USA > New Jersey > Essex County > Newark > A History of the city of Newark, New Jersey : embracing practically two and a half centuries, 1666-1913, Volume II > Part 21
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Commander A. S. Snow, U. S. N., commanding; Lieutenant H. C. Gearing, U. S. N., executive officer ; Lieutenant E. McC. Peters, navigator; Lieutenant (Junior Grade) Washington Irving, watch and division officer; Lieutenant (Junior Grade) Irving Blount, watch officer; Ensign Thomas Goldingay, Newark, watch officer; Ensign Charles M. Vreeland, watch officer; Ensign William P. O'Rourke, Newark, junior watch officer; Ensign Daniel A. Dugan, Orange, junior watch officer; Ensign A. N. Kemble, junior watch officer; Ensign F. Upshur, junior watch officer; Ensign C. F. Long, marines officer; Passed Assistant Engineer G. F. Burd, U. S. N., chief engineer; Passed Assistant Engineer B. F. Hart, first assist- ant engineer; Passed Assistant Engineer D. Ritchie, assistant engineer; Assistant Engineer James Quilty, assistant engineer ; Assistant Engineer H. Anderson, assistant engineer; Passed Assist- ant Paymaster A. H. Colby, Passed Assistant Surgeon M. S. Simpson, Pay Clerk Thomas Criss.
One ensign and five men were detailed from the Battalion of the East New Jersey Naval Reserves to the Resolute, which, early in the war, was engaged in transporting troops to Cuba, and later took a cargo of mines to Admiral Sampson off Santiago. During the battle with Cervera's fleet, the Resolute acted as a despatch boat and carried the news to Admiral Sampson that the fleet was coming out. The Resolute was present later at the bombardment of Manzanillos. After peace was declared she became Admiral Sampson's flagship and conveyed the Peace Commissioners to Cuba. Ensign George H. Mather, of the Second or Newark division of the Battalion of the East, had charge of the detail to the Resolute, and his men were: H. H. Garrabrants, C. M. Rivers, A. A. Delaney, C. Nevins and G. Schoonmaker.
A number of Newarkers served in the regular Army and Navy during the Spanish-American War, and many subsequently enlisted for service in the Philippines.
One of the very first American soldiers to fall in the Filipino insurrection in 1899 was Ralph Wilson Simonds, a graduate of Barringer High Schooland for a time a student at Princeton. He was killed in the initial demonstration of the natives. A tablet in one of the corridors at Barringer School tells the story:
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In Memory of Ralph Wilson Simonds. A Graduate of this School. Member First Washington Vol. Who Lost His Life in the First Battle With The Philippine Insurgents At Manila, Feb. 5, 1899. Aged 21 Years.
"Dulce et Decorum est Pro Patria Mori."
Besides the First Regiment, and the Naval Reserves, two other commands were recruited here: a company in the Eighth Colored Immunes, Captain Harry Jenkinson, and a company of the Signal Corps, under Carl F. R. Hartman. Newark furnished about 3,400 men for the Spanish-American War. The total for the State was about 8,800. In 1913 a movement was started by the Spanish War Veterans of Newark to erect a monument embodying the spirit of patriotism of 1898.
MONSIGNOR DOANE-STATUE AND TABLETS.
In the little triangular park immediately north of Trinity Episcopal Church stands a bronze statue of Monsignor George H. Doane, who died in January, 1905. The statue was the work of Clark Noble, and the funds were provided through popular sub- scription, men and women of all races and creeds contributing to perpetuate the memory of a good man who worked early and late for fifty years to make Newark a pleasanter and cleaner city to live in. Monsignor Doane spread the gospel of civic uplift wherever he went, and at a time when the city was singularly in need of such ministrations. He was a powerful force in promoting the early labors of the Essex County Park Commission; he gave fresh impetus to the movement for a Free Public Library building, a new City Hall, a new Post Office, and even worked for a good, well- lighted and equippedl police station in the Second Police Precinct. He had much to do with the establishment of St. Michael's Hos- pital, and at one time he traveled about the country raising money for the American College in Rome. At the time of his death a
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Jewish citizen of Newark wrote of Monsignor Doane: "Kind, noble, and possessed of the highest public spirit and patriotism, he enters to his reward. He will live in our memories and hearts. His charities and efforts were spent alike on every denomination. Jew and Gentile join in revering his memory and paying just tribute to his worth."
