USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Lincoln > Town Report on Lincoln 1925-1929 > Part 22
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The years of the junior high school cover an important period of physical transition. These years constitute the major part of the adolescent period. During these years the pupil passes from a compulsory school attendant to a possible industrial worker; that is, a pupil who has com- pleted the sixth grade work may leave the regular school at the age of 14 and go to work, provided he attends con- tinuation school until 16.
Under the 8-4 plan there was a wide gap between the ele- mentary school and the high school. In the grades the pupils had one teacher for all subjects; in the high school there was a different teacher for each study. The content of the subject matter was entirely different in the high school ; pupils began Latin, Algebra, Science and other sub- jects not taught in the elementary school. The methods of instruction differed greatly in the two schools. High School pupils were allowed to choose one of many
149
"courses" and even to elect certain subjects within the division ; in the grades all studies were required, allowing no choice whatsoever. Again, in the grades, although the teacher may have had a program of studies, the pupils went from one subject to the next at the command of the teacher and not at any set time; whereas high school pupils are required to change from one room to another every period and often do not have their classes coming in the same order any two days of the week.
It was with these difficulties-and many more- in mind that the junior high school originated. Its main purpose, then, is that of a transition school. This transition should be natural, gradual, and effective. All of the above changes must be made gradually with all the guidance possible given to each individual pupil. A careful study of the special needs, interests and abilities of every pupil should be made in order to guide him as intelligently as possible.
With this guidance idea clearly in mind, it is easy to see that a pupil should be given a general insight into many lines of study and not specialize in any one subject until he has shown special interest or ability in that par- ticular field. This purpose has caused subjects of a gen- eral nature to come into the junior high curriculum: Gen- eral Science, giving an insight into health, physiology, biology, chemistry and physics; General Language, an ex- ploratory course in foreign language; and General Mathe- matics, which not only includes arithmetic and some alge- bra, but also gives the pupil a vision of intuitive geometry and trigonometry.
In the past the work of the upper grades has too often been wholly academic and traditional and much limited both in scope and richness. By complete and thorough scientific investigations it has been proved that pupils should have satisfactorily mastered the tool subjects of read-
150
ing, writing and arithmetic fundamentals by the end of the sixth grade. In the seventh grade we find the beginning of enrichment of the school studies which is entirely essential in our modern complex civilization.
The pupils are allowed to make these changes gradually -having different teachers in the seventh grade but not being allowed any choice of subjects. One or possibly two electors are made in grade eight, with an increasing num- ber in grade nine. Teachers who are specialists in their subjects teach in the junior high school. We can no longer expect one person to teach every subject in the intermediate grades where both content and method are vitally im- portant.
In the junior high school the pupils should develop to an increasing degree the power of self-control and self- direction. Pupil participation in the school government by means of monitors and room leaders is only one way this is done. In changing rooms, pupils must develop consider- able responsibility. Various clubs in most schools provide means for pupils to develop self-direction.
The junior high school was designed to give all boys and girls equal educational opportunities according to their abilities. Only a very small percent of them go on to college,-in fact it is too early to decide before the end of the ninth grade whether a pupil can or should prepare for college. Many pupils who cannot even go to high school are held in school a year longer than under the 8-4 plan.
Here in Lincoln our task is somewhat simplified by the fact that almost all of our small membership go on to the senior high school. The chief difficulty, however, is that we must prepare for two high schools which differ in their requirements. With this in mind we have endeavored to give as complete an education as possible to those who do
151
not choose to go to high school and also to provide as many of the necessary requirements as are needed should the pupil decide to go either to Waltham or Concord.
There is no question but that a junior high school costs more than a graded school. What really counts is whether or not we are justified in this additional expense. I think we are. We cannot give the boys and girls the same kind of education they received twenty-five years ago and ex- pect them to readily adjust themselves to the complexities of our modern life. If we can guide them to acquire more knowledge, good habits and a right attitude to become better and more useful citizens, then our time, efforts and money could not have been more wisely spent.
