USA > New Hampshire > The statistics and gazetteer of New-Hampshire. Containing descriptions of all the counties, towns and villages statistical tables with a list of state officers, etc. > Part 29
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Rivers and Streams. The Mer- rimack River passes along the western part of the city; Amos- keag Falls is the largest on the river. In the ordinary stage of the water, the fall to the foot of the locks is forty-seven feet and the whole fall in the space of a mile is fifty-four feet. One of the most substantial stone dams on the river is built at the head of these falls, capable, at the average flow of water, to turn the whole river into a spacious basin connect- ed with the upper canal, for the use of the mills. The Amoskeag, or lower canal, was first construct- ed for navigation around the falls, and was connected with the Mid- dlesex in 1816, and at that date was the most expensive canal in New-England, with the exception of the Middlesex. The Hon. Sam- uel Blodgett, who died here many years ago, was the founder of this canal and expended a large for- tune in its construction without reaping any benefit therefrom-his death occuring about the time of its completion. He was a man of intelligence and enterprise and a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, soon after the Revolution. The upper canal is 4,950 feet long,
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forty-five feet wide, ten feet deep and is walled throughout with stone. The lower canal is 7,500 feet in length, and corresponding in its other dimensions with the upper. The fall from the upper to the lower canal, is twenty feet. The water power, secured by the dam and two canals, is estimated to be sufficient to drive nearly 250,000 spindles, and belongs to the Am- oskeag Mill and water power company. These falls were the re- sort of the Indians in the season, to secure fish for their year's sup- ply. Tribes would congregate here, for many miles around, and catch and dry the fish, there ap- pearing to be no end to the sup- ply. The early settlers followed in the tracks of the Indians. in this respect, for many years. Par- ties would come with teams freighted with salt and barrels, fifty miles distant, and camp out, and catch and salt down Salmon, Shad, Alewives, Eels and other kinds of fish, sufficient to last them the year. It was rare sport, and the fishing season, at " Skeag," was looked forward to with pleasure by the settlers, for many weeks, before the time ar- rived. Dams and other obstruc- tions have destroyed the whole run of fish, which swarmed the river from the ocean to its source in the White Mountain streams.
Piscataquoag River has its rise in Francestown. Weare, Dunbar- ton and New-Boston, passes through Goffstown and joins the Merrimack at the south-west part of the town. There is some valua- ble water power near its mouth. Cohas or Massabesic River is the outlet of Massabesic Lake. In the short passage of three miles to
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Merrimack River, at Goff's Falls, it falls over one hundred and twen- ty-five feet. Near the Merrimack there is a fine water power which is improved. There are several brooks in various sections of the town.
City. The city proper of Man- chester is located on the east side of the Merrimack and near the Amoskeag Falls. But few cities can boast of more rapid growth, enterprise, and general intelli- gence of its people. The Amos- keag Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1831, and purchas- ed all the land around the falls on the east side, and where the city now stands, including the valley cemetery. They now own nearly all the land to within one hun- dred feet of the west side of Elm street, and own and maintain all those streets on the west side of Elm, running towards the canal. The Amoskeag is the largest, and most powerful corporation in the State, and while it has always looked at the main chance (or their own interest,) it has always looked at the best interest of the city. For (what is termed) a soul-less institution, it has been very liberal in its donations. They gave the land for the Valley Cemetery, and many other lots in various other sections. In 1837, their first mill went into operation,. and from that date commenced the growth of the town which had increased in 1840 to 3,235 inhabi- tants. The streets are regularly laid out, and, in various sections of the city, public lawns were reserv- ed which have been laid out into walks and planted with shade trees. Some of them have beau- tiful artificial ponds. These parks
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NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
add much beauty to the city, and the streets around them, and are desirable locations for private res- idences. Many of the public and private buildings are hand- some and expensive structures. Some private residences, including grounds, have cost nearly $ 100, 000. There are fourteen church edifices, between thirty and forty school-houses, eighteen halls, eight hotels, court house, city hall, public library, two daily, two weekly, and one monthly newspa- pers, eight banks, one hundred and fifty factories and mechanical shops, of all kinds, thirty-six law- yers, ten insurance agents, thirty- four physicians, six dentists, and (in 1870) 3,286 dwelling houses, but at the present time (January, 1874,) it is estimated at 4,000. In 1870, ward one had 419 dwellings and 4,080 inhabitants; ward two, 253 dwellings, 2460 inhabitants; ward three, 768 dwellings and 4,296 inhabitants ; ward four, 615, dwel- lings, 4,073 inhabitants ; ward five, 338 dwellings, 3,170 inhabitants; ward six, 556 dwellings, 3,300 in- habitants; ward seven, 237 dwel- lings, 1,662 inhabitants; and ward eight, 100 dwellings, 541 inhabi- tants.
