USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Milford > Town Annual Report of the Officers of the Town of Milford, Massachusetts 1895-1898 > Part 12
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There have been thirty interments during the past year; sixteen less than last year.
The terms of the committee expire as follows : Henry A. Pond and Thomas Lilley in 1897; Henry C. Skinner and John M. Wood in 1898, and George L. Maynard and Henry Hancock in 1899.
HENRY C. SKINNER,
Secretary.
REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
The Board of Health present the following summary of its work for the year ending Dec. 31, 1896 :-
Formal complaints, 80; informal complaints, 188; plac- arded and disinfected 50 cases of diphtheria; placarded and disinfected 10 cases of scarlatina; reported 5 cases typhoid fever. Free vaccinations, 350.
Per order,
BOARD OF HEALTH.
PROPERTY IN HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT.
INVENTORY FEBRUARY 1,1897.
6 horses,
4 double harnesses,
1 single harness, 3 dump carts,
1 dead axle wagon,
1 dray,
1 road scraper,
1 sweeper, 1 scoop scraper,
1 gin,
5 snow plows,
2 old snow plows,
1 drag, 3 sleds,
1 large stone roller, 1 small stone roller,
1 street plow,
1 swivel plow,
12 horse blankets,
3 horse brushes,
2 surcingles, 4 brooms,
6 halters,
2 quarts harness oil,
2 horse bandages,
2 wagon jacks, Lot wheel grease, 50 bushels oats, 2000 lbs. hay, 1000 lbs. straw, 200 ft. 3-inch plank,
20 ft. hose, 800 lbs. carrots, 5 gallons kerosene oil, 1 oil barrel,
2 iron wheel-barrows,
2 wood wheel-barrows,
1 screen,
1 set tackle blocks,
2 pulley wheels,
4 large chains,
6 small chains,
4 striking hammers,
3 saws,
1 square,
1 level,
4 slide wrenches,
1 tool chest,
1 jack screw,
24 long-handled shovels, 30 short-handled shovels,
2 axes,
17 long drills, 6 earth tamps, 35 hand drills,
8 lantern rods, 12 iron bars, 12 picks,
6 mattocks, 6 sledge hammers, 6 ice scrapers, 1 iron vise,
78
12 snow shovels,
2 scythes, 8 iron rakes, 12 hoes,
2 hand hammers,
12 breaking hammers, 3 grass hooks, 3 spreaders,
1 trowel,
4 masons' hammers,
6 hay forks,
2 town brands,
1 town stamp,
2 hydrant wrenches,
1 water wrench,
1 screw driver,
1 file,
1 nail hammer,
1 hatchet,
2 drill spoons,
1 bill-hook,
1 pair shears,
1 oil can, 200 brick, 1 coal hod, 1 tape line, Lot stone kit,
3 ladders, 12 lanterns, 6 pails,
3 water cans, 10 inlet grates,
¿ roll ribbon wire,
2 stoves,
1 clock,
2 lamps,
1 settee,
5 office chairs,
1 mirror,
2 rubber coats,
2 pair rubber boots,
1 drinking fountain,
1 stone crusher, 3 gravel pits.
GEORGE D. RHODES,
Superintendent of Streets.
AUDITOR'S REPORT.
I have examined the accounts of the Treasurer and Tax Collector, and find them to be correct, and I have also ex- amined the books of the different departments and find that the vouchers correspond with the orders drawn on and paid by the Treasurer, and that the accounts as presented are cor- rect.
Respectfully submitted, HORACE A. BROWN,
Auditor. Milford, Mass., Feb. 17, 1897.
REPORT
OF THE
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
AND
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
OF THE
TOWN OF MILFORD,
FOR THE
SCHOOL YEAR 1896-97.
MILFORD, MASS .: G. M. BILLINGS, PRINTER, GAZETTE OFFICE. 1897.
SCHOOL COMMITTEE 1896-97.
JOHN J. DUGGAN,
CHARLES MACKIN,
GEORGE L. COOKE,
GEORGE E. STACY,
HORACE E. WHITNEY,
66
66 1899.
RICHARD A. GILFOYLE,
66
66
1899.
ORGANIZATION.
GEORGE L. COOKE, Chairman.
C. W. HALEY, Secretary.
SUB-COMMITTEES. Rules and Regulations.
