USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Douglas > Town Annual Report of the Officers of the Town of Douglas, for the year ending 1951-1957 > Part 25
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Article 24. To see if the Town will vote to raise and appro- priate a sum of money for other exterior repairs to the Simon Fair- field Public Library, including the painting thereof, or to take any other action relating thereto.
Article 25. To see if the Town will vote to raise and appro- priate a sum of money for the purpose of purchasing a truck for the Water Department, and to authorize the Water Commissioners to sell the present truck and apply the proceeds therefor towards the purchase price of the truck to be purchased, or to take any other action in relation thereto.
Article 26. To see if the Town will vote to raise and appro- priate a sum of money for the purpose of painting the interior and the exterior of the Douglas Center Water Department Standpipe, or to take any other action in relation thereto.
Article 27. To see if the Town will vote to raise and appro- priate a sum of money, to be raised in the Tax Levy of 1955, by transfer from available funds or borrowing as provided by Chapter 44, General Laws, as amended, for the purpose of extending the Water Main on Martin Road and Maple Street with a water main of at least six-inches in diameter, or take any other action in relation thereto.
Article 28. To see if the Town will vote to raise and appro- priate a sum of money, to be raised in the Tax Levy of 1955, by transfer from available funds or borrowing as provided by Chapter 44, General Laws, as amended, for the purpose of extending the Water Main on Gilboa Court with a six-inch Main, or take any other action in relation thereto.
Article 29. To see if the Town will authorize the Assessors to use twenty thousand ($20,000.00) Dollars of Free Cash in the hands of the Treasurer to reduce the Tax Levy for the year 1955, or take any other action in relation thereto
Article 30. To see if the Town will vote to extend the time within which the "Special World War II War Memorial Committee" is to make its report, said committee having been authorized by a vote of the Town under Article 27 of the 1954 Annual Town Meeting and instructed to report its findings and recommendation at the 1955 Annual Town Meeting or take any other action in relation thereto.
88
ANNUAL REPORT
Article 31. To see if the Town will vote to raise and appro- priate a sum of money to pay unpaid bills in the following Depart- ments: Health Department, Industrial Schools, School, and Water Department.
Article 32. To transact any other business that may legally come before said meeting.
THE POLLS WILL CLOSE AT EIGHT O'CLOCK P.M.
YOU ARE HEREBY DIRECTED to serve this warrant by posting attested copies thereof at the Post Office at East Douglas and at the Insurance Office, formerly the Post Office at East Douglas, SEVEN days at least before the time of holding said meeting.
HEREOF fail not and make due return of this warrant with your doings thereon, to the Town Clerk, at the time and place of said meeting.
GIVEN under our hands this thirty-first day of January in the year one thousand nine hundred and fifty-five.
ROBERT J. FROST, Chairman HERBERT K. MEEK WILLIAM J. WALLIS Selectmen of Douglas, Mass.
Douglas, Mass., February 2, 1955
A true Copy, ATTEST:
HARRY S. BROWN, Constable of Douglas
ANNUAL REPORTS
OF THE
SCHOOL COMMITTEE AND
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
OF THE
TOWN OF DOUGLAS
S
INCO
46
RE
FOR THE YEAR ENDING
December 31, 1954
3
TOWN OF DOUGLAS
REPORT OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE
The School Committee submits the following report for the financial year ending December 31, 1954.
