USA > New Jersey > Essex County > Newark > A History of the city of Newark, New Jersey : embracing practically two and a half centuries, 1666-1913, Volume II > Part 26
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COMPANY G.
Captain-John H. Arey, com. maj. Jan. 31, 1865; not must.
First Lieutenants-Thos. C. Chandler, res. Dec. 3, 1862. Jas. F. Layton, 2d lieut. Co. B; 1st lieut. vice Chandler, res .; res. July 17, 1863. Robt. G. Wilson, 2d lieut. Co. H; 1st lieut. vice Layton, res.
Second Lieutenant-Henry Nichols, res. May 15, 1863.
COMPANY H.
Captains-Jas. Branin, must. in Aug. 25, 1862; res. Oct. 24, 1862. Chas. II. Bliven, must. in Nov. 1, 1862; 1st lieut. Co. A, Aug. 22, 1862; capt. vice Branin, res.
First Lieutenants-Jas. Henry, must. in Aug. 25, 1862; res. Feb. 27, 1863. Win. G. Cunningham, must. in March 31, 1863; 2d lieut. Co. C, Nov. 1, 1862; 1st lieut. vice Henry, res .; prom. adj. Aug. 10, 1863. Wm. A. Nicholson, must. in Nov. 1, 1863; 1st sergt. Co. A; 1st lieut. vice Cunning- ham, prom.
Second Lieutenant-Robt. G. Wilson, must. in Aug. 25, 1862; prom. 1st Heut. Co. G, Aug. 10, 1863.
COMPANY I.
Captain-Chas. Mackey, res. Oct. 24, 1862. Ambrose M. Matthews, Ist lieut. Co. K, Oct. 2, 1862; capt. vice Mackey, res.
First Lieutenants-Henry Reynolds; res. Oct. 24, 1862. Chas. W. Johnson, sergt .- maj .; 1st lieut. vice Reynolds, res .; prom. capt. Co. E, July 17, 1864. Henry Van Orden; 1st lieut. vice Johnson, prom .; trans. to Co. K. Granville W. Bodwell; 1st lieut. vice Van Orden, trans.
Second Lieutenants-Peter Fields; res. Jan. 9, 1863. John Cooke, prom., vice Fields, res .; res. Aug. 5, 1863.
COMPANY K.
Captains-Hugh C. Irish, must. in Aug. 25, 1862; killed in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Jas. G. Scott, must. in Sept. 17, 1862; 1st lieut., Aug. 22, 1862; capt. vice Irish, killed; res. Jan. 13, 1863. Chas. A. Hopkins, must. in Jan. 31, 1863; adj., Aug. 22, 1862; capt. vice Scott, res .; brevet-maj., March 13, 1865.
First Lieutenants-Ambrose M. Matthews, must. in Oct. 2, 1862; 2d lieut. Co. E, Aug. 22, 1862; 1st lieut. vice Scott, prom .; prom. capt. Co. I, Nov. 1, 1862. George M. Hard, must. in Nov. 1, 1862; 2d lieut. Co. A, Aug. 22, 1862; 1st lieut. vice Matthews, prom .; prom. capt. Co. C, April 19, 1864. Henry Van Orden, must. in Aug. 31, 1864; trans. from Co. I; sergt., Aug. 14, 1862; sergt .- maj .; 1st lieut. Co. I, July 17, 1864; disgd. May 17, 1865; Special Order 262, War Dept., Adjutant-General's office, Washington, D. C. Second Lieutenants-Wm. H. Miller, must. in Aug. 25, 1862; private, Co. 1, 2d Regt .; 2d lieut. to fill original vacancy; prom. 1st lieut. Co. A,
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HISTORY OF NEWARK
Nov. 1, 1862. Heber Wells, must. in Nov. 20, 1862; 1st sergt., Aug. 8, 1862; 2d lieut. vice Miller, prom .; res. Aug. 24, 1863. Andrew Jackson, must. in Dec. 26, 1864; 1st sergt. Co. B; 2d lieut. vice Wells, res.
TWENTY-SIXTH NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
Colonels-Andrew J. Morrison, must. in Sept. 26, 1862; cashiered and dismissed, June 11, 1863; dismissal revoked by letter, War Dept., Feb. 6, 1864, to accept commission as colonel of the 3d Cav. Regt.
