USA > New Jersey > Salem County > History of the counties of Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland New Jersey, with biographical sketches of their prominent citizens, vol. 2 > Part 37
USA > New Jersey > Gloucester County > History of the counties of Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland New Jersey, with biographical sketches of their prominent citizens, vol. 2 > Part 37
USA > New Jersey > Cumberland County > History of the counties of Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland New Jersey, with biographical sketches of their prominent citizens, vol. 2 > Part 37
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1742. Jacob Warz.
CHAPTER LXXXII.
ORGANIZATION AND BOUNDARIES OF THE COUNTY.
WEST JERSEY wa- originally divided into tenths, called First, Second, Third, and Salem Tenths. In 1684 the " Fourth Tenth" is also mentioned, formed
1 Appointed Sept 23, 1712, in jince of John Row.
: Appointel Nov. 24, 1737. mh pince of Alabais Carriwt.
3 Aylarsted Fel. 17, 17H, in jduce of William leej.
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". To begin at the utmost flowing of the tide in Prince Maurice River, belug nbont twenty mlles from the mouth of said river, and then ly a line running tasterly to the most northerly point of Great Lgg Harler, and from thence southerly along by the sea to the point of Cape May ; thence pround Cape May, and up Maurice Hiver to the Arst point men- tioned."
The "utmost flowing of the tide" in Maurice River is above the present city of Millville. Previous to the creating of Cape May County the First and See- ond Tenths had become the county of Burlington. the Third and Fourth Tenths the county of CHlouces- ter, and Salem Tenth the county of Salem ; but there is no record of when or how this took place, but prob- ably by an act of A-sembly. From 16S5 to 1692 sos- sions of the Assembly were held, but no record of them is now known to exist.
By separate acts of Assembly, all passed May 17, 1694, the boundaries of Burlington, Gloucester, Salen, aud Cape May Counties were more clearly defined, and the "Tenths" finally abolished. "An Act for Boundaries of Salem County" enacted that
" the jurisdiction of Salem Court shall extend fruin the af iresaid Berk- ley River on the North, to the River Tweed, formerly calied Back Creek, on the South, and is hereby named, and from henceforth called the County of Saletn."
The region from Back Creek to Maurice River wa- still an uninhabited wilderness, and not included in the bounds of any county. It was not until May 25, 1700, that an act was passed which provided
" that all persons Inhabiting on the River Tweed, Nelu ; the lower Bound, of Salem C'unity, at I all Settleme ,ts below unto the Bounds of the County of Cape May shall from henceforth be annexed lo and be sich. ject to the Juris Itction of the Court and County of Salam, until it shall be otherwise ordered by the G. veral frre Assembly of this Province."
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Jan. 21, 1710, an pet was passed which reduced Cape May and extended the bounds of Salem to the eastern limits of what is now Cumberland. It re- cited that. great inconveniences had arisen by the nu- certainty of the boundaries of the several counties ni
from part of the Third. Salem Tenth, beginning at the bounds of Gloucester County as it now is, in- cluded all the lands which John Fenwick claimed by virtue of his ownership of one-tenth of West Jersey. This included all that portion of what is Cumberland County lying west of the river Tweed, or Back Creek, in Fairnell township. None of the land cast of the Tweed and reaching to the sea-shore was included in any organized community until the erection of the county of Cape May by an act of Assembly passed Nov. 12, 1692. This was owing to there being few inhabitants in all that region, the earliest data that have been found as to any inhabitants there being in 1685, when the Legislature appointed Caleb Carman a justice of the peace for Cape May, and Jonathan Pine constable. The appointment of these officers proves that there were people living at Cape May previous to that date, and in all probability there were also scattered settlers within the eastern part of this county along the shores of Maurice River. The act establishing the county of Cape May bounded it :
1722. E.benezer Sayre. John Hishup.
1:19. Levi Per-ton.
1:30. Jonah Brooks.
Ephraim PatoD.
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-
1714-15. Jouathen Smitl :.
Samuel Shepherd.
1 1736. Nathaniel Whitaker. John Cornwell.
