USA > New Jersey > Essex County > Newark > A History of the city of Newark, New Jersey : embracing practically two and a half centuries, 1666-1913, Volume II > Part 44
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62
€
一
ー
просто нет
1
0
1012
HISTORY OF NEWARK
Kanouse, January 4, 1835, to April, 1837; John J. Shepherd, 1837-39; Charles Fitch, September 1, 1839, to March, 1841; William L. Parsons, Sep- tember 20, 1841, to December 1, 1843; Almon Underwood, April 1, 1844, to latter part of 1849; Charles Beecher began to supply the pulpit in August, 1850, and remained until the reorganization and was then installed as pastor of the new organization. The pastors of the First Congregational Church have been: Charles Beecher, 1851-54; William B. Brown, D. D., 1855-78; James M. Whiton, Ph. D., 1879-85; Charles Hall Everest, D. D., 1885-87; Levi W. Hainer, 1888-96; James A. Chamberlain, Ph. D., 1896-99; George L. Hanscom, 1900-1906, and the present pastor, Rev. T. Aird Moffat, installed October 1, 1906.
The Belleville Avenue Congregational Church, opposite Crittendon street, was organized in 1868 by a colony from the First Congregational. The same year a lot was bought and a chapel erected at a cost of $9,000. The present handsome brownstone edifice was dedicated Aprll 25, 1884. Several of the ministers of this church have attained wide prominence in the world of literature. The Rev. George H. Hepworth became in 1885 an editor of the New York Herald; the Rev. Ray Palmer was prominent as a writer of hymns, and the Rev. William Hayes Ward, D. D., who, as a member is identified with the church, is the editor of the Independent. The pastoral succession has been : M. E. Strieby, D. D., March 5, 1868 (remained sev- eral months); Calvin B. Hurlbut, November 16, 1869, to April 22, 1872; George M. Boynton, December 4, 1872, to February 29, 1880; George H. Hepworth, D. D., November 15, 1881, to November, 1885 (with Rev. Ray Palmer as his associate to do the pastoral work until November 25, 1884, and William H. Brodhead succeeding him until December, 1885); Rev. Hugh O. Pentecost, May 13, 1886, to April 13, 1888; Wallace Nutting (supply), Aprll 13, 1889, to March 5, 1890; Samuel Lane Loomls, March 5, 1890, to November 9, 1896; Willlam A. Rice, D. D., April 22, 1897, to November 1, 1902; T. M. Shlpherd, 1904-1909, and the present pastor, Rev. James A. Solandt, who took charge in February, 1910.
THE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.
The First Methodlst Protestant Church, Clinton and Treacy avenues, was organized June 20, 1859, in Library Hall, on Market street. Among the founders was Gaven Spence, who was a leader in this church all his life. Services were held there until 1859, when the first edifice was erected. It was built of brick and located on the south side of Hill street, near Broad. Destroyed by fire in 1870, this edifice was at once rebuilt with a seating capacity of one thousand. This building was abandoned in 1907 and the congregation united with the Clinton Hill Methodist Protestant. Church, already established in a handsome chapel built on the present site in 1904. This work had been begun in 1899 as a mission of the older church. The Hill street edifice and the parsonage were sold, and with the funds a handsome church was erected. It was dedicated on October 8, 1911. This church maintalns also the Gaven Spence Memorial Church in Japan. The pastors of the First Church have been: J. J. Murray, D. D., 1860-63; Fred- erick Swantzel, 1863-68; W. S. Hammond, 1869-70; Davld Wilson, 1871-74; J. T. Murray, 1874-76; Theodore D. Valiant, 1876-78; S. T. Graham, 1878-82; John M. Holmes, 1883-86; J. L. Mills, 1887-88; W. S. Hammond, 1889-90; Luther R. Dyott, 1890-1900 (assistant pastor, E. C. Makosky, 1893); F. C. Klein, 1901-1904; J. W. Balderston, 1904-1907, the last pastorate at Hill
-
N
IN ETAS
-
1013
HISTORY OF NEWARK
street; L. F. Warner, 1907-1909; William S. Phillips, 1909-1912 (death), and the present pastor, Rev. Eugene C. Makosky, who came in 1912. The pastors of the Clinton Hill Church previous to the union were: William N. Sherwood, 1900-1901; C. M. Compher, 1901-1905, and J. M. Dickey, 1905- 1906.
