USA > Mississippi > The westward movement : the colonies and the republic west of the Alleghanies, 1763-1798 with full cartographical illustrations from contemporary sources > Part 49
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After the Blount plot had been discovered, the summer passed in Philadelphia with as much uncertainty as before. Pickering and Yrujo kept up their correspondence, and finally, in Angust, the Spanish minister wrote what Jay called " a fac- tions and indecent letter," which led Pickering to say that only a change in the Spanish humor could restore confidence and lead the United States to forget the past. The old suspicion still prevailed, and the procrastinating poliey of Gayoso with Elli- cott was held to be only a putting off to allow France to assert a sovereignty in Louisiana, which it was presumed she had already acquired. In November, 1797, King, in London, re- ported to Pickering that the Prince of Peace had lately declared that the Directory of France had demanded Louisiana, and that the court of Spain found " itself no longer in a condition to refuse." This was what Hamilton declared " plundering at discretion."
The news was indeed premature, for the treaty of San Ilde- fonso was three years off, and fortunately there was an interval left in which Spain could redeem her honor with the United States, and lead America, in Pickering's phrase, to forget the past. In November, Colonel Grandprie, who, under orders from Madrid, had arrived in November in Natchez, to take com- mand, was ignored by the committee, and when, in December,
573
THE MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY.
1797, fresh United States troops, under Captain Guyon, joined Ellicott at Natchez, it was a warning to Gayoso that he could not overlook. Events now moved rapidly, as they usually do when Spanish obstinacy gives way to fear. In January, 1798, Gayoso issued orders for the evacuation of Natchez, Walnut Hills, and the other posts north of 31°. Ellicott was notified on January 10. After the usual Spanish torpidity, finally, on March 30, under the cover of the night, and leaving everything uninjured, the Spanish troops filed out, and the next morning the American flag was run up. The Spanish troops retired downstream, and there was no place but Baton Rouge left for Gayoso to make a stand against an up-river approach. This place was but thirty miles above Iberville River, which bounded New Orleans inland on the north.
The American Republic was now, after fifteen years' waiting, in possession of the territory in the southwest awarded to it by the Treaty of Independence. We have seen that it had waited thirteen years in the north to get control of the lake posts. Congress at once (April, 1798) set up the Mississippi Terri- tory, covering the territory so long in dispute, and Winthrop Sargent, turning over the secretaryship of the northwest ter- ritory to William Henry Harrison, was sent to organize the government. He arrived at Natchez on August 6. Three weeks later (August 26), Wilkinson, as general of the Ameri- can army, and bearing in his bosom the secrets that made his prominence a blot both on himself and his government, arrived at Natchez with a little army of occupation. Meanwhile, Elli- cott had left, on April 9, to begin his survey, and for two years was engaged in the work.
So ends the story of the rounding out of the territorial in- tegrity of the Republic, as Franklin, Adams, and Jay had secured it in 1782, against the mischievous indirection of her enemies, French, Spanish, and British.
With a country completed in its bounds, the American character needed a corresponding rounding of its traits. Jay, in a letter to Trumbull, October 27, 1797, had divined its necessities : " As to politics, we are in a better state than we were : but we are not yet in a sound state. I think that nation is not in a sound state whose parties are excited by objects
574
THE UNITED STATES COMPLETED.
interesting only to a foreign power. I wish to see our people more Americanized. if I may use that expression ; until we feel and act as an independent nation, we shall always suffer from foreign influence." Hamilton wrote to King in a similar spirit : " The conduct of France "-and he might have added of Spain and Britain - " has been a very powerful medicine for the political diseases of the country. I think the community im- proves in soundness."
Not long before this, Teneh Coxe, of Philadelphia, made a survey of the condition to which the United States had attained : " The public debt is smaller in proportion to the present wealth and population than the publie debt of any other civilized nation. The United States, including the operations of the individual States, have sunk a much greater proportion of the public debt in the last ten years than any nation in the world. The expenses of the government are very much less in propor- tion to wealth and numbers than those of any nation in Eu- rope." The United States, with its rightful proportions se- cured, was now fairly started on an independent career.
