USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > Plymouth > Town annual report of Plymouth, MA 1953 > Part 5
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ARTICLE 5
Drainage System:
(a) Drain, Soil, and Waste pipes within a building, and for a distance of not less than five feet from the inside of the foundation walls thereof, through which waste water or sewage is used or carried, shall be made of cast iron, lead for short connections only, annealed brass pipe not less than 13 Stubbs gauge, or hard drawn heavy seamless copper tubing (government specifications type L) with full sweated sleeve type joints. With screw type cast iron waste pipe, drainage type fittings must be used. Standard cast iron pipe is per- mitted except in commercial buildings where acids are used. The house sewer shall be of cast iron pipe with lead joints unless otherwise permitted by the superintendent of sewers and the plumbing inspectors.
(b) Fastening Pipes - Vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to keep the pipe in alignment and carry the weight of the pipe and contents. Vertical drain- age piping shall also be supported at the base of the stack. Horizontal lines shall be supported at approximately five feet (5') on centers when of caulked lead joint construction, and approximately eight feet (8') on centers when of screw pipe construction. All pipes 4" or over must be supported by at least 3/8" iron hangers.
(c) All horizontal soil and waste pipe shall have a uni- form fall towards the sewer of not less than 14" per ft. wher- ever possible, and in no case shall it be less than 1/8" per ft.
(d) There shall be suitable cleanouts at all angles of horizontal pipes greater than 45 degrees where the same are possible, and at foundation walls in a direct line with the sewer, and at such points as the inspector may direct.
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(e) Heavy brass screw cleanout covers shall be used where possible, and shall be of the same nominal size as the pipes up to 4 inches.
(f) All cleanouts must be accessible for inspection and cleaning.
(g) Changes in direction on horizontal runs greater than 45 degrees shall be made with long sweep bends, and con- nections with horizontal or vertical pipes shall be made with Y or TY branches.
(h) In no case shall the so-called short T's or saddle hubs be allowed.
(i) Soil and waste pipes shall not have less than the following diameters:
Minimum branch waste 11/2"
Branch waste for urinals
11/2"
Branch waste for sinks
11/2"
Main waste for garbage disposals with non-existing waste
Branch waste for sinks over 20 ft. developed length
Branch waste for wash trays
11%"
Main waste
2"
Main waste for sinks, five floors or more
3"
Soil pipe
Floor drain
2"
Sink, hotel or public
Urinal, stall
2''
(j) The weight of all lead bends, traps, and waste pipes used in plumbing shall not be less than that specified:
11/4 inch
21/2 lbs. per foot
11/2 inch
3 lbs. per foot
2 inch 5 lbs. per foot
3 inch 6 lbs. per foot
4 inch 8 lbs. per foot
(k) The soil pipe of every building shall be carried to a height of not less than one foot above the roof, open and undiminished in size. No vent pipe shall be covered with a cap or cowl.
(1) All branches of soil or waste pipe of twenty feet or more in length shall be continued at full size through the roof, or connected with the main soil pipe at a point above the highest fixture in the building.
(m) Drainage of stalls, stables fixtures, garages and laboratories shall be installed in accordance with plans ap- proved by the Health Division.
