USA > New York > Cattaraugus County > History of Cattaraugus County, New York, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers > Part 54
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About 1840, D. S. Van Rensselaer became a merchant in his own name, and a few years thereafter associated with him Marvin Scudder ; and about the same time L. & B. Giles opened a store in a building near Dry Brook, intending to make that locality the centre of trade, but without suc- cess. Another brother, William Giles, opened a drug-store in the village at an early day, which is now continued by L. Rundell.
In 1843, A. G. Dow and James Nutting engaged in trade in the Weeden block, and in 1847, A. G. Dow opened the first hardware store in the village, on Jamestown Street. He remained in trade until 1863, when his son, Warren, succeeded him. In 1867 the store was destroyed by fire. This branch of trade is now carried on by H. C. Rich, es- tablished in 1872, and C. H. Cotrael, established in 1876. The former also carries on a furniture trade, established in 1871 by C. C. Sheldon. C. H. Latham was in the cabinet and furniture business from 1846 to 1873.
In 1846, F. F. Mighells opened a general stock of mer- chandise in the Griggs' building, continuing in trade a num- ber of years; and about 1850, Wm. H. Camp established a business, to which Charles P. Adams succeeded in 1858. In a few years T. E. Adams became a partner, and after- wards the firm became Adams & Hapgood. T. E. Adams is yet in trade.
In 1865, E. S. & C. P. Ingersoll began a successful trade in dry-goods, which, since 1868, has been continued by the former. In 1870 he united with J. H. Chaffee, N. Christie, and S. W. Thompson in erecting the Park block, a very fine three-story structure, the lower story of which contains Ingersoll's and Cotrael's stores.
Harvey's Hall was erected in 1872 by A. B. Harvey. It is a brick block 32 by 100 feet, and is well heated and ventilated. It will seat 650 persons.
In 1850, Austin Woodruff began a grocery trade, which he continued about ten years; and about the same time Knapp & Carter engaged in the same trade, being suc- ceeded by J. C. Knapp & Son, and afterwards by Knapp,
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Cook & Knapp. John Shean & Co., J. M. Smith & Co., and J. Rathbone are the present grocers. In addition to the foregoing firms, at present engaged in trade, are C. C. Van Deusen, C. Latham, O. Taylor, George N. Shedd, S. Cudney, E. McManus, and George W. Fenton.
Benjamin Clark opened the first public-house near Dry Brook about 1825. In the fall of 1830, Joel Scudder moved in and kept the house until about 1838. It was soon afterwards abandoned as a tavern, but the building still stands, and is the second oldest frame in the town.
A part of the present " Buzzell House" originally stood on the site of the Park block, and about 1832 Marvin Scudder lived in it as a tavern-keeper. A few years later it was moved to its present location, and better adapted for tavern purposes by Hartwell Bent, an early keeper. It has since been enlarged, and has been kept by Aaron Pingrey, M. R. Pingrey, H. Tyrrell, Horace Fox, William H. Camp, and since 1872 by L. Buzzell.
On the west side of the square Marvin Scudder opened a public-house about 1835, in a building which is now used for shops and other purposes. The landlords, besides the foregoing, were Horace King, Charles D. Foote, George Sheldon, and others. In 1840 it was called the " National Hotel," and in 1846 the " Union House."
On the east side of the creek A. G. Bush erected a large building for hotel purposes about 1840, and was the keeper of it several years. Other landlords have been William K. Miller and Byron Helmes. It is now called the " Brooklyn House," and is kept by C. Helmes.
The present " Randolph House" was built by Alonzo A. Miller, and has been conducted by him, Edward Babbitt, John Shean, and at present by Byron Helmes.
Near the " Chamberlain Institute," Fred. Sample had a tavern after 1831, which was a favorite place for travelers passing on this highway, and was always filled to the extent of its capacity.
The Randolph post-office was established about 1830, and had Abraham G. Bush as the first postmaster. In 1844, Charles D. Foote was appointed. The subsequent ap- pointees have been in the order named : M. H. Johnson, T. S. Sheldon, Enfield Leach, Addison Crowley, H. K. Van Rensselaer, William Giles, Frank C. Jones, E. O. Knight, Albert Marsh, and Mrs. J. C. Owens.
The office was designated a postal money-order office, Oct. 1, 1867. It has three mails per day by railroad, one from Little Valley by stage, and three mails per week from Leon and Connewango.
A. G. Dow & Son's banking office was established in February, 1860, by A. G. Dow, and has been in charge of the present firm since 1875. A regular banking business is transacted in a one-story brick building, erected for this purpose in 1866. Charles M. Dow is the junior partner.
