USA > Massachusetts > Franklin County > Northfield > History of the town of Northfield, Massachusetts : for 150 years, with an account of the prior occupation of the territory by the Squakheags : and with family genealogies > Part 31
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Y' humble fervants
JONA BELDING SAMUEL HUNT NATHANIEL MATTOON SETH FIELD JOSHUA LYMAN NEHEMIAH WRIGHT PHINEHAS WRIGHT
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The Last French and indian War.
It does not appear that this petition produced any effect. The small detail of men for garrison duty, under Serg' Allen, was con- tinued till Oct. 18, with the following list of names : William White, Elijah Sheldon, Benj. Wells, Reuben Belding, James Bodman, Medad Field, Nathaniel Dickinson, Abraham Wells, Zechariah Gil- son, Amos Tute. Mar. 23, Col. Williams sends the following order to Lieut. Hawks about posting these soldiers :
" Poft the men at Northfield at two garrifons, or at one if the inhabitants defire it: in either cafe they are to be removed from one garrifon to another fo that the four inay fhare alternately in the advantage. They muft watch and ward, if defired. I expect the inhabitants to affift them, and that punctually. If ftationed at one fort only, the foldiers may well perform the whole duty of watching and warding. Confidering the fewnefs of foldiers, I cant think you can tend more than one garrifon at a time, and afford a fufficient guard for the peo- ple at their labor."
The policy of the government, acting under the advice of the British generals, appears to have been, that the provincial regiments should be required to furnish their full quotas of men under pay for the lead- ing expeditions ; and at the same time the local militia should guard their own frontiers, without expectation of reward. This plan was effectual to fill the marching regiments, and garrisons ; but it greatly de- moralized the home forces, and disheartened the people.
The plan of the campaign of 1756 embraced the reduction of the forts at Crown Point and Niagara. But through the incapacity of the British commander, Gen. Abercrombie, "the summer passed in fruitless labor."
An army of 7000 men was raised - by far the larger part in Massa- chusetts - and mustered for the expedition against Crown Point. The command of this force was given to Major-General Winslow of Massachusetts. But his march was delayed by obstacles ascribed to the improvidence of Abercrombie.
What was going on nearer home will appear from the following letters :
Northfield June 7, 1756.
This evening a polt from Winchefter informs that the Indians have taken Jofiah Fofter, his wife and two children from the Bow in Winchefter, about 10 o'clock in the morning as 'tis conjectured ; though not difcovered till the fun about two hours high this evening. The houfeis rifled and a hog killed at the door. The man and a child tracked from the houfe with the Indians. The num- bers cannot be afcertained, but fuppofed to be about 6 or 8 in all.
SETH FIELD."
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History of Northfield.
Letter from Col. Ifrael Williams.
Hatfield, July 13, 1756.
" Many of the people on the frontiers work in jeopardy of their lives every hour ; none to guard or defend them, but at their own coft. Their fituation is very diftreffed. Many of the militia of my regiment have freely ranged the woods, and gone to the relief of their neighbors in diftrefs. I make no doubt the enemy have difcovered this and thereby been intimidated : But they dont think it's reafonable to employ their whole time that way without any reward from the public, which they are told they muft not expect. I fee not but the enemy are likely to dwell amongft us, to harafs, vex and ruin us ; unlefs some other meafures are foon gone into." * ·
Among the men in the service this year are the following - mostly Northfield names : In Capt. Fairbanks Moor's company at No. 4, June 21 to April 11, '57, Benoni Wright, Uriah Morse, Gideon Shattuck. In Capt. John Burk's company, Crown Point expedition, Simeon Knight, Zadock Wright, Elias Bascom.' In Capt. William Lyman's company Sept. 10, to Dec. 11, John Alexander, Miles Alexander, Samuel Mattoon.
Muster-roll of Capt. John Catlin 2d's Co., in fervice at the weftward Od. 13, to Dec. II.
Capt John Catlin 2d,
Jona. Belding,
Elijah Mitchell,
Lieut. Phinehas Wright,
Bildad Andros, Jofeph Catlin,
Sergt. Jofeph Smead,
Philip Mattoon, Seth Catlin,
Nath1 Dickinfon,
Samuel Hunt Jr., John Hawks Jr.,
james Corfe, Reuben Wright,
Phin. Mun,
Mofes Bafcom,
Jofeph Rugg, .