2"
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(n) The following schedule shall be used for determina- tion of the minimum diameters of fixture traps and the equiv- alent unit of value:
FIXTURE
Trap Size (inches) Value
Bath room group-1 water closet-1 lavatory-
1 bath tub
6.0
Bath room group-1 water closet-1 lavatory-
1 bath tub-1 shower stall
7.0
Combination sink and tray
2
2.0
Combination sink and tray with duo T
11/2
2.0
Dish washer-hotel-restaurant-club
2
6.0
Dental cuspidor
11/4
0.5
Drinking fountain
11/4
0.5
Floor-drain-unrated fixtures-for each gallon per minute discharge
2.0
Instrument sterilizer
11/4
0.5
Laundry tray
11/2
2.0
Lavatory
11/2
1.0
Bar sink
11/2
2.0
Fish sink
2
4.0
Kitchen sink
11/2
2.0
Kitchen sink-hotel-restaurant-club
2
4.0
Lunch counter bar sink-Combination of same
2
4.0
Scullery sink-hotel-restaurant-club
2
4.0
Sewage ejector-for each 25 gallons per minute discharge
50.0
Shower stall
11/2
2.0
Slop or service sink
3
5.0
Stall urinal
2
4.0
Restaurant glass sink
11/2
2.0
Restaurant silver sink
11/2
2.0
Vegetable sink-hotel-restaurant-club
2
4.0
Wall hung urinal
2
4.0
Water closet
5.0
Utensil sterilizer
11/4 0.5
Unit value of fixtures not contained in the above table shall be determined by the Health Division.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF FIXTURE UNITS FOR PIPE SIZE
Pipe Line (inches)
Drains
Stacks
11/4 inch
1
1
11/2 inch
2.5
3.5
2 inch
9
12
21/2 inch-no water closets
21
27
Pedestal urinal
5.0
Unit
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3
inch
45
72
4
inch
150
210
5
inch
370
540
6
inch
720
1050
ARTICLE 6
Indirect and Special Wastes:
(a) No waste pipe from a refrigerator, ice box or cold room, and any receptacle where food is stored, any sterilizer, auto-clave, sterile water tank or any receptacle used to treat, process or store surgical or hospital supplies and equipment, or any receptacle for storing or dispensing drinking water, ex- cept drinking fountains which are properly trapped and vented, shall connect directly with any house drain, soil or waste pipe. Such waste pipe shall in all cases empty over an open sink, floor drain or other fixture that is properly supplied with water, connected, trapped and vented the same as any other fixture, and an air gap of at least twice the diameter of the waste pipe shall be provided between the waste pipe and the receiving receptacle or waste pipe except that an open waste fitting or an approved back flow preventer will be per- mitted in lines from receptacles not subjected to a vacuum or directly connected to the water supply.
(b) All pressure steam boilers connected to the drain shall be connected with a blow-off tank of a capacity not less than thirty percent of the largest boiler connected with such tank. The location of and the connections of said blow-off tank shall be subject to the approval of the Health Division.
(c) Floor drains, drips from machinery and other clean wastes, too low to drain by gravity to the sewer, may be dis- charged by mechanical means into the gravity drainage sys- tem. Discharge pipe shall be equipped with a check valve and shall be trapped with a deep seal trap. Details of all mechan- ical discharge drainage systems shall be approved by the inspector before beginning work.
(d) All clothes washing machines when connected with the sewer shall be indirectly connected.
ARTICLE 7
Joints and Connections:
(a) Caulked joints shall be made with Oakum and molten lead, thoroughly caulked and made tight, and in no case shall paint, putty or cement of any kind be allowed.
(b) Screwed joints-Pipe ends shall be reamed to size of bore, and all chips and cuttings shall be removed. Joints
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between wrought iron, steel, brass or copper pipe and cast iron pipe shall be either caulked or screwed joints made with the use of a proper fitting between.
(c) Wiped Joints-Wiped joints in lead pipe, or between lead pipe and brass or copper pipe, ferrules, solder nipples, bushings, or traps, in all cases on the sewer side of the trap, shall be full-wiped joints.
(d) Slip joints shall be used only:
1. To connect the tail piece of the fixture.
2. On bath waste and overflows.
3. On continuous wastes.
(e) Soldered or Sweat Joints-All copper sweat joints shall be made with standard fittings.
ARTICLE 8
Traps:
(a) Every water fixture having a waste pipe connected with the sewer or cesspool shall be furnished with a separate and suitable trap placed as near as possible to the fixture that it serves, except that where a sink and wash tray come in contact with each other or in remodelling work only where a bath tub and lavatory come in contact with each other, a drum trap not less than 4 x8" may be used for both. The distance from trap to vent shall not be over 4 ft., inlets of which shall be not more than 3 ft. 6" developed length from floor level to trap and enter trap separately. The outlet pipe from trap in such cases shall be at least 2 inches.
(b) Where 1/2 S traps are used, they shall not be less than one and one-half inches, and, where round traps are used, they shall be so placed, where practical, that the trap-screw cover shall be water sealed.
(c) A suitable grease trap shall be connected with kitchen sink in every hotel, restaurant, public cooking estab- lishment or in such other place as may be required by the inspector.
(d) This and all other traps shall be so placed that they may be easily accessible for inspection and cleaning.
(e) Traps shall be protected from siphonage and back- pressure by Cast Iron, Galvanized Iron, Brass or Copper Vents. 1/2-S Traps shall not have more than 3 ft. of waste pipe and not more than 1/4" pitch per foot from trap to vent. Round traps not less than 8 inches long and 4 inches in diam- eter may be placed 4 feet from vent pipe, and where they serve the uppermost fixtures on a four-inch stack, no vent shall be required if taken into the horizontal line between
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vent stack and closet bend. A water closet may be placed not more than 5 feet from vent and shall connect with the stack not more than 18" below the top water level of the trap.