Churches. First Methodist Epis- copal Church. Rev. C. W. Taylor, pastor; organized 1829; house erected 1830. St. Paul, Methodist Episcopal, Rev. James Pike, pas- tor; church erected in 1840, value, $ 16,000. Universalist, Rev. G. S. Demarest, pastor; church dedi- cated February, 1840, value $ 11,000. Ist Congregational. Rev. Cyrus W. Wallace was pastor of this church for nearly thirty years. He re- signed his charge in 1873. No man who has grown up with Manches-
ter, is more generally respected and beloved by the whole commu- nity than Mr. Wallace. House erected in 1839; value $ 6,500. Franklin Street Congregational, Rev. William J. Tucker, pastor; church organized in 1844, as the Second Congregational Society. House valued at $ 11,000. First Baptist, Rev. A. C. Graves, pas- tor; church value, $ 60,000; organ- ized in 1839. Merrimack Street Baptist, Rev. A. Sherwin, pastor; church value $7,000. First Free- will Baptist, -, pastor; or- ganized in 1839. Pine Street Free- will Baptist, Rev. N. L. Rowell, pastor; organized in 1859. Uni- tarian, Rev. C. B. Ferry, pastor ; organized in 1840. Grace Church, Episcopal, Rev. Lorenzo Sears, rector; organized in 1841. Chris- tian, worship at City Hall, Rev. Elisha H. Wright, pastor. Ad- vent, worship at Martin's Hall, Rev. Caleb Richardson, pastor; St. Anne's, Catholic, Rev. William McDonald, priest; House erected in 1850 ; cost $ 20,000. St. Augus- * tine's, Catholic, Rev. J. A. Cheva- lier, priest; House erected in 1872; cost $ 45,000. St. Joseph's, Catho- lic, Rev. John O'Brien, priest; House erected in 1869, at an ex- pense of $ 70,000.
The church property of Manches- ter is estimated to be worth $ 270, 000; the three catholic churches owning nearly one half. Some of them are the finest and most ex- pensive structures, of the kind, in the State.
Schools. The whole number of schools in the city is forty-five, of which thirty-six are graded; aver- age length for the year, forty weeks; total amount of money annually appropriated for school
CITY LIBRARY, MANCHESTER, N. H.
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purposes $ 44,683.51; or $ 12.76 to each scholar in the city. The es- . timated value of school houses and lots is $ 220,000. There are 1760 male, and 1800 female children enrolled as scholars attending the public schools, and there are 500 children between the ages of four and fourteen years who do not at- tend any school. New-Hamp- shire laws, obliging parents or guardians of children, at certain ages, to send them to school a part of the year are very specific. It is evident that there is some- thing wrong somewhere to allow one-eighth of the children to be brought up in ignorance, which if allowed to continue will be sure to breed vice and misery in any com- munity. No city in New-Eng- land makes better provisions for schools and appropriates more money for school purposes in pro- portion to its wealth and popula- tion than Manchester, but if the children are not made to attend, it is money and labor lost. In 1844, the total amount of mon- ey appropriated for school pur- poses was $ 3,100, The princi- pal school houses are, High School, on Beech Street; Training School, Merrimack Street; Franklin Street Grammar School; Lincoln Street Grammar School; Spring Street Grammar School; Piscata- quoag Grammar School; and Am- oskeag Grammar School.