Mofes Wright,
Pedajah Field Jr., John Petty,
Agrippa Wells,
Samuel Belding,
William Orvis,
Simon Stevens,
Eldad Wright,
Samuel Smith,
Thos Alexander,
Simeon Alexander,
Sam1 Merriman,
Auguftus Wells.
John Holton,
Mofes Stebbins,
Owing to the discouragements and derangement of business inci- dental to the war, Northfield had neglected to raise money for a school for two years. The matter coming to the knowledge of the county court, a precept was issued, and served on the town. Aug. IO, a town meeting was called, " to choose an agent to answer to a complaint made against our town for not having a school master to teach our children to read and write."
' Meses Bascom certifies, that in Sept. 1756, he brought Elias Bascom home from Fort . Edward on a horse.
.
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The Last French and Indian War.
ZEBEDIAH STEBBINS AND REUBEN WRIGHT .- Notwithstanding the dangers and alarms, some of the farmers undertook to cultivate their out-lands this year. Joseph Stebbins (whose removal to his log house up near the great bend was narrated on page 277) put in crops on his newly broken lands, while his family lived at Evens's stockade across the river. August 20, Zebediah Stebbins and Reuben Wright went up from Northfield, to work on their lots near Stebbins's Island. Just as they started to return, they were assaulted by a small party of Indians in ambush. The leading facts of the encounter are given in a letter written the next day :
" Northfield Aug. 21, 1756. To Maj. Williams, Deerfield,
Sir : As two of our Northfield men, viz : Zebediah Stebbins and Reuben Wright, were returning from their labor laft night about fun half an hour high, a little below Jofeph Stebbins's .Ifland, an Indian laying in the path 6 or 7 rods before them, fired and fhot Wright through the right arm between the Shoulder and elbow. They turned and rode back 3 or 4 fcore rods and halted, when the enemy immediately came up and fired a fecond gun at them. The men then perceived that there were not more than 3 or 4 Indians ; but ftill rode back a few rods and itopped to have the Indians come up (though they had but one gun). In a minute an Indian came in fight in the path, when Stebbins fired, and the Indian fell and cried out. Stebbins and Wright made off as fatt as they could.
The Indians were after Jofeph Stebbins, as 'tis fuppofed, who was at work at his houfe, and who faw 3 of the enemy follow' our men. Some of our farmers had in too much hafte got out to their homes : but we fee that we are ftill in danger, and I hope we fhall take warning and ftand better on our guard.
Y' humble ferv',
SETH FIELD."
Tradition adds some particulars to this official statement. Reuben Wright was a daring, go-ahead man, and noted as a furious rider ; he would never break his horse from a gallop even when he was lighting his pipe with steel and flint. His neighbor was just the reverse. But this morning Stebbins was up first, and called for Wright before he was ready to start ; and all the way up to the great bend was in a hurry, taking the lead. When they started, near sundown, to return, Wright took the lead as was his habit ; and received the Indian's fire. He had the only gun, and tried to return the fire, but could not raise the piece with his wounded arm. After the second shot, Stebbins took the gun, and after retreating some distance and out of sight of the enemy, both turned into the thicket. Presently the head of an Indian appeared over a swell in the road. The savage appeared to
298
History of Northfield.
be looking for traces of blood, and was so intent that he did not raise his eyes till he received Stebbins's ball in his breast, when he leaped into the air and fell backward. A pool of blood was found there the next day.
The three Indians were watching Joseph Stebbins, who- with two boys was taking up oats near his house. When he heard the first gun he snatched up one of the lads, took him upon his back, ran to the river and crossed just above Pomeroy's island to Evens's stockade. The other boy hid in the bushes. The Indians passed close to him but did not detect his hiding place. He was almost dead with fright, so that when the party from across the river came to search for him, he could not move towards them, and when they called it was a long time before he could answer.
THE FALL OF OSWEGO .- While Gen. Winslow was delayed in his intended movement on Crown Point, the French under Montcalm invested the English fort at Oswego, on the south side of Lake Ontario ; and after a short siege took it August 14. Our loss was 1700 men - Shirley's and Pepperell's regiments - 7 armed vessels carrying from 8 to 18 guns each, 200 bateaux, 107 cannons, 14 mortars, 730 muskets, besides stores. Many of the prisoners were massacred by the Indians, and the rest were sent to France.