(f) Special Traps-Every building in which gasoline, naphtha or other inflammable compounds are used for busi- ness purposes shall be provided with a special trap or separator, approved by the inspector, so as to prevent the passage of oils or gasses into the sewer, and shall be ventilated with a separate pipe to a point 3 feet above the roof. The waste of every public washstand for vehicles shall be provided with catch basin so designed that sand cannot pass into drain. (g) Trap covers and cleanouts, with the exception of grease traps, in all cases shall be brass.
ARTICLE 9
Schedule of Back Air Pipes and Vents for Fixtures:
(a) Fixtures-Baths, basins, sinks, urinals Size of Pipe Greatest Length Allowed No. of Fixtures Inches Feet
11/2
30
3
2 3
70
9
70
21
Water Closets, or slop sinks 2 3
35
3
70
9
(b) The traps of a battery of water closets, pedestal and stall urinals, and bed pan washers may have, instead of separate vent pipes, a vent pipe connected to the common waste or soil pipe just before the branch from the fixture most remote from the waste or soil stack and between the first fixture and the soil or waste stack. If such a battery has more than six fixtures, there shall be a similar vent pipe connection before the branch from every sixth fixture, and in no case shall there be more than five fixtures between the vents. Vents shall not be less than four inches in size. This type of venting may be used only when the vertical distance between the water level of the trap and the top of the common waste or soil pipe is not more than twenty-four inches, and where the developed length of the branch waste or soil pipe is not more than three feet six inches between the center line of the common waste or soil pipe and the water level of the trap. Water closets and pedestal urinals shall be considered one type. No other fixtures shall enter the battery system. The inspector shall prepare explanatory sketches showing the method of construction described in this section.
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(c) Two or more air pipes may be connected together but in all cases such connections shall be made above the fixtures they serve.
(d) Floor Drains-Single floor drains shall be separately vented unless otherwise noted. Groups of two or more floor drains discharging through separate branch waste pipes not more than fifteen feet long into four-inch or larger main waste pipe serving floor drains only, may be vented on the outlet side of the end floor drain, by means of an extension of the main waste pipe undiminished in size as a vent pipe.
(e) All vents shall be continuous unless in the opinion of the inspector it is not practical; in such cases where vent pipes connect to a horizontal soil or waste pipe, the vent shall be taken off above the center line of the soil pipe and the vent pipe shall rise vertically, or at an angle not more than 45 deg. to the vertical.
(f) All vent pipes shall be so constructed as not to allow the formation of a trap nor their use as waste pipes, with the following exception: (Wet Vent) The waste pipe for a lava- tory in a bathroom may serve as a vent for a bathtub or shower provided that none of the main waste piping is less than 2-in. size.
(g) No vent pipe shall connect with any other vent pipe until it has attained the height of the top of the fixtures whose trap it ventilates.
(h) Location of Vent Terminals-No vent terminal from a sanitary drainage system shall be directly beneath any door, window, or other ventilating opening of the same or an adja- cent building, nor shall any such vent terminal be within 12 ft. horizontally of such an opening unless it is at least 1 ft. above the top of such opening. Where the roof is used for any purpose other than weather protection, the extension shall be run at least 7 ft. above the roof.
ARTICLE 10
Water Closets and Toilet Room Requirements:
(a) In all tenements or blocks there shall be at least one water closet for each tenement or family. In hotels and lodg- ing houses, there must be one water closet on each floor, and where there are more than twelve persons on any floor, there must be an additional water closet on that floor for every twelve additional persons or fraction thereof.
(b) Plumbing and toilet room construction in industrial establishments, restaurants and places of public assembly, in addition to the provisions of this code, must be in accordance
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with the rules and regulations for toilets by the Mass. Dept. of Labor and Industries. Toilet seats in such establishments shall be open front type.
(c) In all public establishments the floor of every water closet compartment or toilet hereafter installed, and the side walls to a height of nine inches, shall be constructed of material impervious to moisture, and which has a smooth surface. Where urinals are installed, the floors in front for a distance of at least twenty-four inches shall slope to the drain.