THE REFORMED EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
The Emmanuel Reformed Episcopal Church, at the southeast corner of Broad street and Fourth avenue, was organized December 25, 1874, in Association Hall, on West Park street. In this hall, formerly the Park Presbyterian Church, and now, much remodelled, the library of the New Jersey Historical Society, the congregation worshipped until May 4, 1877, when its church edifice on the east side of Halsey street, near New, was opened. This church was of stone and brick. The cornerstone was laid on October 11, 1876. The site is now covered by the west end of the Hahne store. One of the dignitaries present at the laying of the cornerstone was Bishop William R. Nicholson, who from 1872 to 1874 had been rector of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church of Newark. He had resigned from Trinity on ritualistic grounds, and had become a bishop of the Reformed Episcopal denomination, which at New York, on December 3, 1873, was formally organized. He died June 7, 1901. The Emmanuel congregation worshipped in the Halsey street edifice for nineteen years. The cornerstone of the present handsome church was laid July 22, 1895, and the first service was held April 26, 1896. The rectors have been: John Howard Smith, D. D., February 14, 1875, to October 1, 1884; E. B. England, D. D., Novem- ber 16, 1884, to November 24, 1889; John Dennis, July 7, 1890, to January 1, 1893; George Savary, 1893-96; William D. Stevens, D. D., January 1, 1897, to January 1, 1907, and the present rector, Rev. Robert W. Peach, who took charge May 1, 1907.
THE EVANGELICAL (GERMAN) CHURCHES.
The German Evangelical Lutheran Church, 60 Mulberry street, south of East Park, was organized February 1, 1847, in what was known as Tem- perance Hall and was later transformed into the present church auditorium. This hall formerly had been the Primitive Methodist Church. There Lorenzo Dow, the eccentric itinerant preacher, used to visit and preach. Behind the church is the old burying ground, in which there are still a few stones. Used as a paving stone is the marble stone tablet of the Primitive church dated 1832. The German Evangelical Church rebuilt the edifice in 1869. The pastors have been: John David Rose, February 17, 1847, to July 3, 1848; J. M. Serenbetz, July 3, 1848, to October 23, 1849; Frederick A. Lehl- bach, November 22, 1849, to September 3, 1875 (died September 11); George Schambach, October 10, 1875, to 1903; F. E. C. Haas, 1903-1905, and the present pastor, Rov. William L. Siebert, who took charge in 1905.
St. Stephen's German United Evangelical Church, Ferry street and Hamburg place, was organized March 17, 1874. The cornerstone of the present substantial edifice was laid June 25, 1874, and the dedicating was accomplished in the following December. Most of the charter members had come from the Third German Presbyterian Church, led by Rev. O. Kraft, who had been pastor of that church. The pastors have been: Oscar Kraft, 1874-79; R. Katerndahl, 1879-97, and the present pastor, Rev. Edward Fuhr- man, who took charge July 1, 1897.
1
عد
ـد
Stid 18%
£
1014
HISTORY OF NEWARK
The First German Evangelical Church, at Avon avenue and South Sev- enteenth street, was organized in 1878. For many years the location was at 247 Court street. In 1907 an edifice was erected on the present site. It is a handsome and commodious brick structure. The reverend pastors have been: I. A. Blattenberger, 1879-82; J. F. Grob, 1882-83; Emanuel Glaeser, 1883-86; F. Egger, 1886-89; A. Pfost, 1889-92; F. Egger, 1892-95; J. A. Linder, 1895-98; J. P. Luippold, 1898-1901; C. C. Weber, 1901-1903; Robert J. Lau, 1903-1905; Theobald Weber, 1905-1907; Daniel Schnebel, 1907- 1910, and the present pastor, Rev. John Reuber, who came in May, 1910.
