USA > New Jersey > Salem County > History of the counties of Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland New Jersey, with biographical sketches of their prominent citizens, vol. 2 > Part 34
USA > New Jersey > Gloucester County > History of the counties of Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland New Jersey, with biographical sketches of their prominent citizens, vol. 2 > Part 34
USA > New Jersey > Cumberland County > History of the counties of Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland New Jersey, with biographical sketches of their prominent citizens, vol. 2 > Part 34
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ship of Landis. Richard Penn (the elder), by his will made in 1768, left his three-fourths of these two sur- vers to his son, Richard Penn (the younger), to whom Thomas Penn, who owned one-fourth, conveyed his share in 1771.
In 1776, Richard Penn, by his attorney, Tench Francis, conveyed nine thousand four hundred and sixty-one and a half acres, part of the nineteen thou- sand nine hundred and sixty-two acre survey, to- gether with a number of other tracts in this county, and five thousand seven hundred and ninety-six acre- on the west side of Maurice River, in Salem County, mostly lying adjoining one another, and containing in all over twenty thousand aere-, to Joseph Burr, James Verree, John Bispham, and John West, who also bought a number of other tracts from other per- sons, making them owners of about twenty-four thon- sand acres in all.
John West's share was transferred to Joseph Smith:
line of Squibbs' survey up the river above the pres- , in a few months, and these men formed themselves
into a company, called the Union Company, and their estate was long known as the Union Mills Tract. Their object in this was without doubt to work off the timber which covered almost the entire. country, val- nable tracts of cedar swamp lying along the river and its branches, besides the oak and pine on the higher lands. They made no attempt to improve or settle the land. In 1795 the Union property was sold by Joseph Smith, Henry Drinker, George Bowne, and the other members of the company to Robert Smith, Joseph Buck, and Eli Eliner; Ezckiel Foster also bad a one-eighth interest in it. Millville was laid out and named by Buck, who soon reninved there from Bridgeton, and lots were sold off to settler. All the residue of the two surveys of the Penna was con- veyed by Benjamin Chew, Richard Pean, Jr.'s attor- ney, to John Moore White, James Giles, and Jere- miah Buck, all of Bridgeton, who sold off parcels to a large number of persons. The most of it bing wert of the river is still woodland.
The lands embraced in the limits of the city of Millville, Landis township, and the castern parts of the townships of Fairfield, Downe, and Deerfield, That portion of the l'enn nineteen thousand niuc hundred and sixty-two nere survey outside of the built-up portions of the city of Millville was held mostly in large tracts of from five hundred to four thousand five hundred acres, and passed through the hands of various purchasers, who only ent the wood and timber upon it from time to time until about 1812. Between that date aud 1816, David C. Wood and Ed- ward Smith, of Philadelphia, gradually bought up the most of these different tracts, including the Union Vill Company's property, and brought down the water to Millville and crected a blast furnace. Smith con- veyed bis one-half part of the whole property to Jo- seph Jones, March 25, 1816, and he to Jesse B. Quiaby two days later, who sold it to Wood, the owner of the other half, Feb. 22, 1817. He bought up nearly the entire remaining portions of the Penn survey, and covering nearly all of the county east of Marricc were located in two surveys to Richard Penn and Thomas Penn. by virtue of proprietary rights which they obtained by the wills of their father, William Penn, and of their brother, John Penn. One of their surveys, containing nine thousand five hundred and forty-three acres, was on the west of Maurice River, and extended from the head-waters of Autuxit and Crdar Creeks and the Town Branch (or Mill Creek at Fairton) to the Maurice River at Millville, and from : the head of Autuxit northward to the south line of the society's middle tract, joining on the east line of the Pamphilia tract. The other survey, on the east of the river, contained nineteen thousand nine hun- Ared and sixty-two acres, exclusive of smaller sur- veys previously made, and covered nearly all the land included in the limits of the city of Millville (which embrace a large -copy of woodland outside | became the owner of about twenty thon-and acres, the built-up portion- of the city) and of the town-
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HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
River and north of Millville, and portions of Salem and Gloucester Counties adjoining. Becoming em- barrassed in business, his property was sold, partly by a master in chancery on foreclosure proceedings, and partly by the sheriff on judgments against him, and was bought by his brother, Richard D. Wood, of Philadelphia. That portion of it outside of the built-up portions of the city of Millville remained in woodland until Charles K. Landis purchased it and established the settlement of Vineland. in the fall of 1861. It is now in large part cleared and cultivated, and contains a large population of thrifty and enter- prising inhabitants.