ARTICLE 11
Ventilation:
(a) Except in those cases where the rules and regula- tions of the Department of Public Safety require more, the following is the minimum amount of ventilation permitted in compartments in which water closets or urinals are situated:
(b) No water closet shall be placed in an apartment that has not a direct opening of at least three square feet to the external air approved by the inspector.
(c) Every toilet room containing a water closet or urinal which is located so that no window or skylight can be installed directly to the outside air shall be provided with a duct which shall connect such toilet room with the outside air. Such duct connections shall terminate inside the toilet room with a register or grille which shall have a free area of the full duct size and shall terminate at the outside air with a weather-proof louver and insect screen.
The minimum size of such ducts shall be equal in area to 35 square inches.
The area shall be increased to allow twenty-eight square inches of free area for each additional water closet and 8 square inches of air for each additional urinal.
ARTICLE 12
Water Supply and Distribution:
(a) The water supply of any building shall be distribut- ed through a piping system entirely independent of any piping system conveying another water supply which is not approved for drinking purposes by the State or local Public Health Division.
(b) The water service pipe of any building shall be of sufficient size to permit a continuous ample flow of water on all floors at any given time.
(c) All plumbing fixtures shall be provided with a suf- ficient supply of water for flushing properly to keep them in a sanitary condition. Every water closet or pedestal urinal
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shall be flushed by means of an approved tank or flushometer valve of at least 4 gallons flushing capacity for water closets and at least 2 gallons for urinals, and shall be adjusted to pre- vent the waste of water.
(d) Water supply pipe connections to swimming pools, hospital or laboratory sterilizers, bedpan sterilizers, toilets, urinals or to any other plumbing fixture shall be made in a manner so as to make impossible the return of any of the water, liquid or waste from the fixture to the water supply distributing system either by gravity or siphonage.
(e) Allowance for Character of Water-When selecting the material and size of pipe for water supply, due consider- ation shall be given to the action of the water on the interior of the pipe.
(f) An accessible shut-off shall be provided for the following:
1. Where water enters building.
2. For each flat or apartment.
3. For each hot water tank supply.
(g) All water piping within a building shall be installed with proper pitch and accessible drips for draining purposes.
ARTICLE 13
Hot Water Supply:
(a) Hot water storage tanks, tankless heaters and con- nection thereto shall be installed and connected by a licensed plumber under a permit issued to a registered and licensed plumber.
(b) Hot water storage tanks and safety appliances shall comply with sections 17-18-19 and 20 of the General Laws, Chapter 142, as follows:
SECTION 17. No range boiler, tank, vessel or container, ferrous or non-ferrous, in which water is to be heated or stored under pressure for domestic culinary or sanitary purposes, in this section and in sections eighteen and nineteen referred to as hot water tanks, shall be sold or offered for sale unless it is plainly marked, by stamping into the metal of the tank, or on a metal plate permanently attached to the tank, in a conspicuous place, as follows: "Notwithstanding the requirements of the preliminary paragraph and paragraphs A to D, inclusive, of this section, the markings therein referred to shall not be required, in the case of cast iron hot waterfronts, so-called, to be stamped into the metal thereof or to be stamped on a metal plate permanently attached thereto; provided, that any manufacturer or wholesaler selling such hot water fronts within the Commonwealth shall in writing certify to the Depart- ment of Public Safety that every such waterfront sold by him complies with the pertinent provisions of law."
A. Manufacturer's name or registered trade mark.
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B. Rated capacity of hot water tank in United States gallons.
C. Hydrostatic pressure in pounds per square inch at which the tank has been tested by the manufacturer, following the words: "Tested to . . . "
D. Maximum allowable working pressure in pounds per square inch.
SECTION 18. No hot water tank shall be repaired, relocated or installed and connected, unless it meets the following construction requirements :
A. The actual capacity of a hot water tank shall be within seven and one-half per cent of the capacity stamped on the tank.
B. A hot water tank shall be so constructed by riveting, welding or otherwise, as to withstand the stamped test pressure without visible permanent distortion and be so designed as to have an ultimate strength sufficient to withstand a hydrostatic pressure twenty-five per cent higher than the stamped test pressure.
C. Solder which melts at a temperature below seven hundred degrees Fahrenheit shall not be used to hold the tank together, but may be used to make it water tight, cistern tanks excepted.
D. A hot water tank in which water is to be heated or stored under pressure greater than fifteen pounds per square inch shall have a stamped test pressure of not less than two hundred pounds per square inch.
