USA > Mississippi > Mississippi : comprising sketches of towns, events, institutions, and persons, arranged in cyclopedic form Vol. I > Part 91
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B. F. Kittrell was elected president in 1884 and 1885; Dr. E. P. Sale in 1886. In 1888 Dr. Wirt Johnston was reelected secretary for six years. Dr. S. V. D. Hill, of Macon, president in 1888, died in the fall of that year, and was succeeded by Dr. J. M. Taylor.
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Dr. J. F. Hunter was a member, in place of Kells, deceased, in 1888. In that year there was a limited outbreak of yellow fever at Jackson, and a quarantine against Florida.
Dr. J. M. Greene, elected president in 1890, reported in 1892 that "The service of our Gulf Coast quarantine inspection, and that of the auxiliary health boards of Jackson, Harrison and Hancock counties, without flaw or material friction, has yielded our State an absolute exemption from the dreaded exotic scourge, yellow fever." Gov. Stone commented: "The president of the board is one of our most learned physicians, of large experience and ardently devoted to the duties of his office. His efficient lieutenant, Dr. Wirt Johnston, has long served the State most faithfully and acceptably. Eminent in his profession, courteous in his bearing, conscientious in all his acts, as secretary of the board he is without a peer."
As reorganized under the code of 1892, the board, during the remainder of the administration of Gov. Stone, 1892-96, was as fol- lows: Dr. W. F. Hyer, of Meridian, president ; Wirt Johnston, secretary. Members of the State at large: W. B. Sanford, J. F. Hunter, H. H. Haralson, S. R. Dunn, H. H. Gant. District mem- bers: J. M. Greene, John Wright, R. S. Toombs, A. F. Kittrell, W. F. Hyer, E. F. Griffin, Wirt Johnston. In October, 1893, a great gulf storm destroyed the disinfection station of the board on Chandeleur island.
During Gov. McLaurin's administration, 1896-1900, the board was W. G. Kiger, of Brunswick, president; J. F. Hunter, Jackson, secretary. Drs. S. R. Dunn, H. A. Gant, H. H. Haralson, J. F. Hunter and O. B. Quin were the members for the State at large, and the district members Walton S. Greene, C. M. Murry, W. G. Kiger, G. W. Trimble, Frank D. Smythe (succeeded by H. S. Gully), B. F. Duke, R. W. Rowland. This board had charge of quarantine and other regulations during the persistent and alarm- ing yellow fever invasion of 1897, 1898, and 1899. Dr. Gant was inspector for the executive committee during this period. In 1899, also, there was an alarming spread of small pox. The board rec- ommended a general compulsory vaccination law, to the legislature of 1900.
The board appointed by Governor Longino was composed of John F. Hunter, H. H. Haralson, H. A. Gant, S. R. Dunn and Wil- liam M. Paine, for the State at large, and for the districts, W. S. Greene, P. W. Rowland, J. N. D. Shinkel, (succeeded by M. J. Alex- ander), C. D. Mitchell, H. S. Gully, B. D. Watkins, (succeeded by H. M. Folkes), E. P. Jones. Dr. H. A. Gant was president of the board and Dr. Hunter continued as secretary. This board had to contend with the small pox, which continued prevalent through 1900. The legislature did not accede to the recommendation of the former board, but passed a vaccination law permitting the supervisors in each county to make vaccination compulsory. It was impossible therefore, to make a thorough campaign against the epidemic. There were 2,722 cases and 595 deaths, from No-
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vember, 1900, to April, 1901. In November, 1900, yellow fever appeared at Natchez and Brookhaven, but the lateness of the out- break rendered it easy of control.