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INDEX.
INDEX.
ABBOTT, at Vincennes, 112; at Detroit, 127.
Abingdon, presbytery, 328. Adamı, Robert, 61.
Adams, John, and the Transylvania movement, 97 ; going abroad, 163; in Paris, 183 ; his influence on the treaty (1782), 208; on the date of the treaty (1782), 219; his predictions, 226; in London demands the posts, 241; on the loyalists, 243; sees Brant, 273; praise of the British Constitution, 278; Davila, 408 ; elected President, 568. Adams, J. Q., at The Hague, 479.
Adet, arrives, 466 ; intrigues at the West, 561; returns to France, 570. Alamance, battle, 78.
Alexandria (Va.), as a port for the West, 248; western routes from, map, 249; Washington's estimate, 250; commis- sioners at, 256.
Alexandria Gazette, 370,
Alibamons, 31, 32, 161.
Alleghany Mountain routes, 410.
Alleghany River, 511.
Allen, Andrew, 66.
American, as a designation, 6.
American Anti-slavery Society, 289.
American Bottom, 25; map, 27.
American Gazetteer, 31, 503, American Military Pocket Atlas, 214.
American Philosophical Society, and western discovery, 533.
American Pioneer, 293.
Ames, Fisher, his speech on the Jay treaty, 481.
Anian, Straits of, 104, 238.
Arunda, Count d', 151 ; his views of the western limit of the United States, 210.
Armstrong, Ensign, 270.
Arnold, Benedict, his treason, 184; on the James River, 190. Assiniboils River, 104.
Aubry, Governor, at New Orleans. 33.
Angusta (Ga.), 9; Indian treaties at, 327. Awandoe Creek, 20.
Bancroft, Dr. Edward, in Paris, 147, 153. Bancroft. George, 161.
Banks, Sir Joseph. 239. Barker, Elihu, map of Kentucky, 526.
Barlow, Joel, agent for the Seioto Com- pany, 311; his map, 311-313; and the Scioto Company, 402.
-
Bathurst, Lord, 48. Baton Rouge, 109, 573 ; taken by Galvez, 162.
Bayagonlas, 109,
Bean, William, 44, 77.
Beatty, Charles, 43.
Beaulieu, in America. 34.
Beanmarchais, 146, 147, 152.
Beaver, a Delaware, 13.
Beaver Creek, 248, 295.
Beck, L. E., Gazetteer, 25, 172.
Beckwith, Major. 394.
Belpre, 421 ; position of, 297.
Bernard, Francis. 4.
Bernoulli, Daniel, 512.
Bland, Colonel, his ordinance for a west- ern State, 244.
Bledsoe's Lick, 123.
Blennerhasset's Island, 296.
Bloomer, Captain, 162.
Blount, William, made governor, 376 ; seeks conference with the Cherokees, 516, 523 ; in the Tennessee Convention, 559; expelled from U. S. Senate for intrigue, 568 ; his treasonable plot, 568.
Blount College, 529.
Blue Licks, battle, 204.
Bienville, in Paris, 34.
Big Bellies (tribe), 468,
Big Bottom, 421.
Bingham, William, 227.
Bird, Captain Henry, 139; his raid, 175.
Board of Trade, and the western move- ment. 44.
Bonne, Carte des Treize Etats Unis, 210, 211.
Bonvonloir, 145, 146.
Boone, Daniel. character, 44 ; portrait. 45; life by Filson, 44; goes West, 77, 80; gives warning of Dunmore war, $1; captured. 123; escapes, 123; de- fends Boonesborough, 123; helps Fil- son, 331.
Boonesborough, founded, 82; plan, 83; attacked, 111 ; defended, 123.
Boré. Etienne de. 551.
Boston, sentiment on the Jay treaty, 477. Bostonnais, 113, 142.
Botetourt, Lord, 50.
Boudinot, Elias. 227, 230, 237.
Boundaries, natural rersus astronomical, 260, 262.
