History of Baltimore, Maryland, from its founding as a town to the current year, 1729-1898, including its early settlement and development; a description of its historic and interesting localities; political, military, civil, and religious statistcs; biographies of representative citizens, etc., etc, Part 6

Author: Shepherd, Henry Elliott, 1844-1929, ed. 4n
Publication date: 1898
Publisher: [Uniontown? Pa.] S.B. Nelson
Number of Pages: 1344

USA > Maryland > Baltimore County > Baltimore City > History of Baltimore, Maryland, from its founding as a town to the current year, 1729-1898, including its early settlement and development; a description of its historic and interesting localities; political, military, civil, and religious statistcs; biographies of representative citizens, etc., etc > Part 6

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The Union sentiment, although quiet, was determined and demanded of the Fed- eral authorities that they should receive its

protection; "that Union troops should be sent to Baltimore at once and an opportu- nity given them to organize, not only for their own protection, but to help fight for the preservation of the Union itself."

After the Union troops entered Balti- more, May 13, 1861, Gen. John R. Kenly, of the Maryland Militia, tendered several regiments of militia to the General Govern- ment, but the War Department declined the offer because they wanted three years and not three-months men.

The Ist Maryland Regiment of Infantry was then organized in Baltimore, May, 1861, for three years, and John R. Kenly made its colonel, who marched without de- lay to the seat of war on the upper Potomac.

A draft of Baltimore seamen a short time thereafter was sent to the flotilla of Commodore Foote, in its movement from Cairo southwards in that splendid struggle that opened the Mississippi for navigation.

The military authorities suspended, re- moved and arrested such of the civil au- thorities and citizens as they deemed un- friendly or dangerous to the Union cause; a new civil police force was created under the auspices of the military authorities, and no effort was spared to recognize, create and maintain Union sentiment in Baltimore.

The Union element controlled the situa- tion in Baltimore during the remainder of the Civil War.

A regiment of Marylanders composed to a great extent of Southern sympathizers from Baltimore had been organized within the Confederate lines on the upper Potomac at Harper's Ferry, Va., by June, 1861. This regiment was commended for its gallantry by Gen. Beauregard, C. S. A., especially for its conduct at the battle of Manassas,

HISTORY OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

or Ist Bull Run, Va., July 21, 1861. This regiment subsequently participated in all of the severe campaigns and battles incident to the movements of the Confederate armies under Gens. R. E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson in Virginia, in 1861, and up to August 17, 1862, the date of ex- piration of the original term of their en- listment.

The surviving members of this disbanded infantry regiment re-enlisted in other com- mands and branches of the service of the Confederacy and many of them were after- wards in a legion known as the "Maryland Line," composed of different arms of the service-Infantry, Artillery and Cavalry- commanded by Col. Bradley T. Johnson, subsequently promoted brigadier general.

Another battalion of infantry composed in part of Baltimoreans, known for a time as the Ist Maryland Battalion of Infantry, C. S. A., commanded by Lieut. Col. James R. Herbert (who became one of the police commissioners of Balti- more after the war), was also organized. Capt. J. Lyle Clark, a prominent Balti- morean, also organized and commanded a battalion in the Confederate States army; quite a number of Baltimoreans also went South and enlisted in Col. Brown's Ist Maryland Cavalry Regiment, C. S. A., which was organized at Winchester, Va., November 25th, 1862.

Maj. Harry Gilmore's Maryland Bat- talion of Cavalry, C. S. A., was composed largely of Baltimoreans; other Balti- moreans joined the artillery and many en- listed in regiments from other Southern States.

The Maryland Artillery commands in the Confederate army were known as "The

Baltimore Light Artillery" and the "Chesa- peake Artillery."

All of the Maryland regiments and bat- teries which served in the Confederate army were in constant active field duty during the Civil War. They were noted for their gallantry and devotion to the Con- federate cause.

The 2nd Maryland Infantry (Federal) was organized at Baltimore, Md., June, 1861, and immediately left for North Caro- lina to join the expedition that so success- fully reclaimed the coast region of that State for the Union.

The 3rd Regiment Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, was organized at Baltimore, Md., June 18, 1861, and shortly thereafter joined the Army of the Potomac.

The 5th Maryland Infantry Regiment was organized at Baltimore, Md., Septem- ber, 1861, and shortly thereafter joined the Army of the Potomac under Gen. McClel- lan, in his Peninsular Campaign before the Confederate Capitol of Richmond, &c.