Joseph G. Edgerly is Superinten- dent of public instruction, William W. Colburn principal of the High School, and Daniel A. Clifford, Benjamin F. Dame, William E. Buck, Allen A. Bennett, and Charles F. Morrill, principals of the Grammar schools.
Library. The Manchester Ath-
eneum was established in 1844, mainly through the exertions of Hon. Samuel D. Bell, Hon. Daniel Clark, Hon. Herman Foster, Hon. Moody Currier, and other promi- nent citizens, with the design of founding a library, reading-room, and museum. The first purchase of books was made in March 1840, of six hundred and eighty-three volumes to which additions were soon made.
January 28, 1846, the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company gener- ously gave $ 1,000 for the purchase of books; March 24, of the same year, the Stark Mills gave $ 500, for the same purpose. In 1850, Manchester Print Works gave $ 500, for the same object. There were many donations made by members of the Association, and the library continually increased for nearly ten years.
In 1854 the Manchester City Li- brary was incorporated, and through Hon. Frederick Smyth the Mayor of the city, arrangements were made with the Atheneum Association together with the con- sent of the principal donors, to transfer their library to form the basis of a free city library. Sep- tember 6, 1854, the transfer was made, and the Manchester City Li- brary was established, with 2,956 volumes. There was a provision in the contract that no less than $ 1,000 should be appropriated an- nually for the increase of the li- brary, besides paying incidental expenses &c. February 5, 1856, Patten's building in which the Li- brary was located, was destroyed by fire, and all, save 596 volumes, were burned. The number of vol- umes in the library at the time of its destruction, was not less than
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NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
5,446. A new building has been built expressly for the library at an expense of $ 30,000, being the finest structure of the kind in the
State. The library now con-
tains 17,300 volumes. It nas a fund of $5,000, the interest of which is to be expended for the purchase of books. In looking down through the vista of the fu- ture, with its present provisions for increase, the magnitude of this library, fifty years hence, can read- ily be imagined, if nothing befalls it. The present officers are John P. Newell, President; Samuel N. Bell, Treasurer; and C. H. Mar- shall, Librarian.
Newspapers. Manchester Mir- ror and American, daily; Man- chester Mirror and Farmer, week- ly ; Manchester Daily Union; The Union Democrat, weekly, and New-Hampshire Journal of Music, monthly. (See tables.)
Among some of the early papers which were published prior to 1844, were the Manchester Democrat, by William II. Kimball, and Jo- seph Kidder. Iris & Literary Souv- enir by S. H. N. B. Everett; Week- ly Advertiser, by Isaac Kinsman; Manchester Gleaner, by Jolın Caldwell.
Banks. Amoskeag National; First National; Manchester Na- ional and City National; capital stock $ 600,000. Amoskeag Sav- ings Bank; Manchester Savings Bank; City Savings Bank, and Merrimack River Savings Bank. Total amount of deposits $ 7,541, 044.52 and more than twenty five per cent of all deposits in the sav- ings banks of the State.
Hotels. The Manchester House, City Hotel, Webster. House, Mer- rimack House, Tremont House,.
Amoskeag, Stearns House and Hazeltine House.
The Hazeltine House was open- ed in 1872, and built at an expense of $ 100,000. The Stearns House is a new and a fine four story build- ing, handsomely furnished, and well arranged. City Hotel has been built over twenty years and still holds its rank with good ho- tels. The Manchester House was built over thirty years ago, when Manchester was considered only a growing village. It has always been under the control of Mr. William Shepard, and has, in the various changes in the city, in erecting new hotels of more modern architect- ure, maintained the position of be- ing a first-class house, and always received its full share of public patronage. The four last named hotels are considered first class houses. The other hotels are good, respectable houses and are well patronized.
Halls. City Hall is located on the corner of Elm and Market streets. It was built in the season of 1845, at an expense, including the clock, of $35,000. When it was erected it was considered the finest building of the kind in the State; but the rapid change in architecture gives it an antique appearance, and many promi- nent citizens are talking of a new City Hall in keeping with the growth and wealth of their city.