Anxiety about the plans of the victorious Montcalm led the Massachusetts authorities to issue orders about the first of October for impressing men from the militia, to go to the support of the army under Maj. Gen. Winslow. The following were impressed out of the Northfield Foot company : Corp. Thomas Alexander, Moses Evens, Ebenezer Field, Samuel Field, Eliphaz Wright, Amzi Doo- little, Samuel Stratton, Philip Mattoon, Alexander Norton, Asahel Stebbins, Jona. Hunt, Samuel Orvis, Daniel Brooks, Amasa Wright, Benj. Miller, Reuben Wright, Thomas Elgar .- As soon as the draft was completed, Capt. Seth Field wrote the following letter to Col. Israel Williams :
" Northfield Oct. 5, 1756.
Sir : The men impreffed are the ftrength and fupport of the town : Many of them with great families, and under the moft difficult circumftances to leave, efpecially in the frontiers ; but I am obliged to take fuch or none. Our people are in the utmioft diftrefs at the thought of having this town ftripped of the firft men in it, and there is a general backwardnefs amongft the men to go and leave their families in fuch fituation and under their difficult circumftances ; for as foon as they leave the town we fhall be able to make but a faint refiftance againft the enemy and muft lie at his mercy. We have indeed forts, and but a few feeble men to guard and defend them. Pity and compaffion cries loud
299
The Last French and Indian War.
for an exemption from the double burden lying on the frontiers, and efpecially poor Northfield who has been wafting away by the hand of the enemy thefe ten years paft.
Sir, begging your favor for the diftreffed town, I am Yr humble fervt,
SETH FIELD. "
Oct. 5. Lieut. Parker, an express, brought a letter from a captive in Canada, to Col. Hinsdell, to be forwarded with all possible speed to Capt. Seth Field, desiring he will forward it to Col. Williams at Hatfield. All that is known of the contents is from the following note by Col. Hinsdell : " While the Express is refreshing himself I only minute the express to me, informing that said captive says he knows many of the captives taken from these parts : That James Johnson with his wife and two youngest children are in gaol at Quebec : That those taken at How's are all well : That Foster's family got well to Canada : That there are a vast number of captives in Canada, and that they are scattered about at labor in the place of the French gone to the war. That the French officers much ridicule our officers for giving up Oswego so soon. That the Indians were . very backward in going to the war before they took Oswego, but are now one and all engaged with the French."
Sergt. Joseph Allen with II men was posted at Northfield from Oct. 19, to Jan. 23, '57.
1757. This was a year of disasters to the English, and was re- membered throughout the colonies, for three generations, as the year of " the great alarm about the taking of Fort William Henry."
The principal event of interest in the Connecticut valley, was the attack by a large force of French and Indians, April 19, on No. 4. There was only a handful of soldiers - among whom was Benoni Wright of Northfield, at the fort. And that morning, Ens. David Farnsworth, Bradstreet Spafford, and Samson Colefax went to work at the mill ; Dea. Thomas Adams, William Porter, and Jacob Sartle went out in the woods to the sugar camp ; and Asa Spafford, George Robbins, John Grandy, and Asahel Stebbins went hunting.
The attack was made on the party at the mill, where they took Colefax and Farnsworth. After burning the mill, the Indians went for the sugaring party, and captured Dea. Adams; and afterwards they secured Robbins and Asa Spafford.' Farnsworth and Robbins returned ; the others died in Canada.
In the course of the preceding winter, Capt. John Burk had raised
1 The Williams Papers, in Mass. Hist. Soc. Library.
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History of Northfield.
a large number of men, to be employed in the ranging service. The company was mustered March 2; and the roll contains the names of 55 men, though the average number in service at any one time was about 45. Among the names are the following :
Capt. John Burk, Fall- town
Rufus Brown, Northfield
Lieut. Salah Barnard, Deerfield
Samuel Orvis,
Dan. Corfe
Jacob Elmer
Richard Carey Hatfield
Michael Frizzel
66
Perez Bardwell
Daniel Evans, Hopkinton
Nathaniel Sartle
66
Dilenton Johnfon, Southboro'
Nathaniel Dickinfon
Elijah Reed
Serg' Henry Stiles
Jofhua Newton
Jona. Belding
Timothy Pierce, Framingham
Zechariah Gilfon
Samuel Carley, Marlboro'
Jofeph How Jr.