R. A. GILFOYLE, HORACE E. WHITNEY. THE SUPERINTENDENT.
Repairs ..
G. E. STACY,
G. L. COOKE, THE SUPERINTENDENT.
Teachers and Examinations.
H. E. WHITNEY,
J. J. DUGGAN. THE SUPERINTENDENT.
Books and Supplies.
C. MACKIN, R. A. GILFOYLE,
THE SUPERINTENDENT. Fuel.
J. J. DUGGAN,
G. E. STACY.
SUPERINTENDENT. C. W. HALEY,
Term expires 1897.
66
1897.
66
66 1898.
66
66 1898.
3
COMMITTEE MEETINGS.
The regular meetings of the Committee are held on the second Monday of each month at 8. p. M.
SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE.
Office at Memorial Hall. Office hours 4 to 5 P. M. daily when schools are in session; 8 to 9 A. M. on Fridays.
SCHOOL SESSIONS.
High School .- 8 A. M. to 1 p. M.
Grammar Schools .- 9 A. M. to 12 M .; 1.30 to 4 P. M.
Primary Schools .- 9 A. M. to 12 M .; 1.30 to 3.30 P. M.
Country Schools .- 9 A. M. to 12 M .; 1 to 3.30 P. M.
HOLIDAYS.
Feb. 22, Patriots' Day, Memorial Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and the day following.
NO-SCHOOL SIGNAL.
The steam-whistle at the electric light station, 22 re- peated four times. When this signal is sounded at 8 A. M. there will be no morning session. When it is sounded at 12.30 P. M. there will be no afternoon session. When it is sounded at 8 A. M. and not repeated at 12.30 p. M. there will be an af- ternoon session.
SCHOOL COMMITTEE'S REPORT.
A full and detailed report of the schools you will find in the report of the Secretary and Superintendent, which the Committee have approved and adopted.
The Boston public library has on its walls this inscription: "The Commonwealth requires the education of the people as the safeguard of order and liberty." The common school is a rich inheritance from our fathers; our public schools of today are an improvement on the past, and more strongly fixed in the hearts of the people as the years go by.
A noted educator has said : "There comes to most children between the ages of five and eight years, a period of time dur- ing which they learn to read with great facility ; that time passed never returns." Reading bears such an important re- lation to the acquisition of knowledge, this time should be re- alized and utilized that good reading in the upper grades should not be "a lost art." Whatever else may be taught, reading, spelling and writing are the essentials.
There are in the public schools of the state 417,335 be- tween five and fifteen years of age. Scholars of all ages in public schools, 424,350. The number in academies, parochial schools and private schools is 61,090; a very large per cent are in the public schools.
Number of scholars of all ages in town
1576
1895.
1896.
Number of scholars from 5 to 8 years
362
443
8 to 15 " .
894
1016
1256
1459
Increase
203
The secretary of the Board of Education suggests three legislative requirements that will contribute most to the pro-
5
gress of our schools: 1st, Universal skilled supervision; 2nd, For trained teachers ; 3d, For partial state participation in the tax for schools. These measures will come before the present Legislature, and it is hoped with favorable results.
It is generally conceded by the committees that teachers from the normal schools begin the work of teaching with a de- cided advantage as to method.
Mr. S. F. Blodgett, our former Superintendent, who had been with us for nine years, left, much to our regret, for a more remunerative position; in whose place after considerable delay, Mr. C. W. Haley of Georgetown was chosen ;- a man of experience in teaching and as Superintendent, coming to us highly recommended; from whom we expect much for the management of our schools. He has been with us too short a time to get fully started in the work.
A new principal of the High School, Mr. A. E. Tuttle of Amesbury, was chosen,-a man of twelve years' successful teaching, finely recommended, devoted to his work. From the record he has made since he came among us, we feel there was no mistake in his selection, from whom we expect fine results.
We have made extensive but necessary repairs at the Brick School; re-seating, new floors and painting, making some very pleasant schoolrooms. We ought to do a similar thing at the Plains School another year.
At the Chapin-street School the out-building was moved, stairs made to the cellar and a place fixed for coal.
Water has been put in the Fountain-street and West- street schoolhouses ; nothing but ordinary repairs on the other buildings.
