USA > Massachusetts > Norfolk County > Norwood > Norwood annual report 1890-1895 > Part 28
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4. Divide into syllables the following words : Immedi- ate, grammarian, government, composition, probability, nom- inative.
5. Write statements showing that you know the mean- ing of the words in No. 4.
6. Choose the right word.
1. The (medal, meddle) bore an (ingenuous, ingen- ious) (device, devise).
2. A wise ruler (exceeds, accedes) to the demands of the (populace, populous).
3. The (assent, ascent) of the Ohio tests both (mus- sel, muscle) and (metal, mettle).
7. Express in your own language the thought contained in the following lines : -
" Were half the power that fills the world with terror, Were half the wealth bestowed on camps and courts, Given to redeem the human mind from error,
There were no need of arsenals and forts."
S. Write a letter to Mr. F. O. Winslow, Norwood, Mass., making application for a position as clerk in his office.
9 and 10. Write a brief letter addressed to Mr. H. T. Atwood, stating what advantages you have derived from your school during the year.
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Extracts From the Public Statutes of the Common- wealth.
CHPATER 47.
CONCERNING VACCINATION.
SECTION 9. The School committee shall not allow a child who has not been duly vaccinated to be admitted to or Connected with the public schools.
AN ACT
IN RELATION TO THE EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows :
NO CHILD UNDER THIRTEEN TO BE EMPLOYED. 1
1. No child under thirteen years of age shall be em- ployed at any time in any factory, workshop or mercantile establishment. No such child shall be employed in any indoor work, performed for wages or other compensation, to whom- soever payable, during the hours when the public schools of the city or town in which he resides are in session, or shall be employed in any manner during such hours, unless, during the year next preceding such employment, he has attended school for at least twenty weeks as required by law.
WHEN CHILDREN UNDER FOURTEEN MAY BE EMPLOYED.
2. No child under fourteen years of age shall be employed in any manner before the hour of six o'clock in the morning or after the hour of seven o'clock in the evening. No such child shall be employed in any factory, workshop or mercan- tile establishment, except during the vacation of the public
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schools in the city or town where he resides, unless the person or corporation employing him procures and keeps on file a certificate and employment ticket for such child, as prescribed by Section 4 of this Act, and no such child shall be employed in any indoor work, performed for wages or other compensa- tion, to whomsoever payable, during the hours when the public schools of such city or town are in session, unless as aforesaid, or shall be employed in any manner during such hours, unless, during the year next preceding such employ- ment, he has attended school for at least twenty weeks as re- quired by law, and such employment shall not continue in any case beyond the time when such certificate expires. The chief of the district police, with the approval of the Governor shall have authority to designate any kind or kinds of em- ployment in factories, workshops or mercantile establishments as injurious to the health of children under fourteen years of age employed therein, and, after one week's written notice from the said chief to the employer or his superintendent, overseer or other agent of such designation, no such child shall be employed in any such kind or kinds of employment in any factory, workshop or mercantile establishment.
WHEN CHILDREN UNDER SIXTEEN MAY BE EMPLOYED
3. No child under sixteen years of age shall be em- ployed in any factory, workshop or mercantile establishment unless the person or corporation employing him procures and and keeps on file the certificate required in the case of such child by the following section, and also keeps on file a full and complete list of such children employed therein.
FORM OF CERTIFICATES.
4. The certificate of a child under fourteen years of age shall not be signed until he presents to the person authorized to sign the same an employment ticket, as hereinafter pre- scribed, duly filled out and signed. The certificate and the
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employment ticket shall be separately printed and shall be in the following forms respectively, and the blanks therein shall be filled out and signed as indicated by the words in brackets.
EMPLOYMENT TICKET LAW OF 1888.
When [name of child], height [feet and inches], com- plexion [fair or dark ], hair [color ], presents a certificate duly signed, I intend to employ [him or her. ]
[Signature of intending employer or agent. ]
[Town or city and date. ]
AGE AND SCHOOLING CERTIFICATE, LAW 1888.
