USA > Massachusetts > Franklin County > Northfield > History of the town of Northfield, Massachusetts : for 150 years, with an account of the prior occupation of the territory by the Squakheags : and with family genealogies > Part 36
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348
History of Northfield.
1796. Harmony Lodge of free and accepted Masons was esta- blished this year.
1797. NEW SCHOOL DISTRICT .- The town voted that the inhabit- ants included between Beers's mountain west, Roman T north, and the Great swamp east, be set off into a school district.
POST OFFICE .- A post-office was established in Northfield this year, and Solomon Vose appointed post-master. The mail was brought by stage from Worcester once and afterwards twice a week, containing usually not more than half a dozen letters, and 3 or 4 Boston newspapers. Mr. Vose resigned in 1808. His successors have been John Nevers, Samuel C. Allen, William Pomeroy, Daniel Callender, Charles Osgood, William Hastings, George Hastings, Lewis T. Webster.
AQUEDUCT .- Mar. 9, 1797. An act to incorporate Solomon Vose and others Proprietors of an Aqueduct in Northfield.
Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., that Solomon Vose, Medad Pome- roy, Caleb Lyman, Edward Houghton, Eleazar Stratton, Elijah Mattoon, Eliphaz Wright, Josiah White, and Samuel Field, all of Northfield, are constituted a corporation by the name of The Pro- prietors of the Aqueduct in Northfield, for the purpose of conveying water by subterranean pipes in the town of Northfield.
Other sections contain the usual provisions for calling meetings, defining rights and liabilities, etc.
SALE OF SUPERFLUOUS HIGHWAYS .- At a town meeting April 3, 1797, it was voted " to sell the lands in the highways where they are unnecessarily wide." Under this vote, 6 rods in width of the south side of the North Lane to the meadow, was sold May 15 ; Capt. Elisha Hunt purchasing the whole.
In the north road to Warwick, the whole width, i. e. 10 rods, was retained for the distance of ten rods from the town street, for a school-house or other town use ; then for a short distance 4 rods in width, and beyond this 6 rods in width of the south side was sold to Capt. Hunt.
Six rods in width on the north side of the south road to Warwick was divided into five lots, making them 6×12 rods each, and sold in suc- cession, beginning at the town street, to Obadiah Dickinson, Solo- mon Wells, Selah Norton, James Merriam and Phinehas Field.
.
349
Abridged Annals.
OIL MILL .- Near this date Zechariah Field (son of Paul) built a mill for expressing castor and linseed oils, on Miller's brook. He planted large fields of castor beans, as also did Isaac Mattoon and others ; and the business was of considerable account for a number of years. The raising of flax as a common farm crop, at this date, furnished the staple for the linseed oil.
1798. A NEW BELL .- Mar. 5, the town voted, "to purchase a meeting-house bell of between 6 and 700 pounds weight, and to im- prove the old bell in part payment for the new." £100 was raised to pay the balance.
Voted, that liberty be granted to Asahel Stebbins's land joining the town of Northfield commonly called the Clesson Farm, containing 100 acres, to be annexed to the town of Northfield.
Voted, that the land commonly called the Rose. Farm may be an- nexed to the town of Northfield. No further action is recorded in relation to this matter ; but it is known that the owner of the Rose Farm declined the offer.
1799. REV. THOMAS MASON .- The town voted to give Mr. Thomas Mason a call to settle with us in the gospel ministry. Voted to give Mr. Mason an annual salary of $400. Voted to give him a settlement of 250 pounds, to be paid one-half in one year from the date of his ordination, and one-half at the end of 18 months with in- terest. The settlement was granted on the condition that Mr. Mason continue in the ministry in Northfield for the full term of 20 years ; and if he leave before the expiration of that period - the fault being his own in the opinion of a mutual council - he shall pay back to the town such proportion of the 250 pounds as the time falls short of 20 years.
The terms were accepted by Mr. Mason, with the reservation of 4 Sabbaths annually for travel. John Barrett Esq., Elijah Stratton and Solomon Vose Esq. were appointed a committee to unite with the church committee in calling a council and making the necessary arrangements for the ordination. Voted, that the above committee have discretionary power " to make such provisions and arrangements as they shall think necessary for the honor and respectability of the said day."