Finances
At the end of this report will be found a table of statis- tics showing the cost of the schools for the last five years as taken from the Massachusetts state reports. Although the total expenditure for the support of schools within the town has increased steadily each year, the amount paid from local taxation has not shown such a decided change.
Many citizens do not realize that the educating of their children does not actually cost them the amount they ap- propriate for schools at the annual town meeting. For ex- ample, let us look at the summary of expenses for the year 1927. We find the gross amount paid out by the school department was approximately $34,000. This, however, was not the actual cost to the town, as about $6,500 was received from the various sources named. The latter amount goes into the town treasury and is not-in fact can not be used by the school department. It is because of the misunderstanding about the "receipts on account of schools" that many taxpayers consider the schools as costing more than is actually the fact.
152
A comparison of the school costs for 1927 with those of the previous year will show that approximately $2,000 more was spent in 1926. Practically three-fourths of this in- crease was for high school tuition and transportation. As I have shown in another part of this report, the number of pupils going on to high school has grown considerably during the past five years. A careful estimate at the present time shows that we will have to pay $1,500 more for high school pupils during the coming year.
There is no one who appreciates the value of economy any more than the writer, and an honest attempt has been made to keep the expenditures within reasonable limits. On the other hand, however, I think the citizens of Lin- coln wish to have a feeling of pride in their schools, not only in the physical properties but also in the results shown by the pupils. We have secured exceptionally fine teachers who take an individual interest in the pupils, and we have purchased equipment, supplies and books which were ab- solutely necessary. It is the hope of all connected with the schools that time will prove this money has been well spent, -not only in the marks these pupils will receive in high school, but more important in the kind of characters we have molded in these future citizens.
In conclusion, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the teachers, parents and school committee for the cour- tesies extended to me during the past year; for it is only by the utmost co-operation of all concerned that we can hope to succeed in educating the youth of today to become the responsible citizens of tomorrow.
Respectfully submitted, CHARLES M. ROBINSON, Superintendent of Schools.
153
LINCOLN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Graduation Exercises June 16, 1927 Town Hall, Lincoln, Mass.
1. Salutatory, GORDON CUNNINGHAM
2. Song, "Recessional," JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
3. Class History, Part I, . IRENE BUCHANAN
Part II, JOHN FARRAR
MARGARET DEAN
4. Class Prophecy,
5. Essay,""China," CHARLES LENNON
6. Song, "When the Roses Bloom Again,"
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
7. Class Poem, . ALMA LANGILLE
8. Class Will, Part I, HAROLD GREGORY
Part II, CHARLES CARNEY
9. Valedictory, ELVERA LAURIN
10. Awarding of the Merit Prizes by the Superintendent, MR. ROBINSON
11. Song, "Daybreak," JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
GRADUATES
BUCHANAN, IRENE
GREGORY, HAROLD
BUTCHER, DORIS
HAGERTY, AUGUSTA
CAMPOBASSO, MARY HOUGHTON, BETH
CARNEY, CHARLES JOHANSEN, ROSE
CHAPMAN, THOMAS
KEARSLEY, GEORGE
COOK, JOHN LANGILLE, ALMA
COTOIA, MARY LAURIN, ELVERA
CUNNINGHAM, GORDON LENNON, CHARLES
DEAN, MARGARET MORT, MARJORIE PENKETH, ANNIE
FARRAR, JOHN
ROBERTS, LYDIA
154
Statistics for Year Ending June 30, 1927
Pupils enrolled
233
Boys
132
Girls 101
Vocational and High School Pupils 41
Non-resident pupils attending school in Lincoln
11
Average Daily Attendance
197
Number of days schools were in session
180
Average Membership
207
Expenditure for Support, Exclusive of General Control
$24,722.76
Per pupil in average membership of elementary schools 119.43
The School Dollar
1927
Health
.70%
General Control
2.13%
Equipment and Repairs
2.20%
Books and Supplies
3.01%
High School Transportation
5.97%
Operation 6.57%
Local Transportation
16.64%
High School Tuition
17.57%
Teachers 45.22%
Local Instruction 48.23%
100.00%
Statistics for Last Five Years
Year
Average membership for
year.