THE STATE BANK OF RANDOLPH
was organized under the general banking laws of 1838, and the amendatory acts thereof, to commence business July 1, 1874, and to continue one hundred years. The stock - holders were Charles P. Adams, Nelson Saunders, R. R. Crowley, Alexander Wentworth, Thomas J. Wheeler, Ad- dison Crowley, Melvin A. Crowley, J. C. Hurd, Anna E.
Lee, Robert Carson, William H. Henderson, Asahel Crow- ley, Emma F. Crowley, and A. S. Kellogg. The capital stock was fixed at $65,000, in 650 shares at $100 each, with privilege to increase the stock to $100,000. On the 1st of January, 1877, the capital stock was increased to this amount, and has since been maintained at $100,000.
The first officers were Thomas J. Wheeler, President ; Addison Crowley, Vice-President; and Charles P. Adams, Cashier. With the exception of the president, these are the present officers. The president is William H. Henderson.
The bank building was erected in the summer of 1874 by the association, expressly for the use of the bank, and was occupied in November of that year. It is a two-story brick block, 23 by 60 feet, containing fire-proof vaults and safes, and cost, to build and furnish, about $10,000. The bank is in a prosperous condition, and proves a great con- venience to the people of western Cattaraugus County.
The first physician located at Randolph was Dr. Oliver Guernsey, from Vermont, who came in 1831, and remained in practice several years. Dr. K. V. R. Lansingh came, in 1834, from Albany, and practiced until 1845, when he re- turned to his old home. In 1835, Dr. Luther P. Cowles settled here, followed his profession a few years, and then re- moved to Ripley. From 1841, for many years following, Dr. William Giles was in the place as a physician, though not always in active practice. In 1845, Dr. A. H. Davis, an eclectic, came to Randolph, and remained about three years. Dr. Isaac Hill came about the same period, and remained until his death, about 1860. About 1850, Dr. A. P. Jones located in the village, and is still a practitioner. A year or so before, Dr. E. G. Cook, a homoeopathist, located for a two years' practice in the place; and after he had left, Dr. D. S. Van Rensselaer commenced the practice of medicine according to the homoeopathic school, and continued until he was enfeebled by age. He is yet a resident of the vil- lage, at the age of eighty-one years. In 1872, Dr. Henry Neville and his wife commenced a homoeopathic practice, which after a few years has been continued by Drs. O. S. Martin and A. A. Whipple. In the regular school, Dr. Nelson Saunders has for many years been a prominent physician, having come to this place from East Randolph.
In 1843 Dr. F. Larkin engaged in the practice of den- tistry; in 1853, T. A. C. Everett; and in 1855, H. Morgan. From 1871 to 1877, J. Danforth, from Jamestown, followed this profession at Randolph.
The pioneer attorney of the village is Joseph E. Weeden, who was admitted to practice in New York City in 1836, and located here the same year. With the exception of one term's service in the Legislature, in 1847, he has been in practice ever since. Other members of the legal profes- sion now residing in the village are: Wm. H. Henderson; Alexander Wentworth, since 1859; James G. Johnson, since 1860; Rodney R. Crowley, since 1861; Elias L. Matteson, since 1867; Benjamin F. Congdon, since 1872; William Armstrong, since 1877; and Daniel A. Sackrider, since 1878. The following were in practice, and attained an eminent position in the profession : Robert Owen, who died in the village ; Alexander Sheldon and Porter Sheldon, who removed to Jamestown ; Alson E. Leavenworth, who removed to Chicago in 1867 ; and Chester Howe, deceased.
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The Randolph Register, a lively local paper, is issued weekly at Randolph. A full history of the press appears elsewhere. The churches and societies are also noted under appropriate headings in the following pages.
EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS.
It was said that the first school in town was taught by Sally Morton, in 1822, near the present village of Randolph. Other schools were taught soon after in the western part of the town. At the first town-meeting, in 1826, double the amount of money received from the State was voted for the support of schools. In 1827 two districts were formed, No. 1 in the cast part of the town, and extending west to a line drawn nearly through the middle of the lots from 33 to 40. District No. 2 took in nearly the remainder of the town, some of the lots along the west line belonging to districts in Chautauqua County. In 1829, District No. 4 was formed to embrace all of Township No. 1,-the west half of the present town of South Valley.
Randolph has at present 9 districts and as many school buildings, valued at $13,795. Twelve schools were taught a total of 261 weeks in 1878, at a cost of $2598.56 for teachers' wages; the sundry expenses were about $600 more. The total enrollment of children of school age was 658, and the average attendance 295.