Both the 2nd and 5th Regiments of In- fantry and Purnell Legion of Infantry, Maryland Volunteers, with Rigby's and Snow's Baltimore Batteries, participated in the battle of Antietam, Md., September 17th, 1862. They were conspicuous and suffered severely in killed and wounded at the Burnside Bridge and Bloody Lane, on the right and left flanks, in that, the most sanguinary one-day's battle of the Civil War.

The Ist Maryland Infantry formed a part of the army under Gen. Banks in the Shenandoah Valley in 1862, and whilst sta- tioned at Front Royal, Va., was attacked May 23, 1862, by an overwhelming force under Gen. Stonewall Jackson, and nearly

HISTORY OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

annihilated after a protracted struggle, but their self-sacrifice, like that of the "Old Maryland Line" of yore on Long Island during the Revolutionary War, saved the army of Gen. Banks from capture and de- struction.

The Purnell Legion, composed of a regiment of Infantry, three companies of Cavalry-A, B and C-and two batteries of Artillery-Capt. Rigby's and Snow's A and B-was organized from October to December, 1861.

In July, August and September, 1862, the famous Maryland Brigade, originally composed of the Ist, 4th, 6th, 7th and 8th Regiments of Infantry and Alexander's Baltimore Battery of Light Artillery (with the exception of the Ist Regiment), was or- ganized at Baltimore for three years' ser- vice. They were immediately assigned to the defense of Baltimore as against Gen. Lee's Confederate Army then invading Maryland, which, however, simply made a demonstration in the direction of Baltimore and manoeuvred his army to environ and capture the Federal army at Harper's Ferry, Va. The Maryland Brigade was then sent to reinforce the Army of the Poto- mac at that time in western Maryland.

The Ist Maryland Cavalry was partially organized at Baltimore in August, 1861, and completed in western Maryland in 1862.

A large number of Baltimoreans enlisted in other Maryland regiments at divers times and in regiments from other States; quite a number went to Frederick, Md., and enlisted in that famous body of Cavalry known as "Cole's Maryland Cavalry," who did such splendid service during the Civil War (and included the Hon. Francis Gal-

lagher, who had been a prominent Demo- cratic leader in Baltimore prior to the war).

The 9th Maryland Infantry (six months' men) was organized in Baltimore August 12, 1863.

The 10th Maryland Infantry (six months' men) was organized in Baltimore June and July, 1863.

The IIth Maryland Infantry Battalion (one year men) was organized in Balti- more September, 1863, subsequently in- creased to a regiment by consolidation with the Ist E. S. Infantry, Maryland Vol- unteers.

The 12th Maryland Battalion of Infantry (100 days men) was organized in Balti- more July 30, 1864.

Two Independent batteries known as A and B (six months men) were organized at Baltimore July 14, 1863, and another battery known as D was organized at Bal- timore February 29, 1864.

While a large number of these regi- ments were composed of Marylanders from all parts of the State, nevertheless the Bal- timore contingents were very numerous in all of them; moreover, quite a number of companies of Infantry and Cavalry were recruited in Baltimore for regiments or- ganized in other parts of the State, notably for "Cole's Cavalry," Ist Regiment P. H. B. Cavalry, Maryland Volunteers, Ist Regi- ment Maryland Potomac Home Brigade Infantry and 13th Maryland Infantry.

The Ist, 2nd, 3d and 5th Regiments of Maryland Infantry, the Ist Maryland Cav- alry and Cole's Battalion Maryland Cavalry "veteranized" in 1864, or re-enlisted for the war, a short time prior to the expiration of their term of original enlistments.

HISTORY OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

The Ist Maryland Infantry performed splendid service in Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia, its original colonel, John R. Kenly, was promoted brigadier and major general and two of the coloneis who succeeded Kenly, namely, Dunshane and Wilson, were killed in battle at the head of their regiment. Col. David L. Stanton, the last surviving colonel of the regiment, who was promoted from the ranks through the various grades and made brevet brig- adier general, was made collector of inter- nal revenue subsequent to the war.

The Ist, 4th, 7th and 8th Regiments of Infantry Maryland Volunteers constituted the Maryland Brigade when it became a part of Gen. U. S. Grant's army in the famous Virginia Campaign that ended in the surrender of Lee's army at Appomat- tox, Va., April 9th, 1865.

The record of one regiment of the Mary- land Brigade is virtually the history of all. They did splendid service and were an honor to the State and city of Baltimore. Col. Edwin H. Webster, of the 7th Regi- ment, became a member of Congress and subsequently collector of customs at Balti- more.

Col. Charles E. Phelps, who succeeded Col. Webster, was severely wounded and promoted brevet brigadier general; he was also elected a member of Congress and is now one of the judges of the Supreme bench of Baltimore City.