This certifies that I am the [father, mother or guardian] of [name of child], and that [he or she ] was born at [name of town or city ], in the county of [name of county, if known], and state [or country ] of [name], on the [day and year of birth ], and is now [number of years and months ] old.
[Signature of father, mother or guardian.] [Town or city and date.]
Then personally appeared before me the above named [name of person signing] and made oath that the foregoing certificate by [him or her] signed is true to the best of [his or her] knowledge and belief. I hereby approve the forego- ing certificate of [maine of child], height [feet and inches], complexion [fair or dark ], hair [color], having no sufficient reason to doubt that [he or she ] is of the age therein certified.
[Signature of person authorized to sign, with official character or authority. ]
[Town or city and date.]
In case the age of the child is under fourteen, the certifi- cate shall continue as follows, after the word "certified" :-- And I hereby certify that [he or she] can read at sight, and can write legibly, simple sentences in the English language,
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and that [he or she ] has attended the [name ] public [or priv- ate ] day school according to law for [number of weeks which must be at least twenty ] weeks during the year next preced- ing this date, and that the last twenty weeks of such attend- ance began [date]. This certificate expires [date, one year later than above date. ]
[Signature of the person authorized to sign, with official character or authority.]
If attendance has been at a private school, also signature of a teacher of such school, followed by words,-certifying to school attendance.
[Town or city and date. ]
In case a child cannot read and write as above stated, the following may be substituted for the clause beginning "and I hereby certify" through to and including the word "language"; "and I hereby certify that [he or she ] is a regular attendant at the (name) public evening school"; but in such case the certificate shall only continue in force for as long a time as attendance of such child at such evening school is endorsed weekly during the session of such evening school, not exceed- ing the length of the public school year minus twenty weeks in place of attendance at day school as now provided by law, with a statement from a teacher thereof certifying that his attendance continues regular. If attendance has been at a half- time school, forty weeks of such attendance must be certified to instead of twenty. The foregoing certificate must be filled out in duplicate, and one copy thereof shall be kept on file by the school committee. Any explanatory matter may be printed with such certificate in the discretion of the school committee or superintendent of schools.
WHO SHALL SIGN CERTIFICATES.
5. In cities and towns having a superintendent of schools, said certificate shall be signed only by such superin-
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tendent or by some person authorized by him in writing; in other cities and towns it shall be signed by some member or members of the school committee authorized by vote thereof ; provided, however, that no member of a school committee, or other person anthorized as aforesaid, shall have authority to sign such certificate, for any child then in, or about to enter, his own employment, or the employment of a firm of which he is a member, or of a corporation of which he is an officer or employec. The person signing the certificate shall have authority to administer the oath provided for therein, but no fee shall be charged therefor; such oath may also be adminis- tered by any justice of the peace.
WHO MAY SIGN CERTIFICATES OF AGE.
6- The certificate as to the birthplace and age of a child shall be signed by his father if living and a resident of the same city or town; if not, by his mother; or if his mother is not living, or if living is not a resident of the same city or town, by his guardian; if a child has no father, mother, or guardian living in the same city or town, his own signature to the certificate may be accepted by the person authorized to approve the same.
PROVISIONS AS TO CORRECT AGE.
7. No child who has been continuously a resident of a city or town since reaching the age of thirteen years shall be entitled to receive a certificate that he has reached the age of fourteen unless or until he has attended school according to law in such city or town for at least twenty weeks since reach- ing the age of thirteen, unless exempted by law from snch attendance. Before signing the approval of the certificate of age of a child, the person authorized to sign the same shall refer to the last school census taken under the provisions of Sec. 3 of Chapter 46 of the Public Statutes, and if the name of such child is found thereon, and there is a material differ- ence between his age as given therein and as given by his
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parent or guardian in the certificate, allowing for lapse of time, or if such child plainly appears to be of materially less age than that so given, then such certificate shall not be signed until a copy of the certificate of birth or of baptismn of such child, or a copy of the register of its birth with a town or city clerk, has been produced, or other satisfactory evidence furnished that such child is of the age stated in the certificate.
