USA > New York > Cattaraugus County > History of Cattaraugus County, New York, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers > Part 101
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Persia post-office, near Allen's Switch, was established in 1863, with Elbridge Eddy postmaster. His successor was E. A. Nash. There is a daily mail by Erie Railroad.
GOWANDA.
This beautiful village is situated in the northwestern part of the town, on both sides of Cattaraugus Creek, and there- fore partly in Erie County. It was settled in 1816 by Turner Aldrich and other members of the Society of Friends, and, from the improvements the former made, was first known as Aldrich's Mills. In 1822 the place was called Lodi, and retained this name until 1848, when Gowanda was bestowed upon it as being more distinctive and appro- priate. It is said to be an Indian term, signifying the " beautiful place among the hills."
When the village began its existence as Lodi it had as residents, besides the Aldriches, Amasa L. Chaffee, who came in 1820, and built the first chimney of brick attached to a dwelling in that place, Dr. Sands N. Crumb, Alvin Bugbee, Enoch Paliner, and L. H. Pitcher. In a few years John W. Hanford, Daniel Wheeler, Christopher Scott, Wm. Wicks, Alfred Johnson, John Pierce, Joseph and James H. McMillan became citizens of the place on the Cattarau- gus side, and the Plumb family, among others, on the Erie side. James H. McMillan has remained in the place ever since, and is now the oldest settler. Amasa L. Chaffee
48
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HISTORY OF CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, NEW YORK.
remained identified with Gowanda until his death. He built the first cloth-dressing works, and was for many years a leading merchant.
Alvin Bugbee was also a merchant, and was the father of President Bugbee, of the Allegany College, at Mead- ville. About 1825, Phineas Spencer became a resident of Lodi, and continued one of its most active, enterprising citizens until his death, Sept. 30, 1839. Another of the early settlers of Perrysburg, Col. Benjamin Waterman, took a prominent part in the affairs of the village before 1830. At this time Lodi had a most promising future, having good stores, mills, factories, a printing-office, which was opened in 1829 by G. N. Starr, and all the adjuncts of a thriving village. Its prosperity was checked by several floods, which damaged property along the river, and by two destructive conflagrations. The first of these occurred April 30, 1856. The fire originated in a furnace on the Erie side, burned up a large woolen-factory near by, then spread to the Cattarau- gus side, burning the bridge across the creek and sixty-four buildings, large and small. Every business house in the place, except the Plumb Block, on the Erie side, was de- stroyed, and the village was truly made desolate. The work of rebuilding commenced at once, and in a few years the village regained its former position. In October, 1875, another fire destroyed a number of business houses in the heart of the village, on the Cattaraugus side, but did not materially retard its growth, which had been quickened a few months before by the completion of the Buffalo and Southwestern Railroad, which located a station at this point. Several substantial and handsome brick buildings have since been erected, greatly improving the appearance of the village, which now contains about 20 stores, half a dozen hotels, a bank, a newspaper, several churches, a very hand- some academy, and about 1600 inhabitants, of which 900 live on the Cattaraugus County side.
The village was incorporated on a petition to the court of Cattaraugus County, dated April 24, 1848, and signed by Seth Field, H. N. Hooker, A. Camp, D. N. Brown, James Locke, Alvin Bugbee, R. Plumb, S. G. Ellis, A. L. Chaffee, J. C. White, A. R. Sellers, Chester Howe, C. Bige- low, J. H. Plumb, E. W. Henry.
The court granted the prayer, and ordered an election to be held Aug. 1, 1848, at which Asahel Camp, Alvin Bug- bee, and William Van Vlechten were to preside as inspectors. Ninety-six votes were cast, of which seventy-five favored the incorporation of the village, with bounds containing 746 acres, situated on both sides of the creek. On the 23d of September, 1848, the first election for village officers was held, with the following result : Trustees, Seth Field, Jas. Locke, Daniel C. Amsden, Francis Peacock, Harlow Cran- dall; Assessors, Amasa L. Chaffee, Herman Palmer, Samuel Aiken ; Street Commissioners, James H. McMillan, Joseph J. Benton, George S. Hickox ; Clerk, Samuel C. Springer ; Collector, William H. Murphy; Treasurer, Elias W. Henry; Constable, Brazilla Coon.