Lieutenant-Colonels-Thos. A. Colt, must. in Sept. 26, 1862; res. Nov. 15, 1862. Edward Martindale, must. in Jan. 6, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; capt. and com .- sergt., U. S. Vols., Sept. 19, 1861; lieut .- col. vice Colt, res.
Majors-Jonathan W. Camp, must. in Sept. 26, 1862; res. Nov. 11, 1862. Wm. W. Morris, must. in Nov. 19, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863; capt. Co. A, Sept. 2, 1862; maj. vice De Camp, res.
Adjutant-Jolin C. White, must. in Sept. 26, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
Orderly Sergeant-John H. Bailey, must. in Oct. 6, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
Surgeon-Luther G. Thomas, must. in Sept. 26, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
Assistant Surgeons-Wm. W. Bowlby, must. in Sept. 26, 1862; res. Dec. 29, 1862. Thos. S. Osborne, must. in Feb. 24, 1863; hospital steward, Sept. 25, 1862; asst. surgeon vice Bowlby, res., April 16, 1863.
Chaplain-David T. Morrill, dis. June 17, 1863.
COMPANY A.
Captains-Wm. M. Morris, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; prom. maj. Nov. 9, 1862. Stephen C. Fordham, must. in Nov. 19, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863; 1st lieut., Sept. 2, 1862; capt. vice Morris, prom.
First Lieutenant-Rochus Heinisch, must. in Dec. 6, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863; 2d lieut., Sept. 2, 1862; 1st lieut. vice Fordham, prom.
Second Lieutenant-Win. H. Meldrum, must. in Nov. 19, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863; 1st sergt., Sept. 3, 1862; 2d lieut. vice Heinisch, prom.
COMPANY B.
Captains-Wm. HI. Halsey, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; res. March 5, 1863. Mark Sears, must. in April 8, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; 1st lieut., Sept. 2, 1862, vice Halsey, res.
First Lieutenant-Jas. A. Linen, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863; 2d lieut., Sept. 2, 1862, vice Sears, prom.
Second Lieutenant-Jas. Sheridan, must. in May 29, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; sergt. Co. C; 2d lieut. vice Linen, prom.
COMPANY C.
Captain-Samuel H. Pemberton, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
First Lieutenant-Cornelius McClees, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
Second Lieutenants-Geo. Hogan, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; res. March 6, 1863. Thos. Booth, must. in April 6, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; 1st sergt., Sept. 3, 1862; 2d lieut. vice Hogan, res.
COMPANY D.
Captains-Matthias C. Dobbins, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; res. Dec. 6, 1862. Henry M. Bush, must. in Dec. 9, 1862; 1st lieut., Sept. 17, 1862; capt. vice Dobbins, res .; res. March 8, 1863. J. Lacey Pierson, must. in
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March 8, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; sergt .- maj .; 1st lieut., Jan. 16, 1863; capt. vice Bush, res.
First Lieutenant-Theodore Dougherty, must. in April 8, 1863; 2d lieut. Co. I, Jan. 16, 1863; 1st lieut. vice Pierson, prom.
Second Lieutenant-Moses A. Hogge, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
COMPANY E.
Captain-John Hunkle, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
First Lieutenant-Henry C. Terhune, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
Second Lieutenant-Ira Meeker, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
COMPANY F.
Captains-Walter H. Dodd, must. in Sept. 18, 1862: res. May 25, 1863. Robt. J. Beach, must. in June 7, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; 1st lieut., Sept. 3, 1862; capt. vice Dodd, res.
First Lieutenant-Wm. R. Taylor, must. in June 7, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; 2d lieut., Sept. 3, 1862; 1st lieut. vice Beach, prom.
Second Lieutenant-Frar.cis Daunbacker, must. in June 7, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; 1st sergt., Sept. 3, 1862; 2d lieut. vice Taylor, prom.
COMPANY G.
Captain-Geo. W. Harrison, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
First Lieutenant-Geo. W. Hixson, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
Second Lieutenant-Jos. H. Dunnel, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863.
COMPANY H.
