USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Saugus > Town annual report of the officers and committees of the town of Scituate 1928-1930 > Part 32
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George Mann
May 18 Charles E. Mann
83
-
Intestinal Hemorrhage
Endocarditis, Brights Disease
Cerebral Hemorrhage.
Carcinoma, Hemorrhage.
May 1
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Diabetes Mellitus
Gun shot wound
Jacob Vickery and Abigail Durkee
229
Report of Town Clerk-Deaths
Epitheoma of face, Lobar Pneumonia Broncho Pneumonia ...
Puerperal Sero-Fibrinous Peritonitis Heart Disease, Coronary Sclerosis. Cerebral Apoplexy, Hypostatic Pnen-
monia
Cerebral Arterio Sclerosis
Careenoma of Bladder
Nicola De Marco .
66
Lobar Pneumonia
Probably Apoplexy, Natural cause ...
Premature Birth.
Chronic Hypertrophic Arthritis
Lobar Pneumonia
Clironic Interstitial Nephritis
Lobar Pneumonia.
62
17
11 25
Mch. 29
-Sampson, Female 30 hours
Mch.
C'erobral Hemorrhage
DEATHS REGISTERED IN SCITUATE IN THE YEAR 1930
Date
Name of Deceased
Age Y. M. D.
Cause of Death
Names of Parents
May
20
Frederick Warren Rogers.
71
8 20
Asphixiation by suspension
May"
20
James Thomas Dalby
90
5 23
May
22
Mary Simmons Whiting
83
3 26
May
28
Henry F. Jackson
60
May
30
Horatio Jacobs
63 8
4
Chronic Myocarditis
June 1
Jeremiah P. Roche
72
Myocarditis
June
10
Mary Melissa Hyland
79
4
23
June
18 Elmer Horace Perkins
70
9
28
June
23
Ebed Stoddard- Cook
83
7
2
June
24
Josephine Prew McCarthy ...
76
2
5
Hypostatic Pneumonia
June
27
Mildred Bowditch Merritt ..
36
7 19 Pulmonary Tuberculosis
June
30 Mary Fobes Prouty
89
10
5
July
31 Susie Ellen Grogan
59
11
15 Myocarditis
Aug.
5
Ellen Curran
65
Heart Disease
Aug.
7
Horace Alan Whittemore
36
11 2
Hypostatic Pneumonia, Cerebral Sclerosis
Aug. 7 Hannah Victoria Rice .
81 9 25
Aug.
14
William Carmen Bates.
34
7 9
Aug.
22
Eliot Alden Munroe
3
9 12 Diph'theria
Aug. 26
Rosina B. Ward
73
6 27 Arterio Sclerosis, Pulmonary Em- bolism
Aug. 28 Arthur Francis Jellows
17
2 25
Knocked down by falling tree, Cerebral Hemorrhage
Aug. 28 Hannah Lee
70
9
Sept.
4
Elizabethı May Greene
53 11 28
Sept.
6
Saralı A. Doran FitzSimmons
80
Sept.
6 Louisa G. Callahan
59
Sept.
12 Mary Alice Lincoln.
58 1 26
Myocarditis
Sept. 13 John Abrew.
Marasmus
Sept. 21 Louisa Maria Heath
89
5
8
Chronic Interstitial Nephritis
Sept. 24 Laura A. Everson
93
2
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Sept.
27 Catherine Ann Litchfield
79
1
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Oct.
4 Theodore H. Best.
70 11
24
Angina Pectoris
Oct.