James Locke was elected president of the board of trus- tees. The village government was conducted under this charter until 1878, when its provisions were disregarded and no election held. The officers elected March 21, 1877, were: Trustees, John S. Shugert, President ; Joseph M. Congdon,
John Kammerer, George Vosburgh, Jacob Gammel ; Clerk, Eugene M. Sawyer.
In July, 1878, the village again became incorporated ; this time under the general act relating to villages, with bounds extended to embrace the hamlet of Hidi and the territory beyond, making the present limits very much more comprehensive than the old ones. In this corpora- tion the first election was held Sept. 2, 1878, as follows : President, Silas Vinton ; Trustees, J. Brown, Byron F. Kimble, John Kammerer; Secretary, Wells Fuller ; Treas- urer, T. F. Kingsley.
STORES AND HOTELS.
On the Cattaraugus side of Gowanda, Phineas Spencer opened the first store, in a building which occupied the site of Hooker's Block. Here he was a successful tradesman until 1837. Other prominent merchants were Skinner & Day, Horace Moses, Titus Roberts, Amasa L. Chaffee, Jas. Locke, Alvin Bugbee, Samuel C. Springer, Ferris & Vos- burgh, Stephen L. Tucker, Leander Forbes, John B. Wil- bur, and Zimri Warner. Porter Welch was a prominent successful merchant until 1874, and did much to build up the place. His contemporary was H. N. Hooker, who has been in trade since 1840, and since 1845 on the site now occupied by his handsome block. This was erected in 1876, after the destruction of his old store, in October, 1875. It is a three-story brick, 60 by 60, with an iron and plate-glass front. The entire building is used for his business, each story forming a single room. In its design and arrange- ment it has no equal in the county.
Besides Mr. Hooker, there are, as merchants, C. M. Chaffee, W. H. Stuart & Son, Kimble & Taylor, Schaack & Son, John W. Potter, John Kammerer, N. B. Allen & Co., W. R. Smallwood, W. A. Fish, and others.
The first public-house at Gowanda was that kept by Col. Benjamin Waterman, on the Dailey place, after 1818. In 1825, Daniel McMillan, of Buffalo, erected a two-story frame house near the bridge, which was opened as a tavern by John W. Hanford. Other landlords here were Ira A. Tor- rey, Zimri Howe, John G. McGee, George W. White, and Michael H. Barker. From this time on it was known as the " Barker House ;" before, as the " Lodi House." After it was burned, in 1856, it was rebuilt by Barker, but was again destroyed by fire in 1875.
In the same neighborhood the " Mansion House" was built, about 1836, by Phineas Spencer, and was first kept by Zebedee A. Macomber. Other landlords were Bruce, Woodbury, Phinney, Harder, Blackney, etc. This was also burned in 1856, and the Union House erected there- after. This has been kept by Barker, Vinton, and Wie- gand.
Since 1873, J. S. Bartlett & Co. have transacted a gen- eral banking business in the village, the office being on Main Street.
The post-office was established, about 1820, as Aldrich's Mills. In 1822 the name was changed to Lodi, and Ben- jamin Waterman appointed postmaster. In consequence of the confliction with another Lodi in the State, the office was discontinued about 1827, and the place was dependent on the Collins office, at that time kept near the village.
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HISTORY OF CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, NEW YORK.
About 1830 an office was again established on the Catta- raugus County side, with the name of West Lodi, and Phineas Spencer postmaster. In 1833 it had a larger rev- enue than any other office in the county. After 1835 the name of the office was Persia, but since 1848 it has been known by the name of the village,-Gowanda. The suc- cession of postmasters since Phineas Spencer has been as follows : Amasa L. Chaffee, John Wilber, Wm. Woodbury, David N. Brown, Charles Henry, O. Bishop, George W. Hanford, Wm. H. Stuart, and Sarah Rice. It became a postal money order office, July 1, 1872.
The Gowanda Enterprise is at present published here. A history of the press of the village is elsewhere fully given. W. L. Fidler has in successful operation a book- bindery.
THE PROFESSIONS.