Captain-Samuel U. Dodd, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; died June 6, 1863, of wounds received in action near Fredericksburg, Va.
First Lieutenants-Brittain Haines, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; res. Jan. 16, 1863. John I. King, must. in March 5, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; 2d lieut., Sept. 2, 1862; 1st lieut. vice Haines, res.
Second Lieutenant -- John Dodd, must. in March 5, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; sergt., Sept. 2, 1862; 2d lieut. vice King, prom.
COMPANY I.
Captains-John H. Higginson, must. in Sept. 19, 1862; res. Nov. 13, 1862. John McIntee, must. in Dec. 6, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863; 1st lieut., Sept. 9, 1862; capt. vice Higginson, prom.
First Lieutenant-Albert Allen, must. in Feb. 2, 1862; must. out June 27, 1863; 2d lieut,. Sept. 9, 1862; 1st lieut. vice McIntee, prom.
Second Lieutenant-Theodore Dougherty, must. in Feb. 3, 1863; corp. Co. A; 2d lieut. vice Allen, prom. 1st lieut. Co. D, March 8, 1863.
COMPANY K.
Captains-Israel Cozine, must. in Sept. 18, 1862; res. Nov. 11, 1862. Thaddeus Smith, must. in Nov. 19, 1862; 1st lieut., Sept. 11, 1862; capt. vice Cozine, res .; res. Feb. 1, 1863. Peter F. Rogers, must. in March 5, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; 2d lieut., Sept. 11, 1863; 1st lieut., Nov. 19, 1862; capt. vice Smith, res.
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First Lieutenant-John H. Case, must. in March 5, 1863; must. out June 27, 1863; sergt., Sept. 3, 1862; 1st sergt., Nov. 19, 1862; 1st lieut. vice Rogers, prom.
Second Lieutenants-John G. Leffingwell, must. in Nov. 19, 1862; 1st sergt., Sept. 3, 1862; 2d lieut. vice Rogers, prom .; res. Feb. 16, 1863. John Thompson, must. in March 5, 1863; must. out July 27, 1863; sergt .- maj., Jan. 16, 1863; 2d lieut. vice Leffingwell, res.
THIRTY-THIRD NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
The officers of the Thirty-third, and of the companies recruited in New- ark and Essex County, were:
Colonel-Geo. W. Mindil, must. in Sept. 5, 1863; must. out July 17. 1865; col. 27th Regt., Oct. 3, 1862; brevet-brig. and maj .- gen., March 13, 1865.
Lieutenant-Colonel-Enos Fouratt, must. in Sept. 4, 1863; must. out July 17, 1865; brevet-col., March 13, 1865; prom. col. 10th Regt. March 31, 1865; not must.
Majors-David A. Peloubet, must. in Sept. 4, 1863; res. Aug. 8, 1864. Thos. O'Connor, must. in March 27, 1865; capt. Co. F, Aug. 15, 1863; maj. vice Peloubet, res .; res. April 3, 1865. Nathaniel K. Bray, must. in April 28, 1865; must. out July 17, 1865; capt. Co. I, Dec. 20, 1863; maj. vice O'Con- nor, res.
Adjutants-Wm. H. Lambert, must. in July 25, 1863; prom. capt. Co. A Dec. 20, 1863; brevet-maj., March 13, 1865. Stephen Pierson, must. in Jan. 17, 1864; must. out July 17, 1865; sergt .- maj., Sept. 5, 1863; adj. vice Lambert, prom. brevet-capt. and maj., March 13, 1865.
Quartermasters-Jas. B. Titman, must. in Aug. 1, 1863; res. Jan. 26. 1864. John A. Miller, must. in June 1, 1864; must. out July 17, 1865; com. quartermaster vice Titman, res.
Surgeon-Jas. Reiley, must. in July 13, 1863; must. out July 17, 1865. Assistant Surgeons-J. Henry Stiger, must. in July 20, 1863; must. out July 17, 1865; com. surg. April 1, 1865; not must. Chas. W. Stickney, must. in Aug. 3, 1863.
Chaplain-John Faull, must. in Sept. 5, 1863.
COMPANY A.