31 John Hastings Towne
93
1
7
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Nov. 14
Walter S. Sullivan
34
5
7
Angina Pectoris
George W. Rogers and Mary Bowland John Dalby and Cynthia Cook William W. Winsor William T. Jackson and Irene F. Jackson Horatio Jacobs and Lydia Jacobs John Roche and Mary Ann Sculley Thaddeus L. Litchfield and Mary Brown Isaac H. Perkins and Mary E. Edmunds
Ichabod Cook Jr. and Lucinda A. Stoddard Nicholas Prew and Sophia Gaudette Henry E. Merritt and Minta Bowditch Horatio G. Reed and Welthia Walker Alfred Mosher and Sarah Rafferty Daniel Connolly and Mary Carroll
Horace O. Whittemore and Catherine Wilde George Saxon
William Bates and Ermina Early Harold Munroe and Esther Keogh
James Jukes and Harriette Williams
Moses H. Jellows and Margaret Quinn John Young and Ellen McCarthy Michael Lynch and Marcella Moore William Doran
Charles Crowley and Maria Huzzey Hannebal A. Berry and Mary H. Smith Manuel Abrew and Lorena Machado David Montgomery and Esther Haney Sylvanus Whiting and Lucy Bates William Edwards and Ellen Lambert Henry Best and Hannah Tuiner Albert Towne and Mary A. Hastings John J. Sullivan and Ellen Murphy
230
Report of Town Clerk-Deaths
-
19
Cerebral, Hemorrhage
Lobar Pneumonia
Operation for Prostalitis, complete obstruction
Arterio-Sclerosis, Cardiac failure
Carcinoma of intestines
Intestinal Obstructions, Peritonitis
Heart Disease Acute Nephritis
2 Static . Pneumonia, Arterio Sclerosis Myocarditis
25
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Fracture of right femur, Old Age
Diabetes mellitus
BROUGHT INTO TOWN FOR INTERMENT
Age Y. M. D.
Cause of Death
Place of Burial
Place of Death
Date
Name of Person
1930
Clara M.
Young
58
4 17
Carcinoma
Union Cemetery ..
Jan. 9
1
Elizabeth Antoine.
71
-
22
Fracture of Femur
Catholic Cemetery
Mch.
3
Llewellyn W. Brown.
47
9
6 Appendicitis
Mch.
4
Haroldl J. Cox.
37
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Catholic Cemetery ..
Mch. 17
Sebastian R. Maranda
47
Chronic Puhnonary Tuberculosis
Catholic Cemetery
Mch. 20
Gertrude Vinal Lillibridge
69
26
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Union Cemetery ..
Mch.
27
William F. Osborne.
64
2
14
Apr.
2
Hosea M. Orentt
80
1
15
Acute Myocarditis
Union Cemetery ..
Boston
Apr.
4
Julia C. Spaukling
86
7
28
Apr.
14
Eliza W. Ransom
61
Lobar Pneumonia
Groveland Cemetery.
Apr.
18
Herbert Allie Bugbee
78
8 12
Myocarditis
Union Cemetery
Apr.
29 Walter H. Merritt
92
5
Myocarditis, Aiterio Sclerosis
Union Cemetery.
May
16
Frederick S. Sanborn.
47
2
25
Chronic Myocardial Insufficiency
Union Cemetery ..
May
29 Ida. M. Allen
2
5 8
Acute Entero Calitis
Catholic Cemetery ..
May
30 Sergio Salvetti
Fairview Cometery.
June
9
Incretia Andrews
75 22
7
9
C'erebral Meningitis
Mt. Hope Cemetery ..
July
21
Carlton Irving Richardson John Donovan
79
1
1
Chronic interstitial Nephritis
Catholic Cemetery.
Aug.
3
Frank Merritt
74
1
23
Coronary Embolismi
Union Cemetery
Galveston, Texas
Aug.
15
Joseph 1. Silva
70
8 30
Myocarditis
Mt. Hope Cemetery
Abington
Sept.
22
Lizzie B. Peverly
61
5
27
Acute Hemorrhage
Oct.
27
Otis Barker
74
7
19
Oct.
29
George H. Newcomb
71
11
Carcinoma Intestinal Obstruction
Union Cemetery
Nov.
13
E'len M. Anderson
80
1
20
Dec.
11
Theodore F. Andrews
65 3 19 Arterio Sclerosis
Fairview Cemetery
Boston
Dec.
13
Florence Wolffendale
50
Carcinoma
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Catholic Cemetery.
Dec. 25 Sara M. Kane
33
17
1928
Sept. 28
Charles E. Edson
72
10 10
Pernicious Anaemia
Union Cemetery
Medford
Report of Town Clerk-Interments
Weymouthi San Diego, Abington Marshfield Boston
Calif.
69
2 14
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Groveland Cemetery.
Nov.
2
Mary Donovan Smith
Catholic Cemetery.