The colonel of the 8th Regiment, An- drew W. Dennison, lost an arm in battle, was made postmaster of Baltimore after the war. Col. Harrison Adreon, of the 4th Regiment of Infantry, was also made post- master at Baltimore after the close of the war.

The 2nd Regiment of Infantry was at the famous siege of Knoxville, Tenn., No- vember 17 to December 4, 1864, and served. creditably to the close of the war.

The 3rd Regiment made a fine record in Virginia and at the battle of Gettysburg.

The 5th Regiment fought bravely at An- tietam, Winchester and with Grant's army.

The 6th Regiment was known as the. "Fighting Sixth," and became a part of the famous 6th Army Corps mentioned by Lossing as one of the famous 300 fighting regiments of the war, as Winchester, the Wilderness, Cedar Creek and Appomattox will attest.

The gtl., 10th, IIth, 12th and 13th Regi- ments of Infantry performed creditably the duties assigned them. Col. Wm. E. W. Ross, of the Ioth Regiment, who lost a leg in battle, was brevetted brigadier general and made assessor of internal revenue and deputy postmaster at Baltimore after the war.

The Ist Regiment of Cavalry had a bril- liant record and participated in all of the severe cavalry engagements of the Civil War, especially at Brandy Station, Va., and Gettysburg, Pa.

"Cole's Cavalry" made a splendid record and received a letter of commendation from the General-in-Chief of the Army of the United States for good conduct on the bat- tle field, at London Heights, Va., January Ioth, 1864. This command refused to sur- render with the troops at Harper's Ferry, Va., September 15th, 1862, and headed the- cavalry who cut their way through the army of Gen. Stonewall Jackson. Col. Henry A. Cole, of this regiment, has been an officer in the United States internal reve- nue service at Baltimore for a number of

HISTORY OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

years. Col. Geo. W. F. Vernon, of the same regiment, who lost an eye in battle, was surveyor of customs at the port of Bal- timore several years ago.

The Ist Regiment P. H. B. Infantry Maryland Volunteers, 3rd Maryland Infan- try, Ist E. S. Infantry Maryland Volun- teers, Ist Maryland Cavalry and Rigby's Baltimore Battery of Light Artillery did splendid service at the battle of Gettysburg July 1, 2 and 3, 1863.

Rigby's, Snow's and Alexander's Bat- teries of Light Artillery, principally Balti- moreans, did excellent service at the bat- tles of Malvern Hill, Antietam, Winches- ter, Gettysburg and Monocacy.

The navy of the United States contained large contingents of Baltimoreans, both white and colored, during the entire Civil War and in every important naval engage- ment of the war, whether on the Mississippi with Commodore Foote, at New Orleans and Mobile with Admirals Farragut and Porter, off Charleston, at Wilmington, &c., the gallant Baltimore sailor was repre- sented.

The 4th, 7th and 39th U. S. Colored Troops, although recruited at Baltimore, were raised under the auspices of the United State authorities and not classified as Maryland troops. They rendered very creditable service.

The official records show that the State of Maryland furnished 50,316 soldiers and 3,925 sailors and marines to the armies and navies of the United States during the Civil War, and the records of the Confederate War Department show that upwards of

20,000 Marylanders served in the Confed- erate armies. A very large percentage in the Union and Confederate armies and the Union navy were Baltimoreans.

The close of the Civil War in 1865 en- abled the Government to promptly dis- charge the armies. The Maryland com- mands gladly returned to their homes in Baltimore and Maryland amidst the plaud- its of their fellow-citizens. The survivors- of the Maryland Brigade were welcomed home by the Governor of Maryland and Mayor of Baltimore at Druid Hill Park.

The passions, prejudices and hatreds of the greatest civil war in history are rapidly passing away, the cause of the war has been removed. The prowess of the sons of Bal- timore and Maryland, on land or sea, dur- ing the Civil War remains a glorious as well as a priceless heritage to posterity.

Baltimore and Maryland can and ought to feel a just pride in the heroism and devo- tion to duty of all her sons without regard to the side on which they fought. Those of the survivors who are physically able and their children, many of whom are, at the date of this writing, in the ranks of Balti- more's splendid militia regiments, viz: the 4th and 5th Regiments Infantry, Maryland National Guards, are ready and willing in the present and future to fight for the old flag and the honor of a common country.

The military and naval history of Balti- more can be read with pride and pleasure by the present and future generations. It is a record of honor, patriotism and devo- tion to principles and duty.

CHAPTER III. THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF BALTIMORE.