APPROPRIATIONS.
There has been a gain of 203 scholars in town. This, to- gether with additional repairs that are much needed, and the unpaid bills amounting to $700, will necessitate an increased appropriation. We therefore recommend the following :-
Teachers' salaries $18,500 00
Janitors .
·
1,300 00
Superintendent
.
.
1,600 00
6
Transportation of pupils
$ 150 00
Supplies
·
1,600 00
Carriage hire for teachers
350 00
Repairs
800 00
Fuel
1,500 00
Incidentals . Repairs at Plains School
1,400 00
1,200 00
Unpaid bills
700 00
$29,100 00
All of which is respectfully submitted.
GEORGE L. COOKE,
GEORGE E. STACY,
JOHN J. DUGGAN, CHARLES MACKIN,
HORACE E. WHITNEY,
RICHARD A. GILFOYLE,
School Committee.
SECRETARY'S REPORT.
RECEIPTS.
Appropriation .
$26,000 00 .
Sales at office
2 81
$26,002 81
EXPENDITURES.
Teaching
$17,604 51
Superintendent
1,123 15
Carriage hire for teachers
372 50
Transportation of pupils
.
117 00
Janitors ·
1,311 50
Fuel
1,516 11
Supplies .
1,464 70
Repairs
865 39
Incidentals
1,383 71
Paid on Brick School repairs .
243 61
26,002 18
Balance
$0 63
UNPAID BILLS.
One week's pay for teachers and jan-
itors
$511 24
Bills for supplies
168 60
Bills for fuel
.
.
$703 97
BRICK SCHOOL.
Special appropriation for repairs Paid Chandler Desk Co.
$760 72
Z. C. Field
214 27
Adin Ball
·
.
22 00
E. E. Vaughan ·
3 01
·
.
·
·
.
24 13
$1,000 00+
$1,000 00
.
- -
8
Paid from regular appropriation :-
E. E. Vaughan
$ 3 43
A. J. Ames .
41 50
Eldredge & Beattey .
198 68
$243 61
Cost of repairing Brick School
$1,243 61
ITEMIZED ACCOUNTS.
FUEL.
Macuen Brothers
$388 00
T. Quirk
362 25
Williams Brothers
363 49
H. A. Barney
402 37
$1,516 11
REPAIRS.
E. E. Vaughan .
$ 10 15
S. A. McMahon
40 00
Thos. Gilmore
15 25
Henry W. Leland & Son
36 69
F. M. Ballou
72 05
Clark Ellis & Sons
85 02
F. H. Dean
·
190 36
Eldredge & Beattey
63 26
Albert Story
8 50
Z. C. Field
67 40
C. A. Hill
69 85
Richard Taft
40 50
Adin Ball
85 05
George E. Christian
.
19 25
Otis Whitney & Son
11 75
$865 39
SUPPLIES.
Ginn & Co.
$198 58
D. C. Heath & Co.
.
70 63
Boston School Supply Co.
· ·
157 03
.
.
.
.
.
.
9
American Book Co.
$ 96 47
E. E Babb & Co.
321 19
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
35 06
J. L. Hammett Co.
144 08
T. H. Castor & Co.
46 78
Carter Ink Co. .
13 75
S. E. Whitney . Eberhard Faber
65 75
University Publishing Co.
15 00
B. F. Wood Music Co.
5 40
Lothrop Publishing Co.
10 00
Geo. H. Richter
3 75
Allyn & Bacon
6 25
Joseph Gillott
10 00
Oliver Ditson & Co.
4 80
Franklin Tompkins
6 10
Geo. W. Stacy .
2 35
Silver, Burdett & Co. .
41 01
Thompson, Brown & Co.
38 33
Leach, Shewell & Sanborn
144 75
Rand, McNally & Co. .
.
.
$1,464 70
INCIDENTALS.
Geo. A. Sherborne
.
$ 42 01
G. M. Billings .
42 00
Milford Gas Co.
4 14
Dr. French
1 00
Clark Ellis & Sons
121 93
Joseph Hancock
2 50
D. A. Conant
20 10
Avery & Woodbury
39 50
Milford Water Co.
208 40
Hilton Bros. & Crofoot
5 25
H. J. Dearing
51 40
J. Allen Rice
.
104 61
Henry E. Morgan
.