523
GENERAL HISTORY.
the province, and then proceeded to fix them more definitely. By this act the division line between Salem and Cape May began
"at the month of a small creek on the west side of Stepson's I-land. rotativoly called Jecak's Creek; thence up the said creek as high as the tide flowith : thence upon a direct line to the mouth of a small creek at Tuckahoe, where it comes into the southermost Main Brauch of the Fork of Great Igg Harbour Ilver."
Jecak's Creek is now called West Creek, and is still the boundary between Cumberland and Cape May.
From 1710 until 1748 this county was a part of Salem County. In 1733 an unsuccessful attempt was made to obtain a new county, owing to the great in- convenience experienced in having to go to the town of Salem to attend the courts, elections (there being but one poll in each county), and all other public business. The Tenth Assembly, after the union of East and West Jersey, began its first session May 7, 1730, and ended July 8th of the same year. The members from Salein County were James Whitton and John Brick, the latter of whom lived within the bounds of this county on the southerly side of Stow Creek at Jericho. James Whitton died during the recess of the Assembly, and when they met for the second session, April 26, 1733, a writ of election was issued to fill the vacancy. The election was held at the county-seat, and the sheriff, who conducted the election, as the law then was, made a return to the Assembly on May 29th, certifying that Joseph Reeve had been elected. He lived in Shrewsbury, or Upper Back Neck, on a tract of three hundred acres, con- prising what are now the Laning and Ephraim Mul- ford farms af Laning's Wharf. Petitions were pre- -ented against him, claiming that his election was illegal, and after hearing the case the Assembly so decided, and a new writ was issued.
sembly on the next day. The Assembly granted them leave, although counter petitions against it were also presented. On August 7th, Mr. Brick brought in a hill entitled " An Act for erecting the lower Part of Salem County into a Distinct County," which, after a strong opposition from the western end of the county, was finally passed by the Assembly on August 15th, and was sent to the Council for their concurrence, But on the next day the Governor ad- journed the Legislature to November 27th, and soon after, dissolved it, thus preventing any action upon the bill by the Couneil. The desire of the royal Gov- ernors to keep the representation equal in the Assem - bly between East and West Jersey probably had much to do with the failure to pass this act. What was to have been the name of the county by that act is unknown.
On Jan. 19, 1745, the act creating a new county from the southern parts of Salem was passed by the Assembly, it having already passed the Council, and thereby became a law. By this act the bounds of the new county were described as follows :
" Beginolyg in the county of Salem, at the month of Stow Creek, and ruoning up the same nuto John Brick's mills, leaving the said Brick's mills within the county hereby erected, they continning still up Stow Crerk Branch to the house where lugh Dun now dwells, leaving Ingh Dan within the new county ; and from the ssid Hugh hun's house, upon a straight line to Nnthan Shaw's house, leaving sait Nathan Shaw's house within the new conuts ; and then on a northeast courso until it Intersects the Pileagrovo line, leaving Pilesgrove within Salem County ; then along the stid line till It intersects the line which divides the couo- ties of Gloucester and Salein ; then running southeastward down Glouces- ter tine unto the boundaries of Cape May Cunuty ; then bounded by Cape May County to Delaware Bay; and then up Delaware Bay to the place of beginning."