The appropriation for the Schools amounted to
$103,685.00
The Expenditures amounted to
103,454.27
We received the following reimbursements:
General School Fund
$21,140.39
Union Superintendent's Salary
1,419.36
School Transportation
8,820.25
Tuition and transportation-State Wards
1,314.74
Sale of Supplies
5.77
Insurance Claim
40.00
Tuition from other towns
427.55
$33,168.06
This reduces the Net Cost of the Schools to
$70,286.21
EXPENDITURES OF THE SCHOOL DEPARTMENT For the period ending December 31, 1954
1954
1954
1955
EXPEND-
BUDGET ITURES BUDGET
GENERAL EXPENSES:
Secretary to Superintending School Committee
Miscellaneous School Committee
Superintendent's Salary
$5,500.00
$5,508.16
$5,675.00
EXPENSES FOR INSTRUCTION:
Teachers, High School
20,370.00
19,899.44
22,300.00
Teachers, Elementary
37,950.00
37,854.40
39,400.00
Substitute Teachers
600.00
395.00
600.00
Special Teachers
2,470.00
2,480.46
2,560.00
Home Instruction-Special Class
500.00
106.66
2,000.00
Text Books
2,110.00
2,032.54
2,300.00
Supplies
2,000.00
1,950.93
2,200.00
Visual Education
300.00
122.78
300.00
$66,300.00 $64,842.21 $71,660.00
4
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT
1954
1954
1955
EXPEND-
BUDGET ITURES BUDGET
EXPENSES FOR OPERATION:
Janitors
$7,180.00
$7,285.12
$7,366.00
Fuel
2,800.00
2,879.61
2,950.00
Lights and Power
585.00
630.15
585.00
Telephone
450.00
445.74
450.00
Janitors' Supplies
439.00
501.76
600.00
Water Department
36.00
36.00
36.00
$11,490.00 $11,778.38 $11,987.00
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS
$4,000.00
$3,970.42
$4,000.00
AUXILIARY AGENCIES:
Health
$1,810.00
$1,938.52
$1,935.00
Transportation
11,260.00
11,778.00
12,800.00
Tuition
200.00
542.80
400.00
Athletics
600.00
532.92
600.00
Miscellaneous
300.00
309.16
300.00
Mowry Fund Assistance
125.00
125.00
300.00
$14,295.00 $15,226.40 $16,335.00
INSURANCE
100.00
25.50
100.00
NEW EQUIPMENT
2,000.00
2,103.20
2,000.00
TOTAL
103,685.00 103,454.27 111,757.00
SCHOOL COMMITTEE:
HOWARD P. LEKBERG, 1955 Chairman
JOSEPH T. ROCHE, 1955 NORMAN S. JUSSAUME, 1956 WINIFRED V. SALO, 1956
Secretary
WILLIAM J. DUNLEAVY, 1957 HAROLD BUXTON, 1957
5
TOWN OF DOUGLAS
SCHOOL CALENDAR 1954-1955
Days
September
17 Schools open September 8
October
20 October 12-Columbus Day Holiday
November
18 November 5-Teacher's Convention November 11-Armistice Day
November 25-November 26-Thanks- giving Recess
December
17
December 23-January 3, 1955-Christ- mas Recess
January
21
February
15
March
23
February 18-February 28-Mid-Winter vacation
April
15 April 8-Good Friday
April 15-April 25-Spring Vacation
May
21
May 30-Memorial Day Holiday
June
18 Schools close approximately June 24
185
Schools are in session from 8:45 A.M. to 2:40 P.M.
The office of the superintendent of schools is open from 8:45 A.M. to noon and 1:00 P.M. to 3:15 P.M.
NO SCHOOL SIGNALS
7:15 A.M .- 3 blasts of the Hayward Mill whistle, repeated- No school in all schools-All day
11:30 A.M .- 3 blasts of the Hayward Mill whistle, repeated- One session, in which case schools will close at 12:15 P.M. 7:00 A.M .- 7:28 A.M .- 7:45 A.M .- 8:15 A.M .- WTAG broadcast of "no school" bulletins
Since weather reports are not always reliable, and because the school department wishes to render maximum educational service by having schools open the greatest number of days, storm signals will not be used when there is reasonable doubt. Weather conditions may warrant the non-attendance of certain pupils who at the moment lack normal health. This would tend to make it advisable for parents to keep the child at home.
Good health is essential to sound education. Care for your child's health by keeping him at home when in your opinion as a parent his health interest would be best served.
For admission to the first grade in the schools of Douglas, the parent or guardian must present a birth certificate showing that the pupil is at least 5 years and 9 months old on September 1st of the current year.
6
ANNUAL REPORT
REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
December 30, 1954
Members of the School Committee and Citizens of Douglas:
It is a pleasure and a privilege to present for your consideration my sescond annual report as superintendent of the Douglas public schools.
