A History of the city of Newark, New Jersey : embracing practically two and a half centuries, 1666-1913, Volume II, Part 30

Author: Urquhart, Frank J. (Frank John), 1865- 4n; Lewis Historical Publishing Company. 4n
Publication date: 1913
Publisher: New York, N.Y. ; Chicago, Ill. : The Lewis Historical Publishing Co.
Number of Pages: 1136


USA > New Jersey > Essex County > Newark > A History of the city of Newark, New Jersey : embracing practically two and a half centuries, 1666-1913, Volume II > Part 30


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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72,675,782


46,848


26,857,170


93,476,652


1880


1,319


25,679,885


30,046


13,171,339


69,252,705


1870


1,131


21,771,145


22,126


11,537,270


48,133,303


1860


765


13,819,605


21,613


6,588,408


27,854,214


COMPARATIVE CONDITIONS OF INDUSTRY-1870 TO 1910.


There is one great metropolis, one great Lake City, one city of brotherly love, so also there is only one Newark, a city of destiny with a future entitling it to be known as a city of opportunity, because of what it has to offer to all who may wish to enter its gates to share in the rich possibilities with which it is surrounded.


Of the great centres of population, only three during the past thirty years can show a more rapid rate of growth-New York, Chicago and Cleve- land; and even the latter, if restricted to a like area of territory, would be lacking; while other centres, like Philadelphia, St. Louis and Boston, show an increased percentage of but 66.19, 65.6 and 68, as against 109.7-the per cent. of growth in Newark covering the period from 1880 to 1910.


In the most recent bulletins in which the percentage of increase in the yearly value of the aggregate product of manufactures is given, the district of Newark is credited with showing an increase of 57.3 per cent., as against 48 per cent. for Buffalo and 40.2 per cent. for St. Louis, while in all other industrial districts into which the whole country is divided, of which there were eleven, the percentages of increase were less than 40 per cent .- the average being 23.8 per cent.


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HISTORY OF NEWARK


In the search to ascertain contributory causes for the progress of Newark as a centre of industry, the returns of the Census Bureau reveal the period at which certain new processes were established or new concerns having commenced, and from this source may also be ascertained the disappearance of an industry.


Within the decades between 1860 and 1880 are to be noted many changes. The Newark Silk Mills, the Peters Hosiery Company, the making of soap and tallow candles, the Peter Neninger Company, manufacturers of table oil cloth; the wood-working plant of Turner & Brown and the flour mill of the Fagins having suspended operation.


Between 1880 and 1900 a long list of concerns suspended operation without apparently disturbing the life of the city, among others the Domestic Sewing Machine Company, in which hundreds of men had been employed; the S. Halsey & Sons' Leather Plant, Vail's Hat Factory, the tanneries of J. H. & I. W. Dawson, the New Jersey Chemical Company, the T. B. Peddie Company and J. Lagowitz trunk factories, McAndrews' and Forbes' Licorice Works, the New Jersey Zinc Works, each considered in their day to be among the foremost concerns engaged in the industrial life of Newark.


With the close of the decade ending in 1880, a great many new con- cerns had engaged in manufacturing and several new industries had become elements of the industrial life of Newark. The manufacturing of women's corsets had become a source of profitable employ, James Bowers, Ferris Bros., Benjamin Brothers, Delsarte Corset Company, T. W. Jackson & Co. and Weingarten Brothers having built up a large business in which over 1,400 workers were employed, whose labors were represented by a product valued at over $1,000,000 annually. This industry is to-day one of the leading sources of employ to the women among the workers in the city. paying wages that average as high, if not higher, than those received in any other occupation in which women are engaged.


Each year witnessed the commencement of from fifty to one hundred new plants, many of which within the past fifteen years have developed into extensive concerns in their various lines.


INDUSTRY IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE.


According to the Census returns for the decade ending 1870, the first industry in point of value of output and in the number engaged in the trade, was that of leather, the value being appraised by divisions showing that the tanned leather aggregated $2,736,471; the enameled or patent, $2,731,941; the curried, $2,602,820; while the value of morocco was $525,949, making a total of $8,605,181.