The following board was appointed by Governor Vardaman in 1904: State at Large-W. F. Scales, Macon; W. M. Paine, Aber- deen ; J. R. Tackett, Meridian; P. W. Rowland, Oxford; J. F. Hunter, Jackson. For the districts: Walton S. Greene, Aberdeen; W. W. Harrison, Tutwiler ; J. D. Smythe, Greenville; B. F. Ward, Winona; G. H. McNeill, Newton; J. D. Donald, Hattiesburg; E. P. Jones, Hermanville; H. H. Harrison, Jackson. Dr. Ward was chosen president and Dr. Hunter secretary. Two hundred appli- cants for license to practice medicine were examined by the board in May, and an ordinance was adopted which forbade expectora- tion on sidewalks and the floors of halls, etc., used in a public way. The board elects the county health officers, and the last election was made in April, 1905. Service of great value was rendered by the board during the yellow fever attack of 1905. (See Yellow Fever).
Some of the constant problems before the board are indicated in the report of President Ward, 1906. "It is stated that there is a steady and somewhat rapid increase in tuberculosis among the negroes. It seems probable that all negro cabins, where there is a shifting population as in towns and cities, and a considerable part of the rural district, are likely to become infected, as there is no pretense of sanitation or even of common cleanliness. Out of these hotbeds of syphilis, scrofula and consumption, come the cooks, nurses, chamber-maids and carriage drivers of the white people. There is no doubt that consumption is constantly on the increase among the white people of the Southern States.
This death on the pale horse is more terrible in its march than yellow fever and small pox combined, and the negro is its dread medium of transmission. Syphilis in the negro is firmly and permanently established as a racial malady. . It
. . is however, profoundly gratifying to observe that the white and black races are steadily and progressively drifting further apart." (See Yellow Fever.)
Heardsville, a postoffice of Yazoo county, located on Pine creek, 18 miles due east of Yazoo City, the county seat.
Heathman, a post-hamlet of Sunflower county, on the Southern Ry., 4 miles west of Indianola, the county seat and nearest banking town. It has a money order postoffice. Population in 1900, 35.
Hebron, a post-village in the north-central part of Lawrence county, on Silver Creek, No. 1, and a station on the Gulf & Ship Island R. R., about 15 miles northeast of Monticello, the county seat. A money order postoffice is maintained here, and it has a church, an academy, and a general store. Population in 1900, 100.
Heckla, or Monroe Station, a post-hamlet of Perry county, on the Gulf & Ship Island R. R., 8 miles by rail northwest of Hattiesburg, the nearest banking town. Population in 1900, 66.
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Heidelberg, an incorporated post-town in the southeastern part of Jasper county, and an important station on the New Orleans & North Eastern R. R., 10 miles south of Paulding, the county seat. It is a shipping point of some importance, and has a money order postoffice, an express office, several stores, two large cotton gins, a bank, 3 churches and a good school. The Jasper County Bank was established in 1905. Population in 1900, 228; in 1906, 400 (estimated).
Hellespont, a hamlet in the northeastern part of Newton county. It has rural free delivery from Battlefield.
Helm, a postoffice in the northeastern part of Washington county, on the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley R. R., about 15 miles from Greenville, the county seat.
Hemingway, a post-hamlet of Carroll county, about 12 miles southwest of Carrollton, the county seat. Population in 1900, 60.
Henderson, a post-hamlet in the southern part of Wayne county, about 18 miles southwest of Waynesboro, the county seat. The station of Stevens, on the C. & O. R. R., is 5 miles to the east. Population in 1900, 30.
Henderson, John. This gentleman, a native of Scotland, was the first auctioneer and general commission merchant established at Natchez. His name appears first upon a memorial sent to con- gress early in 1798, previous to the establishment of the territorial government, asking for aid in the support of a regular ministry of the gospel and for schools for the education of the youth. He was appointed, 1802, treasurer of Natchez and the county of Adams by Gov. Claiborne. Two of his sons were Presbyterian ministers. His petition is of interest as echoing the prayer of the pioneers of Ohio for support of churches and schools by the reser- vation of public lands, which found expression along with the judgment of congress that aid should be given to schools only, in the ordinance of 1787. Mr. Henderson came to America in 1770, settled at Baton Rouge in 1775, and at Natchez in 1787. The American Almanac, noting his death May 9, 1842, at the age of 86 years, alludes to him as the "oldest man in Natchez."