The ordination took place November 6. The following brief sketch is furnished by a friend of Mr. M. :
Thomas Mason was the son of Thomas and Mary (Baxter) Mason ; born at Princeton Mass., May 28, 1769; graduated H. C., 1796 ; studied divinity with
350
History of Northfield.
Rev. Thomas Prentiss, D.D. of Medfield, Mass. Being possessed of great phy- sical strength and accustomed to use it, he was during the whole of his college life the successful champion in the then customary college exercise of wrestling. At the date of his settlement, his parish embraced the whole town. In the religious controversy which arose in New England during his ministry, he was an early and positive advocate of liberal views and ranged himself with the Unitarians when that sect organized as an independent denomination. Mr. Mason was a man large in stature and of a dignified and commanding presence. He possessed great native vigor both of body and mind. His writings and his conversation displayed originality of thought, a ready wit, and abounded in ex- pressions of marked significance and force."
RESIDENCE OF REV. THOMAS MASON.
In 1820, Mr. Mason was sent as delegate to the convention for revising the state constitution ; was several times a member of the legislature. He was dismissed Feb. 28, 1830.
After the settlement of Mr. Mason, and probably at his suggestion, the town voted " to purchase a Bible for the meeting-house desk." Till this date reading the scriptures was not a part of Sabbath public worship - though many pastors had adopted the practice a few years earlier.
TURNPIKE .- An act for establishing the Fifth Massachusetts Turnpike : Whereas the highway leading from Northfield in the county of Hampshire through Warwick and Orange to Athol, and from Greenfield through Montague and up Miller's river to Athol aforesaid, thence through Gerry, Templeton, Gardner, Westminster, and Fitchburg to Leominster is rocky and mountainous ; and the ex- pense of straightening, making and repairing the same through the said towns so that the same may be conveniently travelled with horses and carriages, is much greater than reasonably ought to be required of said towns :-
351
Abridged Annals.
. Be it enacted, That Timothy Dutton, Elifha Hunt, John Barrett, Edward Houghton, Solomon Vofe, Caleb Mayo, Oliver Chapin, Jofiah Proctor, Oliver Eftey, Samuel Sweetfer, Hiram Newell, Eben' Jones, Jonas Kendall, Philip Sweetfer, Elifha Ball, Caleb Alvord, Jona. Leavitt, Richard E. Newcomb, Solo- mon Smead, Jerome Ripley, Ezekiel Bafcom, Daniel Wells, Calvin Munn, Thomas W. Dickinfon, their affociates and fucceffors be and hereby are con- ftituted a corporation by the name of the Fifth Mafs. Turnpike Corporation, for the purpose of laying out and making a Turnpike road from Capt. Elifha Hunt's in Northfield aforefaid, through Warwick, Orange, Athol, Gerry, Templeton and Gardner to Westminifter meeting-houfe, thence to Jonas Kendall's tavern in Leominfter, and alfo from Calvin Munn's tavern in Greenfield thro' Montague and up Miller's river thro' unimproved lands fo as to interfect the road aforefaid at Athol : Said road to be four rods wide, and the travelled path to be 18 feet wide : to be authorized to erect 5 turnpike gates for collecting the toll, one near where David Mayo keeps a tavern in Warwick, one near the houfe where Samuel Sweetfer keeps a tavern in Athol, one near the line between Gardner and Westminfter, one near the tavern of Jonas Kendall in Leominfter, and one between Greenfield and Athol.
Rate of Tolls : For every coach, phaeton, chariot or other four-wheeled car- riage drawn by 2 horfes, 25 cents ; and an additional fum of 4 cts. for each ad- ditional horfe ; for every cart or wagon drawn by 2 oxen or horfes, 12} cts. and 3 cts. additional for every additional ox or horfe ; for every curricle, 16 cents ; for every chaise, chair or other carriage drawn by one horfe 12} cts. ; for every man and horfe, 5 cents ; for every fled or fleigh drawn by 2 oxen or horfes, 9 cts. ; drawn by 1 horfe, 8 cts. ; for all horfes, oxen or neat cattle led or driven, 1 cent each ; for fheep or fwine, 3 cents for one dozen. Exempts from toll, all perfons paffing to and from public worfhip, or to and from his labor on his farm, or to and from any grift mill, or the common bufinefs of family concerns or on military duty.