The second in importance was the manufacturing of fur hats, with fifty concerns employing 2,753 men, the annual output reaching the sum of $4,970,570. This was followed by the makers of trunks and valises, in which 1,350 operatives were employed, with an output of $3,993,000. The thirty- two establishments engaged in jewelry manufacture and 1,182 employees represented a combined output of $2,822,820; and the twenty-six breweries $2,587,795.


The output of boots and shoes in which thirty concerns employed 1,248 persons, amounted to $1,946,584. Clothing in which thirty-five plants were engaged produced a total of $1,648,388. Cotton thread, with four concerns manufacturing, made up a total value of $1,113,960. Hardware and sad- dlery, with sixty-seven concerns employing 1,573 persons, turned out $1,946,- 770; and harness, with thirty-five firms and individuals employing 849 operatives, produced $1,324,778.


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HISTORY OF NEWARK


In each of the following industries the output annually amounted to between $500,000 and $1,000,000: Carriages, copper, enamelling, flour mill products, iron foundry, machinery, engines and boilers, paints and colors, sash, doors and blinds, varnish and woolen goods.


Other lines of industry producing to a value between $100,000 and $200,000 were: Bagging, packing boxes, brass foundries, bakeries, buttons, oil cloth, cotton goods, edge tools, fertilizers, furniture, gas, hat materials, hubs and wheels, rubber goods, lumber products, malt, marble work, stone- cutting, musical instruments, paints, paper, plated ware, cloth-printing, silk twist, silverware, soap and candles, springs and axles, cast steel, tobacco, wire and wire work.


There were forty or more industries producing between $25,000 and $100,000 of finished wares yearly, and many other lines whose output was less than $25,000 yearly.


As a city of industry, at this period Newark occupied the rank of twelfth city in point of valne of finished product of manufacture, preceding Buffalo and Milwaukee. A survey of the returns of the year 1890 indicates that there were 201 distant branches of industry within the city, in which 2,490 concerns and individuals were engaged, and in these workshops there were employed 46,848 operatives.


Leather tanned, curried and enameled continued to be the first in Importance in the number of employees, as well as in the aggregate value of output, which amounted to $7,706,877. Second in line came jewelry, with seventy concerns employing 1,967 operatives, producing a value of $4,631,500 yearly.


With a value of product of $6,901,297, the brewing of malt beverages exceeded the aggregate of value of jewelry produced, but as an industry furnishing employment it employed but 927 men, or 50 per cent. of the number engaged in the other industry.


In carpentry and joining the output placed this industry fourth in Importance, the whole number operating being 175, and giving work to 2,339 employees, the aggregate annual value of product being $4,602,297.


Other industries in the order of importance may be enumerated as follows, with aggregate value of products: Hats and caps, $3,506,976; foundry and machine shop products, $3,213,848; clothing, $3,341,037; cot- ton goods, $2,439,602; fertilizers, $2,292,000; chemicals, $2,236,117; boots and shoes, $2,471,018; meat packing, $2,325,396; and the following with an annual product of over $1,000,000 yearly: Bakery products, celluloid, corsets, saddlery hardware, iron and steel, planing mill poducts, stone cutting, plumbing, harness, smelting and refining, stamped tin ware, trunks and valises, varnish, watch cases, thread, electrical apparatus. Added to these there could be enumerated over fifty industries in each of which the product was valued at from $100,000 to over $900,000 yearly; while even a greater number of concerns were producing goods to a value of less than $100,000 and more than $25,000 yearly. A greater growth is indicated in the figures for 1900-a time at which many notable changes in the char- acter of the city and its industrial establishments were taking place.


It is to be noted that with the introduction of electric appliances and machinery, large additional sums of capital were required. The average capital to the whole number of establishments increasing from less than $20,000 in 1880 to over $30,000 in 1900; while between that year and 1910, the amount jumped to the large average of $83,000, indicating the changed conditions and the great strides being made.


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HISTORY OF NEWARK


To further summarize the returns of industry from the figures of the year 1900 would be reciting practically present-day conditions, the whole number reporting being 3,339 establishments, which number included hand trades and concerns of all kinds in which workers were engaged, a fact to be noted when comparison is made with the returns for the decade ending 1910. The total capital invested was reported as $103,191,403. The employees numbered 37,094 men, 11,133 women and 1,323 children, among whom was divided a pay roll yearly of $23,999,442, and whose combined labor turned out a product valued at $126,954,049.