Henderson, John, United States senator, was a native of the North, born in 1795, who came to Mississippi in early life, and practiced law at Pass Christian and Woodville. He represented the county of Wilkinson in the State senate in 1835-36, and was the author of resolutions asserting the invalidity of the legislature after the admission of representatives from new counties unrec- ognized in the apportionment. In politics he was a Whig, and an associate of John A. Quitman in the support of the doctrines of John C. Calhoun. He was elected to the United States senate in 1839, as a Whig, and served the term of six years, though the Mississippi house of representatives, in 1840, demanded his resig- nation for opposing the independent treasury bill. He was a warm supporter of the annexation of Texas and the conquest of Cuba and Mexico, and closely connected with Gen. Quitman in enter- prises of pith and moment. "In February, 1851, he was arrested,
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together with General Quitman, and put on trial before the United States court at New Orleans, for violating the neutrality laws by complicity with the Lopez expedition against the Spanish in Cuba. He was acquitted, but died soon afterward." (Lynch.) Senator Henderson practiced law at New Orleans, and died at Pass Chris- tian in 1857.
Hendersonville, an extinct town in Yalobusha county, which was situated about four miles south of the present city of Coffeeville, near a small creek flowing into the Yalobusha river. It is cele- brated as the place where the famous Col. T. C. McMackin, the hotel keeper, began his career. (For a more extended sketch of this old place see Yalobusha county ; see also Coffeeville.)
Henry, Patrick, was born in Madison county, Miss., Feb. 12, 1843. He studied at Mississippi college, Madison college, and Nashville Military institute, and in the spring of 1861 left school to enter the Confederate army. He served through the war and was paroled at Greensboro, as major of the 14th Mississippi. Re- turning to his home he farmed till 1873, when he began to prac- tice law at Brandon. He was a member of the State legislature in 1878 and 1890, and in 1896 was elected to the 55th congress, serv- ing till 1901. In 1903 he was elected to the State senate, and is now serving in that body. (See sketch in Official Register, 1904.)
Henryville, a hamlet in the southwestern part of Clay county, 3 miles from the station of Cedar Bluff, on the Southern Ry., and about 16 miles due west of Westpoint, the county seat and nearest banking town. Population in 1900, 51.
Herbert, a post-hamlet in the west-central part of Kemper county, 15 miles from Dekalb, the county seat. Population in 1900, 70.
Hermanville, a station on the Yazoo & Mississippi Valley R. R. in Claiborne county, about 10 miles directly east of Port Gibson, the county seat. It is an incorporated post-town, and had a pop- ulation of 287 in 1900. The population in 1906 was estimated at 400. There are four churches for white people and three for col- ored people. It has about twenty business houses and is a flourish- ing town. The Bank of Hermanville was established in 1906. It has a fine cotton gin, with a compress attachment ; also a splendid graded school, a Masonic lodge and a lodge of Woodmen of the World. About 7,000 bales of cotton are shipped from here an- nually. The town was named for Dr. M. B. Herman, a prominent physician of Memphis.
Hernando .- Situated in the northwestern part of the State, 22 miles from Memphis, and on the line of the Illinois Central R. R., is the little city of Hernando. It contains a population of about 700 souls, and lies in the midst of a good agricultural region. The principal crop in the vicinity is cotton and corn, though some at- tention is given to growing fruits and vegetables. Maj. T. C. Dockery has been especially successful in grape growing and wine making. The location of the town is desirable on account of the large local market at Memphis.
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It was made the county seat at the time of the establishment of De Soto county in 1836, and given its name in honor of the great Spanish explorer. The first courts were held in a small log house, where litigants were often forced to remain outside during the trial of their causes. The first hotel of the town was kept by Reuben Branch, a pioneer settler from North Carolina. One of the distinguished early settlers of the town was Felix Labauve, who came to the county while still a young man and embarked in the mercantile business. William White, father of Col. Thomas W. White, Simeon Oliver, a native of Georgia and afterwards State Senator, Dr. Henry Dockery, W. H. Johnson, an early mer- chant, Col. Buckner and J. P. Campbell, lawyers, were among the prominent early settlers in and near the town.