The first meeting was to be held at the house of Oliver Chapin innholder in Orange.
The remaining sections relate to the right to purchase and hold land, and confer the usual powers and specify the usual liabilities.
The starting point in Northfield was changed from Capt. Hunt's corner to Houghton's corner.
Before the Turnpike was started, the stage route from Boston to Northfield, was via Shrewsbury, Worcester, Holden, Barre, Peter- sham, Athol, Orange and Warwick. A stage was put upon this route as early as 1789. In 1790, the route was extended to Ben- nington, Vt., via Brattleboro, Marlboro, etc.
1800. The opening of the new century found Northfield wholly recovered from the wastes of war ; with her agriculture in a state of high prosperity, and most of the useful trades and arts well established.
352
History of Northfield.
The products of the soil and of the mills and shops were more than sufficient to meet the home demand, and the surplus was sent to Boston or taken down the river. In public spirit, and amount of business transacted, and in the influence of her leading men, and es- pecially as a focus of legal talent in the persons and offices of John Barrett and Solomon Vose Esqs. (to whom was soon to be added John Nevers), this town fairly divided the honors, if it did not head the list of the towns in northern Hampshire (now Franklin) county.
In addition to the families whose names have been familiar in these annals from the earliest times, others, such as Dutton, Barber, Hough- ton, Moody, Ezekiel Webster, Caleb Lyman, Obadiah Dickinson, Barnabas Billings, and Benjamin Callender had become inhabitants, and added to the moral power as well as the wealth of the place. Some stirring men had died or removed from town, such as Aaron Whitney the miller and trader, Elias Bascom who had a fulling-mill and saw-mill, Nathan Fisk the tailor, and - Miner who had a pottery for the manufacture of brown earthern ware on the river bank at the upper end of Pauchaug. But there was scarcely any art or handicraft promotive of convenience and comfort, which had not its representative in Northfield at this date.
Not to repeat the names of the well known blacksmiths and mill owners - there were John Wotton the nail-maker, Elihu Phelps the cooper, Isaiah Moody the mason, James Merriam and Ebenezer Bancroft cabinet-makers, Asahel Cheney clock-maker, Ebenezer White jeweller, William Belcher tailor, Caleb Lyman and son hatters, Jabez Parsons, Jabez Whiting and Gad Corse tanners and shoemakers, Simeon Boyden and Theodore Holton clothiers, Ezekiel Webster forge works, Shammah Pomeroy saddler, Zechariah Field's oil mill, Barber's, Callender's and Billings's stores, Doolittle's, Hunt's, Dutton's, Houghton's, Field's and Stratton's taverns.
Besides Dr. Medad Pomeroy, and Rev. Mr. Mason, and the two lawyers Barrett and Vose, some of the men now in civil and mer- cantile life had received a collegiate education ; and this fact, while it enhanced their consideration, gave them greater means of influence. Obadiah Dickinson was a graduate of Yale : S. C. Allen was a gra- duate of Dartmouth ; Barnabas Billings was a graduate of Brown University.
The ancient mode of travel on horseback was beginning to give place to wheeled vehicles ; though at this date, what are now known as light pleasure wagons were unheard of. Several Northfield men owned chaises and chariots. As early as 1763, Lieut. Jonathan
353
Abridged Annals.
Belding owned a two-wheeled chair.' In '77 two other chairs or chaises were taxed in town, but by whom they were owned is not known.
In 1800, Caleb Lyman, Obadiah Dickinson, and Edw. Houghton had chaises. Capt. Samuel Smith who lived over the line in Win- chester but attended meeting in Northfield, had a heavy two horse carriage ; and Hezekiah Stratton at the Farms had a two-horse hack.
The three school districts in the centre of the town were this year united into one, and all the scholars gathered in the new school house by Capt. Hunt's corner.
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SCHOOL HOUSE Erected 1800; as it appeared in vacation, 1874
Number of taxable polls, 236 ; total number of inhabitants, 1047.