The German United Evangelical Essex Park Church, Bragaw avenue, near Dewey street, was built in 1900. The organizer was the first pastor, Rev. William Frenzen, who remained until the spring of 1901. Other pas- tors have been: Henry Dahlhoff, from the spring of 1901 to 1908; Fred- erick Gabelman, 1908, to the fall of 1910, and the present pastor, Rev. C. F. Dies, who took charge in January, 1911.
The German United Evangelical Zion Church, Alexander street, near South Orange avenue, in the Vailsburg section, was founded in 1900. It was formerly regularly supplied by the same pastor who supplied the Essex Park Evangelical. The pastors have been: William Frenzen (founder), 1900- 1901; Henry Dahlhoff, 1901-1908, and the present pastor, Rev. Frederick Gabelman, who took charge in the spring of 1908.
MISCELLANEOUS METHODIST CHURCHES.
The Emanuel Methodist Episcopal Church (German), Clinton avenue and Hedden terrace, formerly at the northeast corner of Mulberry and Wal- nut streets, was organized in 1846. For a time services were held at 251 Market street. The first building was of wood. The second was of brick, erected in 1871, and abandoned in 1913, the church having decided upon a new site in a residential section. The present handsome church was built in 1913. The pastors have been: John Sauter, 1846-48; Thomas Steck and Thomas Pfusten, John Swablen, 1850; S. F. Zimmerman, 1852; C. H. Hauner, John Sauter, 1853-55; F. C. Gratz, William Schwartz, 1856-60; C. R. Afferbach, 1860-62; J. Seidel, 1862-63; H. Kastendieck, 1864-67; C. Jost, 1868-69; J. W. Freund, 1870-74; P. Quattlander, 1874; H. Kasten- dieck, 1875-76; J. C. Deininger, 1879-80; J. W. Freund, 1881-83; George Aberle, 1884-87; Louis Wallon, 1887-92; Paul Quattlander, 1892-96; August Flamann, 1896-1902; John Lange, 1902-1903; W. H. Kurth, 1903- 1908; D. H. Pape, 1903-1913, and the present pastor, Rev. John Mueller, who came in 1913, and is the first pastor of the new church, which has before it a great opportunity on Clinton Hill.
The Independent Methodist Church, formerly at Gould avenue and South Fourteenth street, was founded about 1901, by Rev. Charles F. Net- tleship, who still is pastor. In 1912 a new church was built on Steuben street, near Ninth avenue, East Orange. This church represents a denomina- tion incorporated by Mr. Nettleship, and there were for a time several other churches of the same body. The work of this particular church has met with success.
The Swedish M. E. Church is located at 165 South Tenth street; the present pastor is Rev. Fridolf Soderman.
St. James' African M. E. Church, 90 Union street, worships in the edifice that formerly belonged to the Sixth Presbyterian Church. Rev. H. P. Ander- son was the pastor in 1902. Rev. R. French Hurley was there in 1910.
١
19 720
-
£
1015
HISTORY OF NEWARK
Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church, 98 Pennington street, was in 1903 at the corner of Astor street and Sherman avenue, with Rev. Mr. Coles as pastor. In 1910, Rev. C. Calvin Williams was pastor.
St. John's M. E. Church (colored), 107 Academy street, was organized a mission in 1868 with Rev. J. O. Winner in charge. The pastors since appointed have been : J. L. H. Sweres, 1871; D. Jones, 1873; William F. Butler, 1877; W. C. Dickerson, 1880; W. H. Coffee, 1882; W. J. Parker, 1884; J. W. E. Bowen, 1886; J. Cooper, 1888; W. R. A. Palmer, 1889; F. F. Wheeler, 1891. In 1893 this church went into the Delaware Conference. The present pastor is Rev. W. R. A. Palmer.
CHRISTIAN SCIENTIST CHURCHES.
The First Church of Christ, Scientist, meets at 16 Hill street. It was organized some fifteen years ago. Lots are now held at the corner of Clinton and Hillside avenues, where later an edifice is to be erected. The first reader is Herbert Fritz, who succeeded F. W. LePoria.
