USA > Massachusetts > Middlesex County > Westford > Town of Westford annual report 1952-1956 > Part 3
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Arthur G. Hilderth, Joseph P. McCarthy, William J. X. Kav- anagh, Edward T. Sullivan, George L. Billman and George R. Teb- betts were nominated from the floor.
The Moderator appointed Arthur L. Healy and Edward N. Lam- son as Tellers and on a hand vote the result was as follows: Arthur G. Hildreth 44; Joseph P. McCarthy 31; William J. X. Kavanagh 42; Edward T. Sullivan 45; George L. Billman 24; George R. Tebbetts 18. The Moderator ruled that the first five above named were elected as the Committee.
ARTICLE 9. Voted to dispense with the reading of the minutes of the Meeting.
ARTICLE 10. Voted to dissolve the Meeting.
A True Record, Attest :
CHARLES L. HILDRETH, Town Clerk, Westford.
36
STATE ELECTION NOVEMBER 4, 1952
Party Designations: (R) Republican; (D) Democrat; Peace Progressive (PP); (P) Prohibition; (SL) Socialist Labor.
Prec. 1 Prec. 2 Prec. 3 Prec. 4 Total
Whole Number of Ballots Cast
660
564
403
641 2268
ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT
Eisenhower and Nixon (R)
513
252
263
188
1216
Hallinan and Bass (PP)
2
1
0
2
5
Hamblen and Holtwick (P)
0
1
0
1
2
Hass and Emery (SL)
0
0
1
0
1
Stevenson and Sparkman (D)
123
300
134
437
994
Blanks
22
10
5
13
50
GOVERNOR
Paul A. Dever (D)
143
298
154
453
1048
Christian A. Herter (R)
504
235
241
163
1143
Lawrence Gilfedder (SL)
1
4
1
2
8
Florence H. Luscomb (PP)
0
1
0
2
3
Guy S. Williams (P)
0
0
1
1
2
Blanks
12
26
6
20
64
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR
Charles F. Jeff Sullivan (D)
127
302
143
448
1020
Sumner G. Whittier (R)
512
214
254
162
1142
William R. Ferry (P)
1
2
0
5
8
Francis A. Votano (SL)
0
1
1
1
3
Blanks
20
45
5
25
95
SECRETARY
Edward J. Cronin (D)
138
297
154
456
1045
Beatrice Hancock Mullaney (R)
494
199
233
153
1079
Alice M. Ferry (P)
2
3
3
3
11
Fred M. Ingersoll (SL)
0
4
1
1
6
Blanks
26
61
12
28
127
37
TREASURER
Foster Furcolo (D) Roy Charles Papalia (R)
133
288
147
444
1012
492
205
239
150
1086
Henning A. Blomen (SL) Harold J. Ireland (P) Blanks
0
2
1
1
4
1
0
2
3
6
34
· 69
14
43
160
AUDITOR
Thomas J. Buckley (D)
158
310
173
463
1104
David J. Mintz (R)
464
176
216
142
998
Anthony Martin (SL)
1
3
1
2
7
Robert A. Simmons (P)
1
0
2
1
4
Blanks
36
75
11
33
155
ATTORNEY GENERAL
Francis E. Kelly (D)
111
267
118
405
901
George Fingold (R)
518
240
267
197
1222
Arthur W. Blomen (SL)
1
2
1
3
7
Howard B.Rand (P)
2
0
2
1
5
Blanks
28
55
15
35
133
SENATOR IN CONGRESS
Henry Cabot Lodge (R)
505
236
254
178
1173
John F. Kennedy (D)
143
293
147
445
1028
Thelma Ingersoll (SL)
0
1
1
1
3
Mark R. Shaw (P)
0
0
0
1
1
Blanks
12
34
1
16
63
CONGRESSMAN -- Fifth District
Edith Nourse Rogers (R)
572
366
339
362
1639
Helen M. Fitzgerald Cullen (D)
75
157
58
260
550
Miriam S. Hall (P)
0
3
1
1
5
Blanks
13
38
5
18
74
COUNCILLOR -- Third District
Otis M. Whitney (R)
510
229
263
187
1189
Thomas C. Quinn (D)
114
260
122
407
903
Blanks
36
75
18
47
176
SENATOR -- First Middlesex District
Paul R. Achin (R)
488
223
249
200
1160
Frank T. McCarthy (D)
153
290
143
417
1003
Blanks
19
51
11
24
105
38
REPRESENTATIVE IN GENERAL COURT -- Eleventh Middlessex District
Edward J. DeSaulnier Jr. (R)
540
349
332
347
1568
Roland Cote
0
1
0
0
1
Kibby
0
0
1
1
2
Blanks
120
214
70
293
697
CLERK OF COURTS -- Middlessex County
Charles T. Hughes (R)
493
216
246
169
1124
Edward J. Sullivan (D)
128
285
141
429
983
Blanks
39
63
16
43
161
REGISTER OF DEEDS -- Middlessex Northern District
Frederic H. Brown (R)
500
211
257
181
1149
Frederick J. Finnegan (D)
132
300
137
428
997
Blanks
28
53