The Hernando Academy, incorporated in May, 1837, enjoys the distinction of being the first institution of learning chartered within the Chickasaw cession of 1832.
Hernando now has about forty business houses ; eight churches, five white and three negro ; telegraph and telephone service; two cotton gins; two schools, a public school and a kindergarten school, and two livery stables. The Hernando Bank was established here in 1890 and now has a capital of $25,000. 'The town supports a weekly Democratic newspaper-the Times-Promoter, edited by W. N. and G. L. Darden. It ships annually about 5,000 bales of cotton. It was formerly the home of Gen. N. B. Forrest, who resided here prior to his removal to Memphis.
Hero, a post-hamlet in the north-central part of Jasper county, 14 miles north of Paulding, the county seat. Population in 1900, 24.
Hervey, a postoffice of Claiborne county.
Hesterville, a post-hamlet of Attala county, 10 miles north of Kosciusko, the county seat and nearest railroad and banking town. Population in 1900, 28.
Hickory, a station on the Alabama & Vicksburg R. R. in Newton county, 71 miles east of Jackson and 28 miles west of Meridian. It is an incorporated post-town, with express and telegraph facil- ities. It has lumber mills, a good school, several churches and sev- eral good stores. "The Reporter-Index," a Democratic weekly established in 1888, is published here. The Bank of Hickory is a prosperous institution, capitalized at $30,000. The town was set- tled in 1860. Some of its first settlers were, A. E. Gray, Heidle and Edwards, James Bell, W. N. Raines, Lem Nelson, Harper Bros., Osborne and Grissette, and I. I. Barber. Its population in 1900 was 626.
Hickory Flat, an incorporated post-town in the southern part of Benton county, on the Kansas City, Memphis & Birmingham R. R., 22 miles southeast of Holly Springs, the nearest banking town. It was so named because of the presence of a grove of hickory trees in the vicinity. It has two churches. Population in 1900, 204.
Hickory Grove, a post-hamlet of Oktibbeha county, 8 miles east of Starkville, the county seat and nearest banking town. Popu- lation in 1900, 100.
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Hicks, a postoffice of Jefferson county, 5 miles southeast of Fay- ette, the county seat and nearest railroad and banking town.
Higdon, a postoffice of Marshall county, about 4 miles east of Holly Springs, the county seat.
High, a post-hamlet in Oktibbeha county, 14 miles northwest of Starkville, the county seat.
High Court of Errors and Appeals. Under the constitution of 1832 this body took the place of the supreme court of 1817-32. The name was doubtless intended to emphasize the desire that found expression in the constitution, that this court should "have no jurisdiction, but such as properly belongs to a court of errors and appeals." The former supreme court was made up of the cir- cuit judges. Since 1833, the high or supreme court of Mississippi, has been a separate tribunal in personnel as well as function. The high court was composed of three members, one to be elected by the people of each of three districts into which the State was divided for that purpose. The sessions were to be twice a year where the legislature should direct, until 1836, and after that at the seat of government. The first judges elected were to serve for two, four and six years, according to the number of votes they received ; afterward the term was six years.
William L. Sharkey, Cotesworth P. Smith and Daniel W. Wright were elected in May, 1833. Judge Sharkey's term expired in two years, Smith's in four, and Wright held the full term of six years. Sharkey was reelected in 1835, 1841 and 1847. He was chosen chief justice by his colleagues, in 1833, and continued to be accorded that honor until the end of his service. Sharkey resigned Oct. 1, 1851, and Colin S. Tarpey accepted appointment as chief justice, by Acting-Gov. Whitfield, but did not serve, and resigned, the right of appointment being questionable. Judge Sharkey's district elected William Yerger, in the latter part of 1851. Alexander H. Handy was elected in 1853, served through the Confederate States period, and was chief justice 1864-65.