DUTIES OF TRUANT OFFICERS AND FACTORY INSPECTORS.
8. The truant officers may, when so authorized and required by vote of the school committee, visit the factories, workshops and mercantile establishments in their several cities and towns, and ascertain whether any children under the age of fourteen are employed therein contrary to the provisions of this act, and they shall report any cases of such illegal employment to the school committee and to the chief of the district police or the inspector of factories for
the district. The inspectors of factories, and the truant officers when authorized as aforesaid, may demand the names of all children under sixteen years of age employed in such factories, workshops and mercantile estabishments, and may require that the certificates and lists of such children provided for in this act shall be produced for their inspection. Such truant officers shall inquire into the employment, otherwise than in such factories, workshops and mercantile establish- ments, of children under the age of fourteen years, during the hours when the public schools are in session, and may require that the aforesaid certificates of all children under sixteen shall be produced for their inspection ; and any such officer, or any inspector of factories, may bring a prosecution against a person or corporation employing any such child, otherwise than as aforesaid, during the hours when the public schools are in session, contrary to the provisions of this act, if such employment still continues one week after written notice
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from such officer or inspector that such prosecution will be brought, or if more than one such written notice, whether relating to the same child or to any other child, has been given to such employer by a truant officer or inspector of factories at any time within one year.
DUTIES OF PARENTS, GUARDIANS AND EMPLOYERS.
9. Every parent or guardian of a child under fourteen years of age who permits any employment of such child contrary to the provisions of this act, and every owner, superintendent or overseer of any factory, workshop or mer- cantile establishment who employs or permits to be employed therein any child contrary to the provisions of this act, and any other person who employs any child contrary to the pro- visions of this act, shall for every such offense forfeit not less than twenty nor more than fifty dollars for the use of the pub- lic schools of the city or town. Every parent, guardian or person authorized to sign the certificate prescribed by Sec. 4 of this act, who certifies to any materially false statement therein, shall be punished by fine not exceding fifty dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding thirty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. A failure to produce to a truant officer or inspector of factories the certificate required by the provisions of this act shall be prima facie evidence of the illegal employment of the child whose certificate is not produced.
10. The expressions "factory" and "workshop" used in this act shall have the meanings defined for them respectively by Chapter 103 of the Acts of the year 1887.
11. Within one month of the passage of this act the chief of the district police shall cause a printed copy thereof to be transmitted to the school committee of every city and town in the commonwealth.
12. Sections 1 to 6, inclusive, of Chapter 48 of the Public Statutes, Chapter 224 of the Acts of the year 1883,
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Chapter 222 of the Acts of the year 1885, and Sec. 1 of Chapter 433 of the Acts of the year 1887 are hereby repealed.
13. This act shall take effect on the first day of July in the year 1SS8. [ Approved May 17, 1888.]
MORAL INSTRUCTION.
SECT. 15. It shall be the duty of the president, profess- ors, and tutors of the university at Cambridge and of the several colleges, of all the preceptors and teachers of acade- mies, and of all other instructors of youth to exert their best en- deavors to impress on the minds of children and youth com- mitted to their care and instruction the principles of piety and justice and a sacred regard to truth; love of their coun- try, humanity and universal benevolence; sobriety, industry and frugality ; chastity, moderation and temperance, and those other virtues which are the ornament of human society and the basis upon which a republican constitution is founded; and it shall be the duty of such instructors to endeavor to lead their pupils, as their ages and capacities will admit, into a clear understanding of the tendency of the above mentioned virtues to preserve and perfect a republican con- stitution and secure the blessings of liberty, as well as to promote their future happiness, and also to point out to them the evil tendency of the opposite vices.
SECT. 16. The resident ministers of the gospel, the se- lectmen and the school committees shall exert their influence and use their best endeavors that the youth of their towns shall regularly attend the schools established for their instruc- tion.