The Old Town Hall was built on the same ground in 1841, cost- ing $ 17,000. It was destroyed in 1844 and the City Hall took its place.
Brown's, Merchant's Exchange, Faneuil, Grand Army, Granite, Kennard's, Merrimack, Music, Smyth's and Town's Hall on Elm
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MANCHESTER.
Street; Globe, Masonic, Odd Fellow's and Pytheon on Hanover Street, and Lafayette and Lyceum Halls on Merrimack Street, are the principal halls in the city. Symth's Hall is one of the largest in the State; Music Hall is a very hand- some room.
Squares and Parks. Concord, Hanover, Merrimack, Tremont and Park, are the principal parks. They are all located within the city proper, and offer a pleasant retreat in warm weather for the people to secure healthy recrea- tion, and pure air.
Cemeteries. There are many cemeteries in Manchester, the most important of which will be briefly mentioned.
Valley Cemetery. The grounds for this cemetery were generously donated by the Amoskeag Manu- facturing Company, the deed bearing date, January 25, 1840, and conveying nineteen and sev- en-tenths acres, pleasantly loca- ted on Mill Brook, and bounded north by Auburn Street, east by Pine Street, south by Valley Street, and west by Willow Street. There were certain provisions in the deed, debarring the use of money obtained for the sale oflots, for any other purpose than to benefit and beautify the grounds. The grounds are laid out with much care and taste, and the brook which is clear and meandering in its course through the grounds, adds much beauty to this lovely spot, the home of the dead, and the retreat of the mourner. Nearly all the lots have been sold, and another purchase has been made, of forty acres, and owing to the growth of Pine which covers this lot; it is called Pine Grove Cemetery. Cen-
tre Cemetery was located in the south part of Meeting house lot in 1759. It was much used till 1840. Forest Cemetery was located near the south-west corner of ancient Chester, and was used as early as 1735. A dense forest has now grown up over the graves. There are, on the west side of the Merri- mack, Piscataquoag, Amoskeag, and the Catholic cemetery. All these grounds are pleasantly locat- ed and are capable of being made pleasant resting places for the dead.
Masonic. Trinity Commandery No. 1; Adoniram Council, No. 3; Mount Horeb Royal Arch Chapter, No. 11; Lafayette Lodge, No. 41; Washington Lodge, No. 61.
Knights of Pythias. Granite Lodge, No. 3; Merrimack Lodge, No. 4.
I. O. of Odd Fellows. Wonolan- set Encampment, No. 2; Wildey Lodge, No. 45; Hillsborough Lodge, No. 2; Mechanics' Lodge, No. 13; Mount Washington En- campment, No. 16; Odd Fellows Mutual Relief Association. Odd Fellows Building on Hanover Street, is one of the finest edifi- ces in the city. The Order owns the building, and rents the lower story.
Independent Order of Good Tem- plars. Stark Lodge, No. 4; Mer- rimack Lodge, No. 44; St. Paul's, Total Abstinence Mutual Benefit Society. Union Degree Temple, No. 20. Tornverian.
Military. First Regiment New- Hampshire Volunteer Militia, Headquarters, Grand Army Hall. Amoskeag Veterans, Armory, Town's block; organized in 1854, Head Guards, Armory in Lafayette Hall, organized in 1865. Sheri-
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NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
dan Guards, Armory in Muse- um building, organized in 1865. Manchester Veterans, Armory in G. A. R. Hall; organized 1870. Clark Guards, Armory, Granite Block, organized in 1867. Ger- man Brass Band; rooms in Mer- chants' Exchange.