9
32
122
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS -- Middlesex County (TWO)
William G. Andrew (R)
480
201
248
153
1082
James A. Cullen (D)
118
235
125
351
829
H. Herbert Applin (R)
352
129
143
98
722
Patrick J. Brennan (D)
106
213
115
327
761
Blanks
264
350
175
353
1142
QUESTION NO. 1
A. Shall licenses be granted by this city (or town) for the sale therein of all alcoholic beverages? (whiskey, rum, malt beverages, wines and all other alcoholic beverages)
YES
371
358
277
453
1459
NO
181
84
68
55
388
Blanks
108
122
58
133
421
B. Shall licenses be granted in this city (or town) for the sale therein of wines and malt beverages (wines and beer, ale and all other malt bever- ages) ?
YES
366
343
273
438
1420
NO
163
77
56
46
342
Blanks
131
144
74
157
506
C. Shall licenses be granted in this city (or town) for the sale therein of all alcoholic beverages in packages, so called, not to be drunk on the premises ?
YES
397
359
290
447
1493
NO
154
71
48
46
319
Blanks
109
134
65
148
456
A True Record Attest:
CHARLES L. HILDRETH, Town Clerk
39
Special Town Meeting DECEMBER 22, 1952
At a legal Meeting of the inhabitants of the Town of Westford, qualified by law to vote in Town Affairs, held at the Town House, Monday, December 22, 1952, at 8:00 o'clock P. M., the following business was transacted:
Ben W. Drew, Town Moderator, called the meeting to order.
ARTICLE 1. Voted that the settlement of the fire that was sustained at the Town Infirmary is hereby ratified and approved. 1
ARTICLE 2. Voted that the sum of $200.00 be transferred from Available Funds to pay John F. Briscoe for his services rendered to the Town in connection with the fire loss at the Town Infirmary.
ARTICLE 3. Voted that the sum of $12,586.39 be transferred from Available Funds to Account entitled Welfare Department (Town Infirmary) for the purpose of repairing damage caused to the Town Infirmary by fire and to repair or replace personal property situated at said Infirmary which was damaged or destroyed by said fire. All under the supervision of a Committee composed of the Board of Welfare and three other voters of the Town, to be appointed by the Moderator.
The Moderator appointed Edward F. Harrington, Richard W. Hall and Moses L. Fecteau as the Committee.
ARTICLE 4. Voted that the sum of $100.00 be transferred from Available Funds to Account entitled Tree Department to defray ex- penses of said Department for remainder of the year.
ARTICLE 5. Voted that the sum of $300.00 be transferred from Available Funds to Account entitled Soldiers' Benefits to defray ex- penses of said Department for remainder of the year.
ARTICLE 6. Voted that the sum of $150.00 be transferred from Available Funds to Account entitled Forest Fires to defray expenses of said Department for the remainder of the year.
ARTICLE 7. Voted that the sum of $168.58 be transferred from Available Funds to Welfare Department-Old Age Assistance-to pay
40
a claim of the City of Boston for aid rendered under Chapter 118-A of the General Laws, legal proceedings to collect said sum having been commenced and are now pending in the Superior Court for the County of Suffolk and that the further sum of $50.00 be transferred from Available Funds to pay Town Counsel for legal services rendered to the Town and to reimburse him for expenses incurred, all in connection with this litigation.
ARTICLE 8. Voted that the verbal Report of the Committee elected under Article 8 of the Warrant for the Special Town Meeting held September 30, 1952, be accepted as a Report of progress and said Committee to render its final Report to the Town at the next Annual Town Meeting.