Dr. Sands N. Crumb located as a practicing physician in town before 1822. T. P. Whipple was one of his students and followed in practice; and about the same time Dr. Merritt was here located. Drs. Benjamin, Stephen B. Green, S. G. Ellis, and Seth Field were also early prac- titioners, and had among their successors Drs. John H. Shugert, yet in practice on the Erie side, Corydon C. Rugg, and George C. De Lameter. The present physicians are C. C. Johnson, Horace Babcock, and J. G. Rugg.
The first attorney was Albert G. Burke, who came in 1827. He was one of the most brilliant lawyers of Western New York. He died in 1836. Mark W. Fletcher came next, and Chester Howe soon after. The latter removed to Randolph. William Woodbury located here in 1845, and has practiced law at this place ever since. C. C. Torrance has also been here many years, and J. M. Congdon since 1875. In 1873, C. W. Blackney opened an office in the village, and became a rising lawyer. In 1875 he was brutally murdered by one Lewis Darby, who, it is said, was jealous of Blackney's success. Other attorneys have been Judge A. H. Hurd, Isaac Hull, F. A. Newell, and George B. Wood.
SECRET ORDERS.
Phoenix Lodge, No. 262, F. and A. M., was instituted under a dispensation, Dec. 8, 1851, and elected for its first officers Elias Hall, W. M .; Wm. S. Herrick, S. W .; David D. Parker, J. W .; James Locke, S. D .; Samuel Aikins, J. D .; and A. L. Chaffee, Sec. On the 16th of June, 1852, the lodge was duly chartered. It has always flourished, and at present has 114 members, and as principal officers, J. W. Dauber, W. M .; A. J. Peck, S. W .; J. Straub, J. W .; and B. L. Kimble, Sec.
Columbia Lodge, No. 345, Harugari .- This is a Ger- man social and beneficiary order. The lodge was instituted in April, 1874, with 30 charter members. The present number is 42, although the aggregate membership has reached 60. The principal officers are Jacob Gammel, Oberbarden ; Wm. Dauber, Unterbarden ; Joseph S. Her- tig, Sec. ; John Kammerer, Treas.
Gowanda Lodge, No. 46, A. O. U. W., was organized Dec. 22, 1876, with 24 charter members, and Wm. A. Fish, P. M. W .; Thomas Jackson, M. W .; J. H. Schaack,
G. F .; James M. Congdon, O .; N Schaack, F .; J. Kammerer, Rec. ; C. C. Johnson, R.
The members at present, October, 1878, number 45, and the lodge meetings are held in the Columbian Hall.
Gowunda Council, No. 109, Royal Templars of Tem- perance, was organized Oct. 12, 1877, with 9 members. The first officers were M. J. Brown, S. C. ; J. W. Potter, V. C .; J. Ritz, P. C .; J. W. Sanborn, Chap. ; J. G. Rugg, Treas. ; A. Brownell, Sec.
The council at present numbers 32 members.
EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS.
It is believed that Polly Redfield, a sister of Samuel R. Redfield, taught the first school in town, in the summer of 1817, in a log school-house in the neighborhood of Hidi. Soon after, Enoch Fry taught a winter-school at this place, and later Josiah Whitcomb was a teacher.
The school at Gowanda was originally in a district which was partly in Collins, Erie Co .; but in 1829 the district was divided, and in July of that year district No. 14, in Cattaraugus County, formed, embracing the northeast part of Perrysburg and the northwest part of Persia, as the towns are at present constituted. August 8, Benjamin Water- man, Solomon Dunham, and Phineas Spencer were elected Trustees ; Amasa L. Chaffee, Clerk ; and John Thatcher, Treasurer. The district being now organized, it was voted " to secure a site for a school-house within forty rods of Dr. Merritt's place."
A lot was purchased of Alvin Bugbee for $25, on which Asahel Camp and Stephen B. Green, as a committee, built a frame house 22 by 26 feet, for the low figure of $125. Solomon Dunham painted this house with Venetian red, trimmed the cornice with white, and made some plain benches. A large Franklin stove in the centre of the room completed the outfit. In the winter of 1829-30 the first school was here taught by Mr. Leland,-a term of five months at $13 per month,-the scholars numbering fifty- seven. The next term of three months was taught by Chester Howe, at $6 per month.
