USA > New Hampshire > The statistics and gazetteer of New-Hampshire. Containing descriptions of all the counties, towns and villages statistical tables with a list of state officers, etc. > Part 46
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Rivers. The principal rivers are Piscataqua, Lamprey, Squam- scot, Pawtuckaway and Spiggot. The total horse water power now used is 3,364.
Mountains. Pawtuckaway, in Nottingham and Deerfield, and Saddleback, in Deerfield and Northwood are the principal ele- vations.
Area. There are thirty-eight towns in the County, of which there were incorporated-in the reign of Charles I., two; in the reign of Charles II., one; in the reign of William and Mary, two ; two in the reign of Queen Anne; seven, George I .; thirteen, George II .; eight in the reign of George III .; and three by New- Hampshire. It was incorporated, March 19, 1771, and named in honor of Charles Watson Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham, by Governor Benning Wentworth. Its greatest length is thirty- four miles ; greatest breadth, thirty miles. Shire towns, Exeter and Portsmouth.
Agriculture. With the exception of Strafford County, the surface is less broken than that of any county in the State, and much of the land is well adapted to the raising of corn, oats, and hay, but the rust injures the wheat. In 1870, there were produced 18,596 bush- els wheat, 165,682 bushels corn, 72,976 bushels oats and barley, 484,000 bushels potatoes. Orchard productions, $ 126,000. 745,
382
ROCKINGHAM.
000 pounds butter, 73,000 pounds cheese, 66,000 tons hay, and 6,128 pounds maple sugar. The total value of agricultural productions, of all kinds, was $ 2,640,000.
Manufactories. The manufactures of the County are varied and important, of which men's and women's boot and shoe manufacturing is much the largest branch. The stock for many of the boots and shoes, made in the county, comes from the large shoe manufactories in Lynn and Haverhill, Massachusetts, ready cut out and generally put up in sixty pair cases, and sent by cars to their various destina- tions, to be bound and bottomed. This stock is charged to the workmen, the same as if it were in the leather, consequently, this State should have the credit of the benefit of the betterments, and the amount of the production, while, heretofore, Massachusetts has claimed the workmen, amount paid them, and the sale. This may duplicate New-England business, but it rightfully belongs to New-Hampshire. In 1870, the census gave the county as capital invested in the boot and shoe business, $ 194,000, employing 701 workmen, with annual amount of wages, $ 230,284, value of pro- ductions, $ 941,912. There is now invested in shoe business, $ 264, 000, employing 623 hands, annual pay-roll, $ 276,500, and produc- ing 930,000 pairs of boots and shoes, valued at $ 1,059,000. There are also employed on shoes, the stock of which was put up in cases, and brought from out of the State, 1,269 hands, annual pay-roll, $ 522,600, and producing 2,937,000 pairs of boots and shoes, val- ued at $ 3,167,000. This credit of over $ 500,000, the receipts for the labor of over 1,200 workmen, has been given to Massachusetts, as part of her resources, but by what tangible right, we are unable to explain.
Cotton Goods. This branch of business, is gradually increasing. 15,100,000 yards of cotton cloth of various widths, are annually manufactured, valued at $ 1,645,000; 618,000 yards woolen goods, valued at $ 214,000 ; 95,000 pairs hose, $ 152,000; 245,000 clap- boards ; 6,355,000 shingles and laths; and 29,667,000 feet boards and dimension lumber sawed, valued at $ 474,300; 234,500 bush- els grain ground, $ 267,700, besides various other manufactories. The total capital invested in manufactories of all kinds, is $ 3,926, 000; men employed, 3,840; women and children, 1,362; annual pay roll, $ 2,008,500, and value of productions, $ 11,005,000. (See tables.)
Valuation and Taxes. The total assessed value of the county, in
383
STRAFFORD,
1872, was $ 24,253,032 ; the true value, (as assessed on two thirds of the actual value) was $ 36,379,548. The total State, county, town and school tax assessed was $ 421,329.28, or seventeen mills on the dollar-the true per cent., eleven mills and one half.
Churches. Whole number of churches, 113, edifices, 112, seating capacity, 33,910, (or nearly 72 per cent. of all the inhabitants,) church value, $ 564,000.
