USA > Massachusetts > Barnstable County > History of Barnstable County, Massachusetts, 1620-1890 > Part 84
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Along the roads then in use was a scattered population-mostly in the north and east parts. The names of the settlers who, in the division from the mother town, must lay the foundation of a town that should reach its present importance, were: At Tonset, Dea. Abner Freeman, his brother John Freeman and Jonathan, son of Abner; Josiah and Joseph Crosby, and Josiah Crosby, jr .; John, Jesse, Joseph, Ephraim and Abiel Cole; Freeman, Abishai, Simeon, Moses and Seth Higgins; Freeman Hayden; Moses, Stephen, Zenas, Edmund, Jonathan, Aaron, Micajah and Elnathan Snow; James, Thomas, Josiah and Prince Rogers; Benjamin, Isaac, Josiah, Elkanah, Edmund and Thomas Linnell; Timothy and Azariah Doane; Barnabas, Jonathan and Dea. Prince Twining; Theophilus Mayo; Elkanah, Curtis and Joshua Hop- kins; Elisha, Jedediah and Nathaniel Young; Isaac, David, Josiah and Thomas Snow; Isaac and Josiah Sparrow; John, David and Benjamin Taylor; Rev. Jonathan Bascom and Joseph Seabury.
In the central part were: Micah Sherman, Asa, Sylvanus, Eliakim, Elnathan, Hezekiah, Daniel, Thomas, Lot, Samuel and Hatsel Higgins; Jabez, Solomon and Seth Sparrow; Zenas Doane, Arvin Kenrick,
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TOWN OF ORLEANS.
Oliver Arey, Edward Jarvis, Jonathan Hopkins, Jesse Kenney, Thomas, Simeon and Abner Mayo; Samuel and Jonathan Rogers.
At Potanumaquut, or South Orleans were: Jonathan Kenrick, grandfather of John; Jonathan, father of Alfred Kenrick; Hezekiah Rogers, Dea. Judah Rogers, Richard and Joshua Rogers, sr .; Seth Sparrow, 3d; John Gould, Thomas Robbins, Jedediah Young, Joseph and John Hurd, Uriah Mayo and Joshua Mayo, Joshua Gould, John Sparrow, Seth Sparrow, 2d; Joseph L. Rogers, Reuben Eldredge, Heman Mayo, Judah and James Higgins.
At Skaket were: Josiah and Thomas Freeman, Simeon and Mat- thew Kingman; Gideon and Heman Snow, John Young, William and Zoeth Smith; Seth, Nathaniel and Major H. Knowles; Simeon Pepper, Yates Nickerson, John Jarvis and John Myrick.
At Rock harbor were: Ralph, Elisha, Lewis and Seth Smith; Heman and Prince Snow, John Knowles, Jonathan Bascom, Nathaniel Nickerson, Absalom and Ralph Higgins; Jonathan, Jonathan F., David and Moses Young; John Harding, and Seth and James Hurd.
These settlers resided in unpretending dwellings, and their num- ber was rapidly increased. Three years later the town had 142 dwel- lings, of which only five were more than one story high. No villages were scattered throughout the town as now, and one post office sufficed.
In 1797 a pound was erected on land north of Simeon Higgins. That institution, in some form or place, has since been maintained, now being near the town poor house. The poor house was built in 1831, on Pochet neck, east of Town cove. In 1873 a new one was erec- ted back of the Methodist church. To the credit of the town this has been leased as a tenement house for the past three years.
In 1814 a landing place, from the common lands of the proprietors, was located at Rock harbor, and a road connecting it with the village was laid out. At that time the packet lines to Boston started from that side, and for many years the shipping business of the town was centered there. In 1833 the improvement of Rock harbor was attempted. A dam was built across the creek to retain the water, which, it was thought, would deepen the channel by allowing the water to escape at low tide, but after an expenditure of two thous- and dollars the project was abandoned.