The county was named after the Duke of Cumber- land, who, in 1746, defeated the Pretender, Charles Edward, at the battle of Culloden, and thereby estab- lished the House of Hanover permanently on the British throne. The act also divided the county into six townships or precinets, as they were called, three
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When the Assembly reassembled at Burlington, on July 17th, after a short adjournment, William Han- cock, who resided at Hancock's Bridge, and who had been one of the candidates at the election when Jo- . on each side of the Cohansey, viz : Greenwich, Hope- seph leeve was returned as elected, now appeared as well, and Stow Creek on the west, and Deerfield, Fairfield, and Maurice River on the cast. It also provided that the county should continue to elect members of Assembly in connection with Salem County until it should be otherwise ordered by act of Assembly. The object of this clause was to maintain the equality of representation which thea existed between East and West Jersey in the Assembly. May 10, 1768, an act was passed giving two repre- sentatives to each of the counties of Cumberland, Morris, and Sussex, the latter two having previously elected in conjunction with Hunterdon, after the end of the then existing Assembly, but Cumberland con- tinned to elect with Salem until the election of the Assembly which convene! Aug. 19, 1772, when she was first represented by two members of her own, - John Sheppard and Theophilus Elmer. a member, and was sword in. The great disadvantages which they labored under in having the county-seat at the extreme western end of the county, of which they had a forcible illustration in the two successive elections just passed, together with the favorable op- portunity of the building of a new court-house, the necessity for which was urgent, stirred up the inhab- itants of this end of the county to make an effort to bave the new conrt-house built nearer the centre of the county. Petitions to that effect were presented to the Assembly on July 25th, and on August 3d counter petitions were prezentel in favor of rebuild- ing at Salem, and the Assembly then considered the petition of " the Inhabitants of Cohansie" in favor of . the removal, but decided again-t it. They evidently anticipated this result, as they had other petitions already prepared praying leave to bring in a bill to By act of the Legislature of March 13, 1844, the divide the county, which were presented to the As- , eastern corner of Maurice Rifer town-hip, including
:
524
HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
the village of Marshallville, was set off to Cape (the clerk of the board) to enter all the minutes of May County, but Feb. 26, 1815, it was reannexed the board in the book. to Cumberland. By an act approved March 26, At the May meeting, 1752, the county collector". account for the year 1751 was settled. This is the first account given, and is the return from the tax laid in 1751 towards building a court-house. The account, in full, is as follows : 1878, nearly the same territory was again set off to Cape May County, the line of division beginning where the old Cape May road crossed the county line, and running up that road to the Dorchester and Es- tellville road, then to the Cumberland and Tuckahoe 1731-Received from the County. road, then to Hunter's mill-dam, to the Atlantic County line. This corner of Maurice River township Cr. By Cash paid Howell Powell, per unter .. ... 1 .. has since remained in Cape May County. April 10, " I wolfe's head by Thomas Whit. car ... 3 U 1 3 Invre by Willrim Pean ... 1867, the township of Pittsgrove, Salem Co., was an- 3 3 1 { 64 " Nathan Lawrence .... = 1 4 " Silas P'arvin. nexed to Cumberland. This act having been passed 1 46 4 4 Thomas Whiteear. in order to secure political advantages, and the op- 46 1 late Net of Assembly. posing party having the majority iu the next Legis- " 1 panters [head; by fickarson Simkens .. a u William Pean before the 1 | 0 13 Jature, the act was repealed Feb. 25, 1868, and Pitts- £102 )5 grove was reannexed to Salem County. Thus, with By more paid for A-sessors and Collectors fees. 10 5 3 the exception of the small portion of Maurice River township set off in 1578, as above stated, the bounds Duo lo yo County £12 2 7 of the county have remained as first set off froul Salem.
£113 0 3
At the same meeting Elias Cotting, clerk of the county, was allowed £1 138. 6dl. for two books of record and a county seal.
Early Action of the Board of Freeholders .- By an act passed Feb. 28, 1717, cach town and pre- cinct in cach county was directed to choose two free- At a special meeting, Oct. 5, 1752, " ordered to be at the Court-House of Said County," the sheriff' re- ported that Joseph Burgin, William Harris, and Nathan Kook, persons imprisoned for debt, had es- caped from the jail at Greenwich, and it was agreed that the county should bear the loss for the money- due from the " Escapents," and the sheriff was ordered to pur-ue them. Joseph Burgin was captured, but the others were not, and the county paid C10 88. 2 .. for the moneys due from them. holders on the second Tuesday in March in each year, a majority of whom, with all the ju-ticos of the peace for the county, or any three of them, one whereof being of the quorum, were authorized to levy taxes and raise moneys for building of court houses and jails, and to build the same. In the commissions of justices of the peace, some of them were designated as of the quorum, without whose presence no business could be done. The board of justices and freeholders thus created managed the county business until the In May, 1758, a pair of stocks and a pillory were passage of the set of Feb. 19, 1793, incorporating the 'ordered placed near the court-house, and Joseph freeholdlers alone, and granting them more extensive powers.
The first meeting of the justices and freeholders of Cumberland was a special meeting held March 25, 1748, to authorize the building of a temporary jail until the location of the county-seat was determined.