Said Article had reference to a possible purchase by the Town of Westford Water Company.
ARTICLE 9. Voted to dispense with the reading of the minutes of the Meeting.
ARTICLE 10. Voted to dissolve the Meeting.
A True Record, Attest :
CHARLES L. HILDRETH, Town Clerk, Westford.
41
Report of the Board of Fire Engineers
The Board of Fire Engineers submit the following report for the year ending December 31, 1952.
The three companies responded to 33 alarms other than forest or brush fires, namely: 10 buildings, 7 automobiles, and trucks, 1 oil burner, 1 kennel, 5 chimney, 1 Box Car, 1 electric motor, 2 false alarms, 1 lost child, 1 dog rescued, 1 cat in a tree, 1 overheated boiler, and one plugged chimney. 58 alarms for brush and grass fires were also answer- ed making a total of 91 alarms.
In addition to the above the Ambulance responded to 105 calls. We wish to again call attention to the fact that this vital work has been carried on without compensation by Mr. Robert Spinner and his assist- ants for several years. These men are to be commended for their fine work and although they have not requested anything, we feel that they should be paid for this service in the future.
New curbing and hot-topped sidewalks were installed around the Graniteville Station. The outside of the building was painted and new lawns were graded and seeded by the Highway Department thus completing the landscaping of the station.
A contract was let for painting the inside top floor of the Forge Village Station but due to illness this work has not been completed.
A contract was awarded to build a new firetruck for Forge Village replacing the 1933 Chevrolet. This unit should be in service by the time this is published and should be a valuable replacement since it will carry 5 times the amount of water the old truck carried. Another sim- ilar truck should be purchased this year to replace one of the two remaining trucks which are approximately 20 years old.
A radio transmitter and receiver were installed in the Westford Center Control Station. This unit has been used in conjunction with the Forestry Department mobile unit and has proved to be a very helpful addition to both the Forestry and Fire Department. The addi-
42
tion of two more mobile units, one at Forge Village and one at Granite- ville, would greatly improve communication for all concerned.
In order to explain why we advocate the purchase of at least 500 feet of 21/2 inch hose each year, we wish to repeat the explanation in our report of 1949. It is necessary that we maintain an inventory of 7000 feet of hose in order to have an extra load in each station as recommended by the Fire Insurance Underwriters. Assuming that 500 feet of hose were purchased each year and discounting loss due to wear, damage, etc., it can be readily seen that the oldest hose being replaced would always be fourteen years old. We feel that this is about a mini- mum budget for economy.
We feel that the Firemen deserve much credit for the teamwork they have displayed this past year especially at The Town Farm, John- son House, and Raymond House Fires.
Respectfully submitted.
EDMUND D. ROGERS HAROLD E. WRIGHT RICHARD W. HALL
Report of the Forest Warden
This past year was very dry and this Department answered 106 calls for fires.
All fires were under 1/2 acre except one 2 acre brush fire and one 5 acre grass fire.
I am asking $1800.00 for this Department for 1953.
Respectfully submitted,
LEO R. LARKIN,
Forest Warden.
43
Report of Selectmen
The Board of Selectmen organized early in March, 1952 with Dr. Cyril A. Blaney, chairman; Edward F. Harrington, secretary; and Thomas W. Gower the third member.
New street lights have been installed and more are yet to be installed.
Work has been done on a section of Graniteville Road and also on Beaver Brook Road. We have received an allotment of $12,000 from the state and county providing the town appropriates for contin- uance of construction on both roads at the annual town meeting in March, 1953.
The spraying of our shade trees has been done by the moth superin- tendent, with good results.
A new fire truck was purchased by the fire engineers which carries a large water tank and will take care of the needs of the outlying districts.
The work in the town by our fire warden, Leo Larkin, shows a great deal of ability in handling this situation. During the dry spell there were very few forest fires with little damage. We received a letter of commendation for this work done by our fire warden from the state fire warden.
We have also been fortunate in having such quick response and efficient handling of the house fires by fire departments in the various villages.
Mr. Austin Healy retired this year after serving efficiently as highway superintendent for over twenty-five years. The board was very fortunate in having among the applicants Mr. Joseph Connell who has shown his capability to carry on the fine work of the former superintendent. The selectmen greatly appreciate the assistance and aid given to the new superintendent by Austin Healy.