The progress of the carly settlement of any country There is no certain evidence now known that any is intimately associated with the titles to the land, ! white settlers had located in the limits of what is naw since the cultivation of the soil is the first employ- Cumberland County previous to the settlement of Salem by Fenwick in the fall of 1675. He proceedel at once to extinguish the Indian title to the land, and by the next spring he had bought all the rights of the Indians from Oldman's Creek to Maurice River. The first business was the setting off to the purchasers of the lands which they had bought of Fenwick. To accomplish this, an agreement, dated Fourth month (June) 25, 1676, signed by part of the settlers, setting forth the manner in which it should be done. Among other things, it provided ment in a new country. Good titles to good lands, easily acquired, attract settlers. A knowledge of the titles to land, from whom derived and when acquired, is necessary before the student of history can thor- oughly understand the motives and aims of settlers and the progress of their settlements. The titles to land in Greenwich being acquired from Fenwick, and being conveyed to Friends, stamped that community with a characteristic which has never been lost. Robert Ayers' two thousand two hundred acres pur- chase, in 1705, gave to the county the community of Sabbatarians at Shiloh and vicinity ; and could a clear title have been carlier obtained for the Bellers survey, the county-seat would probably have been at - the town which Daniel Eher tried to establish on the banks of the Cohansey, below Fairton, in the ; midst of the enterprising New England Town settlers. I
CHAPTER LXXIX.
EARLY SETTLERS.
Who were the first white settlers in the limits of Cumberland County is not known. It has been said that some of the Swedes, who made a settlement far- ther up the Delaware in 1638, established themselves on the shores of Maurice River previous to any other white settlers in the county, but no evidence has been found to sustain this opinion, although it is probable that such was the case. In a book called " Historical and Genealogical Account of the Province and Coun- try of Pennsylvania and of West New Jersey," pub- lished in London, in 1698, by Gabriel Thomas, a Friend, who a short time before had returned from this country, he speaks of Prince Maurice River, " where the Swedes used to kill the geese in great numbers for their feathers only, leaving their car- casses behind them." How long a time before the date of his book he meant is not stated, but it implies that there were some Swedish surtiers there previous
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the descendants of many of the Swedes are quite nu. merouis to this day.
There is no evidence to show that any of the New : Haven settlers, who came into the Delaware and settled on Salem Creek about 1641, and who were dispersed by the Dutch, under orders from Governor Kieft, of New York, were permitted to remain in aby part of the country, although there are statements to such effect. The jealousy of the Dutch concerning the trade of the South or Delaware River was on great that they refused to permit them to remain. and all the data now accessible leads to the conclu- sion that they were entirely driven out.
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" that every purchaser that is resident shall forthwith have his tract of lard sel out, the one-halfe in the little of Cohansick, the other halfe tu the Hb'tle of Allowayes, or as the soul chicle proprietor shall order the saule bere or elsewhere. . . . That there shall be a neck or pirer of land sett ont for a town att Chobanzt be, and divided into twoy pres, the une for the chiefe proprietor, the other to be sett out into towne lotts for the purchasers, web lotts are to be reckened as part of their purchases: the chiede proprietor le to settle, gratis, upon the towne, a corner of march. and to dispose of his part for the Incouraging of trayd, &c. That the lotta shall be sixteen acres aplece, and that every purchaser shall tike their lott in the towne as they come to take them up and plant them."
Those who had themselves come to settle were given the first choice of town lots, and their tracts of land were first surveyed for them, and after that the choice was to be according to the order in which future settlers should come.