Schools. Total number schools, 264, number graded schools, 52; number boys, 5,106, girls, 4,792 ; average attendance, 7,187 or 72 per cent ; average length of schools for the year, twenty-five and one half weeks ; value of school houses and lots, $ 315,185 ; annual amount appropriated for school purposes, $ 86,922.34, averaging to each scholar, $ 8.27.
Railroads. The railroad facilities in this county are very good, especially in the lower section. There are but six or seven towns in the county, but a railroad passes through some portions of it. The Manchester and Lawrence extends from Londonderry to Me- thuen, Massachusetts ; Concord and Portsmouth, from Auburn to Portsmouth ; Boston and Maine, from Plaistow to Durham in Strafford County ; Eastern, from Seabrook to Kittery, Maine; Ports- mouth and Dover, from Portsmouth to Piscataqua bridge ; The Nashua and Rochester, from Windham to Lee. The whole length of railroads in the county, is about 130 miles.
Miscellaneous. Total population, 47,297-male, 22,853, female, 24,440 ; foreign, 2,819; colored, in 1860, 97, 1870, 153; whole number paupers-native, white, 262, black, 4, foreign, 29 ; expenses for the year, $ 47,000 ; criminals convicted during the year-white, 25, foreign, 3. Whole number persons died, 659 ;- males, 315, fe- males, 344; number died over 80 years 83, or 122 per cent .; num- ber died with lung disease 149, or 223 per cent.
STRAFFORD. .
This is the second county in the State in point of manufactures. The surface is generally level, having no mountains of any magni- tude, the Blue Hills in Strafford having the highest altitude, or per- haps Frost Mountain, in Farmington, is of about the same elevation. Dover is the shire town.
Rivers and Bays. Salmon Falls River, on its north-eastern border, Cocheco, Lamprey and Isinglass rivers, are the principal streams, and, in their passages, furnish some valuable water power. Great
384
STRAFFORD.
Bay and the Piscataqua, divide the county from Rockingham county, on the east. These streams and their tributaries, now fur- nish 7,523 improved horse power.
Boundaries &c. It contains thirteen towns, of which one was incorporated in the reign of Charles I .; in the reign of George I., two; George II., three, and seven under the State government. Bounded north by Carroll County, east by State of Maine and Great Bay, south by Rockingham County, and west by Belknap and Carroll Counties. It was incorporated, March 19, 1771, and named in honor of William Wentworth, Earl of Strafford.
Agriculture. This county is small in territory, but much of the land is valuable for farming purposes, raising good corn, oats, hay and potatoes. The total number of acres of improved land is 94,650 ; annual value of productions, of all kinds, $ 1,146,464.
Manufactories. In proportion to its population and wealth, its manufactured productions, and the amount paid for mechanical labor, exceed that of any county in the State. The value of cotton cloth annually manufactured is $ 4,474,000; of calico goods, $ 3,447, 000. This cotton print business has increased rapidly since 1870. At that date, only printing 19,000,000 yards, while the present year, over 31,000,000 yards. There are sixty-one shoe firms, with a cap- ital of $ 1,237,000, employing 2,101 males, and 356 females, with an annual pay roll of $ 1,264,000 producing 3,837,000 pairs of men's, women's, and youth's boots and shoes, valued at $ 4,937,000; 4,628, 000 yards woolen goods, valued at $ 2,055,000; flour and meal, $ 292,000; also lumber, leather, oil cloth, glue and sand paper, carriages, machinery, bobbins &c. The total capital invested in manufactories is $ 6,373,000; men employed, 4,491, women and children, 3,201; annual pay roll, $ 3,403,000, and the product $ 16,916,000 worth of manufactured goods. (See tables.)
Valuation and Taxes. The total assessed value of the county is $ 14,899,029 ;- true value, $ 22,348,544. The total State, county, town and school tax assessed, was $ 273,517.20, or eighteen mills on the dollar-the true per cent. 112 mills.
Churches. There are fifty-six church edifices, seating capacity, 19,550 (or 642 per cent. of all the inhabitants in the county.) Value of the edifices, $ 290,000.
