History of Essex County, Massachusetts : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Vol. I, Part 170

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton), ed. n 85042884-1
Publication date: 1888
Publisher: Philadelphia : J. W. Lewis & Co.
Number of Pages: 1538

USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > History of Essex County, Massachusetts : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Vol. I > Part 170

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In 1645 all lads from ten to sixteen must be drilled in the use of the musket, the half-pikes and of bows and arrows. Thomas Whittingham was lieutenant, and Thomas Howlett ensign of the Ipswich compa- ny ; every town must set a guard, a pike-man and a musketeer, abont sunset, and must keep a daily guard on the outskirts and scour the woods for lurking foes; each company was divided in two-third musketeers and one-third pikemen, who were to wear corselets and head-pieces.

In 1648 boys, allowed by their parents or guardians on the training fields, were to be " exercised " in mil- itary discipline. In 1649 each town must provide for each fifty soldiers, one barrel of powder, one hundred and fifty pounds of musket bullets, and twenty-eight pounds of match, which, for a long time, subserved the use of flint.

In 1652 a company was to consist of sixty-four or more privates, and to have at least two drums, and the military affairs of each town were to be administered by a committee of magistrates and three chief officers. In 1653 John Apple- ton was commissioned lieutenant of the troop of horse for the Essex regiment. General Daniel Den- ison ordered a squad of twenty-seven men from Ips- wich and Rowley, to "descry the distant foe, where lodged, or whither fled ; or if for fight in motion or in halt; " for it was reported, as ten years before, that a general conspiracy had been formed to sweep the white man from the soil. Each private was al- lowed a shilling, the sergeant two shillings, and two troopers two shillings, six pence a day for four days.

OFFICERS .- In 1664 the following were confirmed as the officers of the Ipswich Company : Thomas French, ensign ; Thomas Burnam, Jacob Perkins and Thomas Wait, sergeants; and Thomas Hart and Francis Wainwright, corporals ; and in 1668, John Appleton, captain, and John Whipple, cornet, of the troop. In 1672 a new fort was built; Gen. Denison wrote the Governor that great fear and alarm prevailed ; that the enemy had crossed the Merrimac, and that a detachment of fifty men, under Capt. John Apple- ton, was proceeding to Andover. The following year Ipswich was required to furnish her quota of one hun- dred men for service against the Dutch.

PHILIP'S WAR .- The year 1675 is memorable for the beginning of King Philip's War. It was a long, agonizing struggle. Philip was sagacious, crafty, of great native mental strength, and as chief of a civil- ized people, would have been known as their patriot- ic defender. He was, with all, a powerful monarch, chief of thirty tribes and the powerful Passaconaway was his ally. His eagle-eye scanned the encroach- ments of the English upon his lands, their usurpa- tion of his fruitful hunting-grounds, their growth in numbers and power, and in all this and more, the doom of his race, which he could no longer brook.

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HISTORY OF ESSEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.

FURTHER MEANS .- "The Indians lurked in ev- ery forest and covert; they watched for the lonely settler as he opened his door in the morning, as he was busy at his work in the field, as he rode out on business or followed the forest path to church." The fearful war-whoop, the deadly tomahawk and the treacherous ambuscade were a terror to every Eng- lish home. The soldiers of every town were ordered to scour and ward to prevent the skulking and lurk- ing of the enemy about it and give notice of danger ; the brush along the highway must be cut up; and the watch must not come in till sunrise, when the scouts go out ; the inhabitants shall flee to the garri- sons for defense, if invaded.

FEARFUL COST OF THE WAR .- The war cost the Colonial League a million of dollars and six hundred lives, of which Ipswich's proportion must have been about forty. Every eleventh house in the colony was burned, and every eleventh soldier killed. Ips- wich was represented in Capt. Prentice's troop, and in the " Flower of Essex," that perished at Deerfield, and she furnished her quota of the four hundred and sixty men levied the next year and led by Maj. Sam- uel Appleton ; of eighty men called for sixty days; and of seventy for service in the East.