44
We accepted the resignation of Dana Fletcher as the town account- ant and selectmen's clerk early in the year. We wish to thank him for the good work he did while in our employment. We appointed James Knowlton to this position and wish to say that he has fulfilled his duties in a very satisfactory manner during the remainder of the year.
Respectfully submitted,
CYRIL A. BLANEY, Chairman
E. F. HARRINGTON, Secretary THOMAS W. GOWER
..
45
Report of Highway Department
To the Honorable Board of Selectmen:
Westford, Massachusetts
Gentlemen:
I herewith submit by report for the year 1952:
CHAPTER 81 & GENERAL HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE
The usual Highway Maintenance work was carried out this year which included the use of gravel, asphalt, screened sand, oil treated pea stone, rice stone, and bituminous concrete patch on our roads and streets that come under Chapter 81. Several roads were resurfaced with an application of asphalt and oil treated pea stone.
CHAPTER 90 MAINTENANCE
Chapter 90 Maintenance was carried out this year under provi- sions of the contract. A part of Groton Road and a part of Acton Road were resurfaced with asphalt and oil treated pea stone.
CHAPTER 90 CONSTRUCTION
Graniteville Road, Chapter 90 Construction, was completed as far as the money allocated went. We started construction on Beaver Brook Road which also comes under Chapter 90. We intend to do more work on this road this year.
I call your attention to the equipment. We need a new truck to replace one of the 1948 trucks now in use. I recommend that the town purchase a three quarter ton pickup truck to be used in place of my car. I also recommend that the Town purchase a new broom. The old broom is obsolete and not practical. It does not sweep to the curb or edge of the road leaving too much work to be done by hand.
I wish to take this opportunity to thank the Selectmen, the former Superintendent, J. Austin Healy, the Town Accountant, the Town
· 46
Treasurer, and Mr. Fulton, the State Engineer, for their cooperation and assistance during the past year.
Respectfully, JOSEPH R. CONNELL, Supt.
Report of Cemetery Commissioners
The Cemetery Commissioners submit the following Report for the year 1952.
We have had good help, that have kept our cemeteries in good condition.
At Fairview we have put out crushed stone on several roads, and we hope to be able to oil all the roads at Fairview Cemetery in 1953.
SEBASTIAN B. WATSON AXEL G. LUNDBERG ALBERT A. HILDRETH
47
Report of the Police Department
To the Honorable Board of Selectmen
Westford, Mass.
Gentlemen :
I herewith submit my report for the year 1952 for the Police Department.
Report to the Department of Correction has been made.
Arrests made
34
Assault and battery
6
Abandoned autos
7
Auto Violation
36
Auto accidents
19
Auto transfers
109
Auto registration
7
Auto licenses revoked
14
Appeals cases to Superior court
4
Breaking and entering in the night time
8
Cases in Ayer Court
34
Complaints against dog
28
Complaints Investigated cruelty to animals
3
Complaints on dead animals left on top of ground
8
Complaints on suspicious persons
18
Camps and houses broken into
12
Dogs killed by automobiles
9
Dogs shot
7
Duty at Public gathering
64
Dances
61
Driving under the influence of Liquor
8
Driving so to endanger
4
Disturbance of the peace
17
Drunkenness
14
Driving without a license
4
Fruit thieves
5
Family disturbances
46
48
Fires attended
14
Funerals attended
24
Idle and disorderly Investigations made
14 642
Jurors
7
Men taken to Jail
8
Leaving scene after injury to property
2
Larcency complaints
28 41 4
None support
Public nuisances in Beer places
26
Pedestrians struck by automobiles
3
Petty complaints
306
Summonses and notices served
126
Warrant served
9
Electric wires down on street
13
Malicious injury to property
26
Patients taken to Gardner State Hospital
8
Patients taken to Worcester State Hospital
1
Lay watching in different places
11
Incest and rape
2
Unregistered and uninsured car
4
Operating after license was revoked
3
Inspection of camps when roads are open
$2,846.00
In lockup at town farm 12
I wish to take this opportunity to thank the Board of Selectmen, Officer Connell, and the other Special Officers of the Town of West- ford, also the State Police, for their advice, cooperation and assistance during the past year.