At the village of Randolph was, in early times, a school- house painted red, where Asahel and Addison Crowley each taught schools. The present school building was erected in 1869. It is a substantial structure of brick, 2 stories high, containing 4 rooms, and a well-proportioned tower and vestibule. Four teachers are employed in teach- ing the 273 pupils attending daily. The expenses of this district are about $1700 per year.
In 1837 a select school was taught at Randolph, in the old Methodist meeting-house, by Damon Coates, which bore an excellent reputation in the village and surrounding towns, and was well patronized. Calvin Kingsley, after- wards a bishop in the Methodist Church, continued the school after Mr. Coates had left. In 1841, John Fosdick was the teacher, and was assisted by Samuel Ewing, Jr., at present a citizen of the village. Other principals followed for short periods, among the number being Margaret Van Rensselaer and Mary Broadhead; but a short time before the Randolph Academy was established the school was discontinued.
THE ECLECTIC MEDICAL COLLEGE OF RANDOLPH.
In the summer of 1848 the project of establishing a medical school at Randolph was so strongly urged by Drs. A. H. Davis, B. S. Heath, and F. Larkin, that the citizens gave it favorable consideration, and promised material ยท encouragement if the attempt were made. Accordingly, in the fall of that year, the above institution was opened in the Sheldon block, with a regularly organized board of trustees and a full faculty of instructors. T. S. Sheldon was the president of the former; and other members were J. E. Weeden, F. Larkin, and Samuel Ewing; additional members lived abroad.
The faculty was composed of J. R. Bush, M.D., Professor of Anatomy ; C. J. Kenworthy, M.D., Professor of the
Principles and Practice of Surgery ; S. H. Potter, M.D., Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine and Path- ology ; B. S. Heath, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children; F. Larkin, M.D., Pro- fessor of Physiology ; A. H. Davis, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy ; J. E. Weeden, Professor of Medical Jurisprudence.
The first term was attended by about 40 students, and the college was very prosperous, when a local feeling, arising from a misconception of the purposes of the school, caused it to be removed to Syracuse, where it was successfully con- tinued for several years. It was afterwards moved to New York City, and merged with the Eclectic College there.
CHAMBERLAIN INSTITUTE .*
Could the history of the academies in this State be truly written it would form a very valuable record. How far they have shaped public opinion, elevated personal charac- ter, and advanced all the best interests of the commonwealth is little understood by the casual observer, and cannot be fully realized until we carefully consider the work in which they have been engaged. They sprang from the necessities of an intelligent, liberty-loving people, who had themselves early felt the value and shared in the benefits of higher learning, and who desired to extend the same blessings to others. " Educate" has been the motto of most eminent rulers. Educate, said Pericles, the Prince of Athenian statesmen ; educate, said Justinian, the law-giver of Rome ; educate, said Charlemagne, the founder of the Western Empire; educate, said Alfred of England, as he established his university ; and educate all, said the Republican rulers, who came here to create a State possessing all the virtues of those in the Old World, and, if possible, free from their vices. In a few years Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and other colleges, quietly but effectively, like the forces of animate nature, were scattering the germ truths which, anon, should yield a bountiful harvest.
It is undoubtedly true that many of the most earnest friends of learning have been those who greatly felt the need of it themselves; yet, it is also true that our schools have usually sprung up under the fostering care of a few minds that have tasted the sweets of knowledge; and fre- quently, perhaps, one guiding, liberally-educated man has given direction and inspiration to the whole enterprise. Many of our academies from the first enjoyed the advan- tage of having principals possessed of a collegiate training. Thus the academy borrowed strength from the college, just as afterwards the common schools, by receiving teachers from them, were nourished by the academies. The higher schools have been the fountains whence have flowed down the streams which fertilized the valleys and filled the lakes below ; while they, in turn, have sent back their showers to make the supply perpetual. Education more frequently works downward than upward : from the college to the common school, rather than from the latter to the former.
The southwest corner of this State was settled somewhat late. The settlers were largely from the centre of this State, and from the States of New England. Vermont,
* By the principal, Rev. J. F. Edwards, D.D.
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especially, was well represented, the town being named after a place in that State. Here, between two villages, while the country was yet covered with a magnificent growth of timber, on the crest of a beautiful hill, on which, however, the large black stumps were still conspicuously standing, the intelligent and enterprising farmers and villagers erected a large building and started a school of high grade, to the end, as they declared in their first catalogue, that it might " render untold benefits to the youth of our land." The building was 44 by 80 feet, three stories high, and cost $5000.
The architect and builder was Mr. Joseph Ditto, who was a Christian gentleman, and executed his task so well that the old inhabitants have never ceased to speak well of him. The efficient secretary of the trustees, Thaddeus Sheldon, and the treasurer, Addison Crowley, together with Asahel Crowley, his brother and business partner, were indefatigable in their efforts to complete the work.