Jofeph Byram, Bridgewater
Zadock Wright,
Northfield
Thomas Rofe, Montague
Zebediah Stebbins
Seth Rofe
. Ifrael Scott, Gideon Rofe Jr., Scituate
Jonathan Hunt
:: Jonathan Carver Samuel Prefton
Azariah Wright
Willard Sievens
Amos Tute
Lemuel Smead
Serg Samuel Taylor
Simeon King
John Bement Jr.
· Samuel Shattuck
Reuben Petty
William Patterfon
Obed Severance 16
David Patierfon
Ebenezer Stoddard
Mofes Severance
Theoph. Chamberlain
Eliakim Brooks
This company had headquarters at Hinsdell's fort, and at Burk's own garrison, during a part of the spring, and towards the end of summer was ordered to Fort William Henry.
Shammah Pomeroy, Asahel Stebbins and Benoni Wright were in Capt. Catlin's company at Pontoosuck, Aug. 22 to Nov. 4.
A large army was raised, nominally for operations against Crown Point and Ticonderoga ; but by orders of Lord Loudon, then com- manding in the Provinces, the bulk of the forces were drawn off in an expedition against Louisburg - which proved a failure. Only 7000 men - 4000 under Gen. Webb at Fort Edward, and 3000 under Col. Munroe at Fort William Henry - were left for the defence of the northwestern frontiers.
While the English were in this weakened condition, Gen. Mont- calm gathered a French and Indian army of 11000 men, and con- centrated at Ticonderoga. Aug. 3, with 9000 of his best troops, including 1000 Indians, he invested Fort William Henry. For 6
Simeon Knight
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The Last French and Indian War.
days Col. Munroe with an effective force of 2372 men held the great army at bay, constantly expecting aid from Gen. Webb, who was lying only 15 miles distant with 4000 men. But no help came ; and on the 9th, the Fort was surrendered. The defence had been so gallant, that Col. Munroe was admitted to an honorable capitulation ; viz. that his troops should be allowed to march out with the honors of war, retaining their arms, baggage and one field-piece. The articles of the capitulation however, were shamefully broken. The Indians attached to Montcalm's army, without hindrance from the French officers, commenced to plunder the more valuable baggage ; and then to murder both officers and men in cold blood. The numbers thus massacred could never be known ; but it fell little short of 300. Capt. John Burk was seized by the Indians, stripped of arms and clothing ; but being a powerful man threw off his captors, and escaped to the woods, where he passed the night ; and the next day reached Fort Edward. Of his company the following were in the capitulation : Lieut. Salah Barnard, Sergt. Samuel Taylor, Sergt. Henry Stiles, Jona. Belding, John Beamont Jr., Daniel Evans, Zech. Gilson, Joseph How Jr., Dilenton Johnson, Simeon Knight, Reuben Petty, Timothy Pierce, Seth Rose.
This disaster spread consternation throughout Massachusetts. All the militia rushed to arms ; and almost before they could get the governor's orders to march, Col. Worthington's, Col. Williams's and Col. Ruggles's regiments were on the way " for the relief of the army at Fort William Henry." Gov. Pownal issued orders to Sir Wm. Pepperell at Springfield, dated Boston Aug. 13, noon - " If the enemy [Montcalm's forces] should approach the frontiers, you will order all wagons west of the Connecticut river to have their wheels knocked off, and to drive the said country of all horses, to order all provisions that can be brought off, and what cannot, to destroy ; and you will receive this as my order, not to be executed but in case of necessity, and then not to fail to do it. Signed
THOMAS POWNAL."
The militia was out from 7 to 14 days ; when finding that the French general did not pursue his advantage, the companies were ordered home.
The sudden excitement, and forced marches without suitable cloth- ing and provisions and shelter, brought on sickness among the troops. Hospitals were established at Westfield, Sheffield, and other places on the routes westward ; and there was great suffering, and many deaths.
302
History of Northfield.