The Doane statue was dedicated on January 9, 1908. Addresses were made on that occasion by R. Wayne Parker and Ex-United States Senator James Smith, Jr.
Monsignor Doane was chiefly instrumental in procuring for the Free Public Library the piece of bronze sculpture over the front entrance to the Free Public Library. It represents a wise man of old expounding to youth. It was done by John Flanagan, who was a schoolboy in the parochial school of St. Patrick's Cathe- dral parish.
It is only within the last two decades that Newark has awakened to the need for statues and other artistic embellishments, and its progress in that direction is still slow. Dr. J. Ackerman Coles has given several objects of art to the Newark Free Public Library, and, also, a bust of Lincoln which is in the City Hall; a bronze group representing a white girl captive of the Indians returning to her own people, and a bronze bust of his father, Dr. Abraham Coles, the writer of several well-known hymns. The movement for bronze tablets referred to in other chapters is of recent origin.
In August, 1895, the statue of Frederick Frelinghuysen in Military Park was dedicated. The funds that provided for it were raised through the instrumentality of the Board of Trade. The sculptor was Karl Gerhardt, who made the Seth Boyden statue that stands in Washington Park.
A bronze tablet in memory of John D. Gilmary Shea, who died . in Elizabeth in 1892, a scholar of high attainments and an eminent historian of the Roman Catholic Church in America, was placed upon St. Patrick's Cathedral in 1912.
The Essex County Court House, completed in 1907, is one of
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DARK PLACE. LOOKING TOWARD POST OFFICE, 1913
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the most impressive buildings in Newark to-day (1913), and it stands as a beautiful inspiration to its neighborhood, to which, so far, that section has been slow in responding.
The latest and most noteworthy contribution to Newark's slender stock of art treasures is the statue of Washington in Wash- ington Park, provided for by the late Amos H. Van Horn. It is the work of the sculptor, J. Massey Rhind, of New York, and was dedi- cated in November, 1912, as told in a previous chapter, when impressive addresses were made by Justice Francis J. Swayze and by the Rev. William J. Dawson, of the First Presbyterian Church. The Rev. Joseph F. Folsom, of the Clinton Avenue Presbyterian Church, wrote for that occasion a poem of unusual excellence peculiarly valuable for its historical accuracy. It is as follows :
THE HORSEMAN WASHINGTON.
To-day, Rhind's masterpiece unveil'd, we feel A sense of olden time. Light horsemen ride On Jersey roads, and sleepless foemen hide In ambush. Everywhere the flash of steel.
The age of romance backward turns again, The din of modern traffic dies away; Once more we tribute to a hero pay, And cease awhile our wonted quest of gain.
Yon horseman in heroic bronze, who stands So nobly pois'd beside his pawing steed, Is Washington, who, in his country's need, Rode many weary leagues through many lands.
'Twas chill November when, in brave retreat, He passed this ancient common long ago; November brings him back again, but lo, A victor, rais'd above defeat!
Thus stood he by his charger when at last He paus'd his troops to wish a long farewell; Then, homeward mounting, rose away to dwell In peace, with all alarms of battle past.
Thus may he stand forever in our street, Ready to mount and ride in our defence; Or win us back with silent eloquence To nobler tasks, and daily lives more sweet.
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William H. Taft, then President of the United States, was to have delivered an address at the Washington statue dedication, but was called to the funeral of Vice-President Sherman. The Presidential election was but a few days ahead.
The invocation delivered at the unveiling by the Rt. Rev. Edwin S. Lines, D.D., bishop of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Newark, was noteworthy for its fervor and its appropriateness. It was as follows:
"Almighty God and Heavenly Father, we thank Thee for the remembrance of our first President and our inheritance in his great example of unselfish service of his country. We bless Thy Holy Name for all the good that has come to us in our national life, and we pray for the continuance of Thy blessings upon us as a people. Grant that the monument dedicated this day may stand as a rebuke to low ideals in our National, State and city life, and as a call to higher thoughts of service on the part of those set in authority and of all our citizens. May the spirit of Washington abide among us, and men who honor his name emulate his vir- tues. Comfort those who have been bereaved by the death of our Vice-President. At this time we make our special prayer for the spirit of wisdom and of a sound mind in our country, as we make choice of those highest in authority, that all things may be so ordered and settled by their endeavors upon the best and surest foundations, that peace and happiness, truth and justice, religion and piety may be established among us for all generations. We ask all in the name of our Lord and Master, Jesus Christ. Amen."