The principal industries noted, in order of importance, were as follows: Leather, $10,887,192; jewelry, $7,364,247; foundry and machine, $5,536,- 893; chemicals, $3,113,095; malt beverages, $8,236,468; hats and caps, $3,453,619; smelting and refining, brass goods, $2,540,245; carpentry, $3,596,388; gold and silver refining, $2,251,298.


Over thirty lines of industry producing from $1,000,000 to $10,000,000 of value yearly, and above seventy-five others adding from $100,000 to $900,000 of value in yearly product to the aggregate.


THE CITY OF INDUSTRY OF TO-DAY.


The forces at work within the city of to-day, with its 1,858 distinctively manufacturing establishments, each employing not less than ten workers, all engaged in pursuits requiring the use of steam or electric power, with several hundred smaller concerns employing less than ten employees, and upwards of 1,500 other concerns or individuals engaged in various hand trades, future possibilities are beyond reckoning, especially if the potential possibilities of the industrial district of the city within a zone of six miles square, which will undoubtedly be included within the municipal limits of the city in the not distant future, is considered.


In the present municipal limits, an army of 75,000 operatives are en- gaged in productive industry, in which a total of 78,263 horse-power is used daily, while the hand trades and kindred occupations give employ to 50,000 additional workers, the combined pay roll equalling the sum of $1,000,000 weekly. Of this great army there are employed in the production of enameled, patent, fancy, high-grade leathers, in sixty-three establishments, 4,149 workers, who divide a pay roll of $2,525,000 yearly, and out of whose labor a finished product is made valued at $18,858,000. There are 4,777 others whose skill in design in the fashioning of artistic articles of gold jewelry returns them a reward each year of $3,763,000, while the owners of the 145 establishments marketed the product for the sum of $13,152,000.


In the machine shops and foundries of this hive of industry, of which there are 168, a total of 7,585 found occupation receiving $5,604,000 yearly, the value of the product being $15,482,000. There are fourteen concerns engaged in the production of light beers and ales and porters, of which there was brewed in 1909 a total of 2,150,000 barrels, by the labor of 1,229 workmen, whose pay roll amounted to $1,041,000, the value of the produc- tion being $12,361,000.


In the manufacture of paints and varnishes, a great increase in pro- duction is to be noted-the value of the product increasing 100 per cent. within the decade since 1900. The industry is carried on by twenty-five con- cerns, who give employment to a total of 1,033 persons, paying annually in salaries and wages $1,150,000, the product having a value of $6,733,000.


Remarkable gains are also shown within recent decades in the manu- facture of chemicals. It will be noted in a preceding table for 1860 that the


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HISTORY OF NEWARK


capital engaged in the industry was but a trifle less than three times the value of production, the latter being $476,000, which during the decade ending 1909 was increased to $4,808,000; while the capital engaged was $6,629,000; the number of workers employed in 1860 was 181, who received $71,700, or an average of $385; while in 1909 those employed, numbering 1,564, were paid $823,000, an average of $525; and adding salaried employees to the number of workers, with salary added to pay roll, as was done with the returns for 1860, the average pay would be $675 per individual.


In the direction and management of the industrial plants of the city, a force of 10,031 are engaged as owners, partners and managers.


In the manufacture of cutlery and edge tools, there were five concerns in 1860; now there are thirty-nine, and from forty-six workers at that period, there are now 1,576, the annual value of goods produced increasing from $61,000 to $2,081,000. Included in these occupations are the manufacturers of high-grade, delicately constructed implements and tools used in modern surgical practice, for which the manufacturers of Newark have been noted from the days when Heinisch established the industry in the city.


With the change from steam to electric power the manufacture of electric appliances and supplies has assumed a proportion second to no other industry in the city since the building of the first dynamo by Edward Weston. The Census returns for the year 1880 include as a reference in the returns for "all other industries," electrical apparatus and supplies, indi- cating one or two concerns being engaged therein, while the returns for the year 1900 show reports of twelve concerns, with an annual output valued at $1,169,056, employing $1,465,000 capital, and furnishing work for 475 employees whose annual pay roll amounted to $263,818, to be increased within the ten years ending 1909 to twenty-one concerns, employing $3,346,- 000 for capital, giving employment to 2,820 workmen and 520 salaried employees, with a pay roll of $2,174,000 yearly, the value of the product amounting to $5,617,000 annually.