Boston Norwell Cohasset
July
25
Groveland Cemetery
Brockton
Lobar Pneumonia
Myocarditis
Fairview Cemetery
Providence, R. I. Boston
74
Cerebral Hemorrhage.
Union Cemetery ..
Brockton Cohasset Brockton
Feb.
Common Cemetery
Haverhill
Hanson
Braintree
Boston
Boston Weymouth
Quincy Marshfield
Pneumonia
Union Cemetery
Fairview Cemetery
Boston
Rutland, Mass.
231
232
Report of Town Clerk-Summary
SUMMARY, 1930
Number of births registered in Scituate for the year 1930. 61
Male 29
Female
32
Number of marriage licenses issued.
38
Number of marriages recorded
42
Number of deaths for the year
Male
28
Female
37
Brought to Town for interment and recorded.
28
Number of Dogs licensed for the year
331
Male @ $2.00
261
Female @ $5.00
68
Breeders license @ $50. 2
Amount less Town Clerk's fees paid into the
' County Treasury
$895.80
Resident citizens' sporting licenses, hunting and fish- ing @ $2.25 208
Non-resident, sporting @ $5.25
1
Resident trapping licenses @ $2.25 5
Minor trapping licenses @ 75c.
6
Lobster Fisherman's licenses @ $5.00
41
Duplicate licenses @ .50c.
1
Paid Commissioners of Fisheries and Game less Town Clerk's fees $635.85
Transient Vendors, Town license @ $15.00 1 JETSON WADE, Town Clerk.
Registered voters of the Town of Scituate, Decem-
ber 31, 1930 2,040
Male
1,000
Female
1040
HARRY E. BATES, JOSEPH A. WARD, CHESTER R. SHERMAN, JETSON WADE, Board of Registrars of Voters.
1
65
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
OF THE
TOWN OF SCITUATE
FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31
1930
1
NO
SETTS
SATUIT
6
Printed by SANDERSON BROTHERS, North Abington, Mass.
INDEX
School Calendar 3
Organization 4
Report of School Committee
6
Report of Superintendent of Schools
7
Report of School Physician
20
Report of School Dentist
21
Report of School Nurse and Attendance Officer 22
Statistics
23
Financial Statement 27
Graduating Class 31
Graduation Exercises
30
3
School Calendar
SCHOOL CALENDAR
1931
Winter Term-January 5 to March 27. One Week Vacation. Holiday-February 23.
Spring Term-April 6 to June 19 .* Holiday-April 20.
Summer Vacation.
Fall Term-September 8 to December 18 or 23.
Holidays-October 12, November 11, November 26 and 27. Christmas Vacation.
*This date is tentative. The statutes require high schools to have one hundred eighty sessions per year.
"NO SCHOOL" SIGNAL
The "No School" signal is 3-1-3, and will be sounded from the fire stations at North Scituate, Scituate Harbor, and Green- bush at 7:45 A. M. It is, however, the policy of the Committee to hold regular sessions whenever it is practicable to maintain transportation service.
COMMITTEE MEETINGS
The regular meetings of the Committee are held at the office of the Superintendent, Old High School Building, at 8 P. M., on the second Wednesday of each month, September to June inclusive.
Appointments with the Superintendent may be made upon request.