This is the first mention of the name Cohausey, and tradition says that it was the name of an Indian chief who resided in this region. The correct spell- ing of the Indian name is supposed to be Cohanzick. The whole region drained by that river was called Cohansey for many years, but the town above fre- vided for soon took the name of Greenwich. Except as the name of the river, this Indian cognomen i- now known only as the name of a small cross-road- post-office, established in 1870, near the head-water- of the river and close to the Salem County line, and as the name of one or two beneficial societies. It is much to be regretted that this beautiful Indian name was not retained for Greenwich, or that when the old name of Cohansey Bridge for the county-seat wa- changed, the last of the two words was not dropped instead of the first.
The Indian name of the river, according to some to his publication. Whether the first settlers or not, !authorities, was Canahockink, but on the earliest
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GENERAL HISTORY.
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map of the Delaware and its shores, made by the ing throughout the whole province; but Fenwick. minent Swedish engineer. Peter Lindstrom, in.1654 and 1655, the Indian name of the Cohansey is given a- Sepahacking. Fenwick, in his will, directed that it should thereafter be called Carsaria River, but that name never came into general use.
Fenwick designed peopling hi- whole tenth, and therefore planned the laying out of a town at Cohan- sey, and the setting off' of lands to the settlers there and at Alloways as before mentioned. But Salem, being the seat of the chief Proprietor and of the principal settlers, naturally attracted the miost of the succeeding arrivals, while the difficulties and doubts concerning the title which Fenwick possessed, grow- ing out of the Edridge and Warner mortgage, deterred many from settling in his colony.
The laying out of the town at Cohansey seems to have been delayed until after Fenwick's death, but some of the first purchasers took up their lands in this county. James Wass's five thousand acres, Joshua Barkstead's five thousand acres in right of his brother John, Edward Duke's six thon-and acres, Joseph Helmsley's one thousand aeres, John Smith's one thousand acres, and other tracts, all of which were sold by Fenwick before leaving England, were located in the region of the Cohansey. The land on the east of Cohansey, between that river and Back ('reck, early attracted the notice of the new comers, anul was covered with small surveys.
As early as June 6, 1678, less than three years from the arrival of Fenwick, William Worth, one of his grantees, had a survey made for him by Richard Han- cock, Fenwick's deputy surveyor, of five hundred acres of land, which included the present Laning's wharf property opposite Greenwich. Hle sold one- half of the tract in 1668, and the remainder at a later date. ile is the first person known to have settled east of the Cohansey, but was soon followed by others.
Fenwick, on his arrival, had instituted a govern- ment for his colony independent of the other pro- prietors of West Jersey, claiming that by the terms of his grants he was empowered so to do. Tenacious of his anthority and rights, as he viewed them, he steadfastly refused to yield one iota of his govern- mental privileges, until the progress of events and the adherence of the leading settlers of his colony to the government established at Burlington made it no Junger possible to resist. The West Jersey . Assembly appointed officers and enacted laws for Saleor at its first meeting in November, 1681, and did the same the next year. A large number of the Salem settlers had signed the Concessions and Agreements for the government of the whole of West Jersey, and their acknowledgment of the authority of the Assembly m:vle it evident to Fenwick that a separate govern- ment was impossible. At the session held May 2-15, 1683, he himself became one of the members, and it was unanimously agreed that the Concessions and Agreements agreed on March 3, 1676, were bind-