J. H. HOLLANDER, PH. D., JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY.

The most remarkable development of Baltimore in other than material and in- dustrial affairs within recent years has un- questionably been in the educational field. Without losing any of its distinctive char- acteristics, the city has become one of the great educational centres of the country, recognized as such in every quarter of the globe, and attracting large bodies of stu- dents from widely removed localities. The Johns Hopkins University has attained the front rank among higher institutions of learning almost within the years which sim- ilar institutions have devoted to mere tenta- tive efforts. The activity of the Woman's College has made the city an important centre for the collegiate instruction of women. In medicine, law, dentistry and pharmacy, local institutions afford ample facilities for study and research. Instruc- tion in primary, secondary, collegiate, nor- mal and technical studies is provided by a graded system of public schools and by a number of well-conducted preparatory schools. Public libraries, choice art collec- tions, musical opportunities, accessible lec- ture courses, the incidental features of uni- versity activity-supplement means of posi- tive instruction and combine to make Bal- timore of increasing attractiveness as a city of residence and of increasing influence upon American society.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

The public school system of Baltimore dates from 1827, in which year an ordinance

creating a board of commissioners of pub- lic schools and investing them with power to establish schools was passed by the city council. Two years later the first school was opened. Instruction was at first ele- mentary in character, but as the system ex- panded and developed, secondary schools were added to the primary schools then in activity. The present system consists of primary, grammar and high schools, in- cluding the Baltimore City College, a Poly- technic Institute and a higher school for colored boys. Co-education does not en- ter into any part of the system. Separate schools are provided for colored children. The school buildings are distributed over the city and are for the most part modern, substantial structures of brick and stone. Instruction as well as text-books and sup- plies are provided entirely free of cost to all residents of Baltimore. The administra- tion of the system is in the hands of an unpaid board of school commissioners, composed of nine members appointed by the Mayor for a term of six years.

The Baltimore Polytechnic Institute was the first institution for manual training estab- lished in the United States as an integral part of any public school system. It is de- signed less for teaching the details of par- ticular handicrafts than for acquainting the pupil with the general principles of techni- cal activity. The institute is located in specially adapted quarters on Courtland street, with accommodations for five hun-

HISTORY OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

dred students. The older building con- tains the workshops of the school. On the ground floor are the boiler-room, sheet metal and forge shops, with a steam blower and steam exhaust fan. The machine shops, pattern making shops and steam en- gineering shops take up the third floor, while the fourth is divided into two rooms, used as carpentry and wood-carving shops. The fifth floor of the new building is planned for a natatorium and a covered play and drill ground for the boys. A large hall on the second floor is conveniently fur- nished with opera chairs. On the third and fourth floors are the hat, office, cloak, library and recitation rooms and physical and chemical laboratories. The fifth story is divided into four large rooms, one each for freehand and mechanical drawing, model and exhibition. The hallway of this floor is used as an armory.

The State Normal School, designed for the training of teachers of both sexes and sup- ported by State appropriations, is located on the northwest corner of Lafayette and Carrollton avenues. It occupies an at- tractive building of red brick with sand- stone trimmings, well arranged and equip- ped for educational purposes. Each county in the State is entitled to send two students for each representative in the General As- sembly. A limited number of other pupils are admitted on payment of fixed tuiton fees.

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND.

The genesis of the University of Mary- land is found in the charter granted by the General Assembly-1807-for the crea- tion of the College of Medicine of Mary- land. Five years later authority was con- ferred by the Legislature, in an enlarged

charter, for the addition of faculties of di- vinity, law and arts. Of these, the power relative to a faculty of divinity was never exercised. Two attempts were made to or- ganize a faculty of arts, but without endur- ing success. The faculty of law after a term of uncertain existence was revived and reorganized in 1869, and has since con- tinued in growing and successful activity. It occupies a building adjoining the medi- cal college on Lombard street. The depart- ment has seven professors and over one hundred students and the course of instruc- tion extends over three years.

In point of continuous existence and of relative importance the faculty of medicine has thus far been the most noteworthy sec- tion of the University of Maryland. In age it is said to be the fifth medical school in the United States.

The location of the university was deter- mined by the purchase in 1811 of a plot of ground on the corner of Lombard and Greene streets. Necessary funds having been provided by a public lottery au- thorized by the Legislature, a building, sug- gested by the Pantheon at Rome, was erected. At the time of its erection, this structure formed one of the architectural features of the city and was probably the finest medical college building in the country. Renovated and altered in the in- terior, it still remains the principal building of the university. For many years a for- bidding wall enclosed the site. This has recently been removed and pleasant, grass- covered slopes substituted.