Justice Smith was succeeded by P. Rutilius R. Pray, elected in November, 1837. He died in January, 1840, and ex-Justice Smith was appointed by the governor to fill the place until the special election called in February, 1840, when Edward Turner was elec- ted. He filled out the term of Justice Pray, and was not a candi- date for reelection in 1843, when Joseph S. B. Thacher was elected. The latter was defeated for reelection in 1849 by Cotesworth P. Smith, who was made chief justice in November, 1851, an honor he retained until his death in 1863. His successor on the bencli was David W. Hurst, 1863-65.
Justice Wright resigned in 1838, and James F. Trotter was ap- pointed in December, 1838. He was elected in November, 1839, but resigned in 1842; the governor appointed Reuben Davis in April, who served until a special August election, when Alexander M. Clayton was the popular choice. Clayton was reelected in 1845 and served the full term, until the November election, 1851. He was succeeded by Ephraim S. Fisher, elected in 1851 and 1857,
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who resigned in 1858. His successor was William L. Harris. An act of 1850 authorized the holding of an annual session of the High Court at Oxford; but the governor stated in 1852, that no such court had been held on account of non-attendance of the bar, and he recommended the repeal of the law.
The constitution of 1861 made no change in the High Court. "The functions of the supreme [High] court were virtually sus- pended during the war, although its organization was maintained, and a few cases of special importance were heard and determined. At the April term, 1861, only three cases were decided; at the October term, 12. In 1862 there were no meetings of the court. At the April term, 1863, two cases were heard; at the October term, 1864, two cases, and in 1865 none. It does not appear that the Confederate States district court was ever in session." (Gar- ner's Reconstruction.)
The terms of all officers ceased, upon the fall of the Confederate power, in May, 1865.
Under the presidential reconstruction and constitution of 1865, which was a restoration of the constitution of 1832, with required amendments, there was an election of judges of the High court October 2, 1865, and Alexander H. Handy and William L. Harris were reelected, and Henry T. Ellett was chosen to succeed Hurst. It was noted among the features of this political crisis, that the judges were all "original secessionists." (Testimony of Judge Sharkey.)
The first term (a special one) was in January, 1866, when Judge Handy was made chief justice. The legislature of 1866-67 passed an act creating four high court districts, court to be held once a year at Oxford, Jackson, Macon and Mississippi City. But the high court held this to be unconstitutional, and continued to hold two sessions a year at Jackson only. Under the congressional policy General Ord became military commandant in 1867, and his admin- istration led to the resignation of Chief Justice Handy, October 1, who said in his letter to the governor, "The conduct of the com- manding general is such an invasion of the legitimate powers of the judiciary as to place it in a condition of military duress in which I cannot seem to acquiesce by acting under it." The other members of the court followed his example. The governor ap- pointed Thomas G. Shackleford, Ephraim G. Peyton and E. Jef- fords. Shackleford was chosen chief justice. In 1869 Judge Jef- fords was succeeded by George F. Brown. This court decided in October, 1869, the important cases of Thomas vs. Taylor, denying the validity of the "cotton money" (q. v.) issued by the State government during the secession period.
The high court was succeeded, under the constitution of 1869, by the supreme court (q. v.) organized in the spring of 1870.
High Hill, a postoffice in the southeastern part of Leake county, about 13 miles southeast of Carthage, the county seat. Popula- tion in 1900, 27.
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Highland, a postoffice of Tishomingo county, 12 miles due south of Iuka, the county seat, and about 30 miles south, southeast of Corinth. It has two stores, two large saw mills and a cotton gin.
Highlandale, a post-hamlet of Leflore county, and a station on the Southern Ry., about 15 miles northwest of Greenwood, the county seat. A money order postoffice is maintained here.
Hightown, a hamlet in the western part of Alcorn county, about 12 miles southwest of Corinth, the county seat, and the nearest railroad and banking town. Population in 1900, 75.