Mercantile Trade. The trade of Manchester is extensive. The city affords a market for a good farming country from eight to fif- teen miles around it, having a population of about 15,000 inhabi- tants-consequently many of these farmers do their trading where they market their produce. Elm is the principal street where the mercantile houses are located, al- though trade is increasing on many of the streets which are con- nected with Elm Street. There are about four hundred and fifty stores and shops for trade, of all kinds, many of which do a large business. Elm Street is straight, about one hundred feet wide, and paved with square blocks of granite, while the side walks are wide and paved with brick or con- crete. For over one mile this street is lined with large, mercan- tile blocks, and, for that distance, there is no street in New England, of the same length, outside of Boston, that can show more busi- ness life, with streets filled with teams and pedestrians, all busy in their various vocations. Some of the most important blocks are Blodgett's, Bradford's, Burge's, Brown's, Central, Connor's, Eme- ral, Ferris's, Johnson's, Kennard's, Kidder's, Lincoln, Marshal's, Mu- seum, Martin, McHugh's, Mercan- tile, Merchant's, Exchange, Mer- rimack, Methodist Church, Music Hall, Parsons', Bell's, Riddle's,
Quint's, Sanborn's, Smyth's, Smith's, Stark, Towne's, Union, Weeks', and Wells' blocks, are all on Elm Street; Calley's, Globe, Johnson's, Masonic, Odd Fellows', and Post Office blocks, on Hano- ver Street, and many other mer- cantile buildings too numerous, to mention. There are several large jobbing houses, dealing in flour, and corn. The capital invested in trade is estimated at $ 1,813,200.
Manufactories. The manufac- turing business is very extensive and important, being nearly equal to that of Concord, Dover, and Nashua, combined. The largest and most important is, first, the Amoskeag Manufacturing Com- pany. This company was incor- porated in 1831, with a capital of $ 3,000,000. The business is divided into three departments, viz. first, land and water power; second, manufacturing cotton goods, and third, machine and repair shop. They own all the land and all the water power used and occupied by all the mills and shops. This land and power they rent to the other mills at very low rates, the whole amounting to less than $ 40,000 annually. Their cotton manufactories are the largest in the State, consisting of five large mills. The first went into opera- tion in 1837. The machine shops manufacture machinery for cotton and woolen mills, steam fire en- gines, &c. There is a large foun- dery shop producing various kinds of castings. They now an- nually employ in their various manufactories, at the rate of 1,200 males and 1,800 females and chil- dren, with an annual pay roll of $ 1,110,000, and annually produc- ing 24,000,000 yards, consisting of
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COURT HOUSE, MANCHESTER, N. H.
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MANCHESTER.
denims, tickings, and sheetings, valued at $ 4,165,000; 70 steam fire engines, castings and various kinds of machinery, to the value $ 1,269,000, making the total pro- duction $5,434,000. Hon. Ezekiel A. Straw has the management of this large business, assisted by competent men.
Manchester Print Works, incor- porated in 1839 as the Manchester Mills. In 1847, its charter was changed to Merrimack Mills, and again in 1851, to Manchester Print Works, with a capital of $ 1,800, 000. In 1853 a part of their works was destroyed by fire, inflicting a loss of $ 125,000. It was soon re- built, but, in 1855, they were again visited by the fiery element, which destroyed one half of their large mill, causing a loss of $271,000.
Their business is under one gen- eral supervision, but in two de- partments, viz. Mills for manu- facturing cotton print cloths, and delaine cloths, &c .; mills for printing cotton goods and delaine cloths. They annually employ, in both departments, 1,000 males and 1,400 females and children, who annually receive for their labor $ 910,000, and annually produce 9,500,000 yards print cloth, valued at $ 712,500; 9,000,000 yards de- laine cloth, valued at $ 1,440,000; 380,000 yards casimere valued at $ 410,000, making the total $ 2,562, 500. The goods printed in the other departments, are valued at $ 2,750,000.
Stark Mills. capital, $ 1,250.000, were incorporated in 1838, and commenced operations in 1839. This corporation employs 400 men and 900 women and children ; the annual pay roll is $ 450,000, and their annual product 4,500,000
yards sheeting, 4,500,000 yards drilling, 240,000 yards duck, 1,500, 000 yards crash, and 1,100,000 seamless bags; the whole valued at $2,000,000. Phinehas Adams, agent.
Langdon Mills. Capital $ 500, 000; men employed, 150; women and children. 350; annual pay roll, $200,000; producing 5,000,000 yards sheeting of various grades, valued at $ 700,000. W. L. Killey, agent.