Of the growth of industry, instances could be cited in almost all lines that, like the manufacture of varnish, commenced in a small way by Moses Bigelow, that with the advent of other workers, like Franklin Murphy, and the building up of the Murphy Varnish Company, also the success of the Flood & Conklin Company, what at one period was of minor importance, expanded and developed into industries of the first magnitude.


NEWARK MAKES AND THE WORLD TAKES.


The development of the color industry for the manufacturing of paints by the Heller & Merz Company, now known as the "Ultra-Marine Blue Works," may have influenced the location of the Cawley Clark Company, which in turn may have caused the location of the Patton Paint Company and the Sherwin Williams Company, all concerns of importance.


With the building of the immense plant of the Lidgerwood Manufactur- ing Company, the industry for the building of hoisting engines and apparatus for mining operations-commenced and successfully carried on in Newark by Joseph S. Mundy and by the Lambert Hoisting Machine Company-has been made one of the substantial forces for progress.


In the manufacture of machinery and foundry work, the tide of progress is being continued through the expansion of such concerns as the Gould & Eberhardt Company, George A. Ohl & Company, Watts Campbell Company. Maher & Flockhart, Arthur E. Barlow Company, Edward Maher's Sons, the


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HISTORY OF NEWARK


Hay Foundry Company, Hewes & Phillips, and the Public Service Car Shops. In the production of novelties of all description, the name of Newark has been made a household word, wherever a badge or button is worn, or seen through the product turned out by the Whitehead & Hoag Company, which aggregate hundreds of millions of pieces annually; this concern fur- nishing more badges and buttons for advertising purposes, and for use at more conventions, than any other concern in the world, each piece bearing the name of the city as well as that of the maker, and, in the production of novelties for advertising purposes for the use of business men, a similar claim may be entered.


Wherever metal novelties are used, the name of the R. C. Jenkinson Company, Riley-Klotz Company and August Goertz & Company, are known. if the name of the maker and the name of the city were stamped on umbrella frames, Newark, and the Newark Rivet Works, would be on fifty per cent. of all the rain protectors used in the world. So also it would appear on practically every automobile on the American continent if the parts supplied by Newark manufacturers were marked "Made in Newark"; and if the same imprint was stamped on the watch cases produced by the Crescent Watch Case Company, fifty per cent. of the owners of American-made watches would be carrying on their persons an evidence of the skill of Newark workers.


As a conclusion to this record of the industrial progress of the city of Newark, there is appended a summary of the returns of all industries, with a list of the principal lines giving a table of comparative totals including the years 1899, 1904 and 1909.


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NEWARK MANUFACTURES. Comparative Summary for 1909, 1904, and 1899-All Industries Combined and Selected Industries.


INDUSTRY


Census


No. of Establish- ments


No. of Persons Engaged


Capital


Salaries


Wages


Cost of Materials


Value of Products


All industries


1909


1,858


69,986


$154.233,000 119.026,000 97,182,000


$11,777,000 6,685,000 5,256,000


$33,076,000 25,622,000 20,365,000


$114,679,000 80,689,000


150,055,000 112,728,000


Boots and shoes, including cut stock and findings.


