USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > History of Essex County, Massachusetts : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Vol. I > Part 202
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Of those who first carried on shoemaking as a busi- ness, Joseph Foster, who removed hither from Ips- wich just before the Revolution, is most conspicuous. He supplied shoes to the Continental army and to the various grocery-stores of this town and others, and later shipped shoes to the Southern States and the West Indies. Descendants of shoemaker Foster are still engaged in the business here, in which they were prominent for nearly a century. Others who learned their trade of Joseph Foster's son, Daniel, may be remembered by our citizens as Captain Dan- iel Cross, Olphert Tuttle and Osman Gage.
A leading manufacturer of a later period was Dea- con Nehemiah Roundy, whose three sons assisted him, and who supplied shoes to the trade in Boston and shipped to Africa and other countries. Captain Thomas B. Smith in 1829 built a factory in which he manufactured large numbers of heavy boots and shoes. In 1830 Daniel Lefavour began the manu- facture of women's shoes at the Cove, in which also his brother John engaged some fifteen years later. The business established by them has since been contin- ued respectively by their sons. Another manufac-
748
HISTORY OF ESSEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.
turer of that period was Ebenezer Moses, who, it is said, first introduced the system of division of labor, and first used tin patterns for the shaping of the soles of shoes. The Herricks and Trasks, fathers and sons, Wm. D. Crossfield, Wm. Larrabee, the Wallises (de- scended from the first deacon) and the Norwoods, are names prominent in the history of shoe mannfacture here. One of the last century Wallises was the aged shoemaker Henry Wallis, well remembered by the middle-aged of our community, who worked at his trade for nearly seventy years in the same shop, which was over two hundred years old when it was removed from its location at the corner of Cabot and Bow Streets.
Real Estate and Improvements .- The era of progress may be said to date from the advent of the railroad, and the largest and most important transaction in real estate took place at the time the railroad station was removed from its original site to its present location on Park Street, about 1852. Nearly all the large sec- tion between Cabot Street and Bass River, and ex- tending from the Gloucester crossing to the southerly junction of Cabot and Rantoul Streets, was open field, withont house or factory. To-day hundreds of dwellings are seen here, and the numerous shoe facto- ries, in which are conducted the leading industry of the town. An impulse was given to business that has been continued to the present day.
Twenty years ago, or in 1868, a section of territory lying between Lovett, Lothrop and Washington Streets which had, for more than a hundred years, lain unde- veloped, and used as fish-yards, was purchased by Israel Lefavour, and thrown open for building purposes. Mr. Lefavour, then quite a young man, divided the property into lots, some of which he sold, and upon others erected houses, and to-day it is covered with some of the most attractive residences in town. He also pur- chased and improved, more recently, the Wilson land and Pickett fish-yards, on Lothrop Street, and has built thereon honses commanding beautiful ontlooks over the sea.
In the past twenty years Cabot Street, which was formerly lined mainly with dwellings, has undergone most radical changes, nearly forty stores and places of business having been erected there.
In 1867 the Masonic Association erected the fine three-story brick block at the corner of Washington and Cabot Streets ; in 1875 the Odd Fellows built, at the corner of Cabot and Broadway, the finest block in town; in 1877 Israel Lefavour purchased the Little estate, corner of Cabot and Vestry Streets, and en- larged and altered the house there into a three-story block, with a commodious Opera House more lately added ; in 1883 Rich and Newcomb built a very large and convenient wooden block on the property ad- joining and extending to Railroad Avenue, and in 1885 Webber Brothers erected a fine brick building of three stories adjacent to the Masonic structure.
In 1881 Augustus N. Clark altered the store and
house of the Smith estate, owned by him, on the corner of Cabot and Broadway, into a large block for stores and dwellings, and added much to the beauty of Broadway.
In 1885 the Savings Bank built its beautiful struc- ture at the corner of Cabot and Thorndike; in 1886 Robert R. Endicott reconstructed and enlarged the buildings corner of Cabot and Washington Streets.
George Butman erected a large building of three stories on Cabot, near Essex Street. A dozen years before, Messrs. Lee and Cressy, George H. Southwick and William W. Hinkley had put up fine business blocks. These facts but indicate a steady and rapid growth in the business of Beverly.