4
Directory of School Department
DIRECTORY OF SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
W. Cleveland Cogswell
Chairman
Mrs. Marion C. Alexander
Secretary
Mrs. Belle H. Chaffin
Harold C. Wingate
Superintendent
HIGH SCHOOL
A. Russell C. Cole
M. B. Gillespie
Robert F. Riley
Bessie M. Dudley
Marion Freeman
Nettie E. Elliott
Dorothy E. MacFarlane
Ralph N. Hart
Principal
Mathematics, Science
Manual Arts English Languages
Commercial Branches
Household Arts Science, Athletics
JUNIOR HIGH
Edward W. Whitmore
Anne L. Cunneen Alice S. Eastham
Principal, VIII A
Grade VIII B Grade VII
JENKINS
LeRoy E. Fuller
Florence M. Toomey
Helen Pearl
Grade IV
Grade III A
Grade III B
Arlene Weeden
Grace E. Hague Helen L. Jones
Principal, Grade VI
Grade V
Mrs. Eunice M. Cole Doris C. Crocker Lillian M. Weeden
Grade II Assistant
Grade I Assistant
5
Directory of School Department
HATHERLY
George W. Burrill
Vera L. Ireland
Edith A. Dann
Mrs. Sara M. Souther
Blanche E. Haynes
Helen G. Knox
Principal, Grade VI
Grade V
Grade IV
Grade III
Grade II
Grade I
SUPERVISORS
Jeanne E. Bradford Doris D. Ward Ruth A. Whidden
Music Art
Physical Education
HEALTH OFFICERS
T. B. Alexander, M. D.
W. B. Parsons, D. M. D.
School Physician School Dentist
Margaret J. O'Donnell, R. N. School Nurse
ATTENDANCE OFFICER Annie M. S. Litchfield
JANITORS
Louis A. Madore
High School
Augustus Abbott
High School
Lewis B. Newcomb
Hatherly School
Frank Young
Jenkins School
HIGH SCHOOL CAFETERIA
Glea M. Cole Hestor Fish Annie Barry
Director
Assistant Assistant
6
Report of School Committee
REPORT OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE
To the Citizens of the Town of Scituate :
The Scituate School Committee feels that in justice to itself an explanation of its rulings in regard to the public use of the gymnasium-auditorium at the High School should be given.
It was built primarily for school purposes and is used daily for physical education. To prepare the floor for dancing makes it dangerous for athletic contests. Consequently the Committee has ruled that the hall should not be used for public dances.
The auditorium is very large in cubic area, and the cost of lights, heat, power for ventilation and extra janitor service in putting up and taking down seats is therefore high and the expense must be met out of the school committee budget. If money is paid for this use by any society it goes directly into the Town Treasury and is not available to the School Depart- ment.
Therefore, if the hall is to be used for public purposes, in addition to school or town functions, it will be necessary to se- cure a special appropriation for this purpose.
W. CLEVELAND COGSWELL, MARION COLLIER ALEXANDER, BELLE HOWES CHAFFIN,
School Committee.
7
Report of Superintendent of Schools
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
To the School Committee of Scituate :
I have the honor to submit my fifth annual report for your consideration.
CHANGES IN OUR TEACHING STAFF
Owing to the revision in our school organization that became effective in September of this year, and which resulted in the establishment of a new junior high school unit, and the conse- quent reduction in the number of grades enrolled in the two elementary schools from eight to six, there were more than the usual number of teacher changes at the end of the last school year.
Miss Anne L. Cunneen, for the past eleven years a teacher in the upper grades of the Hatherly school, was transferred to one of the two eight grade divisions of the junior high, and Miss Vera L. Ireland, a graduate of Bridgewater Normal School, 1929, was elected to the vacancy in the fifth grade. There were no further changes at the Hatherly school.
Miss Marion I. Dickson, for the past four years, and Miss Kathryn J. Wilson, for the past three, teachers in the seventh and sixth grades respectively at the Jenkins school, left their positions at the end of the school year, owing to the reorganiza- tion. On account of the large enrollment it was necessary to divide the third grade into two sections, A and B, and Miss Doris Crocker, a graduate of Leslie Normal School, 1927, was elected as the teacher of III B.
For purposes of administration, the seventh and eighth grades were organized as a junior high school unit, occupying rooms in the east wing of the new building. Mr. Edward W. Whitmore, for the past three years a student at Boston Uni-
8
Report of Superintendent of Schools
versity, and with several years experience in school administra- tion, was elected as Principal of this unit. For the third teacher in the Junior High, Miss Alice S. Eastham, a graduate of New Hampshire University, 1930, was selected.
Two vacancies occurred in the High School. Miss Kathleen Craig, for the past two years in charge of the Household Arts work, resigned to take affect at the end of the school year, and Miss Dorothy E. MacFarlane, a four year graduate of Framing- ton Normal School, 1930, was elected to fill the vacancy. Mr. George F. Fellows, assistant in the Science department, also resigned, and Mr. Ralph N. Hart, a graduate of the Massachu- setts State College, 1927, was elected to this position, and also to act as Director of Physical Education for the boys of both the junior and senior high schools.