The Second Church of Christ, Scientist, meets at Garside street and Second avenue. It was organized in 1911. The first reader is John F. Potter.
A KEY FOR FINDING THE CHURCHES.
The foregoing history of the churches of Newark has, with few excep- tions, been arranged chronologically both as to denomination and to indi- vidual church. The denominations are in the order of their establishing through the initial church, and the individual churches run under the denominational head in the order of their organizing. The history is far from perfect, but it has been done as thoroughly and correctly as space and time have permitted. It may fairly be said to be the most complete his- torical compendium of the Newark churches yet compiled. The next person who attempts a similar task will have easier going than has had the com- piler. The key or table of contents follows:
Presbyterian Churches-First, Second, Third, Thirteenth Avanue, Central, Park, Sixth, Elizabeth Avenue, High Street, First German, South Park, Roseville Avenue, Second German, Third German, Wickliffe, Forest Hill, Calvary, Bethany Memorial, Fifth Avenue, Fewsmith Memorial, Emmanuel German, Manhattan Park German, West Presbyterian, Third Church South (Clinton Avenue), Kilburn Memorial, First Hungarian, First Ruthenian, Weequahic, First Italian.
Episcopal Churches-Trinity, Grace, House of Prayer, Christ Church, St. Paul's, St. Philip's, St. Barnabas', St. John's, St. Stephen's, St. James', St. Thomas', St. Matthew's, St. Andrew's, St. Albans, Mission of Transfiguration, St. George's, St. Mary Magdalene, Chapel of Incarnation.
Baptist Churches-Elizabeth Avenue, First (Peddie Memorial), First German, South, Fifth, North, Fairmount, Mount Pleasant, Clinton Avenue, Roseville, Emmanuel, Second German, Bethany (A. M.), Mount Zion (A. M.), Galilee (A. M.), Bethsaida (A. M.), Shiloh (A. M.), Mt. Olivet (A. M.), First Italian, First Polish, First Swedish, Slovak, German Evangelical United Brethren.
Methodist Churches-Halsey Street (Wesley Chapel), Franklin Street, Clinton Street, Union Street, Eighth Avenue, Central, St. Luke's, Trinity, St. Paul's, Rose- ville, Centenary, DeGroot, Summerfield, Montgomery Street, Vailsburg, Grace (South Market and Dashiel), First Italian.
Reformed Churches -- First, New York Avenue, North, West, Clinton Avenue, Trinity, Christ, Italian Reformed.
Catholic Churchos-St. John's, St. Mary's, St. Patrick's, St. James', St. Peter's, St. Benedict's, St. Joseph's, St. Columba's, St. Augustine's, St. Antoninus's, St. Michael's, St. Aloysius's, St. Ann's, St. Bridget's, St. Rose of Lima, St. Stanislaus's, St. Philip Neri's, Sacred Heart, Our Lady of Mount Carmel, St. Lucy's, Sacred Heart, Valisburg, St. Mary Magdalen's, St. Rocco's, St. Stephen's, Our Lady of Good Counsel, Blessed Sacrament, St. Casimer's, St. Charles Borromeo, Holy Trinity, St. Francis Xavier.
United Presbyterian Church-First.
Universalist Church-The Church of the Redeemer.
Lutheran Churches-St. John's Evangelical, St. John's German Lutheran, St. Paul's, Grace English, Enunanuel, Holy Trinity Slavonle, Trinity English, St. Matthow'H.
一
1016
HISTORY OF NEWARK
Jewish Synagogues-B'nai Jeshurun, B'nai Abraham, Oheb-Shalom, Anshe Russia, Adath Israel Mishnayes, Rouso of Ahawo, Ein Jacob, Torath Emeth, Anshe Warsaw, Anshe Roumania, Kether Torah.
Congregational Churches-First (Jube Memorial), Belleville Avenue. Methodist Protestant Church-First.
Reformed Episcopal Church-Emmanuel.