Respectfully submitted,
JOHN F. SULLIVAN, Chief of Police
49
Collected for liquor licences
Notices posted
Report of the Whitney Playground Committee
Your Committee was deprived of the services of Mr. John Peter- son due to the requirements of the State School Retirement Laws. We were fortunate in obtaining assistance from several townspeople for varying periods and were thus able to keep the grounds in a sem- blance of repair. Anyone interested in the position please apply to the undersigned.
The tennis court has been restored to service. While primarily intended for children of school age, the townspeople are invited to make use of it. When so doing we ask that first consideration be given to the children and secondly, consideration to the rights of others. It is hoped that no rules will be required to govern the usage.
The low hanging limbs of several trees were removed to discour- age youthful Tarzans. Some dead wood and storm damaged trees on east boundary were cut out to eliminate possible hazards.
Very truly yours,
JOHN GREIG LEON F. HILDRETH MOSES L. FECTEAU
50
Jury List - 1953
Name Alcorn, Edward E. Athorn, Leslie N.
Barretto, Dennis Basinas, Nicholas V. Baum, Reginald S.
Bell, Robert Blanchard, Roy E.
Blott, Leonard F.
Overseer
Second Hand
Millhand
Coat Cutter
Millhand
Tool Die Maker
Chaplin, Carl A. Colarusso, Umberto P.
Salesman
Salesman
Wool Sorter
Grease Plant Worker
Evans, Edwin D.
Mechanic
Haley, George M.
Stock Room Clerk
Retired
Millhand
35 Pleasant St. 24 Palermo St. 7 Jonas Road
Kane, Lawrence Kazeniac, Herbert P.
Mill Operator
Kelly, William J. Jr.
Lavigne, Stanley
Foreman
Mill Hand
Millhand
Carpenter
Martin, William P.
Millhand
Moran, Charles R.
Cattle Business
Mosscrop, Michael T. Rollins, Carroll J.
Assessor
Soubosky, Robert L.
Millhand
Quarry Worker
2 Webber Road
Truck Driver
Retired
Wool Sorter
11 Prescott St. E. 31 Broadway 24 Prescott St.
CYRIL A. BLANEY, EDWARD F. HARRINGTON, THOMAS W. GOWER, Selectmen of Westford.
Address 13 Tyngsboro Road 51 Pleasant St. 5 Groton Road 9 Tyngsboro Road 1 Nabnassett St. 3 Willow Road 9 Fourth St. 6 Elm St. 23 Pleasant St. 7 Broadway 1 Elm Road
1 Dodge Road 15 Carlisle Road 4 Leland St. 11 Brookside Road 11 Providence Road 8 Pershing St. 1 Pond St. 22 Broadway 2 Orchard St. 14 Broadway
Hall, Isaac L. Hosmer, Edward W. Hulslander, Frank Johnson, Harry C.
Repair Man
Crane Operator
Wool Sorter
Quarry Worker
11 Pleasant St. 10 Prescott St. 9 Pine St. 3 River St. 24 North St. 26 Pleasant St.
LeCourt, Alexander J. Lord, Phillip MacMillan, William C.
Millhand
4 Beacon St. 6 Maple St. 50 Main St. 2 Pershing St. 3 Depot St. 55 Broadway
Teague, John J. Wilder, Bernard M. York, Ellsworth J. Young, John
Occupation
Farmer Laboratory Worker Monument Worker Draftsman
Carpenter Mechanic
Machinist
Blowey, Reginald Britko, Andrew
Brown, Elmer P.
Brule, Roger J. Chandonait, Alphonse A.
Salesman
Curley, Thomas Daly, Arthur F. Daly, Vincent
Report of the Westford Board of Health
The Board of Health submits the following report for the year ending December 31, 1952:
The Westford Board of Health organized March 10, 1952 with Cyril A. Blaney, M. D., as Chairman, Dwight W. Cowles, M. D., as Secretary and Ralph E. Cole, M. D., as the third member.
The milk situation has been supervised by Mr. Henry T. Smith. The water at the various bathing beaches was tested during the sum- mer and found to be safe for bathing. The liquor establishments and restaurants were inspected at various times and found satisfactory.
The diphtheria and vaccination clinics have been well attended. This town was one of the first towns in the state to conduct a diph- theria immunization clinic, over twenty years ago.