Boundaries of the United States, out- lined by Congress, 160, 163 ; left to the decision of France, 200 ; effect of events
578
INDEX.
upon, 203 ; influence of England npon, 205; as fixed, 209, 218; by the St. ('roix, 218; alternative lines for the northern limits, 219; rectifications hoped for by the British, 240.
Bouquet, 7. 30, 293.
Bowen, Clarence W., 533.
Bowles, William Augustus, 384 ; arrested by Carondelet, 521.
Bowman, Colonel John, 111, 120 ; raid- ing, 138.
Buchanan's Station, attacked, 523.
Buffalo (bison), 295, 328, 401.
Bull, Colonel, of Georgia, 92.
Bullitt, Captain Thomas, 59.
Bullock, Governor, 92.
Bradford, John, 357.
Bradstreet, General John, and the Ca- nadians, 5; bargains for Indian lands,
Brant, Joseph, raiding, 194; would at- tack Fort Pitt, 204; feelings at the peace (1783), 237 ; his disaffection, 271 ; in England, 273 ; in conneil at Niagara, 273 ; dejected, 274; sends an appeal to Congress, 276; on the situation, 304; withdraws from the Fort Harmar Council, 309; and the St. Clair cam- paign, 424; his activity, 430; on the Presqu'Isle question, 437; in Phila- delphia, 442; with the Miamis, 447; confers with the American commis- sioners, 448.
Brehm, Captain, 138.
Brodhead, Colonel, sent to the frontier, 124; then to Wyoming region, 124; joins Melntosh, 124 ; succeeds Meln- tosh, 139; raids along the Alleghany, 140; hoping to attack Detroit, 140, 177; relations with G. R. Clark, 176; at Pittsburg, 177; to cooperate with Clark, 191 ; trouble with Gibson, 193; retires from Fort Pitt, 195.
Brissot, J. P., on the Scioto Company, 402 ; portrait, 403 ; Commerce of Amer- ica, 403.
Brown, Jacob, 79.
Brown, John, 538; his conference with Gardoqui, 362; in the Kentucky Con- vention, 369.
Brown, John Mason, in defence of John Brown, 557. Brownsville, 234. Bruff, Captain James, 483.
Brunel, Isambard, 514.
Bryant's Station, 204.
Burbeck, Major, at Mackinac, 483.
Burgoyne, captured, 115. 117.
Burgoyne's Convention troops, 126, 141.
Burke, Edmund, and the westward movement, 48; and New York, 65; French Revolution, 409.
Burnaby, in Virginia, 11.
Burnett's Hill, 20.
Burnham, Major John, 404.
Burr, Aaron, advocates the admission of Tennessee, 560.
Bury, Viscount, 6.
Bu hnell, David, 514.
Butler, General Richard, 66, 90, 256, 268; and the militia of Pennsylvania, 418; under St. Clair, 428.
Butler's Rangers, 128.
Cahokia, 25, 120; Clark at, 174.
Caldwell, Captain, 204. C'allender, his malice, 478.
Calvé, 172.
Camden, Gates's defeat, 181.
Cameron, Indian agent, 79; banding the Southern tribes, 89 ; among the Sonth- ern tribes, 136.
Campbell, Colonel Arthur, 384.
Campbell, Colonel William, would build a fort on the Tennessee, 178.
Campbell, General, sent to Pensacola, 160; captured at Pensacola, 189.
Campbell, Major, at Fort Miami, 459.
Canada, French in, 63; proportion of English and French in, 63; the French population asks to have the "old bounds of Canada" restored, 64; threatened by Lafayette, 159; to be admitted to the Confederation at her own pleasure, 167; discontented with the treaty (1782), 216; her merchants disconcerted at the treaty (1782), 219, 237; her trade, 219, 237; French in- trignes in, 568. Canajoharie, 251.
Cannon, the first used in Indian warfare, 175.
Carey, American Atlas, 382, 474, 516, 526, 544.
Carleton, Sir Guy, at Quebec, 23, 63; goes to England, 63; deprived of the charge of the upper lakes, 127; with- drawing troops from the Atlantic coast, 240.