On September 24, 1913, a bronze statue of the late Ex-United States Senator John Dryden " was unveiled in the rotunda of the Prudential Insurance Company building. It bears this inscription : "John Fairfield Dryden, Founder of The Prudential and Pioneer of Industrial Insurance in America. A Tribute of Esteem and Affec- tion from the Field and Home Office Force." The sculptor was Karl Bitter.
3 In the course of his address on the occasion of the dedication of the statue, Richard V. Lindabury, general counsel for the Prudential Company, said: "Not only had all efforts to establish insurance for the workingmen failed up to that time [1873], but the losses sustained by the working classes in the ill-starred ventures of the friendly societies and the working- men's benefit associations had created a general and widespread distrust of the feasibility of such insurance. Mr. Dryden had not only to discover a new and better way, but also to overcome this distrust, the reasonableness of which no one could deny.
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THE BUILDING AND LOAN IN NEWARK.
The people of Newark are becoming more and more deeply interested in the beautifying of their city, and one reason for this is the remarkable prosperity of the Newark building and loan associations, by means of which thousands have found and are finding it possible to provide homes for themselves. The building and loans reach all classes of society. The possession of a home gives the owner a new and keener interest in the advancement of his city; all improvements benefit his property. New Jersey is third in the roster of States in the number and strength of its building and loans, and Newark leads all the communities in the State. It now (1913) has over two hundred building and loan asso-
"Nor were the times propitious. The force of the panic of 1873 was still unspent. The industries of the country were almost at a standstill. Mills and factories were running on half time or not at all. Labor was everywhere unemployed and soup-houses were the order of the day. The workingman could hardly be expected to insure against the future while his family were in need of daily bread which he did not have the means to procure."
After outlining the early struggles of the company, Mr. Lindabury said: "With the subsequent history of the Prudential you are all acquainted. At the end of 1890 it had issued and outstanding policies to the number of 1,231,604. This number increased by the end of 1900 to 4,046,955, and by the end of 1912 it reached the enormous total of 11,115,559. The insurance. covered by these policies amounted at the end of 1912 to the sum of $2,220,- 324,563. Against this the company now has assets of over $311,000,000 and an annual premium income of upwards of $80,000,000. * * * I think it [the secret of his success] lay chiefly in his habit of thoroughness -of preparedness. *
* * That this thoroughness extended not only to the subject of insurance but was habitual was shown in a notable instance during his service in the Senate of the United States. Congress had before it the question of the type of canal to be constructed across the Isthmus of Panama. The President of the United States had appointed an international board of consulting engineers to consider and report upon the subject. This commission, by a vote of eight to five, had reported in favor of a sea- level canal. The question was then referred to a committee of the Senate of which Mr. Dryden was made a member. This committee received the report of the international commission and took a vast amount of testimony
in addition. It also reported in favor of a sea-level canal, but over the dissent of Mr. Dryden and a few others who filed a minority report in favor of a lock canal. When the matter came up for consideration in the Senate Mr. Dryden made a speech in support of the minority report, which has been preserved and shows a mastery of the subject which could only have been acquired by months of the closest study and which must have aston- ished those who did not know Mr. Dryden as we of the Prudential knew him. The result we all know. The minority report was adopted and the canal which Mr. Dryden advocated is now approaching completion."
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ciations with a membership of about 68,000. The receipts of these associations, from all sources, was, in 1912, not far from $26,- 000,000.
ORGANIZED LABOR IN NEWARK.