Nuisances have been reported and taken care of to the satisfaction of the board of health.
The report of the animal inspector shows a great deal of capable work. We would suggest that all dog owners cooperate with the in- spector by getting their dogs licensed early.
The public dump has been bulldozed periodically during the year. Mr. Winfred Whitton has done a very good job in taking care of the dump. If the public would assist the officer in this respect we would have a public dump to be proud of now and in the future.
The work of the public health nurse has been very cooperative and efficient as shown by her report to follow. While Miss Dorothy A. Healy was at the University of Massachusetts, for twelve weeks, Mrs. Ruth Hall was a very satisfactory substitute.
Respectfully submitted,
CYRIL A. BLANEY, Chairman DWIGHT W. COWLES, Secretary RALPH E. COLE Westford Board of Health.
52
Nashoba Associated Boards of Health
January 8, 1953
Board of Health Westford, Massachusetts
Gentlemen :
The Nashoba staff closes the year 1952 with a feeling of satisfac- tion that the citizens of Westford have showed such interest in improv- ing their own preventive health services. We have taken great pleasure in working with you, believing as we do that "Today's Prevention is Tomorrow's Gain."
It cost the average town in the NASHOBA ASSOCIATION approximately one quarter of one per cent of all town expenditures to be in the Association. That average town has a population of approxi- mately 2,200 and spends on all town expenditures about $355,000. It cost your town in 1952 with its population of 4,241 exactly $2,328.31 to be in Nashoba. This was based on a per capita of $0.549.
Because NASHOBA is supported partly by outside funds, mostly in the form of a grant from the State Health Department and, because this outside help is gradually being reduced, it has been necessary to gradually increase annually the per capita cost to the town. THE TOTAL COST OF NASHOBA HOWEVER REMAINS ABOUT THE SAME. If the fourteen constituent towns were paying all of this, it would cost them approximately $1.12 per capita.
For this sum of $2,328.31 spent by your town in 1952. your citizens received the following services from Nashoba:
Sanitation and Laboratory Services
In the field of Sanitation and Laboratory Services the work that is reported below was accomplished :-
53
Milk samples collected and tested from dealers
distributing milk in your town 209
Visits to milk plants processing milk for your town 35
Visits to dairy farms producing milk for your town 12
Visits to eating places in your town 22
Inspections of school buildings 5
Inspections and tests of private water supplies 18
Tests made of bathing beach waters 9
Inspections of cabin and recreational camps 7
Inspections of ice cream manufacturing plants 6
Cooperation from persons contacted while making sanitary in- spections in Westford has been most gratifying. It is one town where citizens are anxious to do right when properly directed.
Starting in September, the Nashoba laboratory began to offer free diagnostic bacteriology to the people of the area. That is, swabs from diseased throats, ears and eyes can be examined and cultured for the harmful bacteria which may be present. This information is then passed on to the attending physician in order to assist him in treating the patient. So far, the people of Westford have not made use of this service. It is a new service and one that we would like to expand.
Medical Social Work
Because of the confidential nature of social work practice, it does not seem wise to break down the Medical Social Consultant's case load for each town.
In the whole Nashoba area, however, 121 social problems were brought to her attention during 1952 which directly involved 333 people. It took 448 interviews, letters, or contacts to give the required service in finding a solution for them. The variety of the problems ranged from adoption to terminal care for chronic illness and from delinquency to special instruction for a mentally superior child. In general, her services consisted of consultation with nurses, doctors, clergymen, welfare agents, teachers, or citizens during which they re- ceive enough specialized help so that a plan for solving the problem
54
was worked out. This included information about resources which, because of distance or their highly specialized nature had not been known or had been considered unavailable. It included more clearly defining the problem through a discussion of it so that the plan for treatment most nearly met the need. It included recognition of the fact that the situation has to be accepted as it was because there seemed to be no way of changing it.
Some of the problems referred by the nurses were accepted for direct service by the Consultant if the nursing responsibility in the case was small and overweighted by the social. Implicit in the term Consultant, however, lies the responsibility to give enough understand- ing of social problems so that the consultee is assisted to do his own job more effectively. Consultation with the Nashoba staff particularly therefore was directed to meeting the client's need adequately through increasing the knowledge and understanding of the staff member.
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