In 1844 the district again united with Collins, and formed joint district No. 1, the trustees then elected being Joseph Plumb, Chester Howe, and Edwin Farnsworth. The " pine lot" on the west side of the creek was purchased of E. W. Henry for school purposes, and a good frame house erected thereon in 1845. In this A. G. Love was the first teacher, and gave the school a reputation it has since enjoyed.
In 1862 the Legislature passed an act " placing the school under the Board of State Regents, and to entitle it to the benefits from such a connection." This relation was maintained until Dec. 6, 1866, when an organization was effected under the general act of May 2, 1864, as " The Gowanda Union Free School and Academy."
The first board of education was composed of David N. Brown, Joseph H. Plumb, Nicholas Schaack, F. A. Newell, Herman Kelley, A. W. Popple, W. H. Stuart, C. C. Tor- rance, and L. S. Jenks. David N. Brown was chosen president, and William H. Stuart secretary. Dr. Holcomb was engaged as the principal, and the academic department was formally opened December, 1866.
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HISTORY OF CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, NEW YORK.
On the 9th of August, 1874, the school building was destroyed by fire, and for several years the sessions of the school were held in a room in the Welch Block ; but on the 26th of October, 1875, a meeting was held, which was well attended, when it was voted unanimously to erect an appropriate building on the old site, at a cost of $1500. The contract was awarded to Silas Vinton, who most faith- fully performed his part of the work, erecting an edifice which, in its general arrangement and perfection of details, is highly creditable to the place, and has no equal in the county. It is an imposing brick structure, two full stories high and basement, with well-proportioned wings and a vestibule, surmounted by a very handsome tower. The building is so arranged as to combine safety as well as elegance in its construction, and is furnished with the most approved apparatus and furniture. It was first occu- pied for school purposes the winter term of 1877.
Gowanda Academy is at present in charge of Fred Dick, A.M., principal, assisted by five teachers of experi- ence. The school has four departments, whose aggregate attendance is 250, and whose courses of study compare favorably with those of similar institutions.
The board of education is at present composed of C. C. Johnson, President; F. C. Vinton, Secretary ; J. W. Potter, Treasurer ; I. A. Wells, W. R. Smith, H. F. Allen, J. Kam- merer, J. M. Congdon, L. Forbush, M. J. Brown.
THE LODI LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
was formed as a legal body June 18, 1827, with Trustees Norton Davison, Howell M. Parker, Solon Spencer, J. Hill, Ira C. Titus, Constant B. Allen, and Solomon Dunham. We have been unable to learn what was accomplished by this body, but believe that it never established a library.
The town has 6 school districts, containing 6 school- houses, valued, with sites, at $18,645; having 190 volumes in library, valued at $220; 9 teachers are employed, to whom is paid $2804.24. The number of weeks taught is 183; number of children of school age is 363; average daily attendance, 181 Amount of public money received from State, $1009.04; amount of money received from tax, $5884.85. These statistics are for the year ending Sept. 30, 1878.
RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES.
The Free-Will Baptists were the first to hold religious meetings in town, in 1816, the services being conducted by Elder Elnathan Finch. No permanent organization was effected, and the membership was soon absorbed by churches in adjoining towns.
In 1832 the "Seventh-Day Baptists" formed a society in the central part of the town, which had as members Hosea Whitford and wife, Oliver Babcock and wife, Silas Burdick and wife, Elbridge Eddy and wife, and Hosea Brown. The meetings were first held in the school-house in District No. 4, but soon after a log meeting-house was bnilt near by which was used until the society, owing to removals, was disbanded 8 or 10 years after. Elders Walter B. Gillett, Nathan Hull, and others, are remembered as preachers here.
THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT GOWANDA
was incorporated, according to the laws relating to religious societies, Sept. 28, 1831. The trustees chosen were John Griffith, Francis B. Parker, Stevenson Woods, Abram Storms, Jr., John Vosburgh, Franklin Day, Zimri Howe, Stephen B. Green, and Alvin Bugbee.