Beyond the more densely populated portion also important improvements have been wrought within twenty years and less.
The extension of Central and Abbot Streets, and others, was followed by active building of houses, until nearly all were lined with comfortable and ele- gant dwellings. The extension of Lothrop Street to Cross Lane, the extension of Ober and Corning Streets, the improving of Common Lane, etc., gave an impetus to building, even in remote places.
In 1874 Andrew K. Ober purchased a portion of the woodland known as Snake Hill, laying out drives and walks, and building there a stone mansion, which improvements were followed by the construction of Lake-shore Avenue, and the elegant station-building at Montserrat. Within ten years past radical changes have been made at Hospital Point, so that this bleak and once desolate promontory is now the abode of some of our wealthiest citizens.
One of the largest land-owners, whose purchases have been made mainly within a few years past, is Henry W. Peabody, who owns about one hundred and fifty acres, principally near the Montserrat Sta- tion, and including such fine property as Hibbert and Laurel Pastures, Turtle and Prospect Hills. At the Farms, after the shore margin had been absorbed, summer residents purchased much of the hill prop- erty in the interior, especially wherever commanding views were afforded of the sea. Hence it is that, with Beverly's unrivaled possession of hillside and seaside, it is not necessary that land should be of great fertility to command high prices. In truth, the poorest land as to production is often that which is held the dearest.
What is known as the "shore movement," when the manifold attractions of the Beverly coast drew hither an appreciative population, began nearly fifty years ago.
About this time Beverly began to receive acces- sions in people who came, at first, merely for a sum- mer's stay, but who eventually purchased property here and obtained a foothold as owners of real estate. Attracted by the beauties of the shore, several resi- dents of Salem and Boston sought and obtained board with the farmers of the eastern part of the town, in
749
BEVERLY.
the section known as Beverly Farms. This region was always a rural one, and thinly populated, though early settled : the Wests, Woodburys, Haskells, This- sells, Obers and Larcoms being among the first; the Woodburys especially numerous, descendants of the original William and Humphrey, who located at Woodburys' Points about 1630. By direct inherit- ance, by grants and by intermarriage, they had ac- quired a great deal of the coast property.
Throughout several generations these farmers aud fishermen of Beverly had contentedly tilled the soil and ploughed the sea, leaving their ancestral homes only to participate in the business affairs of the town, or when summoned by the imperative calls of war. By intermarriage, by the ties of constant association, and by family tradition, they were one with the peo- ple at the Centre. During the first century of its corporate existence the town relied upon them as upon those who lived in the shadow of the First Parish meeting-house, and they were prominent mem- bers of the church itself. The short distance that separated them from the business centre of the town did not prevent a frequent interchange of visits on Sundays, when all gathered at the Old South, and on training days and town-meetings.
"A town becomes a true home for men through its history, not less than by reason of its physical and social features." Every family native to the Farms had historical traditions in common with every other at the Centre, and thus, though in a measure territori- ally distinct, the people resident here were individu- ally members of one and the same great family ; their interests and their traditions were identical. But the time had come when a new element was to be intro- duced, and this was when the first "summer-boarder" appeared, about the year 1840. It does not appear that our ancestors were heedless of the attractions nature had so lavishly spread around them ; but, in the stress of their life of toil, these may have seemed of secondary importance. At all events, though the superlative beauty of their environment may have asserted itself, and they may have unconsciously imbibed that love for nature now inherent in their descendants, yet they did not, perhaps, attach the importance to it that should have prevented them from parting with their priceless heritage. The consequent hardships of successive wars, and the perpetual struggle for existence, inevitably the lot of the pioneer, had impressed upon them rather the value of substantial gain, than that of a beautiful landscape. In a word, this "fatal gift of beauty," which was to them a thing imponderable, attracted strangers to their birthright, and it passed from their possession.