The first regular meeting was held May 11, 1748; justices present, John Brick, John Ogden, Joseph Reeves, John Remington, John Brick, Jr., Ebenezer Miller, Thomas Padgett, Job Shepherd, Jonathan Holmes, Ephraim Seeley, Joseph Peck, Elias Cotting. Freeholders all present except John Purple, "beiog indisposed of body and not able to attend."
Jonathan Holmes, Esq., was chosen county collector for the ensuing year.
No other business is mentioned at that meeting.
At the next meeting, July 12, 1743, the county col . lector was ordered to " Call the precinct Collectors to an account and receive the moneys Remaining in tl:cir Hands." The freeholders all present except Ebenezer Wescont.
At the May meeting. 1759, "This Bord appointe Richard Wood Jeg to Buye a Book for ye Use of this
James, Jr., was employed to build them, for which he was paid £5.
At meeting of May 8, 1754, a charge was brought in by Deerfield township, for taking care of an old Indian who died in that precinct, of 54 38. 4d., which was paid to William Tullis, one of the overseer, of the poor of that township.
Iu May, 1763, a committee was appointed to join the committee from Salem to run and ascertain the boundaries between the two counties, which was done that year.
December, 1763, the arms belonging to the county in the hands of Ephraim Sceley, the county collee- tor, were ordered sold, the sale to be continued from day to day until they were all sold. Where the county obtained them, and for what purpose, i- unknown.
In 1767, Greenwich, Fairfield, and Stow Creck town-hips were authorized to have a pair of stock-, and Greenwich and Slow Creek each erected a pair
From 1778 to 1789 frequent allowances were made to the township, and county collectors for counterfeit money taken by them.
Bord, " and on June 19, 1751, they ordered John Bacon . May, 1781, a new set of stocks and pillory wa-
1
525
GENERAL HISTORY.
. dered to be placed at the north end of the court-
June, 1791, County Clerk Giles was directed to procure a seal for the county of' such device as hesaw ft, not to exceed three dollars in expense.
The first meeting under the new aet incorporating the chosen freeholders in each county, and placing the management of the county business in the hands of the frecholders alone, was bebl May 9, 1798, which noted as being a day of fasting.
In 1799 rates of ferriage over the Cohansey, at Greenwich, were tixed as follows :
1.na led wagon and two horses. 10 cents.
licht wagyu and two horses ..
44
loaded ca:t and ia.c lutse.
44
Chair not horse .. 19
Man an I borst. G
l'outinan ...... 3
sheep and wine, per head. -
Crain, per la; - 1.+1.
Cattle, per head. 6
5
In Iso) a seal was bought for the county clerk, at a cost of twenty-five dollars.
Sept. 80, 1817, the board "expressed their approba- tion of permission [given by the committee on court- house and jail} to hold a well-regulated Sunday-school and singing-schools in the house," but this privilege was rescinded in 1839.
In 1827 the line between Cumberland and Salem and Gloucester Counties was run and marked.
April 13, 1:37, the board met and pledged the faith if the county for the safe-keeping of that portion of the surplus revenge loaned by the general govern- ment to the States as might be apportioned to this county, and appointed Daniel J. Woodruff, Dr. Ed- mund Sheppard, and Jonathan Lare to loan it on bond and mortgage security. Thirty thousand dol- lars were received as the share of this county, a large portion of which was loaned to different persons, but afterwards it was all called in, with a loss of $564.47, leaving a balance in the county's possession of $20,- 437,53. Of this sum, $10,674.43 was spent on the murt-house and lot in 1844; $9120.73 in buikling and furnishing the present poor-hou-e; the balance, >0431.37, has been used for general county purposes. The interest of the fund is paid by the county yearly into the educational fund, as required by law. Judge Daniel Ehner, in 1838. succeeded the committee first appointed in the management of the fund, and was succeeded in 18-16 by his son. Charles E. Elmer, Esq .. who was agent for the fund until it was all paid to the county collector.
Directors of the Board of Chosen Freeholders. -Directors of the board of chosen freehollers were alerted by virtue of the provisions of the det incorpo- rating that body, passed Feb. 13, 1798. Previous to that the presiding member of the board was only "chairman." Those occupying the position are as follows :
1798. Eli Chuer.
12.0. Sammel Seeley.
1831-33. James Hood, Jr.
1921. 1.cvi B. Davis.
1-35. Philip Fithian.