In addition to the above changes Miss Ruth A. Whidden, a graduate of the Nissen School of Physical Education, with ex- perience in the Y. W. C. A. of Lowell and of Worcester, Mass., and the West Side Y. W. C. A. of New York City, was elected to the new position of teacher of Physical Education for the junior and senior high school girls, and as Physical Education Supervisor for the elementary schools.
UPKEEP OF BUILDINGS
During the past summer a number of needed repairs and improvements were made to the Hatherly school building and grounds. These included putting in new window sashes, the replacing of treads on all interior stairways, the repainting of a portion of the lower corridor walls, the whitewashing of the basement, covering two of the heat conducts with asbestos, and putting a new coating of tarvia on the driveway from the street to the three entrances of the building.
At the Jenkins school the roadway was treated to another coating of tarvia, and the basement walls and ceiling were white- washed. During the year, the shrubbery about the building, and the hedges between the school grounds and Methodist Church and Parsonage have been thoroughly pruned.
9
Report of Superintendent of Schools
At the high school, in order that the old portion of the building might be in keeping with the new wings, the interior was entirely refinished, all walls being painted and ceilings cal- cimined, and all desks and seats-both teachers' and pupils'- sanded and refinished. In connection with the contract for treat- ing the floors of the new part of the building, the old floors were cleaned, and the corridors sanded, and the car-na-var finish applied. In addition to these things, twenty tables-each ac- commodating four persons-were remodeled for use in the cafe- teria, and eighteen work benches for the woodworking depart- ment were constructed.
For the present year, in addition to the general minor repairs and replacements that all the buildings demand, there are two items of major importance to be considered. A new furnace needs to be installed at the Household Arts building, and a new fence should be erected around the Hatherly school grounds.
AMERICANIZATION
The Americanization classes, for the school year 1929-1930, met at the Hatherly school for a total of seventy-three evenings. They were again under the charge of Miss Cunneen and Mrs. Burrill. The total enrollment was thirty-five, but as some of the students went away to work during the winter, the number enrolled at the end was reduced to twenty-two. The closing exer- cises were held on Thursday evening, April 24, at Odd Ladies' Hall, North Scituate, and certificates were awarded to twenty students.
The classes are being held again this year, eleven being en- rolled in the first division and fourteen in the second. One of the students is of Swedish, one of Italian and twenty-three of Cape Verdean nationality. The ages vary from twenty-three to forty-five years. During 1930 three of these students received their naturalization papers, and on the part of many others there seems to be a strong desire to secure American citizenship.
10
Report of Superintendent of Schools
THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
Five years ago it was necessary to have combined grades in four rooms of the elementary buildings. In 1927, by the re- modeling of the Hatherly building, we provided six rooms in this school in the place of five. However, not until this year, by our reorganization, have we been able to have single grades to a room in both schools, and at the Jenkins building we have been able to divide our largest grade, numbering fifty-three pupils, into two groups. This is of distinct advantage to the elementary pupils, and should result in a still higher standard of accomplishment.
At the Jenkins school in particular, where the playground arca is not large, the removal of the two upper grades, has re- lieved the congestion during the recess and noon periods, allow- ing a greater freedom of play activities.
The new arrangement has also made it possible for us to have some departmentalization of subjects in the fifth and sixth years, thus giving the teacher an opportunity to carry a subject over a period of two years and, by the continuity of method and style of presentation, making the step from grade to grade easier for the pupil to accomplish.
THE HIGH SCHOOL
It is particularly gratifying to me this year to note the satisfactory way in which the facilities of the new building are being used. They are fully up to the expectations of those who had the building construction in charge. The administrative force -including the teachers - are fully cognizant of their added responsibilities and the spirit of appreciation for the greater advantages offered and its attendant responsibility is carried over into the student body.
Mr. Cole's report follows :
11
Report of Superintendent of Schools
Mr. Harold C. Wingate, Superintendent of Schools,
Scituate, Massachusetts :
Dear Sir :
I submit herewith my fourth annual report as principal of the Scituate High School. The content of this report may appear to emphasize that part of the year's work since the open- ing of the school in September of this year.
If this be true, it is because conditions in general during this period offered a much more favorable opportunity for in- creased growth and progressive accomplishment. Endowed with new working facilities, through the generosity of the citizens of the town, for carrying on an effective secondary program of education has resulted in a decided improvement as manifested by the favorable reaction of pupils and teachers to these new conditions.