Carmichael in Madrid, 183. Carolina traders, 9.
Carondelet succeeds Miró, 520; his in- trigues in Kentucky, 557 ; their failure, 557 ; delays Ellicott, 565; retires, 567. Carroll, Charles, 75.
Carver, Jonathan, on the American Bot- tom, 25 ; his career, 101; portrait, 102; at the site of St. Paul, 102; his maps, 103-105; his supposed provinces, 103; returns East, 104; Travels, 105, 214; map from his Travels, 215.
Cataraqui, 242. Catawba country, 10.
Catawba River, 77.
Catawbas, 88 ; join the North Carolinians against the Cherokees, 93.
Cayahoga River, 255 ; its character, 293. Celoron, 129.
Centinel of the North West, 539.
Charles Il. (Spain), 159.
Charleston (S. C.), to be attacked, 89; a rising of the Indians to be simultane- ons, 89 ; it fails, 92; surrendered, 138; attacked (1780), 181.
Charleston (Va.), 59.
Chastellux, Chevalier de, 251.
Chatham, Lord, and the use of Indians in war, 127.
579
INDEX.
Cheat River, 250.
Cheat River route, 254.
Cherokee River (Tennessee River), 10, 20.
Cherokees, 546; and Iroquois, 9; meet Governor Tryon, 10; war with the northern tribes, 14; invade Illinois, 26; map of their country, 31; their claims favored, 55; opposed by Franklin, 56; lease land to the Watauga settlement, 79; treaty with Henderson, 82; make land cessions, 88; ready for war, 89; their settlements, 92 ; their numbers, 92, 382; attacked by the whites, 92; brought to a peace, 93 ; cede lands, 95 ; Robertson among, 143; their claim to the Kentucky region invented, 167; rising (1780) are defeated, 178; active (1781), 192 ; their forays upon the Ten- nessee and Cumberland settlements, 381, 382; relations with the anthori- ties, 382; on the Scioto, 491 ; at Phila- delphia, 520-547; attacked by Orr, 547.
Chicago, 264, 491 ; American settlers at, 203.
Chickamaugas, 334, 382; recalcitrant, 93; settle lower down the Tennessee, 93; attacked, 136; attack Donelson's flotilla, 179.
Chickasaws, 88, 382 ; invade Illinois, 26 ; tribe, 30; map of their country, 31, 522; favor the Americans, 546 ; make peace with the Creeks, 552.
Chillicothe, settled, 500.
Chillicothe (Indian village), 176.
Chippewa River, 104.
Chippewas, their country, 39; on the Ohio, 43.
Chisholm, John, rumors about, 566, 567 ; sent to London, 571.
Chiswell mines, 10.
Choctaws, 9, 29, 30, 382; map of their country, 31 ; their bucks, 546.
Choiseul, 4; and England, 34; rejoiced at the American revolt, 36.
Christian, Colonel William, 93.
Cincinnati, Clark at its site, 176 ; founded, 315 ; seat of government for the coun- try, 401 ; population, 498.
Circourt, on the treaty (1782), 223. Clare, Lord, 40.
Clark, Daniel, 181.