1909


12


1,585


1.505,000


174,000


704,000


1,673,000


2,901,000


1904


*


15


1,656


1,172,000


119,000


698,000


1,470,000


2,732,000


1899


23


1,225,000


167,000


710,000


1,546,000


2,990,000


Boxes, fancy and paper


1909


13


661


291,000


35,000


187,000


261,000


618,000


1904


11


410


148,000


12,000


123,000


159,000


342,000


1899


9


376


132,000


9,000


90,000


142,000


301,000


1909


22


304


313,000


47,000


139,000


321,000


611,000


1904


21


203


215,000


15,000


95,000


150,000


347,000


1899


16


493,000


5,000


88,000


246,000


421,000


Bread and other bakery prod-


1909


205


1,357


1.646.000


163,000


738,000


2,711.000


4,627,000


ucts


1904


163


1,130


1,347,000


107,000


560,000


1,903,000


3,115,000


1899


179


1,134


1,340,000


107,000


433,000


1,498.000


2,540,000


Buttons


1909


30


1,608


1,018,000


122,000


625,000


856,000


1,907,000


1904


27


1,174


654,000


81,000


445,000


511,000


1,282,000


1899


23


1,113


432,000


46,000


367,000


362.000


912,000


Carriages and wagons and ma- terials


1909


39


394


688,000


27,000


204,000


214,000


599,000


1904


44


737


967,000


54,000


369,000


431,000


1,144,000


1899


50


1,165,000


58,000


364,000


537,000


1,243,000


1904


1,600


57,463


1899


1,573


60,772,000


$202.512,000


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HISTORY OF NEWARK


Brass and bronze products


NEWARK MANUFACTURES .- Continued. Comparative Summary for 1909, 1904, and 1899-All Industries Combined and Selected Industries.


INDUSTRY


Census


No. of Establish- ments


No. of Persons Engaged


Capital


Salaries


Wages


Cost of Materials


Value of Products


Chemicals


.909


9


1,795


6,629,000


386,000 269,000


823,000 630,000 503,000


1,795,000


3,965,000


1899


9


1,231


7,212,000


252,000


1,461,000


3,113,000


Clocks and watches, including cases and materials.


1909


6


586


1,763,000


70,000


276,000


19,000


65,000


170,000


1899


8


1,601,000


59,000


793,000


1,389,000


Clothing, men's, including shirts


1909


73


2,177


1,131,000


95,000


998,000


802,000 672,000


1,850,000


1899


49


359,000


44,000


455,000


319,000


1,143,000


Clothing, women's.


1909


30


2,615


1,739,000


212,000


767,000


1,569,000


3,349,000


1904


20


2.044


936,000


121,000


488,000


1,348,000


2,374,000


1899


24


1,460


932,000


88,000


410,000


716,000


1,643,000


Confectionery


1909


16


471


1,328,000


70,000


131,000


837,000 387,000


932,000


1899


6


87,000


8,000


20,000


85,000


154,000


Copper, tin, and sheet-iron prod-


1909


43


2,883


3,612,000


281,000


1,424,000


1,800,000


4,166,000


ucts


1904


48


2,646


2,759,000


235,000


1,067,000


1,522,000


3,324,000


1899


27


1,018,000


60,000


410,000


526,000


1,245,000


Cutlery and tools, not elsewhere specified


1909


39


1,759


2,162,000


192,000


756,000


646,000


2,081,000


1904


32


1,407


1,677,000


121,000


671,000


546,000


1,722,000


1899


30


...


1,239,000


147,000


628,000


615,000


1,686,000


1904


48


1,771


665,000


57,000


716,000


324,000 61,000 341,000


593,000


1,179,000


1904


3


110


1904


9


1,557


7,512,000


2,404,000


4,805,000


HISTORY OF NEWARK


920


1,635,000


1904


11


307


409,000


18,000


96,000


2,473,000


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ī الكراوحة


NEWARK MANUFACTURES .- Continued. Comparative Summary for 1909, 1904, and 1899-All Industries Combined and Selected Industries.


INDUSTRY


Census


No. of Establish- ments


No. of Persons Engaged


Capital


Salaries


Wages


Cost of Materials


Value of Products


Electrical machinery, apparatus and supplies.