Evangelical German Churches-The German Evangelical Lutheran, St. Stephen's United, First German Evangelical, Essex Park United, Zion United. Miscellaneous Methodist Churches-Emmanuel German, Independent Metho- dist, Swedish, St. James' African, Zion African, St. John's African.
Christian Science Churches-First, Second.
,
L
C
-....
ITI
MEDICAL HISTORY OF NEWARK. BY WILLIAM S. DISBROW, M. D.
To understand the conditions of medical practice in the young town of Newark, it will be necessary for us to review briefly the status of medicine in the colonies from which the future townspeople immigrated. About thirty families establishing a settlement, far from any helpful base in case of need-what did they do? how did they manage? and what was their knowledge of medical and surgical treatment for the many ills and accidents incident to new environments?
We know that at this time (1666) medical practice as such, was hardly known; in the colonies the preacher and the schoolmaster, embodying the education of the period, seem to have included medicine and simple surgery as one of their additional duties. Beck states "that for several years previous to leaving England, anticipating the loss of their positions as clergymen, many of them turned their attention to the study of medicine, and for upward of a century after the settlement of New England, numbers of the native clergymen were educated for both professions. Many of them were distinguished for their knowledge of medicine, and were authors of some of the earliest medical papers printed in America."
No doubt but what the housewife, with her cupboard of simples-the common drugs-associated with the practice of domestic medicine, played a great part in the administration of the sick. The many herbals of the middle and late years of the seventeenth century were a constant source of information, and were considered as treasures by their fortunate possessors. It would be difficult to estimate the great influence for good exerted by these more or less valuable books in the life of our settlements. The theory of signatures, the amulet, and other superstitions relating to medicine, were in conflict with the crude medical practice of the times, while quacks abounded everywhere.
In our own settlement at Newark, peopled by New Englanders-from Guilford, Branford, Milford, and from New Haven, Connecticut-there were brought to us the same conditions to which they were subject at home. There were no educated physicians obtainable, so history records the pres- ence of no medical member in our colony, excepting possibly the Rev. Abraham Pierson, the first minister in the colony, who is stated to have practiced medicine with his ministerial duties.
The nearest settlement of any size was New York-a Dutch settlement, and beyond the reach of the town of Newark, except by water-though prejudice and nationality precluded the thought of assistance. Elizabeth- town, settled one year before Newark, the only English settlement west of the Hudson River, had but little to offer, and the small villages scattered from Bergen Point up the Passaic valley and the lower Hackensack were all the settlements from which help could have been obtained. But there is no record that they did so, nor, in fact, that there was any help except their dependence upon themselves. We are informed that it was not till ten years after the settlement of Newark that there was communication by boat to New York and Elizabethtown. Who were the physicians that were guiding the young town in its matters of health?
We do not know.
During the epidemic of smallpox in New York in the years 1678-79 intercourse between Newark and New York was so promiscuous that it was
1
0
1018
HISTORY OF NEWARK
necessary to establish a committee to examine into the necessities of such travel. At a town meeting held February 12, 1678, "it was thought fit to prohibit persons from frequent going thither upon every small occasion as formerly." The committee was empowered to examine into the necessity for such travel, and to either give "liberty, or prohibit." There were no physicians recorded as having anything to do with such acts. Suitable fines were imposed, and means established for its collection. In embryo we see the beginning of public sanitation-in fact, a Board of Health-a very creditable beginning.
Newark had in the year 1682 about one hundred families. "The town appears also to have obtained the character of being an unhealthy place, subject to fever and ague, and intermittents, which is supposed to have retarded its growth."
The practice of medicine had a hard time of it, probably, when every- thing was going well with the settlers; the physician was not considered at all; in fact, one of the earliest letters which refer at all to medical matters, a letter written by Charles Gordon to his brother, Dr. John Gordon, dated Woodbridge, in East Jersey, March 7, 1685, in which he says:
"If you design to come hither yourself, you may come as a planter, or a merchant, or as a doctor of medicine. I cannot advise you, as I can hear of no diseases here to cure, but some cutted fingers and legs, but there are no want of empiricks for these already. I confess that you could do more than any yet in America, being versed in Chirurgery and Pharmacie, for here are abundance of herbs, shrubs and trees, which no doubt medicinall ones for making drugs, but there is little or no Imployment in this way."