40 00
Graduation programs for '96
12 00
.
.
.
.
25 00
2 60
10
I. C. Soule
$10 30
Wm. Hines
·
·
29 00
Martin Donohoe
1 26
H. C. Kendall
5 55
W. S. Wood ·
85
M. McKeague
70 00
E. E. Vaughan .
11 71
John Cochran .
34 96
E. E. Bradford .
2 00
F. G. Williams
·
.
64 00
A. Stevens
2 15
Agnes Conroy ·
3 00
Otis Whitney & Son
47 66
Avery & Woodbury
8 74
F. Foster Hartwell
15 84
L. E. Knott & Co.
4 45
J. F. Hickey
10 25
Wheelock & Davis
16 05
Weed Bros. & Lent
96 00
Edwin Lilley
4 50
Brian Brennan .
9 40
G. E. Stacy, small bills paid
24 94
Cook & Sons
12 35
Bridget Glennon
6 00
Celia Parkhurst
8 00
H. Cheever
.
18 15
J. L. Buxton
4 45
Wm. Johnston & Co.
6 30
Mrs. Donohoe .
4 00
Nathan Burlingame
4 40
G. L. Cooke
7 20
Orrin Sweet
10 00
Richard Taft
15 62
Hixon Bros.
.
1 25
·
·
.
·
- $1,383 71
.
.
.
.
11
TABLE SHOWING AMOUNTS APPROPRIATED AND EXPENDED UNDER DIFFERENT HEADS, ALSO THE BALANCE AND DEFICIT.
Appropri- ated.
Expended. Balance.
Deficit.
Special Appropriation,
$ 1,000 00
$1,243 61
$243 61
Carriage Hire,
372 50
372 50
Fuel,
1,200 00
1,516 11
316 11
Transportation,
150 00
117 00
$ 33 00
Supervision,
1,600 00
1,123 15
476 85
Care,
1,300 00
1,311 50
11 50
Teachers,
17,650 00
17,604 51
45 49
Supplies,
1,800 00
1,464 70
335 30
Repairs,
700 00
865 39
165 39
Incidentals,
§ 1,600 00
1,383 71
219 10
Received for Sales,
2 81
$27,002 81
$27,002 18
$1,109 74
$1,109 11
Balance,
63
63
$27,002 81
$27,002 81
$1,109 74
$1,109 74
At a meeting of the Committee held Monday evening, Feb. 8, the Secretary's report was accepted, and it was voted to adopt the Superintendent's report as a part of the report of the School Committee.
.
C. W. HALEY, Secretary.
SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
TO THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE OF MILFORD.
GENTLEMEN: Having so recently come into official rela- tions with the schools of this Town, I can hardly be expected to give a full and detailed account of their condition and needs, together with the work being done therein.
I present herewith, however, such statistics and other data concerning the schools as I have been able to collect, and also a few general statements based on my observations during the past five weeks.
STATISTICS.
Number of children in Town May 1, 1895 and
1896, between 5 and 15 years of age, as reported by the census enumerator:
1895.
1896.
Number between 5 and 8, .
362
443
Number between 8 and 15,
894
1,016
Total,
1,256
1,459
Increase in 1896 over 1895,
203
It should be said here that a portion of the increase is doubtless due to the fact that an Italian was employed in 1896 to take the census among his own people, thus adding to the list a few names that probably would not have been secured by the regular enumerator.
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
Number enrolled between 5 and 8,
453
66
66 8 and 14,
830
66
14 and 15
118
66
15 and 16 .
77
66
66
over 16 98
Total enrolment
1,576
Total enrolment between 5 and 15
.
1,401
13
Average membership in all the schools
1,320.9
Average attendance
1,253.3
Per cent of attendance
94.1
Number of days' absence in all the schools
24,091
Number of cases of tardiness in all the schools
2,590
Number of cases of dismissal
2,654
Number of cases of corporal punishment
39
Number of cases of truancy
20
Visits by the Superintendent
·
.
396
Visits by Committee
·
.
·
76
Visits by others
1,274
TRUANT OFFICER'S REPORT.
January, Reported by teachers,
4
Found to be truants, 1
February,
66
3
2
April,
66
8
4
May,
66
7
66
3
September,
66
6
66
3
October,
66
3
2
December,
5
66
2
·
Total reported by teachers, 36 Found to be truants, 17
ATTENDANCE.