FATALITIES .- In this war fell Edward Coburn, Thomas Scott, Benjamin Tappan, Freegrace Norton, sergeant John Pettis. John Cogswell was a prisoner. In the great battle of the war,-with the Narragan- setts,-three were killed and twenty-two were wound- ed in the Ipswich Company. One of the saddest events of the war was " the Deerfield Massacre." Of a company of eighty men, known as the "Flower of Essex," forty perished by one fell swoop of the sav- ages. Here Robert Dutch was prostrated by a ball which wounded his head, was mauled with a hatchet, stripped and left for dead. After several hours he was discovered and restored to consciousness. In a list of the names of the slain the following look like Ipswich names: Thomas Manning, Caleb Kimball, Jacob Wainwright, Samuel Whittridge, Josiah Dodge, William Day, John and Thomas Hobbs.

OFFICERS .- In 1680 Ipswich had three companies ; the year following a magazine is kept in the meeting- house, and in 1682 the companies' officers were: Capt. Samuel Appleton, Lieut. Thomas Burnum, En. Simon Stacey ; Capt. Daniel Eppes, Lieut. John Appleton, En. Thomas Jacobs, Lieut. John Andrews and En. Wil- liam Goodhue, Jr. In October, Thomas Wade was cornet in place of John Whipple, promoted to lieu- tenant in place of Lieut. Appleton, who assumed com- mand of the troop upon the death of Capt. John Whipple; and in 1689 Thomas Wade was captain, John Whipple lieutenant, John Whipple, Jr., quar- ter-master; and under Maj. Samuel Appleton, Simon Stacey was lientenant and Nehemiah Jewett ensign. That year wards were ordered to guard the church- es, during service.

WILLIAM'S WAR .- This year began King Wil-

liam's War, which, by sympathy, extended to and involved New England. Ipswich contributed her proportion of three hundred soldiers to be raised in the county. The Ipswich troops rendezvoused at Haverhill. The following year she furnished her quota of sixty-tive recruits from the Essex Middle Regiment, composed of Ipswich, Rowley, Wenham, Gloucester, Topsfield and Boxford, and her quota of four hundred from the Province. Nathaniel Rust was quarter-master in the expedition against Canada, and in 1691 Samuel Ingalls was lieutenant, and Rob- ert Kinsman quarter-master in Thomas Wade's troop. About 1700 the town voted to purchase three field-pieces ; to supply themselves with powder and flints; and to repair the watch-house and fort near the meeting-house. The town's proportion of four- teen men from the Essex Middle Regiment was called for; Maj. Samuel Appleton led sixty men to defend Gloucester ; Col. Symonds Eppes was ordered to "empress" a man into the service at York in place of Archelaus Adams, whose time had expired, and the colonel was also to hold his regiment for im- mediate service. The town furnished her quota of ninety men ; she stored her powder in the meeting- house; her troops use carbines. In 1697 William Wade was killed and Abraham Foster was wounded. These particulars, in which we have thus far in- dulged, serve to show the small beginning, the inade- quate means, the slow but steady growth and the pe- culiar phases of primitive warfare.

ANNE'S, GEORGE'S AND FRENCH WARS .- Queen Anne's War followed; it fell with merciless force upon New England. Ipswich was true to English instincts; she honored every call for men with her quota, and gave a devoted and efficient service. Ips- wich was represented at Port Royal, in 1707, where Samuel Appleton had a command. In 1710 William Cogswell was killed, and ten years later Samuel Clark was wounded. In 1737 John Hobbs was wounded, and ten years later asked of the General Court pay for his care of the sick at Cape Breton.

So in the Austrian succession, known as King George's War, wherein Louisburg, the Gibraltar of America, was reduced by four thousand fishermen and farmers of New England, with whom served the strength and support of Ipswich homes.

Peace returned in 1748, but it was of short duration ; it served only for recuperation and preparation for an intenser struggle. This was known as the French and Indian War, and was waged for conquest; for long years of conflict had demonstrated that the French and English could not live contiguously in peace. Five points of attack were agreed upon, and Ipswich men served at three, Crown-point, Quebec and Nova Scotia. In 1756 the town appropriated £50 for powder and other military stores. Dr. John Caleffe was surgeon in the expedition to Quebec ; Abraham Smith and Philemon How died at Louisburg. Mr. Smith made his will about the time of enlisting, and

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gave "the residue and remainder " of his property to Linebrook Parish. In 1760 the town voted that " such private soldiers, as are in the war, exclusive of tradesmen and carpenters, shall be excused from their poll-tax." Besides the town's occasional indi- vidual appropriations, she met with promptness every provincial demand for men and tax.