In 1823 the Baltimore Infirmary or "Uni- versity Hospital" was erected on the oppo- site corner, a site which it still occupies ill much enlarged form. Connected with the

HISTORY OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

university are a training school for nurses, a free lying-in hospital on Lombard street, and a dental department organized in 1882.

The influence of the University of Mary- land upon medical instruction in this coun- try has been important. The original mem- bers of the medical faculty and their suc- cessors "introduced hygiene and medical jurisprudence into their curriculum (1833); they endeavored to increase the opportuni- ties for instruction by voluntarily lengthen- ing their course to six months; they early taught auscultation and percussion (1841); they instituted lectures on pharmacy (1844); they gave a complete course on op- erative surgery (1845) and pathology (1847); they encouraged preparatory medi- cal schools; they were either first or second to enforce dissection; they established com- pulsory courses in experimental physiology and microscopy (1854); they were among the first to introduce the study of specialties and first to make an independent chair of diseases of women and children."

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY.

In the central part of the city, conve- niently located and easily accessible, a group of substantial but unostentatious buildings house the activities of the Johns Hopkins University, the most important educational institution of Baltimore. The various academic buildings abut upon Howard, Eutaw, Monument and Little Ross streets and occupy the greater portion of the block included within these streets.

The Johns Hopkins University with its sister institution, the Johns Hopkins Hos- pital, owes its foundation to the large muni- ficence of the Baltimore merchant whose name it bears. A corporation was formed in 1867, during the life-time and at the

request of the founder, and three years later a board of trustees was formally organized. Upon the death of Johns Hop- kins on December 24, 1873, it appeared that the principal part of his fortune had been bequeathed in practically equal parts to the university and the hospital. Doc- tor Daniel C. Gilman was vested with the executive control of the institution in the spring of 1875, and in the autumn of 1876 the work of instruction was formally in- augurated.

The organization, method and scope of the university have been described by Pres- ident Gilman as follows: "The university is organized upon the principle that it is a body of teachers and scholars * * In this society are recognized two important grades-the collegiate students who are as- pirants for the diploma of Bachelor of Arts -- and the university students, including the few who may be candidates for a higher diploma * * * and a large number who without any reference to a degree are simply continuing their studies for varying periods. Corresponding to the wants of these two classes of students, there are two methods of instruction-the rule of the col- lege, which provides discipline, drill, train- ing in appointed tasks for definite periods; and the rule of the university, the note of which is opportunity, freedom, encourage- ment and guidance in more difficult studies, inquiries and pursuits."

In the twenty-one years of academic ac- tivity since the opening of the university, 3,146 individuals have been enrolled as stu- dents. Of these 1,054 have came from Bal- timore; 1,299 from Maryland and 1,847 from sixty-two other States and countries. Of the aggregate student body, 1,919 have

HISTORY OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

entered as graduates and 1,227 as under- graduates; 532 persons have received the degree of Bachelor of Arts; 436, that of Doctor of Philosophy; and 15 that of Doc- tor of Medicine. The enrollment in 1897 was 520, of whom 344 were graduate students and 176 undergraduates. Of the graduate students, 134 were in attendance in the medical department. The academic staff numbered in the same year 109 teachers.

The buildings occupied by the university have been erected in succession to meet the growing needs of the institution. For many years it was believed that the Howard street site was merely temporary and that the university would be ultimately located at Clifton, the county seat of the founder. The superior convenience of urban location asserted itself, building after building has been constructed in the city, and now there is little probability of a change of site.

At the corner of Howard and Little Ross streets stands the first university building occupied-the nucleus of the academic plant. It is now devoted to administrative purposes and contains the offices of the Johns Hopkins Press and of the Mary- land Geological Survey and United States Weather Bureau. Adjacent to it on the west is the geological laboratory. On the lower floor of this building is Hopkins Hall, the first general lecture hall of the university, now used as the principal chemi- cal lecture hall. Situated next to this build- ing on Little Ross street is the chemical laboratory opened in its present form in 1883. It is a plain but substantial struc- ture of pressed brick covering an area of about fifty by one hundred feet, and con- taining three full stories and a basement. Well equipped laboratories for elementary

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Author: Shepherd, Henry Elliott, 1844-1929, ed. 4n Publication date: 1898 Publisher: [Uniontown? Pa.] S.B. Nelson Number of Pages: 1344

Author: Shepherd, Henry Elliott, 1844-1929, ed. 4n
Publication date: 1898
Publisher: [Uniontown? Pa.] S.B. Nelson
Number of Pages: 1344