The regularity of attendance in this Town, it seems to me, is not what it should be,-a condition for which the parents must be largely responsible. A large share of the failures of promo- tion is the result of irregular attendance and lack of applica- tion. To get the full benefit of school the pupil should attend every half day. An absence of two or three half days causes a break in the work, and the child gets behind. If this occurs often the child becomes uneasy or discouraged, and fails to en- joy his school work. Some people seem to think that a pupil can be absent from school occasionally without sustaining great loss, but they forget that he may be absent from just the exercise or explanation which he needs, the one which is of vital importance for his understanding of the work that is to follow.
14
I would urge the parents to see to it that their children are in school every half day that it is possible for them to at- tend. It does not seem much at the time to keep Johnny out of school for a day, but the absences count up at the end of the year. It will be seen by the table of statistics printed in con- nection with this report, that there have been 24,091 half-day absences, 2,590 cases of tardiness, and 2,654 cases of dismissal in the schools of this Town during the past year. The half- day absences indicate a loss of school time equal to the attend- ance of 69 pupils for the whole school year. I believe a large number of the absences could be avoided, and that a large share of the cases of tardiness and dismissal are unnecessary.
I would urge with much earnestness that the parents in- terest themselves in this matter, and help to establish in their children an idea of promptness and punctuality, and a feeling that nine o'clock every school morning should find them in their seats.
READING.
Of all the subjects taught in our Public Schools I believe none is of greater importance than that of Reading. Much of the future career of a child may hinge upon this. I am more and more convinced that if we can direct the reading of our boys and girls, we to some extent direct their future course, and help to make them useful and contented citizens. I heart- ily endorse the views of Supt. Blodgett in the matter of read- ing, and am pleased to find in your schools quite an abundance of literature, consisting of complete selections from many of our best authors, suited to the upper grades. I would empha- size the recommendation in last year's report concerning the introduction of literature into the lower grades. There are now published several myths, fables and fairy stories that seem well adapted to the purpose, and as fast as the present readers need replenishing I should advise their being partially replaced by books of this sort.
So far as I have observed, there seems to be considerable ground covered in reading. The children have a good vocab- ulary, and in several schools there is some good work being
15
done in phonics, so that they recognize and pronounce words quite readily, but there seems to be a lack of expression in their reading. Quality seems to be sacrificed for quantity. Several of the teachers are already trying to remedy the mat- ter, and I shall watch the results with considerable interest.
THE HIGH SCHOOL.
I presume it is useless at this time to discuss the urgent needs of the High School, as the matter seems to have been kept well before the public in previous reports, but I cannot well help saying that neither the present accommodations, nor the limited appropriations, will admit of the best work being done.
The demands made upon a modern High School are greater than they were twenty years ago. More commodious build- ings, better equipped laboratories and a larger teaching force are needed for the same number of pupils. The present corps of teachers are all working to the full limit of their time, and still it has recently been found necessary to reduce the num- ber of recitations per week in some of the studies in order to make room for others. A large share of the graduates never go beyond the High School, and to them the addition of a business course would be of inestimable value.
Your High School seems to be under excellent manage- ment, and with the proper equipment need be second to none of its size in the state.
A temporary arrangement has recently been made where- by on very stormy mornings the High School session, if any, will begin at 8.30 instead of 8. A. M., thus giving the pupils the benefit of the no-school signal.
There is a great deal of tardiness in the High School, and to prevent this I would recommend for the consideration of the Committee and those interested, that the school begin dur- ing the winter months at 8.15 instead of 8 A. M., and close at 1.15 instead of 1 p. M.
For a further report of the High School see the Princi- pal's report, printed herewith.
16
REPAIRS.
I can but emphasize the recommendation of Supt. Blodgett in his last report concerning the imperative need of special re- pairs at both the Park and Plains Schools. The floors are in a very bad condition. The desks are of an old style, badly worn and poorly adapted to the needs and comfort of a mod- ern school.
The plastering throughout the building at the Plains is very badly cracked. Much of it has fallen and been patched, while more is just ready to fall. I would strongly recommend the repairing of one or both of these buildings during the com- ing summer. The South Grammar building has been fitted up the past year with new floors and desks, and painted through- out, at an expense of $1243.61. In my judgment it will take at least $1200 to put the Plains building in proper shape.