Captains-Wm. G. Boggs, must. in Aug. 14, 1863; sergt .- maj. 13th Regt .; capt. to fill original vacancy; died Dec. 19, 1863, of wounds received in action at Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 23, 1863. Wm. H. Lambert, must. in Jan. 16, 1864; must. out July 17, 1863; adj., July 13, 1863; capt. vice Boggs, dec; brevet-maj., March 13, 1865.
First Lieutenants-Geo. M. Harris, must. in Aug. 14, 1863; prom. capt. Co. E, June 6, 1864. John C. Smith, must. in Sept. 25, 1864; 1st sergt. Co. I; 1st lieut. vice Harris, prom .; trans. to Co. F, Sept. 12, 1864. Joseph P. Couse, must. in Nov. 1, 1864; 2d lieut. Co. H, Aug. 26, 1863; 1st lieut. vice Smith, trans .; promoted capt. Co. I, April 4, 1865. Orlando K. Guerin, must. in April 30, 1865; must. out July 17, x865; 2d lieut. Co. C, Nov. 1, 1864; Ist lieut. vice Couse, prom.
Second Lieutenants-Wm. L. Shaw, must. in Aug. 14, 1863; private Co. H, 2d Regt .; 2d lieut. to fill original vacancy; res. April 12, 1864; com. quartermaster Jan. 27, 1864; not must. Alfred W. Bergen, must. in April 24, 1865; must. out July 17, 1865; sergt .- maj., Dec. 27, 1864; 2d lieut. vice Shaw, res.
COMPANY B.
Captains-Jas. R. Sanford, must. in Aug. 17, 1863; disgd Sept. 12. 1864. Alexander Eason, must. in Nov. 1, 1864; must. out July 17, 1865;
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2d lieut. Co. F, Aug. 15, 1863; 1st lieut., Feb. 20, 1864; capt. vice Sanford, disgd.
First Lieutenants-Jas. A. Somerville, must. in Aug. 17, 1863; res. Feb. 17, 1864. Francis Childs, must. in Nov. 7, 1864; must. out July 17, 1865; 2d lieut. Co. I, Aug. 29, 1863; 1st lieut. vice Somerville, res.
Second Lieutenant-Jas. Warner, must. in Aug. 17, 1863; must. out July 17, 1865; sergt. Co. D, 5th Regt .; 2d lieut. to fill original vacancy; com. 1st lieut. Co. K July 17, 1865; not must.
COMPANY C.
Captains-Amzi S. Taylor, must. in Aug. 29, 1863; res. May 23, 1864. ('has. A. Sutton, must. in Aug. 3, 1864; must. out July 17, 1865; 2d lieut., July 20, 1863; capt. vice Taylor, res.
First Lieutenant-Henry F. Sherwood, must. in Aug. 29, 1863; must. out July 17, 1865.
Second Lieutenants-Francis Taylor, must. in Oct. 23, 1864; corp. Co. HI; 2d lieut. vice Sutton, prom .; disgd. Jan. 24, 1865. Orlando K. Guerin, must. in Jan. 26, 1865; quartermaster-sergt .; trans. from Co. I as 2d lieut. vice Taylor, disgd .; prom. 1st lieut. Co. A, April 4, 1865. Patrick Hickey, must. in May 1, 1863; must. out July 17, 1865; corp., Aug. 11, 1863; sergt., Oct. 22, 1863; 1st sergt., Jan., 1865; prom. 2d lieut. vice Guerin, prom.
COMPANY E.
{ This company was mustered out of the service of the United States July 17, 1865, except those cases otherwise noted.]
Captains-Chas. J. Field, must. in Nov. 9, 1863; 1st lieut., Aug. 20, 1863; died in hospital at Lookout Mountain, Tenn., June 5, 1864, of wounds received in action at Fort Dallas, Ga., May 23, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Chattanooga, Tenn., Sec. D, Grave W. Geo. M. Harris, must. in Sept. 2, 1864; 1st lieut. Co. A, Aug. 13, 1863; capt. vice Field, dec.