18013. Joci Fithinn.
1836-11. Daniel M. Woodruff.
Jal2-43. Levi B. Davis.
1-14. Joseph W. Woodruff.
1815-10. Lewis Me Eride.
ist3 br. Ebenezer Eimer. 1847-48. Henty Sheppart.
1914. Timothy MImer.
1849. Jonathan Ehner.
1:15. Alijah Harris.
1:50, Cornelius Lupton.
1816-18. Simel Sveley.
1-19-20. James Clark.
1821. Sammel Seeley.
1860-71. Jonathan Elmer.
1922. Smith Rowen.
1872-77. Hubert J. Fithinn.
1:24-26. Sanmel S:ley.
1-78-79. Thomas t. Morris.
1880-82. Benjamin Hancock.
1920. Wilham Bavan. 1853. Morris Bacon.
Clerk -.
1750-51. Jul.n Bacon.
1:00. Eli Elmer.
1752-53. Aranias Sayre.
1:01. Dr. Azel Pierson.
1231-39. Samuel Fithian.
1802-4. Eli Elmer.
170170. Thomas Ewing.
1-05-9. Dr. Azel Pierson.
1771-73. Samurl Fithing. 1810-13. Dr. I'do Ogden.
1774-78 Enos Serley. 1814. George II. Burgin.
1515. Thomas Wooden.
1770. John Mutford,1 Iphrain seeley. Esq 2
Is16. Lncins Q. C. Elmer.
17 82. Ephraim Saley, Esq. 1×17-20. Dr. Ephraim Boek.
1753. Isanc Wheaton.
1821-22. Enoch Il More.
17-1. Joshua Euing.
1-23-26. Dr. Ephraim Buch.
1785-86. Holmalm Seeley, Esq.
1527-02. Muoch Hi. Mure.
17-7-94. El Elmer.
15PL36. Simmel S. S.ley.
1793. Dr. J uuthan Elmer.
1$27-60. Ingh B. Merspilles.
1661-83. Alphonso Woodruff.
1795-99. Ebenezer Ehner.
Solicitors.
1$17. 1.nclu. Q. C. Einer.
1566-67. Nixon & Mitchell.
1808-74. Franklin F. Westcott.
1-19-51. Lucin« Q. C. Elmer.
1575. Potter & Nixon.
1452. James G. Hampton.3
1576-83. James B. Hongland.
1801-05. John T. Nixon.
CHAPTER LXXXIII.
COUNTY BUILDINGS.
Court-Houses .- The act erecting the county pro- vided that when it should be thought necessary by a majority of the chosen freeholders of the county, in conjunction with three justice- of the price of the county, one of whom should be of the quorum, to build a court-house and gaol, that then any three justice- of the peace, one of whom should be of the quorum, might meet together at Cohansey Bridge, with concurrence of a majority of said frechulders, and put up notices of an election to be held at John Butler's, in the town of Greenwich, and by a majority of votes to choose the place where the court-house and gaol should be built, and also authorized morey to be raised with which to build.
An election was held for that purpose, at which Cohansey Bridge wa- cho-en, the election being held
1-4 samna ) Ogden. 17-7-23. Mashell I.wing.
ETmirm.n.
1796. Dr. JJonathan Elmer. 1797. Samuel Ogden.
1 Chosen county collector i. fre expiration of the year.
: Choses Jan, Ir. Hoy, to fill vartury.
3 In 1852, the appointment of anleitor was dispensed with for the fntmje.
1
1:0. Tu tuas l'inich.
1501-2. Pavel More.
184. Jeremiah Brul.s.
1505-9. Ebenezer serley.
1610-12. Dr. Azel Pierson.
1851-67. Jonathan Elmer. 1-68. Joseph II. Ogileu.
1527-28. Dr. Ephraim Buck.
1:04-97. El Ebner.
Directors.