Schools. There are 176 schools, of which 58 are graded ; num- ber of boys attending school, 3,446; number of girls, 3,278; av- erage attendance, 4,120 or 61 per cent .; average length, for the
385
BELKNAP.
year, twenty-five weeks ; value of school houses and lots, $ 238,375 ; annual amount appropriated for school purposes, $ 54,327.80; av- erage amount to each scholar, $ 8.08.
Railroads. With the exception of Strafford, nearly every town in the county is visited by railroad cars. The Boston and Maine runs from Durham to Berwick in Maine ; Great Falls and Conway, from Maine line to Wakefield; Cocheco, from Dover to New Dur- ham ; and Portsmouth and Dover Railroad, from Piscataqua River to Dover city ; Nashua and Rochester, from Lee to Rochester. Total length of railroads in the county is about 79 miles.
Miscellaneous. Total population of the county, 30,243-males, 14,448, females, 15,795 ; foreign, 3,885; colored, 44. Criminals convicted-white, native, 125, foreign, 180; paupers-native, 195, foreign, 95; expense for the year, $ 18,973. Whole number of deaths for the year 1870, 307 ;- males, 151, females, 153; number died at eighty years of age and over, 26 or 82 per cent .; number died with lung disease, 67, or 22 per cent.
BELKNAP.
This county was originally a part of Strafford county, and was incorporated December 22, 1840. The surface is broken by moun- tains, hills, valleys and lakes, producing some beautiful scenery. The soil is good, and is well adapted to grazing, and the various kinds of productions, common to the latitude. Gilmanton Moun- tain is the principal elevation.
Lakes, Bays and Rivers. The north-eastern portion of the coun- ty is watered by Winnipiseogee Lake, and Alton Bay, an arm of the lake extending about six miles into Alton. Winnipiseogee River is the principal stream, and furnishes some of the best water power in the State. The horse water power is 2,899.
Boundaries. North by Carroll County and Lake Winnipiseo- gee, east by Strafford County, south-west by Merrimack County, and west by Grafton County. Area, of improved land, 155,421 acres.
Towns. There are eleven towns, of which two were incorporated in the reign of George I., two in the reign of George III., and seven by the State government.
The county was named in honor of Dr. Belknap, the Historian of New-Hampshire. Shire town, Gilford.
Agriculture. There are annually raised 20,000 bushels of wheat.
386
BELKNAP.
91,000 bushels corn, 270,000 bushels potatoes,; 438,000 lbs. but- ter, 81,000 lbs. of cheese, 40,000 lbs. maple sugar, 39,000 tons of hay, and $ 391,000 worth of cattle fit for slaughter. The total value of farm productions, is $ 1,637,000. (See tables.)
Manufactories. The manufactures of the county are consi lera- ble, and rapidly increasing, the most important of which are cotton goods, $ 923,000 ; cotton and woolen hose, $ 750,000 ; woolen goods, $ 183,000; lumber, $ 274,000 ; flour and meal, $ 168,000; passen- ger and freight cars, and repairs, $ 700,000; besides other impor- tant mechanical works. The total capital invested in manufacto- ries, is $ 1,424,500, employing 1,212 males, and 892 females, with annual pay roll of $ 743,200, and producing $ 3,499,400. (See tables.)
Valuation and Taxes. Total assessed value of the county, in 1872, was $ 6,107.000 ; true value, $ 9,081,500, The total amount of State, county, town and school tax collected was $ 131,058.34, or twenty-one and one half mills to the dollar, true per cent. four- teen and a half mills.
Churches. Whole number of church edifices, 47; seating capac- ity, 12,135; (or 68 per cent. of the population;) church value, $ 158,500. (See tables.)
Schools. Total number of schools, 154, of which seventeen are graded ; number of male scholars attending school, 1,892; females, 1,654 ; average length of schools for the year, seventeen weeks ; total amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 18,159.45, or $ 5.30 to each scholar; value of school lots and school houses, $ 87,545.
Railroads. Railroads pass through seven of the eleven towns in the county. The Boston and Montreal Railroad extends from Til- ton to Ashland; and the Cocheco, from New-Durham to Alton . Bay. The total length of railroads, in the county, is about thirty- two miles.