Namaskee Mills. Capital $ 680, 000; employ 91 males, and 145 fe- males; annual pay roll, $ 102,000; annually producing 1,600,000 yards gingham, $232,000; 500,000 yards flannel, $ 135,000. E. A. Straw, agent.
J. Brugger, Hosiery mill. Capi- tal, $50,000; employs 55 men, and 95 women and children; an- nual pay roll, $ 85,000; annually produce 78,500 dozen pairs woolen stockings, valued at $265,000.
A. P. Olzendam, Hosiery. Cap- tal, $50,000; employs 37 men, and 58 women and children; an- nual pay roll, $51,000; annually produces 60,000 dozen pairs wool- en hose, valued at $ 180,000.
Manchester Locomotive Works. Capital, $ 150,000; employs 675 hands; annual pay roll, $ 405,000; and annual product 156 locomo- tives, besides castings of every de- scription, valued at $ 1,560,000.
Amoskeag Ax Company. Em- ploys 60 hands; pay roll, 40,000; annual value of goods manufac- tured, $ 130,000.
Lowell's Iron Foundery. Pro- duces iron fences, lamp posts, col- umns, water pipes, gas pipes, &c .; employs 40 hands ; annual pay roll, $ 27,000 : annual productions, $ 75, 000.
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NEW-HAMPSHIRE GAZETTEER.
In 1870 the Unconoonook Mills employed 20 males and 8 females ; pay roll, $ 15,000; manufactured paper to the value of $180,000. Amoskeag Paper Mills employ 20 males and 20 females; pay roll, $ 16,800; produce paper to the val- ue of $ 300,000.
Manchester Gas Light Company. Incorporated in 1841, with a capi- tal of $ 100,000. It has laid twen- ty-one miles of pipe, from two to fourteen inches, extending through different parts of the city. The works have the capacity to furnish 300,000 feet of gas every twenty- four hours. The city, in all de- partments, is now consuming 50, 000,000 feet annually, and, rated at $2,50 per 1,000 feet, it amounts to $ 125,000. In 1854, 8,837,000 feet were consumed; in 1870, 30,000,000 feet. The number of burners in the mills is 10,000, in stores, houses, &c., 9,000, besides 224 street lamps. Forty-five men are employed, annually receiving for their labor, $ 28,000.
W. W. Hubbard, doors, sash, blinds, moldings and stair rails, employs 30 men, pay roll $ 21,000; value of productions, $ 42,000. Jeremiah Hodge, window frames, &c., employs 8 men, value of pro- ductions, $20,000. Bisco & Denny, card clothing, value of produc- tions, $26,000. John Cloworth, loom reeds, $8,000. B. H. Chase, pickers, $6,000. J. Baldwin, bob- bins, spools and shuttles, employs 52 men and boys, pay roll, $ 24,000, annual value of productions, $ 55, 000. S. C. Forsaith & Co., ma- chine works, annual productions, $115,000. D. B. Varney, brass foundry, annual value of produc- tions, $80,000. There are also three grist mills, annually grind-
ing 320,000 bushels grain, of all kinds, valued at $ 290,000; 6,075, 000 feet boards and dimension timber, valued at $ 128,000; news- papers and job printing, $ 100,000; excelsior, $ 30,000; carriages, made and repaired, $ 100,000; spokes, $5,000; fliers, $25,000; ale, $ 50, 000; boots and shoes, $75,000; granite and marble works, $ 75, 000, besides shops to manufacture files, rolls, harnesses, straw goods, window shades, tin ware, hair restorative, cigars, confectionery, belts, and many other shops too numerous to mention; the whole, in the aggregate numbering nearly 150. There are tailors, milliners, carpenters, masons, painters, book binders, gas fitters, blacksmiths, &c., &c. The capital invested in all the manufactories is $ 9,970,000, employing 4,290 men, and 4,966 women and children, with an an- nual pay roll of $ 3,674,000, and producing manufactured goods to the value of $ 18,108,000. The manufactured productions have increased, since 1870, nearly $ 5, 000,000, and the operatives about 1,000, But few cities in New-Eng- land, in proportion to their popula- tion, have exceeded these gains in manufactories.
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