E. The maximum working pressure at which a hot water tank may be installed shall not be greater than forty-two and one-half per cent of the test pressure marked on the tank.
SECTION 19. No hot water tank shall be installed and connected unless it is protected with safety devices as follows:
A. A hot water tank in which water is to be heated or stored under pressure greater than fifteen pounds per square inch shall be equipped with a suitable pressure relief valve installed in a tapping in the tank or in the cold water supply line, or the hot water outlet line, with no shut- off valve between the relief valve and the tank. The pressure relief valve shall be set by the manufacturer to operate at a pressure not more than twenty pounds above the maximum working pressure stamped on the tank, and shall be so constructed that said setting cannot be exceeded by normal means of adjustment.
B. A hot water tank to which a heating device or appliance capable of delivering water to the tank at a temperature greater than two hun- dred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit is connected shall be equipped with a suitable temperature relief valve so adjusted and installed as to prevent development of or accumulation of water which is at a temper- ature in excess of two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit. Said temperature relief valve shall be installed in a tapping directly in or on the tank within twelve inches of the top of a vertical tank, or within six inches of the top of a horizontal tank, with no fittings between the valve and the tank, except that a bushing may be used to reduce the tapping to fit the valve, or the valve shall be installed in the hot water outlet pipe as close to the top of the tank as possible. In no case shall the heat sensitive member of the temperature relief valve be more than five inches away from the top of the tank. The discharge outlet of the temperature relief valve shall be connected by means of a non-ferrous pipe or tubing not less than three-eighths inch inside diameter, with no
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shut-off, to an open plumbing fixture, or to within twelve inches of the basement floor. A thermostatically controlled hot water tank may be protected by an automatic fuel shut-off device in addition to the ther- mostat. Such shut-off device shall be installed in the same location and perform the same function as said temperature relief valve.
C. All parts of temperature and pressure relief valves which are in contact with water shall be made of non-ferrous metals or materials having suitable corrosion resisting properties. All pipe and fittings between relief valves and the hot water tank shall be of non-ferrous metals.
D. Relief valves shall be marked by the manufacturer, by stamping or casting in the metal of the valve, or on a metal tag permanently attached to the valve, as follows:
1. Manufacturer's name or registered trade mark.
2. The type or style, or the type and style, of the valve.
3. The pressure setting of the valve in pounds per square inch.
4. The temperature setting in degrees Fahrenheit.
5. Temperature relieving capacity in B.T.U. per hour.
E. Temperature and pressure relief valves and other devices referred to in this section shall be subject to the approval of the inspec- tors of plumbing or other proper authorities.
F. All pipes and fittings in the circulating system between a hot water tank and the heating device or appliance shall be non-ferrous, and of ample size so as to make it possible to heat seventy-five per cent of the available water in the tank without raising the temperature of any part of the water above two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit.
SECTION 20. The three preceding sections shall not apply to the sale or offering for sale of installed range boilers or to the sale or offer- ing for sale of range boilers as junk.
ARTICLE 14
No hot water tank shall be relocated or installed until said tank is in the opinion of the inspector safe to install. A test of the test pressure stamped on the tank shall be required if in the opinion of the inspector such a test is necessary.
ARTICLE 15
Fixture Support-Whenever a domestic hot water tank shall be hung horizontally, it shall be hung by not less than two band hangers, fabricated of 2" x 1/8" thick flat iron stock, bolted at the top and hung from adjacent construction by lag rods not less than 1/2" diameter. Horizontal domestic hot water tanks of fifty (50) gallons or larger capacity shall be sup- ported by a floor stand or cradle stand approved by the inspector.
ARTICLE 16
Vacuum Relief Valves-Vacuum relief valves shall be constructed so as to relieve vacuum instantly at a minus pres- sure not greater than one inch of vacuum in the tank or boiler.
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The relieving element of the vacuum valve shall be of ma- terials that will not corrode or hold fast to the seat after prolonged use. The valve shall not leak under an internal pressure of from ten pounds to one hundred and twenty-five pounds per square inch. Valves of the ball check type shall not be approved. Vacuum relief valves shall be placed on the cold water supply pipe to tank or boiler above top of tank or boiler. Where cold water supply enters below the top of tank or boiler from a water supply located below the tank or boiler, the supply pipe shall rise to above the top of tank or boiler forming a loop and the vacuum valve shall be placed on top of loop above tank.
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