasterly side of Pleasant street, was two stories in height, twenty feet front, and twenty-one feet deep, and is now the northwesterly part of the store of G. L. Loomis & Co. The printing office was in the second story, and Daniel Butler, brother of the printer, had a variety store below.
Mr. Butler sold the paper July 1, 1815, and William W. Clapp was his suc- cessor. Mr. Clapp changed the name of the paper, making it the Hamp- shire Gazette and Publick Advertiser, and also changed its general style and make-up, but not to the satisfaction of his patrons generally. At any rate, in December of the following year (1816) he advertised the establishment for
* In this chapter the names of all live papers are printed in SMALL CAPITALS, extinct pa- pers in italics.
7*
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
sale, and January 1, 1817, it was bought by a young law firm, consisting of Isaac C. Bates and Hophni Judd. As neither of these were practical print- ers, they took into partnership with them, in the following June, Thomas Watson Shepard, who was a printer and had a job office here. From that time until April 10, 1822, the paper was published under the firm name of Thomas W. Shepard & Co., when it passed into the hands of Sylvester Judd, Jr., brother of Hophni.
Mr. Judd retained the paper until January 1, 1835. Under his manage- ment the paper rapidly inceased in value and circulation. But Mr. Judd's writings and his valuable historical labors are too well known in Hampshire county to require recapitulation at this point.
Charles P. Huntington and William A. Hawley secceeded Mr. Judd. The former was a young lawyer, and the latter just out of his seven years' appren- ticeship in the printing office of J. S. & C. Adams, of Amherst. Mr. Hun- tington was connected with the paper only about five months, when, June 3, 1835, he sold his interest to Mr. Hawley, who continued its editor and pub- lisher until March, 1853, when he sold out to Hopkins, Bridgman & Co., booksellers and publishers at the old Butler book store on Shop Row.
When the latter firm took the paper, they employed James R. Trumbull as editor, who had served a four years' apprenticeship in the Gazette office under Mr. Hawley. Mr. Trumbull edited the paper until January 1, 1858, when Thomas Hale, of Windsor, Vt., bought a half-interest in it, and be- came the editor. He remained in that position until October 1, 1858, when the entire establishment was sold to Mr. Trumbull, and on November I. fol- lowing, the Gazette and the Northampton Courier were united, under the ownership and editorship of Mr. Trumbull and Henry S. Gere. This co- partnership continued until January 1, 1877, when Mr. Trumbull, through failing health, sold out to Mr. Gere, who is still the venerable old Gazette's editor and publisher.
Twice, for short periods, the GAZETTE has been issued daily. In 1846, while the interest in the Mexican war was at its height, Mr. Hawley issued a daily from May 27th to July 30th; and in 1861, from April 26th to May 25th, when the excitement over the war of the Rebellion was most intense, a daily was printed by Trumbull & Gere.
The GAZETTE is now published every Tuesday afternoon, and has a circula- tion of about 3,400.
The Patriotic Gazette was the second paper started in Northampton. It was established by Andrew Wright. April 12, 1799, and died in about a year.
The Republican Spy, established at Springfield in 1803, was removed to Northampton in 1804, by its publisher, Thomas Ashley. On the 14th of December, 1808, its name was changed to the Anti-Monarchist and Repub- lican Watchman, and subsequently, March 12, 1811, to The Democrat. It was discontinued about the year 1815, or soon after the close of the war of 1812.
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HAMPSHIRE COUNTY.
The Hive, by T. M. Pomeroy, was established at Northampton in August, 1803. It was semi-literary in cast, and Federal in politics, at least until De- cember 25, 1804, when it became exclusively a political journal. It was dis- continued the following year, 1805.
The Oracle, Northampton's seventh paper, was established by Hiram Ferry, in 1823, It was a religious weekly, and took a decided stand on the side of total abstinence. It was continued only about three years.
The Christian Freeman was the next venture here, by Jonathan A. Saxton, who brought it from Greenfield. It was devoted to politics and Unitarian- ism, and had a brief existence.
The Northampton Courier first appeared in 1829, a Whig newspaper, estab lished by Winthrop Atwill. April 8, 1840, Mr. Atwill sold out to Thomas W. Shepard, and on the 22d of the same month Mr. Shepard took into part- nership Josiah W. Smith, who, on the 17th of June, became sole proprietor. On the 24th of April, 1847, Mr. Smith sold the establishment to Rev. Will- iam Tyler, a Congregational clergyman. In the following year he changed its politics to the free-soil side. In 1849, May Ist, Rev. Mr. Tyler sold to Henry S. Gere, who continued the paper until November 1, 1858, when he united it with the HAMPSHIRE GAZETTE, as we have previously stated.
The Hampshire Republican appears next in the list of Northampton news- papers. It was established by Chauncey Clark, and first appeared February 18, 1835. In 1836 he was succeeded by Oliver Warner, and he in turn by Lewis Ferry, in 1837. About this time its name was changed to the North- ampton Democrat. From this time forward the changes in its proprietorship and management were rapid, and finally, July 1, 1847, its subscription list was purchased by the Springfield Post, and it was issued with its old head from that establishment until the discontinuance of the latter, in 1854.
The Temperance Banner, a temperance bi-monthly, was established here by Timothy H. Mather, February 21, 1835, and was continued by him until October, 1836.
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