Another pleasing element in the latter-day development of civic pride in Newark is the increasing interest shown by organized labor in good works that make for a better and happier com- munity. The unions have for the last few years worked through an organization of their own for better sanitary conditions in factories and workshops, stores, etc. This association is carrying on a vigorous anti-tuberculosis crusade, and it even provides treat- ment for union workers who are stricken with the "white plague," in the patients' own homes, including a proper diet. It seems impossible to determine when the first labor organization was formed in Newark. About 1804 there was a Cordwainers' Asso- ciation, with headquarters in New York, to which a number of Newarkers belonged. The earliest known labor union in Newark is the Hatters' Union, which was started in 1844. The first known move to centralize the unions and bring them in touch with each other through a central organization came in 1881, when the Trades Assembly of Essex County was founded. Its prime mover and the first president was Elisha M. Smith, and the first secre- tary R. W. Brock. The incarceration of a number of its members for about a month for their activity in promoting an early closing association movement, did much to build up the cause of organized labor. Little is known of the Trades Assembly after 1881. The Knights of Labor came into being in 1882 and practically took the place of the Assembly. In 1890 the Central Labor Union displaced the Knights. Besides the Central Labor Union there are the Build- ing Trades Council, the Metal Trades Council and the Allied Print- ing Trades Council.
CONCLUSION.
A general survey of Newark and of its multiplicity of activities and interests during the administration of the present Mayor, Jacob
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THE NEWARK Y. W. C. A. BUILDING Dedicated November, 1913
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Haussling, is not attempted in this work. It is not yet history. This is left for succeeding chroniclers to consider. The American- ization of the great throngs of immigrants, the development of the Newark Meadows, the further deepening of the Passaic River, the question of a ship canal, the completion of the Passaic Valley trunk sewer, the relief of traffic congestion, the building of sub- ways, the enlargement of the Newark Watershed area, the aban- donment of the Morris Canal, and the construction of a high-speed trolley line on the canal bed, the matter of a commission form of government, the inauguration of city planning, the development of the "Greater Newark" plan so as to take in more and more of Essex County (which is now-1913-almost solidly built up) and possibly West Hudson-are some of the larger questions or condi- tions which await disposition.
In the opinion of the author, which he hopes will be shared by all who may read this work, the happy ultimate solution of New- ark's problems of the present, is absolutely certain, in the light of her long and, in many ways, glorious history. She has met every great crisis in all the two hundred and fifty years of her history, unflinchingly, and has emerged stronger and better. Men and the means have always been at hand, sooner or later, in every impor- tant emergency. And, "Lest We Forget," this history of Newark has failed in one of its deeper purposes if it has not shown to the careful reader that the founders were, some of them, giants for their day and for any generation in the civic life of any city. New- ark was begun with high ideals; and it must needs continue with high ideals if it is to stay where it is or move above its place, not only as the fourteenth city of the United States in population and eleventh in the volume of its manufacturing output, but as a com- munity where men, women and children may abide in harmony and with a growing sense of the essential brotherhood of mankind- even as did the settlers of "Our Towne Upon the Pesayak."
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A. CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF NEWARK.
COMPILED IN THE OFFICE OF THE NEWARK CITY CLERK, AND REVISED AND EXPANDED BY FRANK J. URQUHART.
1666-Newark was settled May 17-20.
1667-It was agreed by all planters and inhabitants that they should be ruled and governed by such magistrates as they should annually choose among themselves.
1668-The first church, called "meeting house" by the settlers, was built. It was 26 feet wide, 36 feet long and fronted on Broad street, a little north of Branford place. In 1708, or thereabouts, a second church was erected, which stood a little further south. The present building, which stands on the other side of Broad street, was begun in 1787, and opened for public worship on the first of January, 1791. On its completion, the old, second, church was converted into a court house, for which purpose it was used until 1807.
1668-First General Assembly was held in Elizabethtown, delegates from Newark being Robert Treat and Samuel Swaine.
1668, May 20th-Commissioners of the town of Newark and Elizabeth- town met at "Divident Hill" to fix the boundaries between the settlements.
1668-The first grist mill was built and stood on the north side of First River, or Mill Brook, near the junction of Clay and High streets.
1669 to 1672-Two courts were held annually, verdict being by jury of six men.
1670-Newark's first hotel. Located in the home of Thomas Johnson, on the northeast corner of Broad and Walnut streets, on the site of the present Grace Episcopal Church. It was called an "ordinary."
1672 to 1675-Four courts were annually held. In that year the whole province was placed under county and other courts, and the rules of the selectmen terminated.
· 1673-Newark's population included 86 men.