The first, or one of the first, who took up residence at the Farms for the summer season was John G. Kiog, as early as 1840, who bought, in 1844, the John MI. Thissell place at Mingo's Cove. He boarded with Isaac Prince, then occupying the farm now
known as the "Paine Place." Early in the eighteenth century, this one hundred-acre farm was inherited by Anna Woodbury, daughter of Benjamin Wood- bury, who married Rev. John Barnard, of Mar- blehead She willed it to the children of her kins- woman, Anna Woodbury, wife of Samuel Swett, who sold it to Josiah Ober, whose heirs sold it to Isaac Prince, and he to Chas. C. Paine, whose wife was one of the Swett family above mentioned. Mr. Paine subsequently bought the entire property, paying six thousand dollars for it. From this farm, it is said, have been sold estates to the amount of two hundred thousand dollars, and with a portion of perhaps equal value still remaining.
Nearly cotemporary with Mr. Paine was Charles G. Loring, who bought the farm of Benjamin Smith, and built the first house thereon for summer resi- dence.
Patrick T. Jackson and Franklin Dexter were other early visitors who purchased shore estates about this time, and in 1846 Messrs. Haven, Neal, Cabot and Lee. A little later the Sohiers, Lowells, Pick- mans, Lawrences and Burgesses became dwellers here.
Thus the Beverly shore, says a recent writer, "was probably the first in New England to be sought for summer homes. Its southerly exposure, the coast line trending nearly east and west, gives it a matchless summer climate. The prevailing winds of the warm months-those from the southwest-elsewhere bearing a parching heat, are here wafted across the salt floods of Salem Bay, filled with a delicious and invigorating freshness.
The hills and woods, rising directly from the shore, also break the force of the harsh winds from the northerly quarters. In consequence, many of the summer residents come as early as possible in the sea- son and often linger late in the fall, enjoying the quiet drives amidst the autumnal glories of the Essex woods, until even the rich hues of the oaks have changed to a uniform dry brown, under the blighting touch of the frost.
Sailing along the coast on. a pleasant summer day, one sees a moderately high reach of hills sloping gracefully back from the sea. The deep water per- mits a near approach to the land, so that in the dense foliage masses which often come close down to the water's edge and give to this shore a luxuriant aspect quite exceptional in New England coast scenery south of the spruce-clad capes of Maine, may be distin- guished the intermingling hues of pines and oaks and the other deciduous trees, whose light leafage relieves the sombreness of the evergreen masses. Bold pro- montories jut out into the water, the waves ceaselessly tossing up white greetings at their feet, and between the cliff's stretch intervals of glittering beach, with smooth, green lawns reaching far back into the shad- owy recesses of forest glades. All along this shore stand the beautiful villas; not huddled in vulgar promiscuousness, as at popular shore resorts, nor
750
HISTORY OF ESSEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.
drawn up in showy dress parade, as at Newport ; but disposed in the easy attitudes of a high-bred com- pany, thoroughly assured of its place in the world, and neither eager for prominence nor solicitous about privacy. Empowered in the woodlands, occupying castle-like heights, or standing out amid sunny lawns with the dignified repose surrounding them of broad verandas, there are few of these houses that are not in admirable keeping with their surroundings.
A drive over the beautiful roads that meander in easy grades over the diversified region has a charm equally great with sailing the shore. Not so much is seen of the villas themselves as from the water, for they mostly stand retired from the highways, and only approached hy pleasant avenues.
Few places could be found affording such a multi- plicity of romantic sites; there might be almost a surfeit of picturesqueness, were not the variety so great that every turn, every new view, reveals a fresh charm. In short, the lavish disposition of nature and the costly efforts of art have together made of the Beverly shore a region that approaches the ideal of an earthly paradise as nearly as is possible in this part of the world.
One rolls over the smooth roads among blooming gardens and wide lawns, with broad reaches of the bay visible between splendid houses. A turn of the way, and the natural forest incloses the scene, and the air, just redolent with the fragrance of blossoming shrubs, is now filled with the tonic breath of the pines. Again, reaching a slight elevation, the sea comes into sight, framed by a wild margin of rocks and trees.
And so the enchanting picture continues in scores of lovely glimpses, until it seems as if nature's port- folio would be exhausted of its novelties. Life on the Beverly shore during the season has a character quite distinctive, and very different from that of the usual summer resort, as may be inferred from the character of its population. This is composed chiefly of lead- ing Boston families, with a few from neighboring Salem, and some permanent residents of Beverly- whose ancestry, like that of the Endicotts, is identi- fied with the founding of the town-nearly all more eminent for social position and culture than for wealth ; which, however, needs be considerable to en- able residence in such a place."