Number of State and City
of Boston Wards.
Net number of Lincoln
pupils.
Expenditure for Salaries
of Superintendent Princi-
pal and Teachers.
Cost of transportation to
schools within town only.
Expenditure for support of
schools within town.
Expenditure for school
support from local taxa-
per $1,000 valuation. tion, year ending Dec. 31,
Expenditure for support of public schools from local taxation, year end-
ing Dec. 31.
1922-23
208
21
187
11,962.23
4686.25
19,507.52
9.62
21,846.62
1923-24
211
24
187
13,179.12
5514.65
23,070.86
9.97
21,886.18
1924-25
221
21
200
14,580.00
4917.50
22,976.27
9.23
20,939.31
1925-26
219
28
191
15,535.25
5565.00
24,182.26
9.87
23,193.71
1926-27
207
11
196
15,845.95
5817.00
24,722.76
8.46
22,698.20
155
Membership by Age and Grade, October 1, 1927 BOYS
Age
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Total
Grade I.
5
7
1
13
II.
2
7
4
3
1
17
III.
5
8
3
0
1
0
1
18
IV.
3
4
3
1
11
156
V.
7
4
3
2
21
VI.
4
9
4
1
2
20
VII.
4
4
2
4
2
16
3
9
0
1
VIII.
13
IX.
4
0
1
5
Total
5
9
13
15
15
15
19
14
19
6
4
134
5
GIRLS
Age
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Total
Grade I.
8
10
18
II.
4
10
3
17
III.
2
5
1
8
IV.
6
6
1
13
1
1
4
0
1
7
1
5
2
1
9
VI.
2
2
3
1
1
1
10
VII.
1
5
1
2
9
VIII.
5
2
2
9
IX.
Total
8
14
12
15
7
8
7
8
12
4
5
100
157
V.
158
ANNUAL REPORT OF SCHOOL NURSE
To the Lincoln School Committee :-
A report of the school nursing for the year ending De- cember 31, 1927 is hereby submitted.
Both schools have been visited daily. 634 office calls of pupils treated or advised. 172 home visits made, and 37 trips to various doctors' offices and clinics, such as Walter E. Fernald School, Ayer Orthopedic Clinic, and Waltham Hospital Throat Clinic.
In September Dr. Wood vaccinated 4 pupils and made physical examination of 225 pupils finding :
60 cases of tonsils 35 cases of adenoids 42 cases of cervical glands 2 cardiac cases under treatment
1 case of cholorea
50 pupils with carious teeth
5 pupils with stained teeth
Of the 60 cases of tonsils approximately 20% have been advised for special follow-up work. Dr. Wood found a great improvement in all the pupils' teeth, and praised the work of the Dental Clinic.
All children have been weighed and measured four times during the year; 32 pupils 10% or more underweight in September, six less than last year. Five children in last year's underweight clinic were re-examined in April by Dr. Millet from the State Department; an improvement was found in all.
159
Proper eye tests have been made and 4 pupils have had eye defects corrected.
Physical drill has been conducted as in other years with one special group for those with poor posture. The pupils work hard and are always glad to graduate from this class.
During the school year there have been : 2 cases of Scar- let Fever, 2 cases of Mumps, 2 cases of Scabies. A year practically free from contagious diseases.
For prevention work we have had Typhoid Inoculations for approximately 120 children, between the two clinics, one held in the Town Hall on Sundays during January, and the other at Centre School during school hours.
Our second Diphtheria Prevention Clinic was held during March, the work being done by Dr. H. A. Wood, school physician, assisted one morning by Dr. Jones from the State Department of Health. 72 pupils were re-Schicked, 77 pupils given toxin-antitoxin, including 12 pre-school children. We hope to be able to offer toxin-antitoxin'early in the Fall of 1928 to the entering class and present first grade.