In 1819 the town contained 289 families, mostly located on the neck adjoining the bay, on the county road, and along the road east of the cove to and including Tonset. The growing population did not escape the epidemic that prevailed in Eastham in 1816, and many died, but the energy of the people and their readiness to combine in assisting those who were in need gave the town an unwonted impetus in its prosperity. In 1820 the population was 1,348. At this time the re-
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HISTORY OF BARNSTABLE COUNTY.
maining lands of the Potanumaquuts were sold, and the town received its share of the proceeds. Improvements were undertaken, one of which was the joining with Chatham in digging a channel through the back side of the beach, below Strong island, to benefit the salt meadows, but the labor was lost.
The portion of the surplus revenue received by the town was loaned to individuals for two years on good security, but at the end of that time became a matter of dispute and disagreement. The town used a portion for town expenses, and in 1837 erected their first town house with the other portion. It stood opposite the Universalist church, on land now occupied by the cemetery. This was replaced by a better one in 1873. That year the selectmen, with Jonathan Higgins and Joseph H. Cummings as a building committee, with full powers to select a site and erect the house-all not to exceed five thousand dollars-erected it opposite the soldiers' monument, west of the old one. It was dedicated December 25, 1873, and is a fine building. It is centrally located, with a commanding view.
In 1826 strong measures were taken to suppress the sale and use of spirituous liquors, the selectmen being authorized to refuse all applications for the privilege of its sale, and this has been the course of the town since.
Among the enterprises and industries worthy of mention were the tide mills, of which only relics remain. The piles driven in the con- struction of the water mill, near Oliver Doane's, are still visible. It was anciently owned by Timothy Cole, but when that or any of them were erected no tradition can tell. The others were in the southwest part of the town -- one at Weesquamscut or Arey's pond, built by the ancestors of Captain Arey; and the other at Kesscayogansett or Spar- row's pond, built, as was supposed, by that ancient family whose name the pond bears. Some doubt has been expressed that the latter ex- isted; but the site is shown, and parts of the mill stones are in use as a door stone to the residence of Albert Bassett, and in the wall of Freeman Sparrow's fence, near by. These mills were constructed at an early day, for grinding corn. A narrow neck at the mouth of a pond, into which the tide was forced, was the proper place for these mills. Across this neck a dam was constructed, and the rise of water by the tide was confined, to be let out gradually against a wheel that gave the power for grinding.
The town has had within the century past five wind mills, three of which still do work. That on Mill hill, near the cemetery, was moved from Chatham in 1830 to South Orleans, and in 1870 was moved to its present site-where an old one, 125 years old, was torn down. James H. Arey moved, owns and runs it. Many years ago another, owned by Theophilus Mayo, stood east of this on the same hill, having been
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moved from Skaket, and which is claimed as the first in the town. The mill near D. L. Young's store belongs to Jonathan Young, Wil- liam F. Mayo, Joseph K. Gould and Francis and David L. Young. This was moved from the hill at South Orlerns, in 1839, to its present site, where it is doing good service. Isaac Sparrow owned the wind mill now owned by Richard S. Freeman and Captain Joseph Taylor, near Lot Higgins' store. It was built soon after 1800, by Daniel John- son, to grind salt. and is still serviceable.
Ship-building has not been an industry of the town, except as a schooner of seventy tons was built prior to 1800, at Sparrow's pond in the south part of the town, by Reuben Cole. The timber was cut near by, and the vessel was floated by hogsheads to the deeper water after completion.
The fishing business, in its various departments, has been largely carried on; the town having, in 1837, thirty-three vessels, which em- ployed 264 men. but, as in other towns, it now has little interest. The packet business. of which Edward Jarvis was a pioneer, was exten- sively carried on between Orleans and Boston; but this business was long ago superseded by other means of transportation.