CENSUS OF TOWN OF BEVERLY FOR 1885.1
(Courteonsly furnished in advance of publication by the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics.)
OCCUPATIONS. Mules.
NUMBER.
Government.
32
Professional
53
Clergymen
14
Other " professional "
39
1 This table shows the arrangement by "Classified Occupations" (in italics), with detail for certain classes by principal lines of occupation. Also, the "Explanatory Note," defining the distribution of the people into classes of occupations, that is, those having related occupations, as, for Ceosns purposes, all persons are supposed to be "occupied."
OCCUPATIONS.
NUMBER.
Domestic Service.
64
Coachmen and servants (in families). 53
Other "domestic service " 11
Personal Service. 44
Trade 356
Merchants and dealers.
141
Salesmen
43
Book-keepers and clerks. 114
Other "trade "
58
Transportation. 208
Drivers of delivery wagons.
25
Livery stable keepers and employes ...
29
Officials and employes of express companies.
26
Teamsters.
32
Steam railroad employés
61
Mariners (sailing)
23
Other "transportation "
12
Agriculture.
355
Farmers
122
Farm laborers
174
Florists
10
Gardeners and garden laborers.
47
Other "agriculture"
9
Fisheries
57
Fishermen
55
Other "fisheries "
2
Manufactures.
2,569
Shoe-factory operatives
1,001
Carpenters 161
62
Masous and plasterers,
13
Painters
49
Bakers
22
Morocco Workers
30
Blacksmiths ..
24
Other "manufactures "
207
Mining.
2
Laborers.
153
Apprentices.
7
Children at Work
4
Scholars and Students
798
Retired
136
Afflicted, etc ..
20
Unemployed (12 months)
19
Dependents
32
At Home.
420
Not Given
20
Total males. 4,349
Females.
Government.
1
Professional.
64
Teachers.
55
Other "professional"
9
Domestic Service.
2,751
1Tousekcepers
39
Housewives
2,009
Housework
475
Servants (in families).
214
Other " domestic service "
14
Personal Service ...
37
Trade
32
Book-keepers and clerks.
25
Other " trade "
7
Transportation
1
Manufactures ..
514
Shoe-factory operatives.
402
Dressmakers
47
Milliners.
9
Oil-clothing makers
20
Seamstresses
12
Tailoresses
9
Other "manufactures"
16
Children at Work 1
Scholars and Students
797
Masoos
751
BEVERLY.
OCCUPATIONS.
NUMBER.
Retired.
24
Afflicted, etc. 29
Dependent.
38
At Home
436
Not Given.
112
Total females.
4,837
EXPLANATORY NOTE.
Government .- Persons engaged in the service of the national, state and city governments, or in the U. S. army and navy.
Professional .- Persons connected with religion, law, medicine, litera- ture, nrt, music, nmnsements, education and science.
Domestic Service .- Persons concerned or employed io the hotel, board- ing and lodging service, housewives, persons engaged in bonse work (without remuneration, generally in own family), housekeepers and do- mestic servants.
Personal Service .- Persons who render personal service, as barbers, boot-blacks, carpet-cleaners, companions, janitors, matrons, nurses, stew- ards, usbers, valets, washer-women, watchers, watchmen, etc.
Trade .- Merchants und dealers, salesmen, book-keepers, clerks, agents, bankers, brokers, messengers, porters, etc.
Transportation .- Carriers on roads, steam railroads, seas and rivers.
Agriculture .- Farmers, farm laborers, gardeners, persons engaged in the care of animals, etc.
Fisheries .- Persons engaged in the fisheries.
Manufactures .- As specified.
Mining .- Persons employed in mines, quarries, pits, etc.
Laborers .- General dey laborers.
Apprentices -Learning trades.
Children at Work .- Children of legal school age (ten to thirteen) who both work and go to school or work only.
Scholars and Students .- Public and private school scholars, persons at college, or studying special branches, as luw, dentistry, medicine, etc. Retired -Persons retired from active business.
Afflicted, etc .- Persons suffering with acute or chronic diseases, blind, denf, dumb, maimed, lame, iosane, idiotic, and other afflicted persone and paupers and homeless children.