Record of Annual Town Meeting Mar. 3, 1800. Col. James Lyman moderator ; Ebenezer Janes town clerk; Barnabas Billings town treasurer ; Jabez Whiting constable and collector ; Col. James Ly- man, Capt. Medad Alexander, Walter Field selectmen and assess- ors ; Lewis Page, Lieut. Abner Sawyer, Simeon Alexander Jr., Levi Merriman, Abner Field, Capt. Elisha Hunt, Lieut. Jona. Janes, Nathan Prindle, Aaron Dike surveyors of highways ; Timothy Ly- man, Swan Lyman, Zadock Lincoln, Benj. Callender, Calvin Priest, Barnabas Billings, Calvin Stratton hogreeves ; Lieut. John Holton, Abner Field fence viewers ; Ezekiel Webster sealer of weights and measures ; Philip Mattoon sealer of leather ; Barnabas Billings sealer of lumber ; Capt. Reuben Smith, Rufus Stratton, Jona. Janes,
1 In 1753, there were in all Hampshire county only two private carriages, and these were two-wheeled chairs, one owned by Moses Porter of Hadley, the other by Israel Williams of Hatfield.
354
History of Northfield.
Thomas Alexander Jr. tythingmen. Chose Rev. Mr. Allen, John Barrett Esq., Dea. Dutton, Oba. Dickinson, Elisha Alexander, Ru- fus Stratton, Reuben Smith a committee to inspect the schools in the town of Northfield.
Appropriations : $400 for Mr. Mason's salary ; $300 for support of schools ; $300 for support of the poor ; $400 for making and re- pairing highways ; $50 for the support of singing.
Choristers. The town voted to concur with the singers in the choice of choristers, viz. Xenophon Janes, Phinehas Field, Elihu Phelps and Josiah Fisher.
The votes for governor this year were, Caleb Strong 66, Elbridge Gerry 11, Moses Gill 2.
Pall. Voted to procure a suitable pall to be used in burying the dead.
1801. A school district was set off on the west side of the river, beginning on the river bank at the south line of Lucius Doolittle's south lot in the Fourth Division, and running west to Bernardston line, and including all the inhabitants living north of said line.
THE ORGAN.
" Winchester, Sept. 4, 1801.
To the selectmen of Northfield. Gentlemen :
I have procured a new and complete church organ, which I have intended for the use of the church and congregation in your town. And now beg leave, through you, to make this communication to the inhabitants of Northfield. They will do me a great honor in the acceptance of it ; while I shall be highly gratified in the opportunity of thus expressing my respect and attachment for my native town.
I am, gentlemen, with great respect Y' humble serv
SAMUEL SMITH."
At a meeting called for the purpose, the town voted to accept with gratitude the gift of Mr. Smith.
Xenophon Janes was appointed organist, and was paid $15 a year for his services. Mr. Janes had been a member of the choir since 1787, and continued to be organist and leader till old age. He was fifer to a company in the Shays rebellion ; and played with equal skill the spinet, bass-viol and organ.
1802. A school district, called Capt. Merriman's district, was set off -the south line running from the mouth of Pine meadow brook easterly to the south-east District, and so around Elijah and Phili) Mattoon's land, including Reuben Smith's land in the Second Division, the widow Sibyl Field's land in the First Division, and Walter Field's land on Cow Plain.
355
Abridged Annals.
1807. Elijah Stratton was allowed to fence across Pine meadow road, on condition that he make and keep in good repair a gate.
1809. NEW SCHOOL DISTRICT .- Seth Lyman Jr., Ora Holton, Apollos Beach, John Ball, Chauncey Beach, Adrastus Doolittle, Henry Strobridge, Joseph Beach, Barzillai Woods, Elisha Lyman, Isaac Gregory, William Childs, Salma Alger were set off from the middle or street district and formed into a school district by themselves.
1810. A Methodist church was organized in Northfield this year, and was regularly supplied with preachers till 1844, when it seceded from the Conference. Its leading ministers have been, Rev's. Hum- phrey Harris, Salmon Hull, Elias P. Stevens, Otis Wilder, Zadock King, George Green, Hezekiah B. Collar, Simon E. Fisk and Leonard Frost. Several preachers of note in the denomination have originated in Northfield, as Rev's. J. D. Bridge, H. M. Bridge, P. W. Bridge, H. B. Collar and Elijah H. Field.