It has been said that the schools are the mirror to the attitudes of the community, they are what the people want them to be. This is well stated in "The Discovery of Intelligence" by Joseph Hart, where one reads, "Education is not apart from life: it is just the adult generation giving its own world to the new generaton. The democratic problem in education is not primarily a problem of training children: it is the problem of making a community within which children cannot help growing up to be democratic, intelligent, disciplined to freedom, reverent of the goods of life, and eager to share in the tasks of the age. A school cannot produce this result, nothing but a community can do so."
In June a series of achievement tests were given to the intermediate grades and to the pupils in certain subjects in the high school. The results were for the most part satisfactory. This fall, all pupils in the elementary school were given a Mental Maturity Test, (commonly called an I. Q. test). Arrangements have been made to administer, in January '55, to the members of the eleventh grade the battery of guidance tests of Boston University. The information provided by the results of all these tests is very helpful to the teachers. Mr. Duprey, Douglas High Guidance in- structor, will confer with parents and pupils of the junior class when the guidance test scores have been returned to Douglas in February.
In the 1954 session of the Massachusetts Legislature an act was passed affecting the training of mentally retarded pupils in the state. Chapter 71, section 46 of the general law states in part, "The school committee of every town shall annually ascertain, under regulations prescribed by the department of mental health, the number of children retarded in mental development in attend- ance upon its public schools, or of school age and resident therein . ... the committee of every town where there are five or more such children shall establish special classes for the instruction of
7
TOWN OF DOUGLAS
the educable mentally retarded children under regulations prescribed by the department."
The law is good in theory, but the provisions for carrying it out are inadequate. Therefore, not much will be done until September 1955. Most communities have no teachers or facilities available. The director of Special Education for Massachusetts, has conferred with local superintendents several times and from these meetings it has developed that towns the size of Douglas throughout the state will combine with neighboring towns and establish these classes on a union or regional basis. It appears that Douglas will send a few pupils who fall into this classification to another town, or open up a classroom in some building in town. The cost of this additional expense will be shown in the budget estimate, but it should be remembered that more than half of this expense item will be reimbursed to the town if our classes meet the standards and requirements prescribed by the Department of Education.
At one of the Douglas Town Meetings it was voted to make a survey of the schools. Two surveys are now in progress. One is being carried on by the firm of Engelhardt, Engelhardt and Leggett, a nationally known consulting and architectural firm of New York City. The other is being carried on by the Massachusetts Department of Education, with Dr. J. J. Millane directly supervising the work. The former survey will deal chiefly with facilities, the latter with curriculum and facilities. The results should be very valuable in planning and accomplishing better educational oppor- tunities for the community.
The age-grade table following this report will indicate that the enrollment in the elementary schools is increasing. The high school enrollment totals the same as October 1, 1953, but there are several pupils attending the Northbridge Schools and private schools where there are broader educational provisions. However, you will note that the amount of money expended from local taxes for education per pupil in Douglas is quite far below the state average and our neighboring towns.
State Average
Douglas
Other
towns under
Expended from local tax per pupil
$203.33
$145.19
5,000 $158.02
Expended from all tax sources per pupil
$243.08
$207.73
$221.92
The budget shows an estimated increase in total cost of about 8 per cent. There isn't anything that can reasonably be done to
8
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT
lessen this increase. An additional teacher was added in the junior senior high school this September, and this salary item is indicated in the increase in total salaries. The state legislature ruled that a class must be established for mentally retarded pupils. Our transportation increase is due to the need of carrying physically handicapped children to their special classes in Worcester and increased mileage in transporting local children. Provision also has been made for an annual increment in pay for the school personnel. These are the major items of increase. The program of replacing the old fixed furniture and re-flooring two rooms at the East Douglas Elementary school will be continued. A major recondition- ing job on the high school boiler and heating system has to be done.
Attention of the community needs to be focused on the fact that the town has been reimbursed about $33,000 because of edu- cational services offered, during the 1953-1954 school year. It is expected that this will be increased about $2,000 for the 1954-1955 school year. Please note that the net cost of the schools during 1954 was about $1,300 less than for 1953.
It is my opinoion that the parents of the children attending our schools are seriously interested in the condition of our schools and the progress of their children. During the observance of American Education Week in November, approximately 400 parents and other friends visited our buildings. Very favorable comment was made concerning the renovations and new furniture at the Elemen- tary schools.