CONCLUSION.
The true function of the school is to lead. It should train the child for the life of today, and not for that of fifty years ago. Schools cannot stand still: They must move on. The advancement in nearly every avenue and department of life makes it apparent that what was a good education fifty years ago does not meet the demand today.
There seems to be an educational awakening everywhere. More pupils are entering school, and they are remaining long- er. Teachers are working as they never worked before, and the people are calling for more and better schools.
The famous report of the Committee of Ten, said to be the most important educational document ever published in this country, has done much to create an interest among educators, and now the most prominent among them are agreed that the whole school curriculum should be enriched. This is being done in nearly all of the most progressive schools.
For us to get into the procession and remain there re- quires, it seems to me, at least three things: (1) Liberal ap- priations, that we may secure and retain the best of teachers,
17
(2) the relieving of the crowded condition of some of our schools, as no teacher can do her best work with such large classes, and (3) time to bring about and establish the neces- sary changes. With this done, our schools will be in a fair way to be reckoned among the best.
As our schools have been conducted on a liberal basis in the past, I have reason to believe that they will continue to be, and, as their work becomes better understood, I trust that they will receive more and more the cordial support of the people.
Respectfully submitted,
C. W. HALEY,
Superintendent of Schools.
Report of the High School Principal.
To C. W. HALEY, SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS :-
The work of the High School since last August has been conducted along the same general lines as in former years ; the old course of study has been followed, and the assistant teachers of previous years have directed practically the same work as formerly. With only one change in the corps of teachers of last year, the ill effects which naturally follow any change in established order have not been seriously manifest.
The high standard of scholarship, which has been estab- lished and maintained for so many years, should be a source of gratification and pride to every citizen of the town. And I as- sure you that no effort will be spared by the present Principal to continue the good record of the past, and to take advantage of all possibilities for improvement.
The fact that in previous years so many have gone from our High School to higher institutions of learning, gives evi- dence of the wisdom and earnestness of the parents and a gen- eral appreciation in this community of the importance of a good liberal education. This tendency should be encouraged in every possible way, as the demands of the best citizenship make the need of a broader and more accurate scholarship greater with each succeeding generation.
The recent report of Pres. Eliot would seem to indicate that the day is not far distant when only college graduates will be admitted to any of the professional schools,-"a con- summation devoutly to be wished." For the best liberal edu- cation possible is none too broad a foundation for the super- structure of a creditable and successful professional career. And for the unprofessional man or woman, such training is even more important, and the advantage of it is becoming more marked every year.
19
The training afforded by our scientific and technical schools must not be disregarded, as this is peculiarly an era of scientific development. And there is awaiting many of our High School students of today an eminent career in the do- main of scientific research. Greater problems remain to be solved than any that have been; and even greater credit and honor will reward the effort and zeal of the successful.
The requirements for admission to these higher institutions are being made more severe and exacting every year ; so much so that an earnest protest has already been made by the teach- ers in Secondary Schools generally. But while the conditions exist they must be met. Our special needs in this particular are: more time for French, and a more extended drill in math- ematics. In Algebra there should be nearly double the amount of work now done, with a corresponding increase in quality. In Geometry there should be time for considerable work in ,solid Geometry and some Trigonometry. In French considerable time must now be devoted to composition and sight translations, and to do the required amount of reading at least one year must be added to this course. The desired re- sults in mathematics can hardly be attained without the intro- duction of Algebra into the ninth grade of the Primary Schools. And I am persuaded that this last step will do more for the general efficiency of our schools than any one thing that now remains to be done. In fact, we are that much behind the pro- cession of the best schools in the state. The enrichment of the Grammar School course is no modern fad, but is a sound educational idea that has come to stay.
As regards other means of increasing the efficiency of the High School, I can do little but emphasize the recommenda- tions made in former reports. The need of a new building with increased accommodations and improved appliances is generally recognized and appreciated. In all departments of scientific work the school is especially handicapped by lack of room and apparatus. Except in Chemistry there is practically no apparatus, and no suitable place to use it if we had it. Present conditions make an improvement in this direction al- most imperative.
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