526
HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
probably between July 12th and 26th, as at the meet- ing of the justices and frecholders on the 12th no mention is made of the subject, the minute ending with, "There being no other business it was agreed this meeting adjourns," and at the next meeting, on the 26th, the election is referred to. No records of this election are known to exist, but evidently the contest for the county-seat must have been sharp and the result elose, with charges of illegal voting, as appears evident from the minute of the meeting on the 26th, which is as follows :
"July 26th. The Justices and all the I'recholdets meet except John Purple In obedience to an Advertisement Set up hy order of John Ogden, David Ogden, Eplataim Seely, and Joseph Peck. These four Justices Proposed to the other Justices of sand consuty, and Frecholders present To Ray-e Money for Bullling a Goal and Court-Hutise, hint the Major part of the Justices and Frechohlers present was not So bisfused as lo the Locallon of the place where the Sail Goal and Court-House Shall be Built. Thought proper to Setle the point First before they Cousent to Rayse money for that purpose, but in order To Selle the afare of the Election there was a Motion made for to Re-ammin the Voters by porging them by their Respective vathis and aformations, but the freholders of the Sontl, Sids of Cohansoy Refused to Comply with Said offer. There being uo Busines, to do This Meeting ndjurns."
Previous to the formation of the county this por- tion of Salem County was divided into two precincts, called the North and South Sides of Cohansey, that stream being the dividing line. The town of Green- wich was the most important place in the county, and it was natural that there should be a strong influence in favor of locating the county-seat there instead of at Cohansey Bridge, which at that time contained prob- ably not over a dozen houses. The feeling growing out of the election seems to have lasted for some time, as it was not until the meeting of May 9, 1750. that any steps were taken towards erceting buiklings at Cohansey Bridge, although the courts of the county, at the December term, 1748, ordered the clerk to make the writs retornable at Cohansey Bridge, where the next term, in February. 1749, and all subsequent ones have been held. At the May meeting, 1750, the first steps were taken towards erecting a court-house and jail. At a full meeting of the board it was agreed
" that there Shall be a deed drawed and Deliverd lo Hichard Wood aod Ebenezer Miller to peruse, and npon their aprobation Then they or more of the Justices are to Sutumions ye Magistrate'and freholdets to Procede non Bay-ing of money to Build a font-House and Goal."
stories high, to be of frame, " to begin in Mar 1752," and Elijah Bowen, David Ogden, John Bri .: and Ephraim Seeley were appointed manager- ". agree with workmen one or more to build the Cour. house By the Great [by the whole or otherwise, . they can Agree." Rates of taxes were fixed a- ?;. Jons : Young men, two shillings; men-servants, o :. shilling ; retailers of goods, ten shillings; mills, n . less than two shillings and sixpence, nor above fiv . shillings ; and male slaves, one -hilling. The ast- sors were ordered to meet at Cohansey Bridge to second Tuesday in August to settle the "eotaa-" (quotas) of each township, and to return their Jup". eates by first Tuesday in October. Taxes were then raised almost entirely from what were called certain ties,-that is, by fixed rates on specific persons and properties, and not by a percentage on their value, as !!! this day.
A contract was made with Howell Powell ( who wa- afterwards sheriff'), and the court-house was put up. in the spring and summer of 1752, and so far com pleted that the courts were held in it on Ang. 25, 1752. but was not entirely completed until the next year.
In May, 1752, £120 were ordered raised for this ul .. ject, and in May, 1753, $100 more. Mills were rate at G&. to 18s. ; shop-keepers 63. to 188; a young mah with a horse 48. 6d., without 2x. Gd. ; servants and slaves 18, "per head"; lands, "as by former act .i Assembly, at £5 per hundred," meaning " per Itre acres." By the county collector's accounts there w ... paid to Howell Powell the sum of £300, which wa- probably the amount of the contract. In February 1758, it was "ordered that the sum of seventeen -hil- lings and sixpence be paid to Ephraim Seely Est .. for Rum and Shagar at Alexander More." Mout. kept store at Cohansey Bridge, and the rum and -uga! Were probably used at the raising of the court-house. as the next year the board paid Ephraim Seeley " 6: ye Rasing Dinner and time to provide it, £2 17x. 92. The managers were each paid for their services 1:' This court-house did not long continne. After the tria! and hanging of Pickering for horse-stealing. court was held there on Dec. 6, 1758, and before Jan. -1, 1750, it took fire and was burned. A tavern wa- kep: in the house adjoining the court-house by Jol ... with the most of the effects therein. The fire -pres. to the court-house, and being of wood, and there lin: little or no means of putting out a fire, it was btn!' to the ground.
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