"These provisions of the statutes contain an emphatic expression of the will of the people concerning the introduc- tion of the moral element into all our public instruction. By it the teachers of science, as well as of religion, are enjoined to train the young under their care to the practice of every virtue. This provision, sanctioned and enforced by the popu- lar will, has produced a most marked effect upon the spirit of our educational institutions."
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CHAPTER 198.
AN ACT TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF CONTAGIOUS DISEASES THROUGH THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
Be it enacted etc., as follows :
The School Committee shall not allow any pupil to at- tend the public schools, while any member of the household to which such pupil belongs is sick of small-pox, diphtheria or scarlet fever, or during a period of two weeks after death, recovery or removal of such sick person ; and any pupil com- ing from such household shall be required to present, to the teacher of the school the pupil desires to attend, a certificate from the attending physician or board of health, of the facts necessary to entitle him to admission in accordance with the above regulation.
Approved April 29, 1885.
CHAPTER 48. [AS AMENDED.]
CONCERNING TRUANT CHILDREN AND ABSENTEES FROM SCHOOL.
SECTION 10. Each town shall make all needful provisions and arrangements concerning habitual truants and children between seven and fifteen years of age who may be found wandering about in the streets and public places therein, hav- ing no lawful occupation or business, not attending school, and growing up in ignorance, and such children as persistently violate the reasonable rules and regulations of the common schools ; and shall make such by-laws as shall be most con- ducive to the welfare of such children, and to the good order of such town; and shall provide suitable places for the con- finement, discipline and instruction of such children.
SECT. 12. Any minor convicted under a by-law made under Section 10 of being an habitual truant, or of wandering about in the streets and public places of a city or town, having uo
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lawful employment or business, not attending school, and growing up in ignorance, or of persistently violating the rules and regulations of the common schools shall be committed to any institution of instruction or suitable situation provided for the purpose, under the authority of said section or by-law, for a term not exceeding two years.
CHAPTER 361. [ACTS OF 1821.]
AN ACT RAISING THE COMPULSORY SCHOOL AGE TO FIFTEEN YEARS IN CITIES AND TOWNS WHERE OPPORTUNITY IS GIVEN FOR INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION.
SECTION 1. In every city or town where opportunity is furnished, in connection with the regular work of the public schools, for gratuitous instruction in the use of tools or in manual training, or for industrial education in any form, every person having under his control a child between the ages of eight and fifteen years shall cause such child to attend the public schools during the same number of weeks in each school year during which attendance is now by law required in the case of children between the ages of eight and fourteen years, and subject to the same exceptions ; and for neglect of such duty the person offending shall be liable to the same forfeit- ure, to be enforced in the same manner and subject to the same exceptions as now provided by law in case of neglect to require the attendance of a child between the age of eight and fourteen years.
SFCT. 2. This act shall take effect upon the first day of August in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-one.
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COURSE OF STUDY.
READING.
1. Teach vocabulary of about two hundred words, so that the child can read at sight easy combinations from script representations. First the idea, using objects, pictures, etc., so that the ideas will be vivid in the acts of association. Teach new words slowly, but thoroughly. Keep on the board a list of words learned and review constantly. Require conversational tones and proper phrasing. Do not accept slow, hesitating pronunciation of words. Prompt reading with natural expression is necessary. Use chart after the child has a small vocabulary. Compare printed words with script, so that the child will be able to put into script on the slate what printed stories may be read from the chart.
2. First half of a good First Reader.
SECOND GRADE.
Last half of First Reader and first half of Second Reader of the grade. Do not allow the child to read until he has grasped the thought so as to read the whole sentence with- out hesitation and with expression in natural tone of voice. Introduce phonic drill. Encourage the child to apply it at seat in supplementary readers. Attend closely to pronuncia- tion. Keep a list of words often mispronounced and drill upon them. Simplest form of letter writing. Recitations and memory gems. Teach use of capitals, period and question mark.
THIRD GRADE.
Last half of Second and first half of Third Reader. Phonic drill exercises to enforce clear enunciation, cultivate distinct tones and conversational expressions. Explain abbre- viations and contractions found in lessons. Teach exclamation mark, apostrophe, hyphen, paragraphing, title-page, margin, words alike in sound but of different meaning and orthography.