Cuemployed (12 months) .- Persons not employed at their accustomed occupation at all during the census year.
Dependents (in Private Families) .- Relatives or other persons more or less dependent for support.
At Home -Children too young to go to school.
Not Giren -Young persons or adnlts, of working age, who, for some reason, bave no occupation.
MANUFACTURES OF BEVERLY, FROM CENSUS OF 1885.
Capital invested (value)
$1,327,218
Stock or material used (value).
2,401,867
Goods made and work done (value)
4,412,647
Males employed (number)
1,727
Females employed (number).
987
Total
2,714
Average honrs, day's work, adult quale.
10.1
Average yearly working time (days)
29316
Day hands (number).
842
Piece hands (number)
1,779
Salaries paid (amount)
$34,954
Wages paid (amonut)
$1,174,539
Machinery (valne)
122,540
LIBRARIES. Number and ralne of books and circulation.
Number of
Libraries.
Manu-
scripts.
Bonnd Books.
Total.
Valne Circula- tion. of Books.
Beverly
12
27
16,649 16,676 16,354
54,220
Secular
2
11,017 11,017
12,400
25,000
Town public.
1
10,017| 10,017
12,0001
22,000
Private circulating.
1
1,000
1,000
400
3,000
Religious.
10
27
5,632
5,659
3,954
29,20
Snoday-school
10
27
5,632
5,659
3,954
29,220
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
Number of Bnildgs
Buildings.
Property.
Beverly
9
$100,000
$1,000
PRIVATE SCHOOLS.
KIND OF SCHOOL.
Total. Own'd Hired.
Build'gs Owned. property
Beverly
1
1
...
110
Incorporated
1
1
...
...
...
I One school kept in a hired room.
PRIVATE SCHOOLS.
By name and dates of establishment and incorporation.
NAME OF SCHOOL.
Date of Establishment.
Date of Incorporation.
Kindergarten (Fannie R. Kilhanı) ... New England Industrial School for Deaf Mutes ....
1881
1879
1879
MARRIED WOMEN AND MOTHERS : CHILDREN, ETC.
NATIVE AND FOREIGN BORN.
Married women
Number of
Children.
Children
Children
not living
Children.
Children
living.
Children
not living.
Beverly
2,319, 398/
306
1,9/1 1,539 382
7,211 5.553
5.013 3,837
2,198 3.75 2.61 1,716
3.61 2.49
1 12
Native born .. Foreign born
1,845 474
92
1,658
1,176
482
4.34 3.08
1.26
TOTAL ILLITERACY.
SEX,
Native.
Foreign.
Total.
Number
Per cent
Beverly
6,401
1,302
7,703
211
2.74
Males.
3.082
527
3,609
73
2.02
Females
3,319
775
4,094
138
3.37
DEGREE OF ILLITERACY, ETC.
Born in Massachu- setts.
Other Native Born.
Foreign Born.
Aggregates
AGE PERIODS.
M
F
T
M
F
DI
F
M
F
T
Beverly
14
21
35
4
5
9
55
112 167
73 138 211
3
G
1
I
2
8
27
35
12
31
43
20 to 29 years.
2
7
1
3
3
3
3
6
30 to 49 years.
1
1
1
1
6
14
20
6
16!
22
5.) years and over ...
1
2
3
2
3
4
7
47
85 132
61 107 168
10 to 13 years.
1
2
3
3
3
6
...
1
3
16
37
53
19
39, 58
50 years and over ...
5
10
15
1
3
4
20
38|
58
26
51 77.
2
4
5
9
1
2
3
...
...
...
9
17
10
10
20
30 to 49 years
1
1
2
...
1
1
12
3
12
15
Neither read nur write 11
18
14 to 19 years ..
20 to 29 years
without children.
MARRIED WOMEN HAVING CHILDREN.
Total married women
Total Number of- Average No. of
women.
living.
5,100 5,100 ...
10
Unincorporated .
NUMBER OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS.
VALUE.
School
100
-
NUMBER OF BOOKS.
KIND OF LIBRARIES.
Cannot write,
..
...
...
2
1
3
1.14
POPULATION : Ten years of age and over.