Clark, George Rogers, his conquest of Illinois, 2; with Cresap, 66; buikls Fort Fincastle, 72; in Kentucky, 116; sent to Williamsburg, 116; sends spies to the Illinois, 117 ; again at Williams- burg, 117; his instructions, 117; de- scends the Ohio, 118 ; his face, 118 ; his land march, 118 ; captures Kaskaskia, 119, 129; goes to Cahokia, 120; aided by Vigo, 121; and by Pollock, 121; attacks Vincennes, 133. 135; leaves Helm in command, 135; at Kaskas- kia, 136; sends dispatches, 136; aban- dons plan of attacking Detroit, 137; disappointed, 141 ; his men promised lands, 141 ; at the falls of the Ohio,
141 ; his letters, 141 ; his memoirs, 141 ; struggling to maintain himself in the Illinois country, 143 ; his expenditures, 143; Pollock's aid, 143; bounty lands for his soldiers, 186; builds Fort Jef- ferson, 174; at Cahokia, watching St. Louis, 174 ; ranging with a Kentucky force, 175 ; relations with Colonel Brod- head, 176 ; at the Ohio Falls, 177 ; com- manding in Kentucky, 178; his aims (1781), 190; aiding Steuben, 190; his instructions (December, 1780), 191; moves down the Ohio, 193; inactive at the falls, 194 ; his hold on the Illinois country, 195 ; his conquest abandoned by Congress, 201 ; at the falls, 203; in- vades the Miami country, 204; effect of his conquest on the peace (1782), 213 ; cost to Virginia of his conquest, 247; Indian commissioner, 268; leads Kentuckians across the Ohio, 275 ; robs Spanish merchants, 275; his grant on the Ohio, 332; attacks the Wabash tribes, 345; seizes the stock of a Span- ish trader at Vincennes, 347; to com- mand on the Mississippi, 378; with the French faction, 532, 538.
Clark, William, 455.
Cleaveland, Moses, 502.
Cleveland, 264; settled, 502.
Clinch River, 81.
Clinton, Governor, 229.
Colden, on New England, 4.
Coles, Governor, 289.
Collot, Victor, Journey to North Amer- ica, 50; map from his Atlas, 291; Journal in North America, 444; ar- rested, 551; intrigues at the West, 560.
Colonies, English views of, 41.
Columbia River, 104; its existence sus- pected by the Spanish, 238; discovered by a Boston ship, 239, 392, 533.
Columbian Magazine, 269, 324.
Committee of Secret Correspondence, 145.
Conestoga wagons, 296.
Confederation, weakness of the, 188.
Confederation, Articles of, 167 ; delays in adopting, 169, 170.
Congress, deceived as to French and Spanish aims, 164 ; sends Jay to Spain, 164 ; grants western lands as bounties, 168 ; firm on the Mississippi question, 183; weakening, 184, 188; and the land cessions, 186 ; discredits Virginia's claims, 200; supine before the Span- ish demand, 200; awakes to the situa- tion and votes to yield nothing, 201 ; affirms the succession of the confeder- ated States to the territorial rights of the several colonies, 205 ; seeks to have the States quitelaim their western lands. 207; becomes powerless after the war, 228 ; demands the posts. 234; petitioned for survey of Ohio lands for soldiers, 244 ; prohibits occupation of Indian lands, 245 : accepts land ces- sions withont inquiry into title, 246 ;
580
INDEX.
considers the Virginia proposal, 246 ; opposed to settlements on unsurveyed lands. 271 ; raises troops in New Eng- land. 274 ; itsfinancial obligations, 282 ; establishes value of the American dol- lar. 202 ; in collapse, 344. See Conti- mental Congress.
Connecticut. dispute with Pennsylvania, 22; settlers at Natchez from, 110; offers a qualified cession of western lands, 186: her western lands, 264; dispute with Pennsylvania, 264 ; cedes her western lands, 264; her Western Reserve, 264 ; reservation in Ohio, 500 ; Firelands, 500.
Connectient Land Company, 500.
Connolly, Dr. (Colonel) John, 52 ; and Vir- ginia's dispute with Pennsylvania, 65 ; at Pittsburg, arousing the Indians, 85 ; his varied movements. 86; his plans of seizing Pittsburg, 86; captured, 86; intriguing, 308; an informer, 367 ; sounding the Ohio, 564.
Comor, James, 358.
Continental Congress, action on the Que- bre Bill, 75 ; address to Canadians, 75 ; sends commission to Canada, 75; ad- dress to English sympathizers, 75; creates three Indian departments, 85. Continental money, depreciation of, 163, 188.
Conway, Moncure D., 187.
Cook, Captain James, his voyage, 238 ; his journals, 238; accounts of his voy- age, 390.
Cooper, Thomas, 478.
Copper ore, 323.
Corn title of lands. 49.
Cornplanter, the Seneca chief, and Wash- ington. 424, 434 ; at the council of the Miamis, 443.