This war solved an old and vexatious problem, which is stated and illustrated in Longfellow's unique and beautiful Evangeline, aud is called The French Neutrals. In the distribution of that people, Essex County had about two hundred. Ipswich had the families of Francis aud John Landrey and Paul Breau, twenty persons. At the expense of the State, the town rented them a house and furnished them with provisions, in which were included, as the State archives show, items of "Cyder and Rum," at a total cost of about a shilling per week for each person. In June, 1758, the General Conrt ordered that the "sick, infirm and aged" among them be maintained at the expense of the government, but that others must earn their living. In 1760 the province distributes its en- tire ward among the varions towns according to the rate of taxation. Ipswich's proportion was twenty- three. The original number of twenty had been augmented at the time of the distribution by four births, and there had been one death, or else one was removed, to adjust the proportion. Our next notice of them was August 18, 1766, when the town refused to appropriate money to convey them to Canada, and November 25th following, when £20 was voted for their support for that year. They probably soon after removed to Canada. They were apparently a clever, sober, industrious people, and on the whole desirable citizens.

THE REVOLUTION .- Our narrative has now ad- vanced a century and a quarter. Ipswich has as- sisted, by her treasures and skill and bravery, in silencing the fierce Tarratines, in annihilating the Pequods, in forcing the Narragansetts to sue for peace, in burying King Philip and four thousand of his brave warriors, in gathering scalps in the North for the bounty, in keeping at bay the powerful Penna- cooks, and has fought the allied French and Indians, to defend their homes, their religion and their coun- try. What a fearful cost. "The dear purchase of our fathers." But that, appalling as it was, was only part of the price. The war-whoop had hardly ceased its terror, when the precursor of another ordeal stalked through the land and inaugurated the War of The Revolution.

Though occasional irritations from the same source had been felt from the early days of the colony, this contest was nnexpected. Our fathers had faithfully labored and hoped; they had "fought and bled and died " with only one purpose in reference to their nationality, and that purpose was to be Englishmen " first, last, midst and without end." But while they were English the same spirit that made them true

and devoted patriots, gave them a deep sense of jus- tice, so that they could not brook a scathing insult or endure a flagrant wrong, though they be inflicted by a brother.

For nearly a hundred years they had fought for their homes and freedom to worship God, in the wildest, most barbarous and bloodiest wars. They had sued for no peace ; they had begged no quarter. Their brothers across the sea had furnished few troops, little money, and perchance no sympathy ; and when the strife for territorial acquisition came, when the valor of Euglish arms was on trial, and the grand old flag beckoned them by its waving folds to service and duty, they stood shoulder to shoulder in the serried ranks with the confident regular ; they fought while he fought; conquered where he fled. Mainly by their spirit and skill was English rule established over these verdant hills and picturesque vales, and English arts and arms extended from the Great River on the west to the ocean on the east, and from frozen seas on the north to the delightful savannahs of the south.

For all this devoted service and baptism of blood, not a word of sympathy, nor an expression of thanks, and only a pittance to reimburse an impoverished treasury. The service and baptism only inflamed old jealousies, fashioned new rigors and forged new chains. History is replete with the mockery of justice, the travesty of righteousness, by which a jealous hatred sought to stamp our ancestors as an inferior class and to bind them to perpetual de- pendence. But the flinty purpose that brought our forefathers to these shores struck fire npon the steel rigors of the laws forged for their subjugation. Maga- zines of indignation were fired from Maine to Georgia. Subjugate ! Why, as well attempt to draw out levi- athan with a hook or to turn back Niagara by com- mand. The seed sown in the compact penned in the cabin of the May Flower had its fruitage in the Dec- laratiou of Independence; and while John Adams and Patrick Henry, in advocating the principles of that immortal document, electrified the people, the stont-hearted yeomanry, in town-meeting assembled, voted and recorded the sentiments, and by their votes pledged money and life to the cause. Ipswich met the issue on the threshold with no nncertain voice. "No representation, no taxation," was a sentiment indigenous to her very soul. She recorded her in- structions to her representatives, October 21, 1765 : " We must maintain the Charter. When our fathers left their native land, they left its laws, its Constitu- tion and its peculiar institutions and customs,-all but what was secured by their Charter. Three things are necessary to make this otherwise : first, the migra- tions should have been anthorized and regulated by legal authority ; second, the expense of the coloniza- tion should have been borne by the government ; aud third, the colony should have been sent to settle some place or territory that the nation had before, in