The enterprise was inaugurated on the 4th of July, 1849, by calling together, on Academy Hill, the people of all the neighboring country. A most enthusiastic response was given to the call. Large numbers were present ; speeches were made; an ample repast was spread for all in the grove ; plans were discussed, money was subscribed, and the best of feeling prevailed. This was a Fourth of July celebration that did more by far than fill the air with idle boastings. It adopted the sure way to perpetuate what their fathers by their valor had won.
Randolph Academy and Female Seminary, which is the name upon the early catalogues, opened in August, 1850, but was not chartered until the January following. The trustees under the act of incorporation were Hon. Benjamin Chamberlain, President; T. S. Sheldon, Secretary ; Addison Crowley, Treasurer; and Rufus Crowley, J. E. Weeden, A. G. Dow, Samuel Ewing, David Benson, Wm. K. Miller, Spencer Scudder, Samuel Barrows, and Merrick Nutting. Eight of this number have died, and four remain to note the admirable results which still flow from the enterprise which they then inaugurated. Prof. Samuel G. Love was the first principal, and he at once opened with a flourishing school, showing how great a necessity for it already existed. The fall term numbered 184 students. There was not at this time, nor for several years, any other chartered semi- nary in the county. A glance at the first catalogue gives us a fair idea of what the institution has been doing ever since that time. I count the names of 6 lawyers, as many ministers, 3 doctors, several teachers, 2 prominent civil engineers, bankers, merchants, and those of useful men and women in many other walks in life.
At this time the land of the academy (about 7 acres), building, apparatus, library, and other appliances were owned by an association, the members of which had pur- chased the " shares," which were $25 each. The records do not show that any dividends were ever declared, yet we venture to say that few investments ever made a com- munity better returns. Money was scarce here then, but the people could not afford to let their children grow up in ignorance. The following is a list of the original stock- holders of the Randolph Academy, with the number of shares owned by each :
Altenbergh, E
1
Harvey, S
Allen, Samuel
2
Johnson, M. H
Aldrich, F
1
Jeffords, F
Barrows, S
2
Jenkins, E
1
Bush, A. G.
2 Jones, M. W
1
Bush, Geo. A
2 Knight, D
1
Benson, David
2
King, H
1
Boom, Wm
1 Larkin, F
1
Boardman, N. F
1
Leach, Enfield.
1
Butler, Hiram.
1
Litchfield, O.
1
Brown, Norman
1 Latham, O. H.
1
Barton, Leonard
1 Lyman, A.
1
Benoit, X
1 McNiel, E.
2
Booth, Alden
1 McAllister & Nutting.
1
Cox, George ..
1
Marsh, M.
2
Champlain, Wm. M.
1
Marsh, P
1
Crowley, A
8
Marsh, H.
1
Congdon, B.
1 Mighells, F. F.
2
Champlain, Jesse.
1 Myers, G.
1
Camp, Wm. H.
1 Machrus, S. A
1
Chamberlain, Benj.
14
Morrill, M.
1
Culver, Lyman.
1
Merrill, J. N
1
Cottrael, N
1
Merchant, A
1
Caswell, S.
1
Nutting, M
3
Cook, E. R
1
Nutting, V. R
1
Chesbrough, J
Nutting, James
2
Dow, Isaac.
Nutting, E. M.
1
Dow, A. G.
5 Northrop, J. B.
1
Draper, E
1 Nichols, D.
1
Doolittle & Leach
Nichols, Solomon.
1
Doolittle, Joseph
2
Prescott, E
1
Devereaux, N
1
Price, E. C.
1
Davis, A. H.
1
Price, Samuel
1
Darling, J. W
1
Ried, B. F.
1
Ewing, Samuel
1 Ried, William
1
Ewing, R. F. & S
1 Ralston, John
1
Fosdick, J. T.
1 Sheldon, T. S
10
Fisher, Simeon.
Sears, R
4
Flagg, Elzi
Scudder, F.
1
Fitch, C. L
1 Scudder, B.
1
Frary, John, Jr
1 Scudder, S.
2
Fuller, H.
1
Spaulding, R.
1
Fenton, G. W., Jr.
Sawtell, H. H.
1
Fox, Franklin
1 Sample, S.
2
Gillson, G. C.
1 Sample, John
2
Guernsey, Oliver
2 Stewart, J
1
Glover, H. W.
1 Sadler, S.
1
Green, S. C
1
Sheldon, G. A
1
Green, S. A
Thorp, L. P.