An incident occurred in Northfield street, during this excitement, which well illustrates the times .- Submit Belding, daughter of Lieut. Jonathan, was engaged to be married to David Keyes of Western (now Warren) Mass. The wedding day was set for the last of August. Early in the summer she went to Hatfield and bought her wedding dress, an English cloth, of scarlet color, and specially fine texture, for the times. This was made up, and laid away. She also wove an extra nice bed blanket. A week before the time set for the wedding, on a clear morning she hung out the dress and blanket on the clothes-line for an airing. Hearing a noise in the yard, she looked out, just in time to see an Indian throwing her pet blanket over his shoulders, and putting her dress under his arm. To her earnest appeal he only grunted " very pretty !" and stalked off towards the Great swamp.
1758. The plan of the campaign for this year included the invest- ment of Louisburg ; and expeditions against Ticonderoga and Fort Du Quesne. The first and last were successful ; that against Ticonderoga was a disastrous failure,- though it was in part com- pensated by the capture of the French fort Frontenac on Lake Ontario.
Massachusetts raised 7000 men for the army.
Capt. John Burk and his company of Rangers were in service, guarding the frontiers, sometimes in garrison and sometimes on the march, from April 15, to Nov. 30. Twenty-six men were posted at Morrison's garrison in Colrain, 10 at the North, and 10 at the South garrison ; 10 at Sheldon's and 12 at Burk's in Falltown ; 12 at Northfield ; 10 at Greenfield ; 10 at Huntstown ; 13 at Hawks's, 15 at Taylor's, 7 at Rice's in Charlemont ; 13 at Stockbridge ; 17 at Pontoosuck ; and Capt. Wyman and the usual number of men at Fort Massachusetts.
The men in garrison at Northfield were : Sergt. Josiah Foster, Daniel Shattuck, Oliver Barrett, Bela Graves, Ebenezer Holton, Solomon Sartwell, Samuel Negus, Ebenezer Harvey, Aaron Petty, Nath' Chamberlain, Jona. Burr.
On the muster-roll of Capt. Salah Barnard's company, Col. William Williams's regiment, March 13 to Dec. 13, for reduction of Canada, are :
Capt. Salah Barnard, Deerfield Jofiah Olds, Northfield
Ens. Thomas Alexander, Northfield
Benj. Emmons Hatfield
Serg' Eleazar Patterfon,
Julius Allis
drummer, Job Smith
Eben" Belding
John Alexander
Eben" Bardwell Jr.
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The Last French and Indian War.
Nathan Beach Northfield
Perez Bardwell Hatfield
Richard Chamberlain
Sam1 Bardwell
Abial Chamberlain
Michael Gilfon
Jacob Elmer
Nehemiah How
Thomas Elgar
Joel Alexander, Amherft
Michael Frizzel
Nath1 Dickinfon, Deerfield
Benj. Miller
David Johnfon, Pelham
Samuel Orvis
Wm Kentfield, Cold Spring
Darius Wadkins
Benj. Knight
Amos Tute
Thomas Stearns
In Maj. John Hawks's company, April 15 to Nov. 16, are the following names : Hilkiah Grout, and Richard Carey, of Deerfield, Benj. Cooley, Miles Alexander and Jona. Field of Sunderland, Shammah Pomeroy of Northampton. On other rolls are found : Moses Wright, Charles Wright, Israel Warner, James Corse, Gad Corse, Simeon Burt, Aaron Field, Stephen Crowfoot.
ENS. ALEXANDER'S DIARY .- Ens. Thomas Alexander kept a diary of the march of his company and all special events, from the time they left Deerfield May 27, to Oct. 31. It has historical value in fixing dates, and giving facts not generally known, and is here copied in all its material parts.