For the first time we have been able to place in our program a satisfactory home room system, a library-study, purely for study and research work, a physical program for every boy and girl in school, and an arrangement for proper supervision and worthy use of leisure periods during the school day.
Our commercial department is operating to its fullest ca- pacity. It has been necessary to divide the periods of typewrit- ing work. This has been done, however, without loss of time to any pupil.
The new arrangement and equipment for the physical and chemical laboratory has assisted greatly in producing an added inspiration in the pupils of this department. This department is also working to capacity limit, particularly in physics. Indi- vidual work is now possible under the present arrangement.
The new quarters of our manual training department affords an opportunity for doing a more extensive and better grade of work. Much care is this year being given to the quality of work done. With additional power machines installed this year every
12
Report of Superintendent of Schools
precaution is being taken to prevent accident. Fupils in this department must pass examinations showing a working know- ledge of each machine before being allowed to operate one with- out close supervision of the instructor.
Other departments of the school are fulfilling the best edu- cational standards. The new auditorium and gymnasium fills an important requirement in our school life along the following lines : dramatic work, stereopticon and picture production, speak- ing, assemblies, drill, music, and all indoor physical work.
During the present year pupils are to conduct eight assem- blies, two of which have already been held. This co-operative plan affords pupils the opportunity of participating in, exem- plifying and commemorating events of nationally historical im- portance.
Scituate High has the present privileges and rating: Class A State rating for certification to normal schools. It is on the approved list of the New England College Entrance Board, Worcester School of Technology and Simmons College.
As the school department is prohibited by law from expend- ing money for use in interscholastic sports, such as transpor- tation, hiring of officials, purchasing of uniforms and smaller incidentals, it is necessary for the student body to hold public entertainments, in addition to charging dues to members of the school athletic association, in order to meet the expenditures needed to carry on our interscholastic contests. In the past few years we have equipped every branch of athletics that the school has engaged in so far, namely, football, baseball, basketball, and track. Our standing in athletics is comparable with that of other schools in this vicinity. The record of no defeats in the football season just closed is gratifying to every member of the school. Co-ordination of mind and body demands physical work.
The articulation of the Junior High and Senior High School is being worked out satisfactorily as regards use of the building and grounds.
In closing may I state that the teachers and pupils are grate- ful for the new advantages provided for them and I am sure
13
Report of Superintendent of Schools
a new sense of responsibility is felt by them in the duties to be performed, in the proper use of equipment, and in the estab- lishment of a routine which will be conducive to the best results.
Respectfully submitted,
A. RUSSELL C. COLE, Principal.
It seems appropriate to here express our appreciation of the gift of two beautiful silk flags given to the school by John T. Mahoney and presented at the dedication of the building by Fred R. Chase.
SPECIAL SUBJECTS
(a) ART
In expressing her appreciation of the new Art room at the high school, Mrs. Ward is prompted to trace the development of the Art program in the Scituate schools over the past ten years. She writes :
"Ten years ago one period a week was scheduled at the high school and with the doubled grades of the other two schools the work was carried on in less than two days' time.
"In the high school, everyone, Freshman or Senior, came to the one class held in one of the regular rooms with study pupils at the rear of the room. The next year the drawing class, still meeting one period a week and still open to everyone, Freshman or Senior, was held in a small class-room with no study pupils allowed.
"Then came the first Art room, in the basement, and a greater allotment of time. Separate classes for each student year were formed and special appreciation classes for the Household Arts groups were added. Classes in Crafts and Pageantry were organized. Interest ran high and a great improvement in the
-
14
Report of Superintendent of Schools
work was noted. Now looking back on that work, it seems that it is not to be compared with the work done today.
"Below the high school the change in the system from the double-graded to the single-graded rooms, and finally the open- ing of the junior high school system has meant much to the work of the Art Department. In drawing, definite changes occur in the interest and attitude of the child from year to year. A sometimes discouraging change occurs in the fifth, sometimes not until the sixth year, when the ability to see outgrows the ability to represent. This period needs careful attention and encouragement. The new position of seniority assumed by these grades as upper grades of the building helps to erase any tend- ency to slack should such a tendency appear."
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