Hilgard, Eugene Woldemar, was born in Bavaria, 1833; was reared from the age of three years in America ; completed his col- legiate studies in Germany, receiving the degree of Ph. D., at Hei- delberg in 1853. He was State geologist of Mississippi from 1855 to 1873, during the same time filling the chairs of geology and chemistry, successively, in the State university. During the war Mr. Hilgard was busied in the search for salt for the people and saltpetre for the army, under the direction of the Confederate Nitre bureau. He also assisted in the construction and manage- ment of the nitre beds established at Jackson, until they were de- stroyed by the Union army. After the retreat from Abbeville, he remained at Oxford, and with the cooperation of the Federal pro- vost-marshal and post surgeon, saved the geological collections from injury, though the buildings were needed for hospital use. In February, 1863, he was detailed to establish Drummond lights on the Vicksburg bluffs, but was prevented by circumstances from succeeding in this. His important Report of Geology and Agricul- ture in Mississippi, 1860, printed at Jackson by Barksdale, was sent to St. Louis for binding, and remained there during the war. It is the great authority on Mississippi geology. (q. v.) After 1873
Professor Hilgard was with the University of Michigan two years, and subsequently a member of the faculty of the University of California. In 1880 he edited the report on Cotton Production for the 10th census, to which he contributed that part relating to Mis- sissippi. In 1894 he received the Leibig medal for agricultural re- search from the Academy of Sciences of Munich. The degree of LL. D. was given him by Columbia university and the universities of Mississippi and Michigan.
Hill, Robert Andrews, was born in Iredell county, N. C., March 25, 1811, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. He was reared after five years of age in Williamson county, Tenn., and his youth was passed in work on the farm, with enough schooling to enable him to teach a country school. In 1833 he married Mary Andrews. Being elected justice of the peace, he performed the duties of that office nine years, also practicing law. He engaged in the practice at Waynesboro, Tenn., in 1844, and was elected prosecuting attorney in 1849 and 1853. In 1855 he moved to Jacinto, Miss., where he practiced law and served as probate judge from 1858 and during the war. He was opposed to secession, took no part in military affairs, and devoted himself to the relief of the distressed. He was elected by the practically unanimous vote of his county to the
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constitutional convention called by Gov. Clark in 1865, and to the one called by Gov. Sharkey, in which he took part. He was ap- pointed chancellor of his district by Gov. Sharkey, and was com- missioned Federal judge for the District Court of Mississippi, by President Johnson, May 1, 1866. Justice Wayne, of Georgia, was assigned to the Fifth judicial circuit, of which Mississippi is a part, and Chief Justice Chase was also at one time temporarily assigned, but neither ever visited the State, and Judge Hill was practically without assistance until Judge Woods made occasional visits after 1869. Judge Hill was district judge for the State with the powers of a circuit judge for the northern district, until May 1, 1889, when a circuit court was established. When the civil rights act was passed by Congress in 1866, he visited the judiciary committee of the legislature, stated his opinion that the law was constitutional, and asked that all conflicting laws be repealed, which was done, with the result that but one indictment was ever returned under the law, and then the defendant was acquitted. Under the Re- construction act of 1867, Judge Hill's court was the only court authorized to issue the writ of habeas corpus and interfere with the military government. He held that the law was not intended to deprive the citizen of his constitutional rights regarding speedy and open trial, and frequently exercised the power of the writ when it was demanded. Judge Hill also had great powers under the Civil Rights bill of 1870, intended to suppress the Ku Klux Klan, but managed to secure the enforcement of the law without the infliction of penalties. He continued on the bench until Au- gust 1, 1891, rendering services of the greatest importance to the State. He was many years a trustee of the State university; in 1865 secured the suspension by congress of the proposed direct tax of nearly half a million dollars on the lands of the State; was the author of the method of selecting judicial officers of the State as embodied in the constitution of 1869 and followed in the con- stitution of 1890; was president of the State Bar association in 1890; aided in the organization of the intermediate court of ap- peals in 1891. In his valedictory he said "If I have an enemy in the State I am glad that I do not know it." J. F. H. Claiborne wrote of him, "His impartial and enlightened course on the bench has secured for him universal confidence and respect." Judge Hill died at a ripe old age at Oxford, Miss.
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