Cornstalk, a Shawnee chief, at Point Pleasant, 73; wavering, 114; mur- ' dered. 114.
Cornwallis, Lord, his plans, 138; surren- ders. 188, 202, 203.
Coshocton, 192.
Cowan, John, 59.
Cox, Zachary, 515.
Coxe. Tench. 574.
Crab Orchard, 99.
Craig, Major, 204.
Craig, N. B., Olden Time, 197.
Cramahé, in Canada, 63.
Crawford, John, 271.
('rawford, Colonel William, sent West by Washington, 43; on the Monongahela, 50; at Fort Pitt, 116; at Wheeling, 146 ; killed, 204.
Creeks. 30, 582; map of their country, 31. 383; in the Revolution, SS; unite with Cherokees in land cessions, 88 ; their savagery, 88 ; aid the Georgians, 92; and the North Carolina govern- ment, 328; in the Oconee war, 330; war with, imminent, 544 ; attacked by Spyjer, 541; numbers, 546.
Cresap, Colonel Michael, buys Indian lande H; on the Monongahela, 50;
a leader, 66; accused of cruelty, 72; goes to Boston, 86.
Crèvecœur, Lettres d'un Cultivateur, 66 ; maps from, 66, 67, 258, 259, 293-295; Voyage dans la haute Pensylvanie, map from, 299-301.
Croghan, George, sent to England, 8; at Fort Pitt, 13, 44 ; at Fort Stanwix, 15 ; on Indian trade, 23 ; mediator with the Indians, 53; to warn the Indians of a new colony on the Ohio, 57 ; agent of the Walpole Company, 60; trying to support the Indians, 61; living on the Alleghany, 72.
Crows (the Indian tribe), 468.
Crow's Station, 99.
Cruzat, 326.
Cumberland district, 143 ; Robertson ar- rives in, 143; population (1780), 180 ; found to be within the North Carolina lines, 180 ; articles of association, 180 ; perils from Indian raids, 180; Robert- son the leader of, 180 ; made a county, 180 ; population (1783), 328; its isola- tion, 334.
Cumberland Gap, 99, 328.
Cumberland Road, 252.
Cutler, Manasseh, his character, 281 ; ap- plies to Congress for land, 282; stands for the prohibition of slavery, 283; leagues with Duer, 292; favors St. Clair, 292; and the Ohio associates, 310; his questionable condnet, 311; his description of the Ohio country, 314; on the future steamboat, 317.
.
D'Abbadie, Governor, 34.
Dane. Nathan, 281; on the passage of the Ordinance (1787), 283; on the obli- gations of contracts, 290.
Danville, 99, 328; conventions at, 331 ; political club, 353.
Dartmouth, Lord, 70.
Dayton (O.), 498.
De Grasse, defeated, 212.
De Kalb, sent from France, 34 ; embarks for America, 151.
De Peyster, at Mackinac, 127; to aid Ilamilton, 130; his character, 130; anxious, 137; at Detroit, 142, 237 ; to dislodge Americans at Chicago, 203. Deane, Silas, in Paris, 147; commis- sioner, 150; his plan of a western State, 150.
Debts, collection of, under the treaty (1782), impeded, 229 ; interest on them, 230; date of prohibitory laws, 241.
Delaware, accepts Articles of Confeder- ation, 170.
Delawares, send messenger south, 90 ; friendly, 112; divided interests, 124; disaffected, 128; divided, 132; sus- pected, 139 ; peace party, 177 ; exciting suspicion, 192.
Denman, Mathias, 315.
D'Estaing, Count, his proclamation, 138; in American waters, 158.
Detroit, 175 ; described, 87 ; its strategie importance, 112; naval force at, 128;
581
INDEX.
anxiety at, 137 ; its garrison, 140; re- inforced, 141; De Peyster in com- mand, 142; garrison at, 176 ; still threatened, 177, 190, 198; its posses- sion demanded, 234.
Dickinson, John, 75; presents articles of confederation, 167.
Dickson, Colonel. 162.
Dinwiddie, Governor, 8.