The Lincoln Dental Committee, Mrs. Susan M. Loring, Chairman, conducted a Dental Clinic which began March 11, 1927, continuing, one day a week, for 10 school weeks. The dentist was Dr. Edward Frye of Boston. This was his third year of dental work in the Lincoln Schools. Rates were the same as last year, 50c for cleanings, and all other work done on the basis of $2.50 an hour.
Total number of pupils treated 50
" cleanings 43
66
" extractions 42
" fillings 155
160
During June and July Pre-school visits were made to families where we knew there were prospective scholars for Grade I, giving them a school physical record blank, and recommending that when they go to their family phy- sician for vaccination, a physical examination of the child be given to find defects to be corrected before the child enters school. Only 3 first grade pupils were vaccinated by the school physician, against 12 of the preceding year. 41 days were spent in Sudbury.
Respectfully submitted with thanks to all school authori- ties and parents for co-operation and courtesy shown.
DOROTHY C. RUDOLF, R. N.
Lincoln, Massachusetts January 18, 1928
161
NOTICE:
The Secretary of the Commonwealth has ruled that it is necessary for the Town at the Annual Town Meeting to vote to postpone action on Article 2 until Saturday, March 10, in order to hold the election of officers on that day. To comply with this decision Article 2 appears in the warrant for action at the business meeting called for Monday, March 5th. The election of officers will be held on Saturday, March 10th, if the Town votes to postpone action on Article 2 until that day.
WARRANT
COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS.
MIDDLESEX, ss.
To either of the Constables of the Town of Lincoln in said County : GREETING:
In the name of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, you are hereby required to notify the legal voters of said Town of Lincoln, qualified to vote in Town Meeting for the trans- action of Town affairs, to meet in the Town Hall in said Lincoln on Monday, the fifth day of March next at one o'clock P. M., then and there to act on all of the following Articles, by posting a copy of this Warrant, by you attested, in each of the Post Offices and in some other public place in said Town seven days at least before the 5th day of March next :
162
ARTICLE 1. To choose a Moderator.
ART. 2. To bring in their votes for the following Town Officers and any other Officers required by law, to be elected by Australian Ballot, viz .:
One Town Clerk for one year.
One member of the Board of Selectmen for three years.
One member of the Board of Selectmen for two years (to fill vacancy).
One member of the Board of Assessors for three years.
One member of the Board of Health for three years.
One Treasurer for one year.
One Collector for one year.
One Auditor for one year.
Two Constables for one year.
One Tree Warden for one year.
One member of the Sinking and Trust Fund Commis- sioners for three years.
One member of the Sinking and Trust Fund Commis- sioners for two years (to fill vacancy).
One member of the Trustees for Free Public Lectures for three years.
. 163
One member of the School Committee for three years.
One member of the Board of Water Commissioners for three years.
One member of the Board of Cemetery Commissioners for three years.
One member of the Board of Cemetery Commissioners for two years (to fill vacancy).
Also to vote "Yes" or "No" on the following question :
"Shall licenses be granted for the sale of non-intoxicating beverages in this Town?"
ART. 3. To bring in their votes for any committees, com- missioners, trustees and other officers, required by law to be elected by ballot or otherwise.
ART. 4. To hear and act upon the reports of Town Offi- cers, Committees, Commissioners and Trustees.
ART. 5. To appropriate money for the necessary and expedient purposes of the Town and enact anything in re- lation to the same.
ART. 6. To determine the manner of collecting taxes for the ensuing year.
ART. 7. To determine the compensation of the Collector of Taxes for the ensuing year.
ART. 8. To see if the town will authorize the treasurer, with the approval of the selectmen, to borrow money in anticipation of the revenue of the financial year beginning
164
January 1, 1928, and to issue a note or notes therefor, pay- able within one year, any debt or debts incurred under this vote to be paid from the revenue of the financial year be- ginning January 1, 1928.
ART. 9. To see if the Town will vote to raise and ap- propriate the sum of $200.00 or some other amount and elect a director, the money to be expended by and the di- rector to serve in co-operation with the Middlesex County Trustees for County Aid to Agriculture in the work of the Middlesex County Extension Service, under the provi- sions of Sections 40 to 45, Chapter 128, General Laws of Massachusetts.