BRIDGE - The town voted, To raise $1000 (or twenty shares) to be laid out in building a bridge over Connecticut river in Northfield. Chose Medad Alexander, Henry Field and Samuel Field a committee to subscribe for the 20 shares in behalf of the town, and to superin- tend the expenditure of the money granted. The bridge was built and held by a corporation ; but after standing a few years, was swept away by a spring freshet. Elias Holton put in a horse-boat ferry, near where the bridge 'stood, which continued in use till the present Rail-road and town bridge was erected.
18II. The Northfield Artillery Company was organized this year, and was attached to the First Brigade, Fifteenth Division, Mass. Militia. Capt. Josiah D. Lyman was chosen captain. The town voted to give a piece of land to the commonwealth, upon which to set a Gun- house. This was built in the North road to Warwick, on the first rise of land east of the school-house. The records of this company were returned to the Adjutant-General's office, when the company was disbanded, and are not accessible. Among the commanders were, Capt. Elijah Mattoon, Capt. King Harris, Capt. Richard Colton, Capt. Ira Coy, Capt. - Stratton.
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HEARSE .- The town voted to raise $50 to purchase a hearse for use in carrying the dead to the grave.
1812. New School District. Oliver Wright, Isaac Reed, John Wotton, James Holden Jr., John Holden, Wm. Lewis, William Wright, Thomas Wotton, Sardis Brigham, Adam Jesup, John
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History of Northfield.
Woodard, William Field Jr., Uriah Collar, Nathaniel Stratton and James Reed were set off into a school district by themselves.
The proprietors ot Pauchaug meadow were allowed the privilege of erecting and maintaining a gate at the entrance of said meadow.
At the opening of the war ot 1812, Northfield was the head-quar- ters of the Fifteenth Division of the Mass. Militia, under command of Major General John Nevers, Barzillai Wheeler aid-de-camp. Gen. Nevers came to this town as early as 1805, studied law with John Barrett Esq., and opened an office in 1806 or 7 .. By a rapid rise in his profession and in official favor, he received the appointment of sheriff of Franklin county Oct. 22, 1811, and county attorney Nov. 22 of the same year. He was commissioned Major General in Jan. 1812. For the next 35 years he wielded great influence in the county holding the office of sheriff from 1831 to 1847.
Between 1800 and 1815, some new branches of business were started in this town. Several old firms had disappeared, and some young enterprises had made a vigorous growth. Richard Watriss had extended his father's business and built a triphammer and scythe factory on Miller's brook. Jabez Parsons and Jabez Whiting in company had put in a water-power bark mill on the same stream, to do what before was done by horse-power. Joel Munsell had es- tablished a flourishing manufactory of wagons and wooden plows, the only kind then in use. Isaac Gregory and King Harris had tan-works a short distance south of where the Dickinson monument stands. Calvin Stearns was exercising his trade of carpenter, and Benj. Darl- ing that of blacksmith ; while Webster and the Alexanders fully held their own. Timothy Swan was an accomplished hatter. But the leading firm was Pomeroy, Prior and Bowen, distillers, merchants, and boating.' They were just well started in a business which, though checked by the restrictive war measures, yet steadily grew, and eventu- ally assumed broad proportions, and brought in large gains.
Thomas Power a young lawyer from Boston, and a man of fine taste and public spirit, settled in Northfield in 1812. He was the chief mover and founder of the Social Library, organized Feb. 18, 1813; and in the spring of 1815, set out most of the elms which now adorn the village. Franklin Ripley, so long an ornament to the Franklin county Bar, and widely known as a financier, completed his law studies in the office of John Barrett and was admitted to practice in 1812.
In 1812 or 13, Capt. Elisha Field opened a recruiting office in the north part of the house now owned by Timothy Field, where he
I Ebenezer Janes followed boating for a number of years, but the exact date is not known.
357
Abridged Annals.
enlisted a considerable number of men for the service. The company 'was called the Sea Fencibles, and was afterwards stationed at Fort Independence.