The organization of a small class of Methodists ante- dated this period six or eight years, and preaching was held at stated times by Solomon Judd and others. About 1835 a church edifice was erected, which in a repaired condition is still used by the society. At present it is a neat and comfortable place of worship, with sittings for 300 persons. The society also owns a parsonage in the village, and the total property is reported worth $3500. The trustees are E. Daily, S. Vinton, W. Woodbury, A. A. Kellogg, L. Waterhouse, E. Taylor, H. J. Brown, A. Grantier, and J. G. Rugg.
The church has 75 members, under the spiritual care of the Rev. J. W. Sanborn. Other pastors, in order to the present time, were Revs. Gustavus Hines, Horatio Seaver, Alpha Wright, Porter Mckinstry, John Kent, Amos Worcester, James Witted, John Bowman, James McClel- land, E. E. Chambers, John Kennard, Daniel Fields, Alonzo Newton, Charles Strong, - Baker, - Moran, C. D. Brooks, Milton Rice, J. J. Roberts, W. H. Rogers, C. D. Burlingham, H. Peck, W. D. Buck, and E. A. Rice.
A good Sunday-school of 80 members, having M. J. Brown as superintendent, is maintained by the church.
THE GOWANDA FREE METHODIST CHURCH.
This body was formed, in 1865, of a number of persons who had withdrawn from the Methodist Episcopal Church and others, who held their first meetings in private houses. On the 18th of April a board of trustees was chosen, com- posed of Titus Roberts, Samuel C. Springer, Wm. T. Small- wood, Perry H. Wilcox, and Daniel A. Dye. Under their direction, a plain but substantial frame meeting-house, 36 by 65 feet, having 400 sittings, was erected, which was dedicated in November, 1865, by the Rev. B. T. Roberts, for the use of the church. A parsonage was also provided, and the combined value is estimated at $3000.
The church has at present 36 members, and has main- tained a Sabbath-school since its organization. The first superintendent was S. C. Springer; the present is Perry H. Wilcox, and there are 35 members.
The pastors of the church, in the order of their connec- tion, have been the Revs. Reddy, Hudson, Jackson, Sin- clair, Jones, Freeland, Moore, McAlpine, White, Monroe, Hawkins, and Mathewson.
THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF GOWANDA.
Although this church edifice is on the Erie County side of the village, much of its early history is so intimately blended with the religious interests of Persia that we may appropriately note it here.
Public worship, according to the forms of the Presbyte- rian Church, was first set up by Joseph Plumb and a few others, in 1827. A Sunday-school was started by Plumb the same year, which has been continued ever since. In April, 1828, the church was organized with 13 male
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HISTORY OF CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, NEW YORK.
members, and in the fall of that year was received under the care of the Presbytery of Buffalo.
April 8, 1828, " The Presbyterian Society of Lodi" was formed, and Wm. R. Pierson, Phineas Spencer, Lewis B. Edwards, Albert G. Burke, and Joseph Plumb chosen trustees. In 1835 the first meeting-house was erected, which was used until its destruction by fire, Feb. 13, 1842. Another frame house, 40 by 52 feet, was soon after begun on the same foundation, but was not completed until 1846. This is still the place of worship of the society.
The membership increased slowly, numbering but 16 in 1830, but an extensive revival ensued, and, in 1837, 150 members were reported. This season of prosperity was fol- lowed by one of abated interest, diminishing the member- ship, which has not since been so large.
Among the early clergy of the church were, in 1829, the Rev. Erastus J. Gillett; 1833, Rev. T. S. Harris ; 1833-39, Rev. John B. Preston ; 1839-42, Rev. Sylvester Cowles; and after that period, for a number of years, the Rev. L. A. Skinner.
IRA W. ACKLEY.
NEW ALBION.
TOWNSHIP 4, range 8, of the Holland Land Company's Survey, has been known as New Albion since its erection from Little Valley, Feb. 23, 1830. It received its name from Albion, in Orleans County, the former home of some of the settlers of the town. The area embraced in the present bounds is 22,988 acres of hilly upland and small valleys along the water-courses. The latter were formerly heavily timbered with hemlock and the common hard woods, and were the last settled. Through the centre of the town northward extends a plateau, upon which were fine groves of maple and beech. About one-third of the town is yet. covered with timber.