Dr. Douglas, who settled as a physician in Boston in 1718, in his "Settle- ments in North America," remarking upon the medical practice in the colonies, says:
"In our plantations a practitioner, bold, rash, impudent, a lyar, basely born and uneducated, has much the advantage of an honest, cautious, modest gentleman.
"In general, the physical practice in our colonies is so perniciously bad that excepting in surgery and some acute cases, it is better to let nature take her course than to trust to the honesty and sagacity of the practi- tioner; and American practitioners are so rash and officious that the saying of the Apochrypha may with propriety be applied to them, 'Ile that sinneth before his Maker, let him fall into the hands of the physician.' *
* * Frequently there is more danger from the physician than from the dis- * temper. * In the most trifling cases there are a routine of practice. When I first arrived in New England, I asked a noted and facetious practi- tioner, what was their general routine of practice. He told me it was very uniform-bleeding, vomiting, blistering, purging, anodynes, etc. If the ill- ness continued, there was repetendi, and finally, murderandi. Nature was
never to be consulted or allowed to have any concern in the affair. * * * Bloodletting and anodynes are the principal tools of our practitioners."
Allowing a grain of exaggeration for these statements, Wickes states: "We infer that Douglas's account of the state of medical knowledge and methods of practice of his time, is substantially correct."
The condition of medicine in New York in these early days, as repre- senting the nearest possibly helpful medical centre, quoted from Smith in his "History of New York," says:
"Few physicians amongst us are eminent for their skill. Quacks abound like the locusts in Egypt, and too many have recommended themselves to a full practice and profitable subsistence. This is less to be wondered at, as the profession is under no kind of regulation. Any man at his
-
10/ 59 TR YOUTEUI
.
..
٠٠
:
-
1019
HISTORY OF NEWARK
pleasure sets up as for physician, apothecary, or chirurgeon. No candidates are either examined or licensed, or even sworn to fair practice."
About 1750 we have mention of the first physician in Newark-one Dr. Jacob Arents-but with that we will have to be satisfied, for we have no more records of his career.
The oldest physician of which we have definite records was Dr. William Turner, who was a student of Dr. F. N. Pigneron, a native of France, who settled in Rhode Island. Of his medical career we have little information. He was a vestryman of Trinity Church. He was married three times-and his matrimonial ventures were recorded on a tombstone in the old burial grounds. He was the purchaser of the hay annually cut and sold from the burial grounds. He died in 1754.
About this time we have recorded the name of a Dr. Farrand, who prac- ticed in the upper end of the town, near the Stone Bridge. Also, only known by name, we have Dr. Edward Pigot and Dr. Samuel Johnson.
In the Town Records we have the records of smallpox. How extensive it may have been we do not know. It was mentioned in connection with some apparently shady proceedings in connection with transfer of church property : "In March last (1760) during the time of the smallpox being in town-and when but very few of the inhabitants were present-and without any previous notification given to the inhabitants." It seems that some of the Puritans took advantage of the epidemic to try to do some church work, which the others quickly repudiated when they found it out.
Up to the formation of the Medical Society of New Jersey in the year 1776, just one hundred years after the founding of Newark, there is little to record. The need of such an association was early recognized, and, as the colony was growing rapidly, there was need of united action to remedy the very unsatisfactory conditions of medical practice. There was but one medical college in the country-the University of Pennsylvania-and that was just inaugurated. Among the reasons assigned for the formation of this society were stated: "The low state of medicine in New Jersey, and the many difficulties and discouragements, alike injurious to the people and the physician, under which it has hitherto laboured, and which still con- tinues to oppose its improvement in utility to the public-and to its advance- ment to its native dignity, having for several years engaged the attention of some of the gentlemen of the profession, and occasionally been the subject of conversation, it was determined to attempt some measures of rescuing the art from that abject condition into which it seemed too fast to decline."
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.