CHURCHES .- In 1718 it was decided to erect the second meeting house and organize the South parish of Eastham, which is now Or- leans, and this is the oldest religious society within its bounds. Sam- uel Osborn had been called to the pastorate of the Central parish church; but when the new church was completed, he removed to the South parish, and remained until 1738, when he was dismissed. He was succeeded, in 1739, by Rev. Joseph Crocker, who remained until his death, in 1772. Rev. Jonathan Bascom then became pastor, and served until his death, in 1807. Rev. Daniel Johnson, of Bridgewater, foliowed, and was dismissed in 1828. The church was supplied by Messrs. Turner, Scovel, Bartley and Boyter until 1835, when Rev. Stillman Pratt was ordained, and continued his labors to April, 1839. Rev. Jacob White commenced his labors in 1841, and continued as stated supply until 1860. The pulpit was supplied by Messrs. Dickin- son, White and Tarleton until 1865, when Rev. J. E. M. Wright com- menced his labors. He was succeeded, after a few years, by Rev. Charles E. Harwood, who remained ten years. George W. Andrews and H. M. Holmes filled the desk until 1887, when Thomas Bickford was called. After two years Thomas H. Vincent, the present pastor, was settled.
In 1804 the meeting house, the only one then in Orleans, was re- placed by a larger and better one. The expense of this was more than paid by the sale of pews. This edifice was torn down in 1829 and another erected. Many changes had been made in forms of re- ligious worship. The town purchased a bass viol for the church in
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HISTORY OF BARNSTABLE COUNTY.
1810, and thirty pounds a year had been paid since 1805 for a singing master to educate the youth. In 1888, a still larger and better edifice being needed, the present one, on the same site, was erected, and dedicated December 30th of the same year.
The Universalist Society was incorporated in 1834. In 1833 dis- senters from the old church erected a meeting house for worship. Services had been occasionally held prior to that date. The Rev. Ezekiel Vose, the first regular preacher was ordained in 1834, and was succeeded in 1840 by Rev. James G. Burt, who remained until 1843, when Rev. Stillman Barden was settled. He remained until October, 1851, when R. K. Brush filled the pulpit until September, 1853. The same fall Rev. Earl Guilford took the pastorate for two years, succeeded by J. P. Atkinson until 1860. J. H. Campbell fol- lowed and remained until the fall of 1863. G. F. Jenks was pastor until 1866, then Edwin White for two years. Mr. Jenks and others followed as supplies, and in 1869 Mr. Willis came. George F. Jenks was recalled in 1871 and was pastor three years, followed by R. S. Pope, 1874-75; W. C. Stiles, 1876-1878; G. W. Jenkins, 1878-1882; J. L. Seabarin, 1883; G. V. Wilson, 1884-1886: Donald Fraser, 1887 to -.
A Reformed Methodist Society was organized and a meeting house erected in 1820. Prior to this date occasional services were enjoyed, several ministers furnished preaching for ten years, but the society declined and the house was closed.
The Methodist Episcopal church was erected in 1837 from the building of the former society, now standing across the street from the Snow Library. The society had been organized the previous year from the remains of the old society. The ministers have been: D. G. Brown for two years; Philip Crocker in 1838; Rev. P. Crandall and Rev. J. Litch in 1840; H. Perry, 1841: J. Bicknell, 1842: T. G. Blake, 1843. The next, in 1843-4, was Rev. E. B. Hinckley, succeeded by J. F. Blanchard in 1845-6; John D. King in 1847; John French in 1848, until his death, then Arnold Adams; in 1849, James B. Washburn; in 1851, John Fisher; 1852, Thomas Slater; 1853, W. P. Myrick, S. G. Usher and Franklin Sears; 1855, George S. Alexander; 1856, James H. Cooley; 1858, Henry Mayo; 1859, S. Ranks; 1861, Joseph Marsh; 1865, J. A. Steele; 1866, Moses Brown; 1867, F. Gavitt; 1869, C. Stokes; 1870, C. H. Ewer; 1872, J. W. Price; 1873, J. B. Washburn; 1875, C. A. Carter; 1876, M. Dwight; 1877, H. W. Hamblin; 1879, T. A. Turner; 1880, C. T. Hatch; 1881, W. F. Davis; 1883, L. B. Codding; 1885, W. W. Hall; 1887, W. L. Hood; 1889, O. A. Farley.