Miscellaneous. Total population of the county, 17,681-males, 8,508, females, 9,093. Foreign, 687; colored, 41. Paupers - white natives, 52, colored, 8, foreign, 18; annual expense, 5,000. Crime-number convicted, for the year ; white, 3. Whole number of deaths in the county, for the year, 223 -- males, 101, females, 122 ; number died over eighty years of age, 31, or nearly 15 per cent; died with lung disease, 52, or over 23 per cent.
387
CARROLL.
CARROLL.
Ossipee, shire town. This is one of the mountain and lake coun- ties in New-Hampshire, having some of the finest natural scenery in the United States. It is broken by mountains and hills, but much of the soil is productive.
Rivers and Lakes. Saco, Pine, Bearcamp, Ossipee, and branches of the Salmon Falls River, are the principal streams. This coun- ty being the source of many considerable streams, they are, con- sequently, not large enough within itsterritory to furnish a perma- nent supply of water power for large manufacturing establishments ; however, it is very valuable, and turns many water wheels. The improved horse water power is 1812. Winnipiseogee and Ossipee Lakes are the principal bodies of water. Tourists, in the summer, find pleasant recreation at many points on their shores.
Mountains. Ossipee, Red Hill, Chocurua, Whiteface and Car- ter Mountains are the highest elevations.
Boundaries. North by Grafton and Coos counties, east by the State of Maine, south by Strafford County, and south-west and west by Lake Winnipiseogee and Grafton County. Area of im- proved land, 175,319 acres. It was originally a part of Strafford County, and was incorporated December 22, 1840. It contains sev- enteen towns, eight of which were incorporated during the reign of George the III., and nine under the State government.
Agriculture. Some of the land is cold, but excellent for grazing. In 1870, 17,000 bushels of wheat, 108,000 bushels corn, 328,000 bushels potatoes ; orchard productions, $ 68,000 ; 505,000 lbs. but- ter ; 16,000 lbs. cheese, 176,000 lbs. maple sugar, 50,000 tons of hay ; and cattle sold, ready for slaughter, $ 286,000. The total value of all farm productions was $ 1,808,000.
Manufactures The manufacture of men's and women's boots and shoes exceeds in value any other manufactured production, in the county, employing 182 hands, with annual pay roll of $ 64- 000, and producing boots and shoes to the value of $ 400,000; Woolen goods are produced to the value of $ 185,000, men's and women's hose, $ 45,500; leather tanned, $ 306,000; flour and meal, $ 74,200, and lumber, $ 161,000. The total capital in- vested in manufactories, of all kinds, is $ 583,000; employing 764 males, and 107 females ; annual pay roll, $ 295,800, and product of goods valued at $ 1,459,100.
Valuation and Taxes. The assessed valuation of the county, in
388
MERRIMACK.
1872, was $ 5,228,812-true valuation, $ 7,843,218. The total State, county, town, and school tax assessed, was $ 123,679.22, or twenty-three mills to the dollar-the true per cent. sixteen mills.
Churches. Number of churches in the county, 46 ; seating capac- ity, 10,830, (or 63 per cent. of the inhabitants of the county.) Churches valued at $ 65,500.
Schools. Whole number of schools, 187 ; number of male schol- ars-2,476, female, 1,925 ; average attendance, 3,113, or 71 per cent ; average length of schools, for the year, seventeen weeks ; number of graded schools, four ; amount of money annually appropriated for school purposes, $ 20,342.56, or $ 4.60 to each scholar in the county.
Railroads. Great Falls and Conway, from Middleton to North Conway ; Portland and Ogdensburg from Maine State line to Conway, through to Upper Bartlett; Wolfeborough Railroad, from the shore of Lake Winnipiseogee in Wolfeborough, to Wake- field, on the Great Falls and Conway Railroad. The total length of railroads, in the county, is about fifty three miles.
Miscellaneous. Population of the county, 17,333-males, 8,758, females 8,575; foreign, 176, colored, 13. Number of deaths in the year, 1870-142 males, and 159 females. Number died at eighty years and over, 36, or nearly 12 per cent ; died with lung disease, 70, or 23 per cent.