" May 27, 1758. Capt. Barnard received orders to march to Northampton ; and Sunday the 281h went 10 church : Monday the 29th received ftores : Tuef- day the 30th we march edto the Coffee houfe : Wednefday the 3 1ft we marched to Weftfield river. June 3, we marched 18 miles, arrived at Pontoofuck, the way being bad we had a tedious march this day. Sunday the 4th we encamped near the garrifon. Col. Williams and Mr. Woodbridge overtakes us this evening. 5th, we wait at this place for the troops to join us. Jun. 6th, The whole of the regiment join us this day. 7th, Col. Williams marched the whole regiment for Greenbufh, by the way of Cornameag, 13 miles this day. 8th, We marched 15 miles; lodged at a place called Walnut kill. 9th, marched 9 miles, and came to Greenbufh. 10th, received ftores for 7 days. 11th, we marched 6 miles ; encamped near the river above the flats. 12th, we marched 5 miles ; croffed the river at the Half Moon, then marched 5 miles ; lodged at Nanta- wamp. 18th, we marched to Still Water ; encamped in the bufh. 14th, marched this day to Sallytoga 15 miles. 15th, marched to Miller's fort, 7 miles. 16th, marched 10 Fort Edward. 17th, we encamped on the weft fide of the river. 18th, Sunday made a breaft work. 19th, This day a French gentleman came to Fort Edward with a flag of truce ; a bridge of boats was alfo laid over the river 464 feet. 20th, This day the regi- ment got limber for a hofpital. 21ft, received orders to march. 23d, fix companies of Col. Williams's regiment marched to the Half Way Brook.
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History of Northfield.
25th, This day we work at building the fort at Half Way Brook. 26th, the fame. 27th, it rained. 28th, we marched from Half Way Brook to Lake George. 29th, Col. Lyman came to the Lake. 30th, a man was fhot. July 2, Sunday I went on guard. 3d, the General came to view the camp. 4th, we received 6 day's allowance and orders to fail. 5th, we failed from Lake George to Ticonderoga. 6th, we landed the advance guard and took 130 French. 7th, Friday we marched to the mills at the falls. 8th, Saturday we went againft the fort and was defeated. 9th, Sunday we retreated to Fort George. 10th, we received ftores. 11th, we received powder and ball. 13th Thurfday we removed our tents to the back fide of the fort. Sunday the 16th, Mr. Woodbridge preached a fermon to the regiment. 17th, Col. Williams removed his camp to the old encampment. 18th, we threw up a new intrench- ment. zoth, ten men from Lake George going to half way Brook were fired upon by a party of Indians, all killed and fcalped but one ; and thofe in the fort going to affift them were beat back. Loft in the whole 18 and five miffing Sunday the 23d, Mr. Woodbridge preached. 24th, I went a fifhing. 25th a man was hanged for ftealing. Friday the 28th, the enemy laid an ambufh- ment between Fort Edward and half way Brook, and destroyed the teams and the ftores and killed about 20 men. Upon the news Maj. Rogers and Maj. Putnam about one o'clock in the night went out with 700 men to the South Bay to cut off the party, but were too late. Sunday the goth, Col. Lyman with a thoufand men failed to Sunday Point. 31ft, we returned to the advance guard and there received orders to return to a little ifland this fide of firft Narrows and there to fend a party of men to the South Bay. Tuefday the uft of Auguft, we lay on the ifland all day, and the 2d returned to the camp. 4th, I was fent down the lake by the General as far as the firft Narrows with II men, and returned the 5th. Sunday the 6th, Mr. Woodbridge preached. 8th, Maj. Rogers and Maj. Putnam being at Fort Ann on Wood Creek with 700 men were engaged by 500 French and Indians, and they beat them off from the ground and got 52 fcalps and 2 prifoners, and loft 20 men, 50 wounded and 20 miffing. Friday 11th, a flag of truce. Tuefday 29th, on the news of Louifburg being taken, the General ordered the cannon to be fired 63 in all, and the whole army, to itand round the lines and to begin the fire at the Innifkillin regiment, and fo round the whole line three times. 31ft, Col. William Williams's regiment was muftered before the Brigade major. Sunday Sept. 3d, I went with a party to make a breaftwork at the fouth-eaft end of the Lake. Tuefday 5th, I received a letter from Father that gave the account of Afahel Stebbins and wife being taken at No. 4. 8th, I went from Lake George to Half way Brook with Col. Haveling [Haviland] and was ftationed there. Saturday 9th, the picket from Fort William Henry coming to half way Brook, they fent a fmall party to inform the Colonel that they were a coming, was fhot upon by the enemy, one fergeant was killed and one man wounded. 11th, we received flores at half way Brook. 12th, we went to efcort the teams from Fort Edward to Half way Brook. Friday the 22d, we were relieved from half way Brook and returned to Lake George. 24th, I went to efcort the teams
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