with the tenaciousne-s characteristic of the man, as- serted that his tenth was not subject to those agree- ments at that time, "but now freely consenteth there- unto." A short time preceding this (March 23, 1653) he had conveyed to William Penn all his remaining rights in the land and government of West Jersey, excepting thereout one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, and reserving the right to keep courts leet and courts baronial within the said tract under the government of.Penn. Thus was ended the dispute concerning the rights of government, and the complete merging of Fenwick's colony in that of West Jersey was accomplished. His reservation of the right to keep the old minor courts which pertained to the lord of the manor was further set out in his will, dated Aug. 7, 1683, wherein he ordered two manors to be erected near Salem, and also one at Cohansey, as follows :
" Item, I give and Bequeath unlo my three grandchildren & Hlvirs fenwick lams, Samt Hedge the younger & John Champurss for their Lives and to their haire male Lawfully begotten forever and see Suckers- elvely us AFres I all that Tract of Land Lying upon the River Heattofore rallel L'ohauzey Which I will llave Hereafter called Cuesari i River & which is known By the Name of the town Neck and my Will is that it tos. ather With >. Land on the other Side Which is called Shrosbury Nick [upper Back Neck] and other the Lands thereauto Belonging Which Is contained in my Indian Purchas and so up the Bay to the Mouth of Mommonth River [Alloways Creek] and up Monmouth Hiver To the Head or furthest Brauch thereof & son iu a straight line to y- load of Carsaria Hiver all winch I will to be called the Manner of Che- saria and that there Shall be A City Erected und marshes & Laund al- lowed an ty Executors Shall be convenient at Erecting thereof which 1 Impower them to Doe And to Name the anine, further my Will is this' ont of ye Roublue of > . Land & Marches shall be Divided equally amongst tuy Said Heirs & that ffenwicks Divident Shall Joynr to yr Town & Bacons ('rerke [pro' ably Pine Mountain Hunj -- Where my Will is their shall be A House Erected & called Je Manor House for Keep- ing of Contta & that yo other two Diridente Shall amount unto one Thousand Acres at Least."
This projected manor included in its bound, the townships of Greenwich, Stow Creek, and Hopewell, in this county, and nearly the whole of Lower Allo- way's Creek, Quinton, and Upper Alloways Creek town- ships, in Salem County, but no attempt was ever made to.carry out the directions of the will. The genius of the government established by Fenwick himself, as well as that by the other settlers, was entirely opposed to those old feudal customs and right- wherein the lord of the manor held rights and privileges not derived from the people.
By his will Fenwick also directed his executors to prorved with the laying out of the town of Cohansey, by first selling off the lots that he was to have, and then giving every frecholder a lot, upon condition they build upon it as bis executors should think fit, and also provided "further I Give & my minde is That Martha Smith my Xtian friend to have A Tenn Vere Lott in the Town of New Salem and Two Lotts of Land at Chohansey at the Town intended ou ye River Cie-aria equal with the Rest When Settled as before is appointed."
Io parsuance of his plans and directions, his ex-
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HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
ecutors. William Penn, John Smith, of Smithfield, Friends. Most of the first settlers of Greenwich wer. Sammel Henge. his son-in-law, and Richard Tindall, his surveyor-general, laid out the town at Greenwich. The main street was made one hundred feet wide, in accordance with the Concessions and Agreements, which provided for streets in cities, towns, and vil- lages to be not less than one hundred feet in width. Sixteen-acre lots were run out on each side of the main street, two of which, as ordered by Fenwick's will, were set off' to Martha Smith. She was the wife of John Smith, of Amblebury. They, with four children, came with Fenwick in the " Griffin." Que of those lots John Smith and wife Martha sold to Alexander Smith, May 4. 1685. Besides those, Fen- wick's executors sold sixteeu-acre lots to the follow- ing:
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Alexander Stulth, March 10, 1685. Mark Reeve, Aug. , Josh. Thomas Watson, Aug. 11, Icso. Julin Clark, = 46 John Mason. Sept. 20, less. Thomas Smith, "
William Bicon, Dee. 16, les ?. .. J.Heph Browne aud I neie, his wife, Feb. 16, In .; 3. Sanmel Bao, $ 1.1. 27, 1650.
Jeremiah Baozi, Juve 1, 1:26, 4 Edward Hurlurt, April 15, 16Jů. 44 Joseph Deuni -. Oct. 15, 1770. 3 44 E'noch Moore, Jan. 10, 17.1. .. = Obadialı Holmes, Jan. 10, 1701.
Francls Alexander, March 2, 1703.
Obadiah Huliges, Joue 14, IGUS, twenty-two acres of marsh on Mill Creek, adjoining the bed where he then lived in Greenwich, la two lots or Dine and thirteen acre.