Our teaching personnel had only four changes and one addi- tional teacher has been added in the Memorial School. The sec- retary to the superintendent and high school principal resigned and was replaced as of January 1, 1954. The town is very fortunate to have its staff of school custodians, two of whom have given long, faithful and superior service in the performance of their duties.
The P.T.A. has maintained an active interest in the schools; the Alumni Association has given a scholarshp to a graduating senior; the senior Mother's Club has worked long and hard to heip defray the expenses of the Washington trip; Miss Mary Ann Yacino donated a piano to the Douglas Center School; all of these contributions have aided our school system this year. To the town officers with whom I have worked, to the personnel and the parents and friends of the Douglas Public Schools I express my appreciation for their support and cooperation.
Respectfully submitted,
A. C. WETHERELL
Superintendent of Schools
Age-Grade Table BOYS-OCTOBER 1, 1954
Age
5
6
7
8
9 10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
Grade
1
3
27
5
· 4
21
5
1
. .
.
1
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
1
8
10
2
2
. .
. .
·
. .
. .
.
4
21
5
. .
6
1
1
6
. .
.
. .
. .
. ..
. .
2
7
1
11
. .
14
12
Total
3 31
31
33
19
25
36
29 24 26
20
11
7
4
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
31
2
.
.
4
20
4
·
23
5
. .
2
22
6
21
5
1
1
7
16
8
. .
2
11
3
7
8
6
2
1
24
9
. .
. .
11
6
3
1
21
10
10
. .
5
6
3
299
.
. .
29
3
4
. .
30
32
34
.
9
TOWN OF DOUGLAS
35
.
Age-Grade Table GIRLS - OCTOBER 1, 1954
Age
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Total
Grade
1
3
18
1
1
. .
.
. .
.
1
1
. .
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
. .
. .
4
16
1
. .
.
. .
. .
. .
3
15
3
. .
1
1
6
15
7
. .
. .
. .
. .
1
11
1
1
1
1
. .
. .
. .
.
.
..
. .
.
. .
.
10
. .
. .
·
.
·
. .
. .
. .
2
8
1
11
. .
. .
.
. .
.
17
12
Total
3
20
24
25
20
20
17
21 19
13
13
8 9 1
213
·
. .
·
·
. .
. .
2
. .
2
20
2
23
3
21
4
21
5
. .
8
11
7
4
. .
5
4
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
7
9
1
.
. .
. .
.
.
. .
·
. .
. .
. .
3
13
. .
.
.
. .
9
10
20
9
. .
. .
9
11
.
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT
10
23
24
3
18
18
Attendance for the School Year Ending June 1954
SCHOOL
TEACHERS
No. of Pupils
5-7 Years
7-14 Years
14-16 Years
Over 16 Yrs.
Average
Membership
Average
Attendance
Per Cent of
Attendance
Number of
Tardiness
Number of
Dismissals
High
Seniors
Matthew H. Towle
35
35
34.25 32.07
32.24 30.11
95.59
104
160
Juniors
Norman Duprey
29
25
4
28.36
27.04
95.36
25
Freshmen
Joyce Freitag }
36
15
18
3
33.09
32.08
96.73
67
4
Grade 8
Elsa P. Hayes
27
21
6
25.44
25.75
97.28
16
12
Grade 7
Eleanor M. Dunleavy
22
21
1
20.84
20.03
96.11
4
13
Grades 7 & 8
Roberta Wagner
23
21
2
23.00
22.30
96.99
3
6
Elementary 6
Robert Watson
36
34
2
34.98
33.52
95.84
1
1
Elementary 5 & 6
Florence Seagrave
31
31
31.00
29.59
95.46
24
5
Elementary 5
Edith D. Marsh
35
35
34.51
32.77
94.96
22
23
Elementary 4
Alice Samborski
37
37
37.00
35.14
95.17
19
10
Elementary 3
Edith H. McTeer
33
33
30.38
28.31
93.18
10
5
Elementary 2
Alice M. Libby
26
26
25.90
24.11
93.95
8
15
Elementary 1 & 2
Edith Hill
28
11
17
26.34
24.79
94.11
27
7
Elementary 1
Mae Dermody
32
31
1
30.94
28.31
91.49
11
3
Douglas Center 1 & 2
Thelma Tucker
30
12
18
26.41
24.64
93.29
1
5
Douglas Center 3 & 4
Edith L. Dixson
29
29
26.70
25.76
96.25
4
10
.