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FOURTH GRADE.
Third Reader with corresponding reading for sight work. Abbreviations and contractions as in previous grade. Vocal drill to secure exact and proper use of the organs of speech. Special attention to thought of lesson to be given, with a view to full and quick attainment in reading. Give close attention to the reproductions, oral and written, by the pupil.
FIFTH GRADE.
An advanced Fourth Reader. Sight reading to correspond. Teach use of dictionary for definition and pronunciation. Cultivate the power of attention and ability to grasp quickly the thought; this is to be accomplished by silent reading or by careful attention on the part of the child while the selec- tion, never before seen by the child, is being read, and then requiring the child to reproduce it from memory.
SIXTH GRADE.
Advanced Fourth Reader completed. Teach use of dic- tionary for pronunciation and definition. Fifth Reader. The preparation of the lesson by the child will add to its value, and when allowed to question each other greater interest is manifested. Have oral and written exercises on the reading lesson. Give attention to selections from the easier writings of the best authors, having the children read about them.
EIGHTH YEAR.
Each half year the works of some one author will be studied and read. Regular reading of selections bearing upon history, geography, and specimens of other good literature. Selections may be assigned to individual pupils for special preparation, for the purpose of being read or recited to the class. Make reading an exercise to give additional light and interest to other studies and to introduce the study of litera- ture. Constant use of dictionary.
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The object in this grade should be to foster and establish a love for good reading, so that the best is instinctively sought and the mind is strengthened by the wisdom of all ages.
WRITING.
Points to criticize in writing lessons :---
Position-Of body, feet, paper and pen.
Slant-Down stroke, like principles, parallel. Height-Letters properly measured and filling the space. Width-Use u as the measure.
Straight lines-To be straight.
Curved lines-Evenly curved and properly curved.
Turns-As short as can be made with continuous line.
Angles-Do not retrace the first line.
Spacing-Between letters and between words.
FIRST GRADE.
Words and sentences copied from the board; single letters drilled upon in the following order .- i, u, u, n mr x, o a ec, rs, t, dp,lb,hk, f, jy, g , z. Take plenty of time with the i. Teach each letter of a group by comparison with the preceding. All writing shall be between double lines. All copies must be accurately spaced. Script copy to be used. Make copies on the board in the presence of chil- dren that they may see how they are made. See that the child forms each letter in the right way. Use pencil and paper towards the end of the year. Give no particular atten- tion to position and pencil holding at first, but near the end of the year all should be striving for correct position.
SECOND GRADE.
Daily drill in correct formation of small letters and capi- tals. Copies from board of letters, words and sentences. Pupil's name and address. Tracing Book, Nos. 1 and 2, if desired. Position and pencil-holding should be well fixed in this grade. Materials, pencils and paper.
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THIRD GRADE.
Daily drill in correct forms of letters. Materials, pen and ruled practice paper. Tracing Book, No. 3. Particular attention to position and pen-holding. Drill on slant and pro- portions of letters.
FOURTH GRADE.
Drill on slant and spacing of letters and words. Copy Book, No. 4. Try to get correct position and movement.
FIFTH GRADE.
Copy Book, No. 5.
SIXTH GRADE.
Copy Book, No. 6.
SEVENTH GRADE.
Copy Book, No. 7.
EIGHTH GRADE.
Analysis of Writing,
ARITHMETIC.
General directions for all : Insist on well written figures for all grades and neatly arranged work. Make use of con- crete examples and practical problems such as the child will meet in life. The new principle must be taught objectively when possible. New steps must be introduced by short, easy, mental problems with the understanding that no written work is to be required till mental work has made the process famil- iar. Much mental work is to accompany the work in each grade. Develop the use of language, written and oral. Teach principles so thoroughly that no explanation need be given after a set formula. Review in a systematic and thorough
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way the work of a previous grade. Plan your work carefully, arrange it logically, accept nothing but thorough results ; at the same time strive for rapidity. Assign as little home work as possible.
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