Sixteen-acre lots at Greenwich were also set off to others by warrants directed to Richard Tindall, sur- veyor-general, and his deputy, John Worledge, as follows:
Jatues Clark, 31 month, 5th, 1985. Richard Panger, 4th 10-1.1l., 145.
Joksu Nich JJ-, Och month, bin, Je25.
George Fran4, 5th cionth, 21, 1683. Joshua Bark Roger Carary, 12th month, 14th, 16:5. Julin March, tth uintath, 15th, 19:7. John Ketcham, SI mouth, 15th, 16-1. Of these purchasers, Mark Reeve. Thomas Smith, William Bacon, Joseph Browne, Samuel Bacon, Jere- miah Bacon, Enoch Moore, Obadiah Holmes, John Nichols, and Joshua Barkstead are known to have settled on their lots, and are among the first settlers at Greenwich. Francis Alexander perhaps settled ou his lots for a few years, but soon removed across the Cohansey, and was one of the leading citizens of Fair- field. All the purchasers mentioned above, excep! Moore, Hohae-, and Alexander, were of the Society of Friends, and a few of them settled in Slow Creek, and also in Shrewsbury Neck, opposite Greenwich, and a later date oa Maurice River, but in no other jur- tions of the county were there more than scattered members. After the doubts concerning the title to lands in this region, growing ont of the disputes between Fun wick and the other Proprietors, were ended new set- tlere arrived in increasing numbers. Besides the Friends, a large number came from the mother-coun- try, and from New England. Long Island, and Ent -! Jersey, and settled in the limits of this county before 1700. Among the early settlers on the north side of the Cobansey, beside the purchasers of lots at Greenwich already mentioned, were Samuel Woodhouse, John Roberts, Sr., Jonathan, Samuel, and John Dennis. Gabriel Davis, Charles Bagley, John Brick, who came from England and settled on his one thousand aere tract at Jericho (all of whom were Friends), and John Williams. Roger Maul, Job Sheppard, -on of John, who was one of the first settlers in Back Neck: Thomas Craven, John Miller, Noah Miller, Williau. Daniels, Robert Robins, John Taylor, Richar; Butcher, William Johnson, John Swinney, William .. Remington, Jonathan Walling. Edward Fairbank -. James Hudson, Nathaniel Di-bop, Thomas Stathem -. Thomas Maskell, and Samuel Fithian (both of whom settled first at Fairfield), John Chattield, Michael Iszard, Joshua Curti-, Thomas Berriman, John Ware (who came from Salem), Thomas Waithman, and Henry Joyce. Most of these came with the New England Town settlers. They mo-tly settled in Green- wich and the lower part of Hopewell township, and some few in Stow Creek. The next generation -prend over the upper parts of Stow Creek and Hopewell. Jacob Ware, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, settled in Uppe: Hopewell, on a part of James Was's survey, in the first part of the last century, and has left a long line of worthy descendants in that region. Harbar Peck. who came from Connecticut, also settled there, ani has descendants, mostly in the female line, still resid- ing in the county. Rev. Timothy Brooks and a number of Welsh B ....- tists came from Swansea, Masa, about 1687, to which place Rev. John Miles and his church came about 1642 from Swansea, Wales. Among Brooks' com- pany were Sammel and Dan Bowen, Caleb Barret !. and Noah Wheaton. They were the first settlers at Bowentown and the vicinity. Robert Ayars came front Rhode Island and settled in Shrewsbury Neck, but soon removed to the two thousand two hundred acre tract he bought of James Wars, and was one of the first settlers in the vicinity of shiloh. Shrewsbury and Back Necks, in Fairfield town -hip. were settled almost at the same time as Greenwich, the land being mostly taken up by actual occupant .. (quite a number of them were Friends, and the ie" 513 GENERAL HISTORY. were mostly the early Baptist settlers. Among the Friends were Thomas Smith, who died in 1692, and Mark Reeve, who died in 1694, both of whom first re- sided aut Greenwich ; Solomon Smith, son of Thomas, who afterwards removed to Burlington, and was a carpenter ; William Worth, James Pierce, and Wil- liam Shattock, all of whom only remained