First Lieutenants-Jos. L. Miller, must. in Nov. 9, 1863; 2d lieut., Aug. 29, 1863; 1st lieut. vice Field, prom .; killed in action at Rocky Fall Ridge, Ga., May 8, 1864. Wm. Wilson, Jr., must. in June 25, 1864; 1st sergt. Co. C; 1st lieut. vice Miller, dec .; prom. corp. Co. F, March 31, 1865. Jos. Crane, must. in April 4, 1865; 1st sergt. Co. H; 1st lieut. vice Wilson, prom.
Second Lieutenant-Edward Sandalls, must. in April 24, 1865; sergt. Co. K; 2d lieut. vice Miller, prom.
COMPANY F.
Captains -- Thos. O'Connor, must. in Aug. 17, 1863; prom. maj. Sept. 1, 1864. Wm. Wilson, Jr., must. in April 23, 1865; 1st licut. Co. E, May 10, 1864; capt. vice O'Connor, prom.
First Lieutenants-Geo. L. Begbie, must. in Aug. 17, 1863; re-enlisted Feb. 8, 1864. Patrick Dailey, must. in March 26, 1864; private, Aug. 15, 1863; sergt., Sept. 5, 1863; 1st sergt., Jan. 18, 1864; 1st lieut. vice Begbie, disgd. Sept. 12, 1864, for disability. John C. Smith, must. in Sept. 26, 1864; must. out July 17, 1865; trans. from Co. A, vice Dailey, disgd.
Second Lieutenants-Alexander Eason, must. in Aug. 17, 1863; 1st lieut. Co. B, Feb. 20, 1864. John Z. Taylor, must. in May 25, 1865; must. out July 17, 1865; 1st lieut. Co. E vice Eason, prom.
BATTERY B, NEW JERSEY VOLUNTEER LIGHT ARTILLERY.
The officers of the battery were:
Captains-John E. Beam, must. in Sept. 3, 1861; killed in action at Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, 1862. A. Judson Clark, must. in Aug. 20, 1862; 1st lieut., Sept. 3, 1861; capt. vice Beam, killed; brevet-maj., April 2, 1865.
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First Lieutenants-John B. Monroe, must. in Sept. 3, 1861; res. Aug. 1. 1862; disability. Geo. T. Woodbury, must. in Sept. 19, 1862; 2d lieut., Sept. 3, 1861; 1st lieut. vice Monroe, res .; prom. capt. Battery D, Sept. 16, 1863. Samuel H. Baldwin, must. in Aug. 29, 1862; 2d lieut., Oct. 11, 1861; 1st lieut. vice Clark, prom .; prom. capt. Co. F, 13th New Jersey Vols., Oct. 31. 1862. Robert Sims, must. in March 1, 1863; sergt., Sept. 3, 1861; 2d lieut., Aug. 29, 1862; 1st lieut. vice Baldwin, res .; dis. Nov. 28, 1864, Special Order 460, Par. 64, War Dept., Adjutant General's office, Washington, D. C., Dec. 21, 1864. Edward P. Clark, must. in April 7, 1864; quartermaster- sergt., Sept. 3, 1861; 2d lieut., Aug. 29, 1862; 1st lieut. vice Woodbury, prom. Jacob Rhein, must. in Jan. 17, 1865; corp., Sept. 3, 1861; sergt., April 23, 1862; re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864; 2d lieut., March 12, 1864; 1st lieut. vice Sims, dis .; res. May 29, 1865.
Second Lieutenants-Robt. Fairchild, must. in March 1, 1863; sergt., Sept. 3, 1861; 1st sergt., April 25, 1862; quartermaster-sergt., Sept. 27, 1862; 2d lieut. vice Sims, prom .; prom. 1st lieut. Battery A, Oct. 13, 1864. Benj. Galbraith, must. in Jan. 17, 1865; 1st sergt., Sept. 3, 1861; private, April 17, 1862; re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864; 1st sergt., Jan. 4, 1864; prom. 2d lieut. vice Fairchild, prom. Leander McChesney, must. în Jan. 17, 1865 ;. corp., Sept. 3, 1861; sergt., Feb. 11, 1863; re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864; prom. 2d lieut. vice Fairchild, prom.
APPENDIX I.