A Baptist Society was instituted in June, 1826, by resident mem- bers of the Brewster church-eight in number. In 1828 a convenient edifice was erected in the center of the town. Rev. Otis Wing, who assisted in organizing the society, preached one-third of the time until
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the fall of 1837. Rev. Winthrop Morse began his pastorate with them in 1829, discontinuing in 1832. Rev. Enoch Chase preached until 1836, succeeded by Rev. Silas Ripley until the fall of 1837. Rev. Jesse Pease supplied a year, then Rev. Davis Lothrop was pastor for several years. The society commenced to decline, employing ministers and occasional supplies for a number of years until the church was closed. Their edifice was taken down for other uses in 1889.
CEMETERIES .- The few cemeteries of the town are well preserved. The oldest is an Indian burial place at South Orleans-the grounds of the Potanumnaquuts. Their meeting house, which stood near by, has been extinct for nearly a century, and its door step is doing ser- vice for John Kenrick. A later burying ground for Indians was on the land now owned by the heirs of William G. Nickerson, also at South Orleans.
In 1718, when the South parish meeting house of Old Eastham was erected, a burying ground was laid out near by, which is still care- fully guarded by the citizens of Orleans. This is not used; but ad- joining it five acres was purchased, January 15. 1850, by enterprising citizens under the organization called the Orleans Cemetery Associ- ation, and to this was added, June 13, 1876, nine acres more, forming one of the largest and best managed cemeteries in the county. The officers of the association for 1889 were: Joseph Taylor, president; Joseph Mayo, secretary and treasurer; Samuel Mayo, Joseph W. Rogers, Theophilus H. Hurd and the president and secretary, ex- officio, trustees; and Waters Taylor, superintendent. At the east of the Congregational church is a burial place, of which little is known. There is also one near the depot, belonging to the Methodist society, not now used.
SCHOOLS. - When the town was organized especial care was taken to institute schools to accommodate the children. In 1713 the terri- tory south of the cove was made one district. In 1797 there were but three vaguely defined sections, that were provided with limited opportunities for acquiring even a common school education. The people of the town, at their first town meeting, voted to divide the town into three definite districts and build a school house in each. The eastern district was to be east of a " line drawn as the road runs from the westerly side of Thomas Mayo's house, along said road to the meeting house; thence northerly to the eastward of Dr. Seabury's." Then " a line drawn from the head of Frostfish cove, running west- erly between Sylvanus and Asa Higgins', still westerly between Elnathan and widow Higgins' and between Ebenezer and Jedediah Young's to the Harwich line," was to define the bounds between the north and south districts. This was succeeded by liberal support in the town meeting votes, and the taxes levied; and for some reason
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HISTORY OF BARNSTABLE COUNTY.
the open town meeting of 1799 " voted that the schoolmasters of the town have the approbation of the ministers and selectmen." Whether this was the manner of ascertaining the qualifications of the several masters, or that the approbation of the clergy and selectmen was necessary to the success of the schools, no one of that date lives to tell. It is enough that the schools flourished thus, endorsed by the church and the state.
In 1806 a committee in each district was appointed to see that the school have everything for its advancement.
In 1819 the districts numbered six, and new school houses had been erected in the new districts. The appropriations of the town kept pace with the needs of the increasing population and the demand for a higher grade of schools. This year the committee to divide the town into districts, was: John Kenrick, John Myrick, Henry Knowles, James Rogers, Daniel Comings and Judah Rogers.
In 1827 an academy was built by a company, upon the present site of the Snow Library building. It had two stories-a school room below and a hall above. Teachers qualified to teach the high branches were employed, and it is said the institution teaching navi- gation was of importance to those who afterward engaged in seafar- ing pursuits. Teachers for the town schools were qualified for their work here. It was discontinued soon after 1855, and the building moved, for a dwelling, to a site south of the Congregational church.
In 1834 the town was divided into nine districts and at once more houses were provided. At this time nine hundred dollars each year was raised for the support of these schools. In 1846 there were ten school districts, with seventeen teachers employed. The number of different scholars in the public schools at this time was 614-the high- est of any school year, and from this year the decrease commenced. In 1850 the valuation of the town was doubled from former years, the same amount was paid for schools, and 407 scholars were given the benefit. In 1856 there were 45S scholars reported in the schools of the year, and in 1859 only 398, with twelve teachers.