a few years, and John Gillman, Sr., who settled here about 1683, and died in 1605. The first Baptist settlers in South Jersey eame in 1683, aml settled in Back Nick. Among them were David, Thomas, James, and John shepherd (the first three of whom are known to have been brothers, and there is no doubt that the last was also a brother), Thomas Abbott, who died in 1718, and William Button. Between 1694 and 1697 a large number of settlers from Faisfickl, Conn., settled east of the Tweed or Back Creek, on John Bellers' two surveys, taking the land from his agent, Thomas Budd, on a nominal quit- rent, and with a bond from Budd to make a complete title or pay them for their improvements. In May, 1697, the Legislature, sitting at Burlington, enacted the following : " AN ACT for Fairgeld erected into a Town hip: " WHEREAS, the Feeling of the Province does increase the value . thereof, and time encon:agement to new settlers Is a Dicahs to eth -t the Foie ; Be it cancted by The Governor, with the adver of the Council Representatives In this present Assembly met and assembles, and by the authority of the nine, that the Truct of land in Cubaosy, purka-+ 1 by several people lately huhabitants of Fairhet Hin New England, be, from and after the date licreo!, erected into a Township, nel lo called I ir- field, which is herely imponerad In the summe privileged as any other Tow tıship In this l'ivslunce are or have been, that are not towns incor- ¡ omte." The region of country which they occupied centred around the cro-s-roads made by the road from Prek Neck to Maurice River and the road from Cobansey Bridge to Cedar Creek and Autuxit, which then crossed one another near where the present road from the Swing's meeting-house graveyard and the old Presbyterian graveyard in its rear strikes the road from Fairton to Rockville. For over a century this was well known as New England Town cross-roads, but the alterations in the obl roads and the growth of the village of Fairton, not far off, have gradually caused the neighborhood to be of less importance and the name to be less used. and at this day it is only heard from the older inhabitants, while its exact loca- tion is known to few. scendants are still among the leading citizens, not only of Fairfield, but also of other portions of the county, and are to be found in every State in the Union. Among these settler-, those known tu have left de- scendants in this county were Capt. Joseph Seeley, Jo- seph. David. and Ephraim Sayre (all brothers), John, Jonathan, and Samuel Ogden, Daniel Westcott, Samuel Fithian ( who removed to Greenwich in a few years), Thomas Harris, Heury Buck, Levi Preston, Thomas Di- ament, Thomas Maskell (who also removed to Green- wich). Benjamin Stratton, Thomas Bennett, Jeremiah Bennett, John Mills, Edmund Shaw (whokeptaninnas early as 1699, the first in Fairfield. Leonard Berriman, James Padgett, Benjamin Davis, and Michael Hannah. Others of the settlers were James, Samuel, and Francis Alexander. Samuel Barns, Joseph Wheeler. Nicholas Johnson, John Shaw, William Clarke, Anthony Dick- ason, Thomas Alderman, John Fairchild, Joseph Riley, Thomas Furbush, John Green, John Bishop, and the ancestors of the Daytons, Mulfords, Howells, Roses, Piersons, Reeves (excluding the Mark Reeve family ), and Lawrences. Besides these, others settled on the south side of Cohansey, coming from various places, some of them probably from Connecticut and Long Island: Richard Whitaker (a Friend, who first settled in Salem), Joseph Lastland and Charles Bag- ley (also Friends), John Bateman, Thoma- Parvin, Philip Virkary ( who came from Salent). Capt. Wif- Ham Dare. John Row, Jonathan Fithian, Stephen Halford; Robert Dougless settled at Cedar Creek ; Garret Garrison bought lots in the Indian Fields trart and settled there, but soon sold them and re- moved to Antuxit; John Garrison settled at Antuxit : Joseph Smith at Fairfield, and was a carpenter; and Joseph Grimes, from whom the bridge mentioned in the laying out of the road from Salem to Maurice River in 1705 probably took its name. Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.