DELEGATES TO CONTINENTAL CONGRESS; SENATORS AND REPRE- SENTATIVES, FROM ESSEX COUNTY .*
Delegates. to Continental Congress-1774-1776, William Livingston, Elizabethtown; 1774-1776, Stephen Crane, Newark; 1776-1777, Jonathan Sergeant, Newark; 1777-1781, Elias Boudinot, Elizabethtown, President of Congress, 1782; 1781-1784, Silas Condict, Newark; 1785-1786, Josiah Horn- blower, Newark; 1786-1787, Elias Dayton, Elizabethtown.
United States Senators-1799-1805, Jonathan Dayton, Elizabethtown, served as Speaker in Fourth and Fifth Congresses; 1801-1803, Aaron Ogden, Elizabethtown; 1803-1817, John Condict, Orange; 1829-1833, Theo- dore Frelinghuysen, Newark; 1853-1859, 1863-1866, William Wright, New- ark; 1866-1867, 1871-1877, Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, appointed first in place of William Wright, deceased; 1893-1899, James Smith, jr., Newark; 1902-1907, John F. Dryden, appointed in place of William J. Sewell, deceased.
Representatives-1789-1795, Elias Boudinot, Elizabethtown; 1791- 1799, Jonathan Dayton, Elizabethtown; 1799-1808, John Condict, Orange; 1813-1817, Thomas Ward, Newark; 1827-1831, Isaac Pierson, Orange; 1831-1833, Silas Condict, Newark; 1844-1847, William Wright, Newark; 1853-1857, Alex. C. M. Pennington, Newark; 1859-1861, William Penning- ton,1 Newark; 1861-1865, Nehemiah Perry, Newark; 1867-1869, 1871-1873, George A. Halsey, Newark; 1873-1875, Marcus L. Ward, Newark; 1875- 1877, Frederick H. Teese, Newark; 1877-1879, Thomas B. Peddie, Newark; 1879-1881, John L. Blake, Orange; 1881-1883, Phineas Jones, Newark; 1883-1885, William H. F. Fiedler, Newark; 1885-1891, Herman Lehlbach, Newark; 1891-1895, Thomas Dunn English, Newark; 1895-1911, R. Wayne Parker, Newark; 1903-1907, William H. Wiley, East Orange; 1907-1909, Le Gage Pratt, East Orange; 1909-1911, William H. Wiley, East Orange; 1911, Walter I. McCoy, South Orange; 1911, Edward W. Townsend, Mont- clair.
*Compiled from "A Biographical Congressional Dictionary," published by the federal government. Essex County for many years included Elizabethtown, and not until after the nineteenth century opened was Orange separated from Newark. 1 Elected Speaker, Feb. 1, 1880.
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CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES
RISE AND GROWTH OF MANUFACTURES- By James M. Reilly, Secretary Newark Board of Trade.
NEWARK BANKS AND BANKING -.
By W. M. Van Deusen, Cashier National Newark Banking Company.
CHURCH HISTORY-
By Reverend Joseph F. Folsom.
MEDICAL HISTORY OF NEWARK- - By William S. Disbrow, M. D.
THE GERMANS IN NEWARK-
By William von Katzler, Editor New Jersey Freie Zeitung.
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OUIMAD OMA CHMAR DIAWAR
CHARCH HRTORA-
-- MANIEM TO HOTEL JAJICIM
RISE AND GROWTH OF MANUFACTURES BY JAMES M. REILLY Secretary of the Board of Trade of the City of Newark
EARLY ENDEAVOR IN THE COLONY-1666-1800-THE PROSPECT.
When the voyagers from the pleasant lands of Connecticut arrived on the banks of the Passaic river, at what is now known as Newark, could it have been that one among them in writing home said: That the yellow and blue of the iris and the blossoms of the lily were to be seen everywhere in the wilderness; that their path was bestrewed with wild roses; and that Spring had unlocked the flowers of nature to paint the living soil?
In the solitude of woodland or meadow, the beauty of nature might have instilled glorious thoughts, or furnished rare impressions out of which fanciful dreams would come to maid or yeoman arriving on that bright morning in the May of 1666, amid the sylvan waters of the streamlet and flowing river, in a land with broad expanse of meadow bordering the shores of the bay, with beautiful backlands rising in successive terraces from the landing place, until, like a rich setting of emeralds, the wooded sides of the Watchung Range merged with and into the white, fleecy clouds filling in the blue azure of the western horizon.