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HISTORY OF ESSEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.

some way or other, made their own, as was usual-if not always-the case with the ancient Romans. But neither of them obtained in this case. Our only hope of freedom in religion and law, and our only ground of patriotism and manhood, is the Charter." Again, August 11, 1768, the town recorded a vote of thanks to the ninety-two members of the House who stood firm against reseinding the resolves of the last House, and so declared anew the righteousness of the cause and their determination. The town voted Captain Michael Farley delegate to Convention at Boston, to advise measures for the peace and safety of the people. A meeting was " called for February 28, 1770, to determine upon some satisfactory method to prevent the use of that pernicious weed called Tea," to advise in the matter of withholding our cus- tom from those merchants who traffic in it. A com- mittee, to whom the questions involved were submit- ted, reported, "That we retrench all extravagances; and that we will, to the utmost of our power and abil- ity, encourage our own manufactures ; and that we will not, by ourselves or any for or under us, di- rectly or indirectly, purchase any goods of the per- sons who have imported, or continued to import, or of any person or trader who shall purchase any goods of said importers, contrary to the agreement of the merchants in Boston and the other trading towns in this government and the neighboring colonies, until they make a publie retraction or ageneral importation takes place." It was voted also, "that we will abstain from the use of tea ourselves and recommend the disuse of it in our families, until all the revenue acts are repealed."

THE CRISIS APPROACHING .- Affairs grew in inter- est and importance ; the situation became more try- ing; but their brave hearts grew braver and stronger. Learning the action of Boston in the crisis, the town, December 17, 1772, recounted the common grievances at length, complimented the metropolis for the stand she had taken, pledged her support and chose the fol- lowing " Committee of Correspondence.": Captain Farley, Mr. Daniel Noyes and Major John Baker. In December, 1773, the town was gratified with the ac- tion taken by Boston and records resolutions of sym- pathy and firmness of purpose. The people are now fully aroused. June 29, 1774, Daniel Noyes, Deacon Stephen Choate, Captain Michael Farley, John Choate and Nathaniel Farley were voted a committee to see what could be done " in the distressing state of affairs." The same year a lot of land, fifty by twenty- five feet, east of the town-house, was granted for mili- tary discipline ; a committee was chosen to fix the compensation of "Minute-Men ; " the proposals and resolves of the Continental Congress were adopted ; a committee of eleven members was chosen to see that " said resolves are most punetually observed ; " and Colonel Michael Farley and Daniel Noyes were mem- bers of the Great and General Court ordered to meet at Salem, and, meeting in the absence of the Gover-

nor, resolved themselves into a Provincial Congress and adjourned to Concord.

The next year was 1775, the ever-memorable one in the annals of the province. In April Ipswich met with other towns, by committee, to plan for coast de- fences ; the town voted to hire money to pay " minute men." Then came the clash of arms the 19th. In May five men were chosen a committee of intelli- gence; a watch was set on Castle Hill, lest an armed cutter come and take away cattle; Michael Far- ley and Dummer Jewett were chosen to represent the town in the Provincial Congress at Watertown. It was now time to put none but Americans on guard. Congress ordered that committees of safety and cor- respondence be sworn. Hence such committees were dismissed, and these chosen and sworn in their stead, -- Daniel Noyes, Captain Daniel Rogers, Captain Isaac Dodge, John Crocker, Samuel Lord, Captain Ephraim Kindall, Major Jonathan Cogswell, Captain Abraham Howe, Mr. John Patch, 3d.