1673, Sept. 6-It was ordered, "in consideration of the present dangers" -unrest of the Indians-that every man in town, under 60 and over 16, should meet together with their arms.
1673-New York surrendered to the Dutch, and the subjugation of New Jersey followed.
A transfer of allegiance to the Republic of Holland was demanded of the people of Newark, and it appears that 73 took the oath, 11 being absent.
1674-By Treaty of Westminster, New Jersey was restored to England, and Philip Carteret returned as governor.
1675-Trouble feared with the Indians. It proved groundless.
1675-The church was fitted up for a defence, and the men of the town working in turn; two flankers were placed at the corners and a wall between the lathe and outside filled with stones.
1676-The first school was established. John Catlin was appointed schoolmaster.
1679-A watch was ordered to be kept in the night and one-fourth part of the town should take turns carrying arms to church. This was during the time when Sir Edmund Andros, governor of New York, asserted authority over New Jersey on behalf of the Duke of York. The people of Newark, in common with the other settlements, resented Andros's interference.
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1679, March 29-The town having met together, gave their positive answer to the governor of New York, that they had taken the oath of allegiance to the King, and fidelity to the present government, and until they had sufficient order from his Majesty, would stand by the same.
1682-Newark had a population of about 500, having 10,000 acres of town lands and 40,000 acres of outlying plantations.
1683-The first poor person necessary to provide for.
1695-The first saw mill was commenced.
1696, Dec. 10th-By virtue of a patent granted by the Lords Proprietors of East New Jersey, the public lands and streets had been vested in John Curtiss, John Treat, Theophilus Pierson and Robert Young. In 1804, by act of Legislature, this trust estate was declared to be invested in the inhabitants of the township. The property consisted of the old Burying Ground, Washington Park, Military Park, the watering place and the public streets as then laid out.
1698-First tan yard established by Azariah Crane.
1708-Second church building erected about this time.
1714-First school house provided this year or a little earlier.
1719-The assessment of a town rate for the support of the poor com- menced.
1721-Free stone was quarried for market.
1736-Cider making well established.
1743-44-The first Trinity Episcopal Church erected.
1745-46-Two great riots-jail broken open by mobs, and persons held by land suits in favor of the English Proprietors, set at liberty.
1747-College of New Jersey, afterward Princeton College, started at Elizabethtown, removed to Newark in 1748-College remained in Newark about eight years, with Rev. Aaron Burr as president.
1756, Feb. 6-Aaron Burr, afterward vice-president of the United States, was born in Newark, just before his father moved to Princeton.
1761-First Lodge of Free Masons in New Jersey, St. John's, established.
1765-An Act of Assembly was passed authorizing the construction of a road and ferries over the Passaic and Hackensack to connect with the road previously existing from Bergen Point to Paulus Hook. This was the only direct road to New York, by land, for many years. The present plank road follows, very nearly, the route then constructed.
1774-The Newark Academy founded.
1776, November-Washington was stationed in Newark with an army of 3,000 men, for five days.
1780-The population of Newark was about 1,000. 141 dwelling houses, 38 in limits of what was afterward known as North Ward, 50 in the South Ward, 28 in East Ward, and 25 in West Ward.
1780-Battle of Springfield. At that time, part of Springfield belonged to the city of Newark.
1789-The Academy referred to above, which stood in Washington Park, was burned by the English troops.
1790-Newark's first industry established about this time-shoemaking.
1791-Present First Presbyterian church completed.
1792-In this year, or a little later, first free schools in Newark and probably in the United States, opened by Moses N. Combs, the father of Newark's industrial prosperity.
1792-The second Newark Academy established.
1794-First bridges over Passaic and Hackensack rivers.completed.
1796-Centinel of Freedom established. It denounced slavery, New Jersey being a slave state. Discontinued in 1895.
1800-The first company to supply Newark with water was chartered. The principal supply of water came from springs and wells located in what is now the Eighth, Eleventh and Fifteenth Wards. There were in all 73 wells and springs. Water was collected in a small reservoir about 150 feet south from the line of what is now Seventh avenue.
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1801-First Baptist Church established.
1801-Jewelry was manufactured by "Epaphras Hinsdale."
1803-Female Charitable Aid Society organized.
1804-Newark Banking and Insurance Company established first bank In Newark.
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