33
12
21
76
80
Sophomores
Lawrence J. Meehan
93.89
.
Jean Kelliher
TOWN OF DOUGLAS
11
12
List of Teachers, January, 1955
NAME
SCHOOL
HOME ADDRESS
GRADUATE OF
WHEN APPOINTED IN TOWN
Ralph E. Dudley
High
Douglas
Worc. Polytechnic Inst., B. U., Harvard, M.I.T.
1940
Norman Duprey
High
No. Grafton, Mass.
Boston University
1948
Constance Flower
High
Worcester, Mass. East Douglas
Boston College
1952
Matthew Towle
High
Regis & Springfield Coll.
1952
Jean M. Kelliher
High
Springfield, Mass. Worcester, Mass. Webster, Mass.
Holy Cross, Worc. S. T. C. Boston University
1954
Robert Twiss
High
Robert Kirby
Grade
8
East Douglas
Clark University Boston University
1932
Elinor Dunleavy
Grade
7
East Douglas
Roberta Wagner
Grade
7 & 8
East Douglas
E. Naz. College & B. U.
1944
Robert Watson
Grade
6
Braintree, Mass.
University of Mass.
1953
Edith Marsh
Grade
5
Dudley, Mass.
Worcester Normal
1942
Horace Killam
Grade
5 & 6
East Douglas
Harvard College
1954
Alice Samborski
Grade
4
East Douglas
Tufts College
1939
Florence Seagrave
Grade
3
Woonsocket, R. I.
R. I. College of Education
1953
Alice Libby
Grade
2
Whitinsville, Mass. No. Grafton, Mass. East Douglas
Worcester S. T. C.
1949
Edith Hill
Grade
1 & 2
Worcester Normal
1944
Mae Dermody
Grade
1
Edith Dixson Thelma Tucker
Grade
3 & 4
Douglas
Worcester Normal Lowell S. T. C.
1948
Grade
1 & 2
Douglas
B. U. College of Music
1951
Charles W. McCabe
Music Supervisor
Sutton, Mass.
Mass. School of Art
1948
Clarice Lunt
Band Instructor
East Douglas
1931
Frank O. Dodge
W. L. Rinehart
Writing Supervisor
Weston, Mass.
Univ. of Pittsburg
1933
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT
1954
James Tivnan
High
Bates College
1954
1954
Gorham Normal, Maine
1950
1942
Art Supervisor
Uxbridge, Mass.
13
TOWN OF DOUGLAS
DOUGLAS MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL
December 20, 1954
To the Superintendent and School Committee:
I herewith submit my first annual report as principal of Douglas Memorial High School, grades seven through twelve.
In June 1954 there were 34 graduates. The honor students were Marjorie Cave, Joan Cerulle, Martha Johnson, Elaine Kleya, Clarice LaVergne, Shirley Otis, Jane Vecchione and Nancy Vec- chione.
The D.A.R. Good Citizenship award was won by Marjorie Cave.
The D.A.R. History Award for Grade 8-Paul Valliere.
The Reader's Digest award, to the highest honor student was given to Marjorie Cave.
The Becker Award for excellence in commercial subjects was awarded to Joan Cerulle.
The Bausch and Lomb Honorary Science award in recognition of superior work in scientific scholarship was awarded to Marjorie Cave.
Graduates of 1954 continuing their education are:
Marjorie Cave at Bay Path Junior College
Shirley Otis at Springfield College
Jane Vecchione at Worcester State Teacher's College
Elaine Kleya at Worcester State Teacher's College
Louise Carter at Framingham State Teacher's College
Nancy Vecchione at Eastern Nazarene College Martha Johnson at Flint Junior College Joan Cerulle at Becker Junior College
Kosma Evangelidis at Worcester Junior College Janet Hickey at Worcester Memorial Hospital Clarice LaVergne at St. Vincent Hospital
I think it is interesting to note that we now have five graduates attending Worcester State Teacher's College and one attending Framingham State Teacher's. At a time when there is a shortage of teachers, the town is definitely producing its share.