THE ALARM .- It was a beautiful moonlight even- ing of the 18th of April, 1775, when Governor Gage sent out Lieutenant-Colonel Smith and Major Pit- cairn, with eight hundred regulars, to seize the stores at Concord. It was Paul Revere and William Dawes who simultaneously started and gave the alarm. The ringing of bells and the firing of guns told the patri- ots of their needed presence and valor. Early on the 19th, the day when the bloody die was cast, five Ipswich companies of infantry and a troop of horse left their homes for the scene of conflict. They were led by Captains Thomas Burnham, Daniel Rogers, Abraham Dodge, Elisha Whitney, Abraham Howe and Nathaniel Wade, and Colonel John Baker. As Putnam left his cattle yoked in the field, so no less, if not the same, did Ipswich men. Nearly three hun- dred stout-hearted yeomanry marched to the defence of righteousness against tyranny, with banner stream- ing and drums beating and hurried pace, "while their zeal outran their footsteps."

The following rolls of Ipswich minute-men have been gleaned from the State archives, and will doubt- less gratify many a patriotic interest. They marched upon the alarm of April 19th.

COMPANY ONE.

Captain. Thomas Burnham, 1st Lieut., Charles Smith.

2d Lieut., John Farley.

Sergeants.

Daniel Lord. John Potter.

Ebenezer Lord.

John Lukeman.

Privates.

Nehemiah Abbott, Nicholas Babcock, Samuel Baker, Elijalı Boynton, John Brown, 4th, Isaac Burnham, Jr., Jeremiah Brown, Thomas Cald- well, Thomas Chun, Benjamin Cross, Nathaniel Cross, Nehemiah Choate, Nathaniel Dennis, Benjamin Emerson, Ephraim Fellows, John Fellows, Isaac Fellows, Nathan Fellows, John Glazier, James Harris, John Harris, Abraham Hodgkins, Nathaniel Heard, John Heard, Jr., Thomas Hodgkins, Amos Heard, Ebenezer Kimball, Moses Kinsman, William Kinsman, Abraham Lord, Aaron Lord, Caleb Lord, Samuel Lord. John Manning, Elisha Newman, Samuel Newman, Nathan Par- sons, William Goodlie, Francis Pickard, James Pickard, Jr., John Por- ter, Jeremiah Rose, Simeon Safford, Moses Smith, Jr., Henry Spellar,

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IPSWICH.

Heary Spellar, Benjamin Sweet, Daniel Lowe, Richard Shatswell, Philip Lord, Elisha Treadwell, Samuel Wallis, Nathaniel Wells.

Total pay was £26, 98, 4d. for thirty miles and three days.

COMPANY TWO.

Captain, Nathaniel Wade.

1st Lieut., Joseph Hodgkios.

2d Lieut., William Dennis. Sergeants.

Aaron Perkins. Michael Farley, Jr.

Jabez Farley.

Thomas Boardman.

Corporals.

Asa Barker.

Jobo Graves.

Francis Merrifield. Joseph Appleton, Jr.

Privates.

Thomas Appleton, Samuel Burnham, Stephen Dutch, Jonathan Fos- ter, John Fowler, Jr., Joseph Fowler, 3d, John Fitts, Jr., Isaac Gid- dings, Daniel Goodhue, Jr., William Goodhne, Ephraim Goodhue, Fran- cis Hovey, Benjamin Heard, John Harris, 5th, Nathaniel Jewett, Abian Knowlton, Nathaniel Lakeman, Nathaniel Lord, 3d, Charles Lord, Samuel Lord, 5th, James Fuller Lakeman, Nathaniel Ross, Ben - jamin Ross, Nathaniel Rust, Jr., Jabez Ross, Jr., Kaeeland Ross, Thomas Hodgkins, 4th, Henry Spellar, Jabez Sweet, Jr., Jobn Stan wood, Isaac Stanwood, Daniel Stone, Nathaniel Souther, Edward Stacy, James Smith, Nathaniel Treadwell, Ebenezer Lakeman, Nathaniel March, John Peters, Nathaniel Browo.

This company was in service as minute-men till May 10th. The distance was eighty-eight miles and their pay £101, 158. 2d.

COMPANY THREE.

Captain Abraham How.

Ist Lieut. Thomas Foster.

Ens. Paul Lancaster .*

Sergeants.

How. Smith.

Dresser .* Chapman.

Corporals.

Fisk.

Chaplin ** Abbott.

Potter.

Drummer, Foster.