MERRIMACK.
Concord is the shire town of the county, and capital of the State. With the exception of Belknap, this is the only county in the State a portion of the border of which does not touch some other State. Its surface is broken by mountains, hills, and valleys, dotted with lakes and ponds, and lined with numerous rivers and streams. The soil on the rivers and streams, is very productive, while the hills and mountain sides, are good for grazing.
Lakes and Rivers. A portion of Sunapee Lake lies within its bor- ders, and it and Webster Lake, in Franklin, are the principal bodies of water. Merrimack, Pemigewasset, Winnipiseogee, Contoocook, Soucook, Suncook, Warner and Blackwater rivers are the princi- pal streams. The total improved horse water power is 8,740.
Elevations. Kearsarge, Ragged, Rattlesnake and Fort moun- tains, are the principal elevations.
Boundaries. North by Grafton and Belknap counties, east by Rockingham County, south by Hillsborough County, and west by
389
MERRIMACK.
Sullivan County. It contains twenty-six towns, four of which were incorporated in the reign of George I., two in the reign of George II., seven in the reign of George III., and thirteen under the State government. It was originally a part of the counties of Rocking- ham and Hillsborough, and was incorporated July 23, 1823.
Manufactories. The number of manufactories, of various kinds, is 446, steam horse power 764, water horse power, 8,740. Amount of capital invested in manufactories, $ 6,654,000; number of men employed, 4,567, women and children, 1,957; amount annually paid for labor, $ 2,777,000. The value of manufactured products, in sixteen towns, is respectively over $ 50,000, ten over $ 200,000, and six over $ 500,000. There is annually produced, of manufactured goods, of all kinds, in value, $ 12,771,000 worth, the most important of which are 33,634,000 yards of cotton cloth, valued at $ 2,609,000; 2,561,000 yards woolen cloths, of all kinds, valued at $ 1,801,000 ; 121,000 dozen pairs cotton and woolen hose, of various kinds, $ 381,000; 3,521 tons paper, of all kinds, $ 843,000 ; also lumber, $ 411,000; flour and meal, $ 788,000; leather tanned, $ 354,000; carriages, of all kinds, $ 650 000; furniture, $ 400,000 ; foundries, $ 280,000; railroad repair shops, $ 290,000; boots and shoes, 930, 000; leather hose and belting, $ 390,000; organs and melodeons, $ 120,000 ; harnesses, $ 270,000; and granite and marble dressed or quarried, $ 800,000 ; besides other manufactories of lesser note but important. .
Agricultural. The number of acres of improved land, in the county is 317,344; number of horses, 4,939, cattle, 28,828, sheep, 32,447, swine, 3,819; bushels of wheat annually produced, 28,215, rye, 5,166, corn, 184,662, peas and beans, 5,631, potatoes, 429,650, tons of hay,72,467, number of pounds of wool, 138,079, butter, 705, 516, cheese, 167,903, maple sugar, 89,802, honey, 6,630; gallons of milk sold, 147,215, maple molasses, 1,079. Estimated value of live stock, $1,886,649, orchard products, $ 100,345; garden prod- ucts sold, $ 22,363; forest products, $ 450,000 ; animals slaugh- tered, or sold, $ 575,055. Estimated value of farm products, in- cluding betterments $ 3,103,071.
Money and Stocks. Total amount of deposits in savings banks, $ 2,864,361 ; eight towns have over $ 100,000, and seventeen, over $ 50,000 deposited. Total amount of money on hand or at inter- est, $ 687,062. Total value of shares in corporations, and stocks in public funds, $ 552,388. Assessed value of stock in trade, in
390
MERRIMACK.
1872, $ 961,012. True value (as assessed on two thirds of the ac- tual value) $ 1,441,568. Total assessed value of the county, $ 21, 389,459. True value, $ 32,084,189.
Taxes. State tax, $81,408 ; county tax, $ 37.000 ; town and city tax, $ 224,281.66 : total tax assessed, $ 342,689.66, or sixteen mills on the dollar-true per cent. 10.7 mills.