Donelson, Colonel, goes to Nashville, 179. Doniol, 145, 223.
Doolittle, Amos, 363.
Dorchester, Lord, at. Quebec, 276; told not to assist the Indians openly, 276; his western intrigues, 367, 373; and St. Clair's campaign, 425; his injudi- cious speech, 454; returns to England, 483.
Doughty, Captain, 272.
Doughty, Major, 273.
Douglass, Ephraim, 236.
Drake, Sir Francis, 104.
Duane, James, 258.
Dnek River, 343.
Duer, Col. William, relations to Manas- seh Cutler, 292, 311 ; his failure, 435. Dunlap Station, 421.
Dunmore, Lord, opposed to the Walpole grant, 49; his creature, Connolly, 52; goes west, 57 ; his western grants, 59; takes Fort Pitt, 65; issues a procla- mation (April 26, 1774), 66; Delawares and Shawnees aroused, 68; on the Hockhocking, 73; makes treaty, 74; Tory sympathies, 74 ; and Henderson's Transylvania, 84 ; arousing slaves and Indians, 85 ; driven on board a frigate. 85; his plan to seize the northwest. 87 ; and the western Tories, 111 ; pro- poses to settle the loyalists on the Mississippi, 242.
Dunn, Map of North America, 214.
Durrand, 173. Dutchman's Point, 234. Dwight, Timothy, 531.
Eaton's Station, 91. Ebeling, 478.
Education, and the Ordinance (1787), 283, 289.
Ellicott, Andrew, 266 ; to run the bounds of Louisiana, 565; descends the Mis- sissippi, 565; interview with Caronde- let, 565 ; brings down his troops, 566. Elliot, Matthew, turns traitor, 128 ; raid- ing, 175; breaks up the Moravians at Gnadenhiitten, 195. Emigration west, 56.
England, her debt from the American war, 6; her misjudgment in bringing on the war, 144; effect of the French alliance upon, 154 ; acts of conciliation in Parliament, 154 ; her navy, 158 ; and the peace (1782), 210, 213; cost of the war, 220, 225 ; its losses, 225 ; her teni- per suspected, 226, 227 ; her traders in the Rockies, 239; supplying Indians . with powder, 275 ; her intrigues in
Kentucky, 373, 565; war with Spain, 564.
English Colonies, population, 6; pro- sperous, 6; combining, 7. Erie Triangle, 266.
Ettwein, Bishop, 56.
Evans and Pownall's Map, 39.
Evans and Gibson's Map, 100.
Evans, Middle Colonies, 251.
Expediency of securing our American Colonies, 25.
Fallen Timbers, battle, 459.
Fauchet, succeeds Genet, 541.
Federalist, The, 278.
Fenno, Gazette of the United States, 408.
Fergusson, defeated at King's Mountain, 181.
Filson, Jolin, on Boone, 44; surveyor,
315; killed, 316; in Kentucky, 331; his map, 331.
Finlay, John, 46.
Fish Creek, 68.
Fitch, John, map of the northwest, 321, 322 ; relations with Franklin. 324; ridiculed, 325 ; his steamboat, 512.
Fitzmaurice, Lord Edmond, Life of Shel- burne, 223.
Florida, Indians of, 37; Luzerne urges an attack upon, 164; Spain's desire for, 184; restored to Spain, 222. See West Florida,
Florida Blanca, Count, made minister, 151 ; offers mediation, 154.
Floyd, John, 61.
Fort Adams, 456.
Fort Armstrong, 139.
Fort Bute at Manchae, captured, 162.
Fort Charlotte. 89, 181, 521.
Fort Chartres, 26.
Fort Defiance, 456.
Fort Fincastle, 72.
Fort Finney, 272.
Fort Gage, 26, 113.
Fort Gower, 72.
Fort Harmar, 293; view of, 293; site, 299, 300, 303, council at, 308.
Fort Henry, 72, 112, 139; attacked. 114, 194, 204.
Fort Jefferson. 174, 178. 428.
Fort Laurens, 125, 132, 138 ; abandoned, 139.
Fort Lawrence, 269.
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