One need not be of great imagination to see clearly with the mind's eye the rapid change from elation over the beautiful prospect which possessed these people. The happy, contented congratulations exchanged, the kiss of joy between members of each household, turned hastily into a scene of bustling activity, when, recognizing the stern necessity of the day, the real beginning of industry in what was to become the city of Newark took place.
One can again readily imagine with the coming of the morning hours, hearing the steady ring of the woodman's axe felling the trees to be fash- ioned into the materials for the use of the builder of the homesteads, while in rhythm the ring of the blacksmith's sledge on the anvil was a suitable accompaniment. Between the days of seed time and harvest, many wants would have to be supplied-one of the first, calling for the skill of a worker to tan and cure the skins of animals in order to provide the necessary supply of leather for the many uses for which this material would be required.
THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS.
It may be surmised that in the preparation of leather the processes were crude and confined to raw tannage done by home workers, a condition which no doubt continued from the time Azariah Crane opened the first tan yard, about April 18, 1698, up to the coming of Moses Combs in 1790, at which period the first actual plant was established to engage in the manufacture of leather.
The first impetus to the location of industry would appear to have been also a recognition of the principle that necessity is the mother of invention, insomuch, as may be seen from the Annals of the Town Meeting held June 30, 1680, that when the settlers became in need of footwear, they cast about to find some one better qualified to make shoes than those among them- selves, and, having found the right man, "it was agreed that the town was
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HISTORY OF NEWARK
willing for Samuel Whitehead to come and inhabit among them, provided he would supply the town people with shoes," thereby through this formal method starting an industry historically worthy of mention, and laying the foundation of a pursuit which was to become a principal factor in the later development of the community.
The weaving of cloth, a well-established and well-known industry of the home town from whence these settlers came before locating in Con- necticut, it may be presumed was commenced during the long days of winter, when, with loom and shuttle as well as the spinning wheel, the women of the colony were introducing the making of cloth for wearing apparel, and the spinning of fabrics for household uses.
It is related, that, in the old town on the Trent, there were many among the workmen who were skilled in the use of colors and in the dyeing of cloth and other fabrics, hence we may well imagine that this art was also known and in use in the early days of the colony, and that it not only had its influence, but was also found to be of value when applied in the arts and crafts established in later days. It may be, also, that out of the knowledge thus imparted, later generations became adept in the making of coach laces and trimmings, for which the town achieved a most excellent reputation.
It may be accepted as a fact that industry commenced as the wants of the people became manifest, so that, by the time for the gathering of the first harvest, the mill was ready for its grist, grinding continually there- after throughout the day, in storm or sunshine, to the accompaniment of the hearty song or cheery tones of the miller. This industry it is known developed with the advent of population and continued to play its part in the history of the growth of the city up to and until the flood of immigration converted the prairie lands of the west from a hunting grounds of the Indians and a grazing land for buffalo, into the granaries of a world, when the product of the local flour and grist mills commenced disappearing with the disappearance of the usual crops of wheat, rye and other cereals.
In the town record a note is made of the location of the first mill on the brook in the north section; also of a second mill at the same point, while closer to the river, it is stated two saw mills were located.
THE COMMERCIAL SPIRIT AWAKENED.
It may be written that other of the early industries considered at one period as being of very great importance as a producing source of revenue, changed with changing conditions as the years passed by, gradually dis- appearing without exciting wonder or dismay. This was notably so with the cider industry, of which Governor Carteret, in a letter to the lord pro- prietors, mentioned that the cider produced was the most delicious he had ever drank, either at home or in the neighboring colonies, and that this industry was made possible primarily from the bounteous crops of apples obtained from trees growing wild in all parts of the demesne, and that it had become a great article of commerce over a wide area of the settled provinces, as well as a source of substantial revenue.
This beverage, which continued to be produced in large quantities for many years, diminished in production proportionately as the built-up area of the city encroached upon the farmsteads, and until, with the introduction of the brewing of ale and light beers, its use was supplanted as a household beverage. It is not recorded in the early town annals when or by whom malt beverages were first produced for home consumption, as one might
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