In 1873 a high school was instituted in the central building, with Hiram Myers as principal, and from this time the interest in and the standard of the schools rapidly increased. Reports of the standing, attendance, and the amount of expenditures of the schools were first printed and distributed. That year $143.27 was received from the state school fund.
In 1876 the high school gave satisfaction, and the grammar schools numbered four, the primaries three. The attendance of scholars for all the schools for the year was 270. The examination of pupils at the close of each term in all the grades was rigid, giv- ing candidates for admission to the high school an unusually severe test.
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The school year ending in 1882 was fraught with changes detri- mental, perhaps, to the best interest of the scholars. By a vote of the town meeting the grammar and primary schools of the east and south parts of the town were united to save expense. At this time the de- crease in the number of scholars was plainly discernible, for which there were several reasons. The number of different scholars who attended school in 1860-1 was 443, while in 1880-1 it was 235. The sum of $1,900 was raised for the first and $2,400 for the second period given. In the first school year mentioned, fourteen teachers were employed and nine in the latter. The standard of the schools in 1880 was fifty per cent. better than in 1861. In 1882 attendance was largely increased by the enforcement of the truant act, and the income from the state fund was $235.95-about one hundred dollars increased since 1873-indicating a higher state of improvement. In 1887 the scholars in attendance had decreased to 184, receiving from the state fund, $311.08.
The ten districts throughout the town. long previous to the estab- lishment of grammar schools, had been consolidated and four large school buildings termed Northwest, Central, East and South schools, with the high school at the center, took their place. On the morning of September 29, 1887, the Central house was burned. This school was continued in the town house until the close of the school year. Another was erected on the site, in which a grammar school was com- menced December 16, 1889. The schools of 18SS-9 were four grammar departments and four primary, with an attendance of 154 different scholars. The income from the state fund was $304.82, and the school year closed with a report of decided progress. The usual appropri- ation of the town for its schools is now $2.200 annually. The school committee for 1890-1893 consists of Robert E. Oliver, Joshua H. Smith and Freeman Higgins.
CIVIL HISTORY .- This branch of the history of Orleans, prior to 1797, is inseparable from that of old Eastham. The enactments of the latter governed the present territory of Orleans, from which a large proportion of the officers were chosen. The civil list of East- ham from its incorporation to March, 1797, will be found in Chapter XXII, and by the officers there named the present territory of Orleans was served.
The Indians of Potanumaquut-now the south part of Orleans- had a court and magistracy of their own, established by the general court in 1682.
The people of the town acted in concert with the patriots of other towns during the troubles of the revolutionary war, and the so-called whigs were largely in the ascendency; and in 1800, after learning of the decease of George Washington, a public service was held, at which
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HISTORY OF BARNSTABLE COUNTY.
the freemen. by a strong vote ordered the oration of Rev. Mr. Bascom to be published. In 1809 the town first made distinct assessments for the support of the ministry, the voters at this time numbering about 120. In 1812 the town passed 139 votes. The political tendency of the town was promptly indicated in 1814, when British cruisers anchored in sight of its shores, threatening destruction unless a certain amount of money was raised. A decisive vote of refusal was given, and every attempt of the enemy to land was repulsed.
In cases of humanity the political parties were united, as was the case in 1816, when the epidemic brought death to many and burden- some bills to others. At this time the vote was unanimous that the town pay the doctors' bills for those persons not able. In 1818 the town, being largely engaged in the manufacture of salt, chose an effi- cient committee to represent to congress the importance of the con- tinuation of a duty on the importation of this article. During these years the vote of the town was to pay three cents for the head of an old crow, 1} cents for that of a young one, and three cents a dozen for crows' eggs; for a blackbird's head one cent, and 13 cents for a dozen of its eggs. The shell fish of the coves and ponds of the town were annually protected in the votes of the town meetings, and heavy penalties laid for encroachment from non-residents.