ART. 10. To see if the Town will authorize the Sinking Fund Commissioners to transfer the balance in the Fund for Purchase of School House Bonds to the Treasury of the Town, or take any action with reference to the matter.
ART. 11. To see if the Town will accept the act con- tained in Section 3, Chapter 39, of the General Laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which provides for the election of Town Officers within seven days before or after the day set for the Annual Town Meeting.
ART. 12. To see if the Town will accept a gift provided for in the will of the late Charles S. Smith of $50,000 toward the building of a new schoolhouse on or in connec- tion with land heretofore given by him to the Town, or act on anything relative thereto.
ART. 13. To see if the Town will act to extend electric light service and telephone service to the houses of Edward Coburn and William Harding, and appropriate money for said extension, or take any action in relation to any public service extension, and appropriate money for said extension.
165
ART. 14. To see if the Town will authorize the Select- men to replace the headstones and markers in the burial ground adjoining the Common and appropriate money for same.
ART. 15. To see if the Town will appoint a Committee consisting of the Selectmen and two others to be appointed by the chair, to erect a flagpole and base suitable as a me- morial to the men who took part in the late war and appro- priate money for same.
ART. 16. To see if the Town will take any action to- ward putting a part of the John H. Pierce Estate, so-called, in a condition for use as a play-ground or athletic field, ap- propriate money or do anything in relation to the same.
ART. 17. To see whether the Town will vote to establish a Planning Board in accordance with General Laws, Chap- ter 41, Sections 70-72, or act in any other manner thereon.
ART. 18. To see if the Town will authorize the appoint- ment of a committee of citizens to investigate and report to the Town on the possibility of establishing a Town Forest, or take any action in relation to the same.
ART. 19. To see if the Town will direct the Selectmen to issue Licenses to Innholders, Common Victualers and other Keepers of Restaurants or eating or drinking estab- lishments upon applications made therefor as provided in Sec. 1 of Chapter 299 of the Acts of the year 1926, or take any action in relation to the same.
ART. 20. To see if the Town will authorize the Select- men to post special notices in at least five (5) places, giving the exact date when the Selectmen will meet to draw the warrant for the Town Meeting.
166
Said notices to be posted at least three (3) weeks before the closing of the warrant.
ART. 21. To see if the Town will authorize any exten- sion of street lighting in North Lincoln or take any action with reference to the matter.
HEREOF FAIL NOT
And make due return of this WARRANT with your doings thereon to the Town Clerk at or before the time for the meeting aforesaid.
Given under our hands this 25th day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty- eight.
C. LEE TODD, ROBERT D. DONALDSON, Selectmen of Lincoln.
INDEX
Town Officers, 1926
5
Town Clerk's Report.
8
Jury List for 1927
33
Selectmen's Report
35
Recommendations for Appropriations.
Report of Committee on the John H. Pierce Legacy
39 40
Report of Board of Health
Report of Lincoln Town Nurse.
Report of Middlesex County Extension Service
Report of Water Commissioners
Report of Superintendent of Streets
Report of Fire Department
Collector of Taxes
Auditor's Report
Report of Assessors
Treasurer's Report
Report of Tree Warden
Report of Inspector of Animals
100
Report of Cemetery Commissioners.
101
Report of Town Treasurer in acc't Cemetery Commissioners
102
Report of Treasurer Bemis Lecture Fund
104
Report of Commissioner of Sinking Fund
106
Report of Treasurer Commissioners' Trust Funds
107
Report of Treasurer of Lincoln Library
115
Report of Trustees of Lincoln Public Library
116
Library Statistics
117
List of Accessions to Library
118
School Reports
124
School Calendar
125
Report of School Committee
126
School Expenditure
131
Superintendent's Report
132
Report of School Nurse
158
Warrant of 1928
161
4
36
44 46 49 54 57
58 59 76 98 99
School Committee
REPORT OF THE OFFICERS
OF THE
TOWN OF LINCOLN FOR THE YEAR 1928 ALSO THE REPORTS OF THE SCHOOL AND OTHER COMMITTEES FOR THE YEAR 1928
&LINC
IN
P
RATED.IN.