Schools. Total number of districts, 308 ; number of schools, 334 ; number of graded schools, 46; number boys, 4,477 ; girls, 4 419 ; number of male teachers, 90 ; female teachers, 444 ; annual amount expended for school purposes, $ 58,564.56 ; estimated value of school-houses and lots, $ 231,760 ; number of school-houses unfit for schools, 52; academies, 5-male pupils, 310, female, 274.
Churches. Number of churches, 76; edifices, 75 ; seating capac- ity, 25,083, (nearly 60 per cent. of all the inhabitants); value, $ 501,500.
Railroads. The railroad facilities of Merrimack County, exceed those of any other county in the State. The Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad extends from Concord, through Canterbury and Northfield, to Tilton ; Northern extends from Concord through Boscawen, Franklin, Andover, Wilmot, to Danbury ; Bristol Branch extends from Franklin through Hill to Bristol ; Concord and Claremont extends from Concord, through Hopkinton, Warner, and Sutton to Bradford; Sugar River Railroad extends from Brad- ford through Newbury to Sunapee ; Contoocook Valley Railroad extends from Hopkinton through Hopkinton, Henniker to Hills- borough; Concord and Nashua extends from Concord through Bow and Hooksett, to Manchester; Concord Railroad, (east side of Merrimack River) extends from Concord, through Pembroke and Allenstown to Hooksett; Suncook Valley extends from Allenstown through Epsom to Pittsfield. The total number of miles of rail- roads in the county, not including side tracks, is about 160. A railroad passes through some portion of the twenty-six towns in the county. No railroad passes the borders of Salisbury, New- London, Webster, Dunbarton, Loudon and Chichester.
Miscellaneous. Total population, 42,151-males, 20,718, fe- males, 21,433 ; colored, 96; natives, 38,202; foreigners, 3,949 ; whole number paupers, 244-natives, 200, foreigners, 44; expen- ses, $ 27,837. Whole number of criminals convicted, during the year, 146-natives, 48, foreign, 98. Whole number died, 575- males, 281, females, 294; number died over eighty years of age,
391
HILLSBOROUGH.
71, or 12 1-3 per cent. or nearly one in every eight lived till eighty years of age and over. Number died with lung diseases, 166, or 28₺ per cent. Forty died in the town of Hopkinton, 10 over 80 years ; 21 over 70 years and 27 over 50 years of age.
HILLSBOROUGH.
This is the largest and most important county in the State, in wealth, population, and manufactures. The surface is varied, por- tions being broken by hills and mountains On the Merrimack, it is more level. There are no high mountains in the coun- ty ; the mountains in Lyndeborough, Greenfield, Peterborough, Hancock and Francestown having the greatest altitude.
Rivers and Ponds. It is well watered by numerous streams, the most important of which are the Merrimack River, passing through the eastern part of the county, from north to south ; the Contoocock River, running through the western section, from south to north ; The Souhegan, passing through the southern portion, from east to west ; the Nashua, coming from Massachusetts, passing through part of Hollis and Nashua; and the Piscataquog, in the northern sec- tion, flowing from west to east. These rivers, together with their tributaries, furnish good water privileges through the county. The horse water power improved is 18,770, or nearly double that of any county in the State. There is much good power which still re- mains unimproved, in all sections of the county. A portion of Massabesic Lake lies in the eastern section of the county, while there are considerable ponds in Hancock, Hollis, Brookline, Fran- cestown, and Amherst.
Boundaries. It contains thirty-one towns, ten of which were in- corporated in the reign of George II., twelve, in the reign of George III., and the remainder by the government of New-Hamp- shire. It is bounded north by Merrimack County, east by Rock- ingham County, south by Massachusetts, and west by Cheshire and Sullivan Counties. Area of improved land, 287,451 acres. Incor- porated March 19, 1771, and received its name from the Earl of Hillsborough, one of the privy council of George III. Shire towns, Amherst, Manchester, and Nashua. County Records, kept at Nashua.
Agriculture. Much of the territory is well adapted to the various crops usually raised in this section of the country. In proportion to the number of acres cultivated, (with the exception of Grafton and
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