In the town meeting of May 27, 1861, a strong union feeling was shown by adopting a long preamble and seven strong resolutions in which the action of the Southern states was condemned and a promise given to stand by the Union at all hazards.
The widening of old and laying out of new roads, the management of the fisheries, the changes made in the schools and the erection of new poor and town houses have occupied the town meetings of the town for many years. The perambulation of the town boundaries is recorded every few years in the records of the town.
The names of the deputies who served prior to 1797 in the general court may be found in the Eastham chapter, and the names of the representatives from the incorporation of the town of Orleans until 1857, when it formed a district with other towns, are included in the following list, with the year of election and the number of years of service in each case where more than a single year was served: 1798, Simeon Kingman, 5; 1800, Richard Sparrow, 6; 1808, Jonathan Bascom, 4; 1817, Daniel Cummings, 7; 1825, John Doane, 4; 1830, John Kenrick, 2; 1831, Sparrow Horton and Elisha Cole, 5; 1833, Thacher Snow, 4; 1834, Elisha Hopkins; 1835, Eben Rogers, 2; 1836, Thomas Mayo; 1837, Edward Barber, 2, and Richard Sparrow; 1838, Luther Snow, 2; 1839, Nathaniel Freeman; 1840, Joshua Doane, 2; 1842, Seth Higgins, 2; 1844, Alexander Kenrick, 2; 1849, Thacher Snow; 1850, Leander Crosby, 3; 1854, John Kenrick, 2; 1855, Josiah Freeman, 2; 1857, Chapman Sea- bury.
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TOWN OF ORLEANS.
Since Orleans has exercised its own corporate powers the following have served as selectmen, the number of years being denoted when more than one, with the year of first election: 1797, Hezekialı Higgins, 4; Heman Linnell and Dea. Judah Rogers, 16: 1798, Jona- than Hopkins and Thomas Arey; 1799, Dea. Richard Sparrow, 13; 1801, Barnabas Twining, 3; 1804, Nathaniel Knowles, 7; 1811, Gideon Snow, 2; 1812, John Myrick, 11; 1813, Stephen Snow; 1814, Daniel Cummings, 14, and Jabez Sparrow, 3; 1817, Thomas Higgins, 6: 1818, John Kenrick, 13; 1820, Asa Rogers, 4; 1824, Jonathan Freeman; 1827, Joseph L. Rogers, 5; 1828, Elisha Cole, 7; 1829, Zoeth Taylor and Wil- liam Smith; 1832, Sparrow Horton, 2; 1833, Matthew Kingman, 2; 1834, Joshua Doane, 5; 1835, Edward Barber, 3, and Asa Hopkins, 7; 1842, Joseph G. Sloan, 2; 1844, Josiah Freeman, 7; 1846, Ziba Eldridge, 2; 1850, Alfred Kenrick, 3; 1851, Thomas S. Snow, 3, and William P. Myrick, 3; 1852, Ensign B. Rogers, 2; 1853, Harvey Sparrow, 2; 1854, Jonathan Higgins, 3, and Edward Barber; 1855, Jesse C. Snow, 9, and Joseph W. Rogers; 1858, Calvin Snow, 3; 1859, Joseph Cummings, 3; 1861, George W. Cummings, and Edward Crosby, 3; 1864, Ira Mayo, 4, and Freeman Doane, 2; 1866, George W. Cummings, 2; 1867, Ensign B. Rogers, 2; 1868, John Kenrick, 2, and Joshua L. Crosby; 1869, Free- man Doane, 9, and Ira Mayo; 1870, Ensign B. Rogers, 7, and Joseph W. Rogers; 1871, John Kenrick; 1872, James H. Arey, 4; 1876, Joseph W. Rogers, 3; 1877, Alexander T. Newcomb, 14, to 1891; 1878, Marcus M. Pierce, 2; 1879, Freeman Doane, S: 1880, Joseph K. Mayo, 2; 1882. Winthrop M. Crosby, 9, to 1891; 1887, Samuel Mayo, 4, to 1891.
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