2
Giles, Lyman
Treat, F ..
1
Hitchcock, 0
1 Torrance, F ..
1
Hill, J. W.
1
Van Vlaek, M.
2
Huntington, D
1
Van Campen, G. & B
2
Hall, Amos.
1
Woodford, N. S
1
Hall, Erastus.
1
Woodford, A
2
Hall, Horace
2
Wentworth, A
1
Holdridge, E
1 Woodworth
4
Hovey, Z. M.
1 Wheeler, H. N.
1
Hovey, A. J
1 Wheeler, R. B
1
Helmes, B
2 Worden, M. L
2
Helmes, M.
1 Wilcox, S. S.
1
Helmes, Albert
1 Wilcox, L. B
1
Hawley, A
2 Washburne, H
1
Hawley, J. D
2 Wheat, J. D
1
Harmon, E.
2 Weeden, J. E.
4
Holt, H. H.
2 Young, Horace C.
1
The Regents of the University immediately (in 1851) appointed the academy one of the institutions to give instruc- tion to teachers' classes, and it has since continued to do so. During that period of twenty-eight years, there have gone from the school, annually, an average number of 25 teachers for the common schools. This would make an aggregate of 700. The whole aggregate attendance of students has been, yearly, about 450, which would give a total aggregate of 12,600. Of course this would not be the number of different persons present, as some of them attended . more than one year. A distinguished lecturer once remarked in our hearing that he was always sure of an intelligent au- dience in the neighborhood of an academy. Certainly, no one could visit this community without discovering a refine- ment and cultivation which have been fostered by this school. There is scarcely a family that has not cherished traditions of incidents which occurred when some of its members were connected with the " old academy."
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In 1863 an L was erected, 40 by 66 feet, and two stories high. The lower part was divided into students' rooms for self-boarding, and the upper portion was fitted for a chapel. It is delightful to hear the students of that day describe the satisfaction which they felt in the completion of this building. The cost was $2000. The Association paid the bills, but the seholars " raised" all the timber, after which the lady students prepared for them a supper in their best style. And now an aged trustee who had been from the first connected with the academy, and had marked its usefulness, began to devise liberal things in its behalf. Benjamin Chamberlain, who had, in the toil- some business of a lumberman and lumber merchant, accu- mulated a large fortune, resolved to enlarge its capabilities and secure, beyond peradventure, by a large endowment, the perpetuity of the institution. This remarkable man was born in Mount Vernon, Me., July 31, 1791, and died in Ellicottville, Feb. 10, 1868. He was possessed of a tall, commanding form, rugged common sense, ready wit, and indomitable energy. Many are the anecdotes told of him, which illustrate his fertility of resource, abounding humor, and vigorous understanding.
Like most marked men of strong wills, he was not with- out grave faults of character ; but his constant efforts in be- half of education, and his generous provision to secure its benefits to the youth of our land, his love for the church of his choice, and frequent gifts to religious and benevolent enterprises show him to have been a man of broad views and profound sympathies. Having, during his life, given nearly $100,000 to this institution and Allegany College, he bequeathed to them by will $400,000 more; thus pur- posing to give to education almost $500,000; and by such liberality has placed his name with those of Peabody, Rich, Vassar, Hopkins, Cornell, and the noble few who, by kindred munificence, have endeavored to pay their share of " the debt which the present owes to future generations." Two stat- utes which are still in force in this State, and one of which, at least, is most absurd and injurious in its results, prevented the full enforcement of the will. The first is, in brief, that no man can bequeath more than one-half of his property to any benevolent object, and the second, that no academy can hold property the net annual income of which shall ex- ceed $4000. The latter of these provisions is certainly pre- posterous, and should be repealed. In 1869 the trustees of the institute procured an amendment of charter which permits them to hold property the annual income of which may be $10,000. The citizens of the place having added 30 acres to the grounds of the academy, at a cost of $6000, Judge Chamberlain erected thereon a beautiful boarding- hall at a cost of $50,000. Of the endowment $45,000 were finally secured by this school. The association and people, in grateful recognition of Judge Chamberlain's be- neficence, petitioned the Legislature that the name of Ran- dolph Academy, though now endeared to them by many pleasant memories, might be altered to Chamberlain Insti- tute, and such change was at that time made. The same act gave the Erie Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church power to appoint the board of trustees.
Just here the truth of history demands that honorable mention should be made of Rev. A. S. Dobbs, D.D., who
was providentially stationed at Randolph about this time. He it was who brought the most direct and powerful in- fluence to bear upon the mind of Mr. Chamberlain, con- versed with him of plans, stimulated the spirit of benevo- lence, and gave directions to his purposes.
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