1909


21


3,346


7,433,000


658,000


1,516,000


1,482,000


5,617,000


1904


15


1,538


5,177,000


170,000


670,000


845,000


2,549,000


1899


12


574


1,463,000


90,000


264,000


422,000


1,169,000


Fancy articles, not elsewhere specified


1909


14


372


369,000


52,000


137,000


155,000


439,000


1904


11


1,084


1,022,000 842,000


175,000


321,000


468,000


1,160,000


Foundry and machine-shop prod-


1909


168


7,585


13,136,000


1,376,000


4,228,000


6,661,000


15,482,000


1904


*


159


6,528


9,780,000


883,000


3,124,000


3,871,000


10,637,000


1899


*


149


4,992


7,083,000


519,000


2,216,000


3,166,000


7,717,000


Hats, fur-felt


1909


35


2,384


2,176,000


196,000


1,419,000


2,074,000


4,433,000


1904


37


2,795


2,334,000


167,000


1,502,000


2,204,000


4,586,000


1899


31


2,395


1,272,000


111,000


1,155,000


1,741,000


3,454,000


Jewelry


1909


145


4,777


11,937,000


1,252,000


2,511,000


6,240,000


13,152,000


1904


110


3,532


7,133,000


522,000


1,833,000


4,62S,000


9,258,000


1899


98


3,254


5,513,000


395,000


1,556,000


3,823,000


7,364,000


Leather goods


1909


46


865


1,304,000


134,000


382,000


859,000


1,666,000


1904


48


906


911,000


96,000


379,000


907,000


1,811,000


1899


36


1,128,000


82,000


578,000


988,000


2,050,000


Leather, tanned, curried and fin- ished


1909


63


4,149


12,837,000


566,000


2,504,000


13,416,000


18,858,000


1904


52


3,799


9,796,000


347,000


2,108,000


8,610,000


13,578,000


1899


61


3,562


8,087,000


338,000


1,661,000


7,392,000


10,857,000


1899


19


171,000


409,000


552,000


1,583,000


ucts


HISTORY OF NEWARK


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NEWARK MANUFACTURES .- Continued. Comparative Summary for 1909, 1904, and 1899-All Industries Combined and Selected Industries.


INDUSTRY


Census


No. of Establish- ments


No. of Persons Engaged


Capital


Salaries


Wages


Cost of Materials


Value of Products


Liquors, malt


1909


14


1.540


19,928,000


714,000


2,799,000


12,361,000


1904


17


1,461


15,824,000


607,000 490,000


1,041,000 958,000 775,000


1,654,000


8,236,000


Lumber and timber products


1909


26


8:29


1,329,000


86,000


346,000


1,076,000


1,916,000


1904


27


774


665,000


53,000


393,000


693,000


1,253,000


1899


20


479


459,000


43,000


183,000


450,000


793,000


Marble and stone work.


1909


23


333


713,000


47,000


250,000


322,000


834,000


1904


13


412


486,000


47,000


325,000


288,000


886,000


1899


16


436,000


34,000


247,000


325,000


723,000


Mattresses and spring beds


1909


7


323


379,000


44,000


131,000


437,000


664,000


1904


6


83


86,000


13,000


35,000


152,000


240,000


1899


6


32,000


4,000


17,000


72,000


110,000


Millinery and lace goods


1909


9


269


215,000


12,000


201,000


404,000


1904


4


327


217,000


4,000


104,000 94,000


181,000


367,000


# 1899


Oil. not elsewhere specified.


1909


217


1,087,000


133,000


76,000


1,215,000


1,614,000


1904


4


92


434,000


61,000


43,000


753,000


994,000


1899


5


79


322,000


62,000


24,000


424,000


588,000


Paint and Varnish


1909


25


1,033


6,028,000


770,000


385,000


4,268,000


6,733,000


1904


20


790


4,122,000


475,000


284,000


2,522,000


4,706,000


1899


23


709


4,561,000


416,000


277,000


1,945,000


3,644,000


922


HISTORY OF NEWARK


.


1899


16


1,180


12,176,000


2,337,000


10,917,000


٢


-


L


ר


NEWARK MANUFACTURES .- Continued. Comparative Summary for 1909, 1904, and 1899-All Industries Combined and Selected Industries.


-


INDUSTRY


No. of No. of Census Establish- Persons ments


Capital


Salaries


Wages


Cost of Materials


Value of Products


Patent


medicines and


com-


1909


33


244


700,000 404,000 40,000


189,000 37,000 16.000


63,000 39,000


372,000 183,000


959,000


rations


1899


11


77


173,000


Printing and publishing


1909


118


2,180


4,273.000 2,638,000


352.000


743,000 580,000


626,000


2,045,000


Rubber goods, not elsewhere specified


1909


4


169


617,000


34,000


75,000


477,000


691,000


1904


1


119


428.000


16,000


49,000


270,000


134,000


1899


5


108


213,000


11,000


39,000


242,000


361,000


Slaughtering and meat packing


1909


13


355


886,000


55,000


188.000


3,760,000


4,297,000


1904


10


232


122,000


12.000


126,000


2,520,000


2,934,000


1899


12


377,000


33,000


96,000


3,292,000


3,559,000


1909


101


1,735


2,298,000


146,000




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