A few changes were made in the curriculum this year. General Science is being taught in the 8th grade as well as in the 9th grade.
14
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT
Biology is now a required subject for all sophomores, both practical Biology and College Preparatory Biology being offered. Also, a course in Psychology is being offered to seniors.
One of our biggest deficiencies is the lack of an adequately equipped gymnasium and recreational areas for a well rounded physical education program.
Respectfully submitted,
RALPH E. DUDLEY, Principal
15
TOWN OF DOUGLAS
REPORT OF SCHOOL NURSE
Douglas, Mass
January 12. 1955
Mr. Alliston C. Wetherell Superintendent of Schools Douglas, Mass.
Dear Mr. Wetherell:
The following is my sixteenth annual report as School Nurse in the Town of Douglas.
It is well recognized that an organized approach is needed to deal effectively with school health programs and services. School health is concerned with and dependent upon the health in the total community. The Public Health Nurse, rendering school health services must work in a "team", which includes the teacher, the principal, the school physician, the family physician and the parents for the betterment of the health of the child. The nurse is the connecting link between the school medical service and the home. Mental hygiene is an integral part of the general program of the Public Health Nurse. It permeates all phases of her work, particularly through early age groups. It is necessary for her to be cognizant of the principals of psychology and understand nor- mal and abnormal variations in human behavior. She should be alert to recognize the early symptoms of definite mental deficiencies in a child and be familiar with the resources at her command for the early diagnosis and treatment of children who manifest ab- normal behavior and should aid in securing proper care for them. A psychiatrist from the Youth Guidance Clinic in Worcester is now available as a consultant to assist the teachers with children showing abnormal behavior. I appreciate the privilege, Mr. Wether- ell, that you have afforded me to work with this consultant and to assist the teachers and parents in the many problems that these children manifest.
PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS
The limiting word "physical" should be dropped in describing the school examination in the Town of Douglas. These are more than physical, they are conference examinations. A "conference" examination implies the presence and cooperation of a parent in all elementary grades. In the Junior and Senior High School, the presence of a parent is usually not desirable. It is better at these
16
ANNUAL SCHOOL REPORT
years that we encourage feelings of self-responsibility so that pupils at this age level will talk over their own problems with the physician. Doctor Spooner, the examining physician, by his methods and his own personality is accepted by the students as a counsellor. This examination should be an educational experience of lasting value.
Written invitations are sent to parents to attend the examina- tion of their child. The appointment system is used and has worked very satisfactorily.
There were 242 children examined with 100 parents or 58% attending the examinations. This shows an increase of 23% over last year in the number of parents attending examinations. The average length of time per pupil averaged over 15 minutes. Written notices were sent to parents regarding the defects found which numbered 47. This number did not include dental, vision or hear- ing defects found, nor does it include the entering school children who were examined at the Well Child Conferences. A complete report on the Well Child Conference may be found in my report to the Board of Health.
VISION TESTING
The Massachusetts Vision Test was used in testing the vision of all students. Members of the Child Health Committee assist in the screening of the children. All retesting is done by me and failures evaluated before special forms are sent home to parents informing them of vision failure of their child. Thirty-six children failed this test. Some are wearing glasses. In these cases the test is administered with glasses on. From the 36 failures, 24 or 66 2-3 % of the vision failures have had consultation from either an ophthalmologist or an optometrist.
HEARING TESTING
Detection of hearing impairment is done by screening the students. The best method for screening hearing is by use of the Pure Tone Audiometer. The original screening is done in groups. of ten. The method used for retesting is an individual Pure Tone test given with a discrete frequency Audiometer. This is a time consuming test, but otologists have evaluated it and accepted it as the most accurate. From the 200 tested, 12 failed. Special notices were sent to parents informing them of the impaired hearing and referring them to otologists. Five children had marked hearing loss. One child is attending lip-reading classes conducted by the League for Hard of Hearing in Worcester; the other four have been to the League for Hard of Hearing and have been referred to otologists for evaluation.
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