N.174
. IN.1754-AS.A.TOWN.
BOSTON : DANIELS PRINTING COMPANY, PRINTERS 77-79 WASHINGTON STREET NORTH 1929
REPORT OF THE OFFICERS
OF THE
TOWN OF LINCOLN
FOR THE YEAR 1928 ALSO THE REPORTS OF THE SCHOOL AND OTHER COMMITTEES FOR THE YEAR 1928
&LINCOLN.
IN
C
RPO
ATED.IN.]
: IN.1754-AS.A.TOWN
IN.174
A
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BOSTON : DANIELS PRINTING COMPANY, PRINTERS 77-79 WASHINGTON STREET NORTH 1929
3
TOWN OFFICERS FOR 1928
Town Clerk.
THOMAS L. GILES
Selectmen and Overseers of the Poor.
C. LEE TODD (Chairman) .
Term expires 1931
ROBERT D. DONALDSON
1929
HERBERT G. FARRAR
1930
Assessors.
WILLIAM H. SHERMAN (Chairman)
Term expires 1929
HERBERT G. FARRAR
1930
THOMAS J. DEE
1931
Treasurer. GEORGE G. TARBELL
Collector of Taxes. THOMAS L. GILES
Auditor. JAMES W. LENNON
4
Constables.
JOHN J. KELLIHER
GEORGE E. CUNNINGHAM
School Committee.
ANTHONY J. DOHERTY
Term expires 1931
EDITH B. FARRAR
1930
GEORGE G. TARBELL
6
1929
Water Commissioners.
JOHN J. KELLIHER
Term expires 1931
SUMNER SMITH .
1929
ROBERT R. HUNTER
66 1930
Board of Health.
ROBERT D. DONALDSON
Term expires 1929
GEORGE G. TARBELL
66 1931
DONALD MACOMBER
66 1930
Tree Warden.
JOHN J. KELLIHER
Commissioners of Trust Funds.
C. LEE TODD
Term expires 1931
F. WINCHESTER DENIO
- 1929
CONRAD P. HATHAWAY . 66 1930
Trustees of Bemis Fund for Free Public Lectures.
EDWARD F. FLINT
Term expires 1930
F. WINCHESTER DENIO .
.
1929
C. LEE TODD
.
66 1931
5
Cemetery Commissioners.
EDWARD F. FLINT FRITZ CUNNERT ยท
HAROLD P. WHITNEY
.
Term expires 1931
1929
66 1930
Field Drivers. HERMAN T. WHEELER WALDO LANGILLE HENRY LEE HIGGINSON
Fence Viewers. CONRAD P. HATHAWAY DAVID C. BOWEN
Surveyor of Lumber.
ELMER A. ROLLINS
Measurers of Wood and Bark.
JOHN F. FARRAR
ELMER A. ROLLINS
Trustees of Grammar School Fund.
CONRAD P. HATHEWAY F. WINCHESTER DENIO
Trustees of Lincoln Library.
GEORGE G. TARBELL JOHN F. FARRAR C. LEE TODD C. LEE TODD, Chairman Selectmen ex-officio ANTHONY J. DOHERTY, Chairman School Committee ex-officio
Registrars.
ERNEST H. MACFARLAND
Term expires 1930
HARRY M. CONDIT
1931
ANDREW J. DOUGHERTY, JR. .
1929
6
TOWN CLERK'S REPORT
Proceedings of a Town Meeting held March 5, 1928
NOTICE:
The Secretary of the Commonwealth has ruled that it is necessary for the Town at the Annual Town Meeting to vote to postpone action on Article 2 until Saturday, March 10, in order to hold the election of officers on that day. To comply with this decision Article 2 appears in the warrant for action at the business meeting called for Monday, March 5th. The election of officers will be held on Saturday, March 10th, if the Town votes to postpone action on Article 2 until that day.
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