The town is well watered in the southwest and the west by tributaries of Connewango Creek ; in the east and the north by small streams flowing into Cattaraugus Creek, which makes a bend into the town in its course westward ; and by a number of springs, furnishing excellent water. Good natural drainage is afforded by the channels of these
streams, and by the many vales leading towards the Catta- raugus and the Connewango.
The soil on the uplands is a clayey loam, becoming more or less mixed with gravel towards the valleys, where it is mostly a sandy or a gravelly loam. The soil throughout is considered fertile, and is especially favorable for the produc- tion of grass; and dairying forms the chief interest of the inhabitants.
EARLY LAND-OWNERS AND SETTLERS.
The books of the Holland Land Company, in 1816, in- dicated six land-owners in the present town. In 1823, land was owned on lot 1 by Benjamin Chamberlain ; on lot 9, by James Goddard and Jeremiah Maybee ; on lot 10, by Jona- than Kinnicutt; on lot 18, by David Hill and John A. Kinnicutt ; on lot 19, by James Reynolds ; on lot 33, by Robert Guy ; and on lot 62, by John Kendall.
In 1838 the owners of improved property were
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HISTORY OF CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Acres.
Lot.
Acres.
Lot.
Henry Adams.
30
45
Nelson Lamb
18
6
John Ackley
12
15
James Lines
2
38
Gideon Aldrich
3
63
Chauncy Merchant .. 8
57
David Allen
3
64
Charles Mackey.
6
44
Asahel Allen.
8
30
David Mackey
6
36
Warren Barnard
13
55
John Mosher 35
61
James Barnard 15
36
James Maybee 6
9
Collin Bates
41
Reuben Mosher 12
64
Stephen Bemis
6
41
Stephen Mosher. 20
64
James Bailey
43
Oliver Miller 20
54
Jashub Buffington.
6
Robert McDuffie. 20
8
Jeremiah Buffington ..
6
Matthew Nealy 10
29
William Buffington.
6
John D. Nealy.
4
Adonijah Burrell 35
10
Homer I. Norton. 4
13
John Boorman.
8
13
Alfred Olmstead.
3
Henry Caldwell
4
45
Doras Payne. 10
53
Daniel Coates
53
Harrison Payne.
Robert Champlin.
33
Wm. D. Cornell
12
Brownell Cornell
3
21
Daniel H. Powell 3
37
Elisha Drew
27
Linus Parmalee ... 2
23
David Day
10
William Presley. 15
48
Eli Day
19 Joseph F. Ross 12
57
Hudson Day
10
Abel Rugg.
5
18
Thomas Richardson .. 41
9
Jonathan Ransom 13
19
Zalmon Rich. 5
John Drew 15
20
Calvin Rich 25
48
Nicholas Everts 10
60
Herman Rich 9
John F. Easton
15
64
Arad Rich
17
Isaac Frear
4 37
Nicholas Smith.
4
15 43
58
Timothy P. Guy.
33
Alvah S. Smith. 5
58
Samuel Green.
10
Lester Smith 6
Joseph Gowen. 5
4
Jacob Smith 20
Timothy Gowen. 30
Charles Sibley. 15
William R. Gibbs.
5
40
Cornelius Straight 6
41
Augustus Snyder 15
47
9
49
55
Ezekiel Huntley 12
49
David Hilbrant 6
30
Benjamin Horth 10
27
John W. Town
6
Alexander Horth 13
26
Sebastian Tingue 20
27
Erastus Horth. 22
35
William Tingue
5
Peter Horth
3
34
William Travis
6
John S. Harvey.
80
7
Leicester Tracy. 10
4
Ezra Tubbs.
15
Noah Higbee. 10
46
Josiah Whitcomb.
1
Sanford Higbce 17
46
Eber Wright.
7
Calvin Hartwell 7
46
James Worden
3
26
Jonathan Jewell 18
53
Thomas J. Waters
20
53
Melzer Jones.
15
5
1
John Jones ..
2
23
John Woodworth
18
John A. Kinnioutt 15
42
Solomon G. Wright ...
1
Benjamin Kelly 7
58
Thomas J. Williams ..
1
Horace Kenyon. 16
59
William Wait.
8
54
Stephen Kendall 12
62 Abraham Wait 10
54
Silas Kellogg
1
63
Horace C. Young.
35
41
Joseph Luce. 8
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