ILLITERATES.
VALUE.
752
HISTORY OF ESSEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND PROPERTY.
PRODUCTS.
Animal Products.
Quantity. Value. $13,076
Beeswax (usc).
pounds,
5
1
C'alf-skins.
10
8
IIides
9
14
Honey
pounds,
371
94
Manure
.. cords,
1,67112 12,955
Pelts
5
4
Clothing, Needle-work, etc.
$7,513
Boots (including " work on "). .pairs,
9,070
3,612
Crocheted goods (sale)
...
Mats (sale).
2
1
Mittens (sale).
pairs,
15
8
Shoes (including "work on "). ... pairs,
9,950
3,887
Dairy Products.
$57,729
Butter (sale).
pounds,
2,665
999
Butter (use)
.. pounds,
2,476
Cheese.
.pounds,
40
Cream
.gallons,
332
Milk
.gallons, 303,719
54,882
Hay, Straw and Fodder.
$33,751
Hay, clover tons,
24
419
Hay, English
tons,
1,308
24,856
Hay, meadow
tons,
13912
1,690
Hay, millet
tons,
64
569
Pickles (use).
barrels,
1/
Vinegar (sales).
gallons,
1,530
330
Vinegar (use)
gallons,
175
37
Straw .tons,
4
82
Fodder, barley
tons,
34
303
Fodder, corn
.tons,
674
2,871
Fodder, dry
tons,
25
274
Fodder, oat
tons,
12234
1,115
Cabbage plants.
31,400
Tomato plants
733
2.14
Beets (for stock).
bushels,
2,052
481
Turnips (for stock) .bushels,
1,693
443
Meals and Game.
$3,603
Beef.
.pounds,
8,395
617
Pork
.. pounds,
29,055
2,895
Veal
... pounds,
785
5)
Game, wild.
.pounds,
25
10
$12,291
Eggs
.dozeu, 37,299
9,115
Vegetables.
$57,917
Asparagus.
bunches,
4,130
471
Beans,
bushels,
166
406
Beans, string and shell,
.bushels,
566
536
Beet greens
.bushels,
25
60
Beets
bushels,
1,530
786
Cabbage greens
bushels,
20
10
Cabbage
heads, 379,680
25,061
Carrots.
bushels,
3,672
1,122
Cauliflower.
.heads,
560
116
Celery
.bunches,
8,710
714
Corn, green
bushels,
4,382
2,382
Cucumbers
bushels, 2
86
84
Posts, fence (sule)
25
Posts, fence (use)
40
4
Lettuce
.heads,
1,901
137
Onions
.busbels,
3,989
3,638
Parsley
bushels,
37
37
Parsnips
bushels,
293
207
Pease,
bushels,
66
72
lotbed mats (nsc).
90
95
Potatoes
bushels,
21,351
11,364
Munure, sea,
.cords,
37012
790
Pumpkins
.. pounds,
5,400
29
Radishes
bunches,
100
4
Rhubarb.
.. pounds,
590
40
Spinach.
.bushels,
336
83
Corn, Indian.
busbels,
2,502
1,510
Squashes.
pounds, 437,920
4,681
Corn, pop.
bushels,
2291/2
305
Tomatoes,
bushels,
1,109
574
Onts ...
.bushels,
127
83
Turnips, table.
bushels,
961
445
Rye
bushels,
96
76
Not classified
....
3,384
Fruits, Berries and Nuts.
$6,164
Apples. .bushels,
7,401
2,314
Barberries.
.bushels,
11%
3
Blackberries
quarts,
1,139
174
Blueberries.
.quarts,
3,390
295
Cherries.
bushels,
121/2
23
Citron
.pounds,
150
15
Crab-apples.
.bushels,
7
11
Cranberries
barrels,
521/2
225
Currants.
.quarts,
916
87
Grapes ..
bushels, ?
481/2
54
Grapes.
.pounds, S
671
63
Melons.
5,312
601 7
Peaches
bushels,
5
Pears.
bushels,
7721/2
658
Plums
bushels,
3
5
Quinces.
.bushels,
151%
35
Raspberries
quarts,
4 0
81
Shellbarks
bushels,
2
4
Strawberries
.quarts,
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