Privates .- Jeremiah Smith, John Daniels,* Joseph Chapman,* Caleb Jackson,* Amos Jewett, Jr., John Perley, Jonathan Foster, Jr., Samnel Woodbury, David Chaplin,* Moses Chaplin, Jr.,* Moses Foster, Abra- ham How, 3d, Allen Foster,* Charles Davis, John Fowler, Jr., Daniel Kimball, Jr., Joshua Dickinson," George Abbott,* James Smith, Joseph Nelson,* Philemon Foster, Timothy Morse, Joha Fowler, Elijah Foster, Moses Chaplin,* Daniel Kimball, Alleo Perley, Ezekiel Potter, Edmund Tenney,* Moses Conant, John Chapman.

The distance for most of this company was eighty miles, and their total pay was £22 6s. 8d. 2f. Those marked with a star (*) belonged to Rowley-Line- brook, and perhaps two or three others.

COMPANY FOUR.

Captain Daniel Rogers. Ist Lieut. Thomas Buroham.

2d Lieut. Abraham Dodge.

Sergeants.

Martio.

Wade.

Wallis. Treadwell.

Corporals.

Kimball.

Lord.

Pearson. Appleton.

Privates .- Joba Andrews, William Baker, Philip Abbott, Jonathan Appleton, Samuel Beal, Benjamin Brown, Thomas Caldwell, Abraham Choate, John Cross, Aaron Day, Jeremiah Day, Thomas Day, Ebenezer Caldwell, Joshua Fitts, Ebenezer Goodhne, Barnabas Dodge. Samnel Henderson, Mark Haskell, John Hodgkins, Thomas Hodgkins, Jr., Cols. (?) Jewett, Richard Kimball, Jeremiah Kinsman, Israel Kinsman, Ephraim Jewett, Nathaniel Grant, Ebenezer Hovey, Purchase Jewett, John Lord, Daniel Lord, Jr., Gideon Parker, Nathaniel Perley, Daniel Potter, Joshua Smith, Simon Smith, Robert Stocker, Richard Sutton, Moses Treadwell, Asa Warner, William Warder.

Their distance was sixty miles, their time was four days, and their total pay was £28 12s. 6d.

TROOP OF HORSE.

Captain Moses Jewett. Lieut. Robert Perkins.

Cornet, John Kiusman. Quarterm., Elisha Brown.

Corporals.

Pelatiab Brown.

Trumpeter, John Brown.

Privates. - Ebenezer Brown, Joho Bradstreet, Samuel Bragg, Allen Baker, Francis Brown, Joseph Brown, Jonathan Cummings, Pelatiah Cummings, William Conant, Abner Day, John Emerson, Joseph Good- hne, Seth Goodhue, Mark Haskell, John Harris, Nehemiah Jewett, Aaron Jewett, Michael Kinsman, Joseph Metcalfe, Nehemiah Patch, Thomas Smith, Zebulon Smith, Nehemiah Jewett, Jr.

The distance was sixty miles, they served ninety- nine days, and their total pay was £16 98. 3d. 2f.

Ipswich hamlet furnished thirty-eight minute-men, under Captain Elisha Whitney. They were out three days, and returned to Cambridge, 1st of May.

Captain Abraham Dodge's company did not go into the conflict, except such as volunteered. They were encamped iu sight.

THE WAR .- They, however, soon returned; but enlistments immediately began. Captain Abraham Dodge enlisted forty men; Captain Gideon Parker, twenty-two; Captain Elisha Whitney, thirty-nine; Captain Daniel Rogers, fifty-one; Captain Nathaniel Wade, sixty-nine. Our statement is necessarily short. Enlistments were constant. The only busi- ness that received first attention was the war. The citizens contributed of their service, their sympathy, their kindness, their money, their prayers for the one great end. They were represented in every depart- ment. Our soldiers fought at Bunker Hill, and helped drive Howe from Boston. They fought under Gates at the North, on Long Island, in New Jersey and Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. They helped conquer Burgoyne, and they guarded his troops at Prospect Hill, near Boston. They suffered in the retreat through New Jersey and at Valley Forge.

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History of Essex County, Massachusetts : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Vol. I, Part 170

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton), ed. n 85042884-1 Publication date: 1888 Publisher: Philadelphia : J. W. Lewis & Co. Number of Pages: 1538

Author: Hurd, D. Hamilton (Duane Hamilton), ed. n 85042884-1
Publication date: 1888
Publisher: Philadelphia : J. W. Lewis & Co.
Number of Pages: 1538