Broom corn, as a field crop, was first raised in town about the year 1813, by Elihu Stratton. The brush was tied into a bundle and a round stick driven in for a handle. The brooms were clumsy affairs ; and it was a long time before the women could be induced to ex- change the Indian or peeled broom, to which habit had accustomed them. In 1855, there were manufactured in town 155,000 brooms, of the value of $27,000.
About this date died Guy, the noted slave of Dea. Timothy Dut- ton. He was a native African, tattooed on both cheeks before his capture. He was full of nonsense, as well as of wit. The sabbath after his funeral, Dea. Dutton and family sent to the desk the usual request for prayers ; and the pathetic allusions to the old and faithful slave, and the earnestness and beauty of Mr. Mason's petitions for the family, were never forgotten by those who heard him.
1814. Sept. 9, orders were issued by Lieut. Col. William Edwards to Capt. Mattoon, " to march the company of Artillery under his command, completely armed with field pieces and apparatus to Boston, without delay, and report himself to the Adjutant-General." The company started from Northfield Sabbath Sept. 1I, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, going through Warwick, Templeton, Lancaster, Waltham, Watertown, Cambridge, and reached South Boston, Sept. 17. They were in service two months.
Muster-Roll of Capt. E. Mattoon's Artillery Company.
Capt. Elijah Mattoon Jr., Lieut. Charles Bowen,
Isaac Gregory,
Elias Holton,
Alanson Hunt,
Sergt. Calvin Stearns,
John Holton Jr.,
Apollos Morgan,
King Harris,
Henry Wright,
Abner E. Whiting,
Sam1 Alexander,
Erastus Field,
Lucius Holton, William Hancock,
" James Hosley,
" John Whiting,
William Norton,
Thomas Lyman,
Corp. Sharon Field,
Elmer Wait,
" Nathan Simonds,
Elijah Shepardson, Arunah Shepardson, John Packard, Aaron Dike Jr., Edw. Nettleton,
Jabez F. Bissell. Drivers. Calvin Stratton,
Ansel Graves. Music. William Hall,
Reuben Lee,
Richard Colton.
. John Fowler,
Adam Torrey,
Thomas Rockwood.
Miner Butler,
\ ' Substitute for Juel Munsell sen.
Matross.
Cyrus Butler,
Micajah Hemenway,
Ellsworth Hunt,
Chapin Holden,
Clark Fowler,
Obadiah Morgan,
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History of Northfield.
.The following men were drafted from the militia, and were out 57 days ; most of them in Capt. Enoch Mayo's Co. :- Sergt. Otis French, Adolphus Lyman, Ezekiel Woods, Isaac Bridge (his father took his place), Thomas Kendall, Charles Reed, Mark Woodard (drafted from Montague), Moses Ellis, James Mattoon, Artemas Moody, Apollos Beach (substitute for Benj. Darling), Oliver Ken- drick (substitute for Horace Holton), George Nettleton, Joseph Perry, Jona. Robbins, Eben' Childs, Solomon Miller, Eben" Dodge.
List of soldiers of the war of 1812, found among the papers of Col. Medad Alexander : Eben" Church, Isaac Reed, Aaron Davis, Joseph Bridge, Joseph Cook, Simeon Mallory, Isaac Kendall, Zadock Turner, (an Englishman), Isaac Johnson, John Fairman, Samuel Presson, Jacob Miller.
Pleasure Carriages taxed in 1814, owned by
Elisha Alexander,
value $40 Gen. John Nevers,
value $75
William Belcher,
30 Wm. Pomeroy, 100
Benjamin Callender,
50 Dr. Sam1 Prentice, 50
Tim. B. Duiton,
40 Levi Sprague,
30
Obadiah Dickinson,
30
Capt. Reuben Smith,
40
Edw. Houghton,
50 Jabez Whiting,
40
Capt. Seth Lyman,
50
Ezek. Webster.
30
Joseph Lyman,
40
1818. Nathan Prindle and 48 others living on the west side of the river petitioned the General Court to be set off into a new town.
HOP-RAISING .- The culture of hops as a field crop, was com- menced this year on the Moose plains, by Abel How. In 1855, 30 acres were devoted to this crop, producing on an average 830 lbs. per acre. Total value $6,225.
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