USA > New York > Cattaraugus County > History of Cattaraugus County, New York, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers > Part 20
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1855.
No
Value.
Stone dwellings.
5
$3,600
Brick
9
8,100
Frame
4942
1,779,019
Log
1252
29,459
Other
=
1270
116,952
Total
7515
$1,937,130
Farms :
Acres improved
266,431
unimproved
432,620
Cash value of farms 66 " stock
$1,972,598
"
" tools and implements.
$439,162
Acres plowed (1854)
58,448
"
in pasture "
109,719
" meadow
75,208
Tons hay.
62,546
Bushels grass-seed
1,812
1865.
No.
Value.
Stone houses
6
$7,000
Brick
=
10
16,900
Frame
6221
2,415,447
Log
556
12,539
Other dwellings
1892
308,018
Total.
8685
$2,759,904
141 of these were unoccupied.
Farms :
Acres improved.
323,749 386,172
" unimproved.
$14,247,927
Cash value of farins. "
stock
$2,683,220
"
tools and implements.
$558,302
Acres plowed (1864). (1865)
43,623
66
in pasture (1864).
156,908
(1865)
163,640
meadow (1864).
103,207
(1865).
103,886
Tons hay (1864)
87,744
Bushels grass-seed.
620}
1875.
No.
Value.
Stone dwellings.
5
$31,200
Brick
42
216,800
Frame
9433
7,300,946
Log
233
9,710
Total
9713
$7,558,656
Farms :
Acres improved.
360,681
unimproved ..
363,155
Cash value of farms.
$23,151,866
farm buildings other than dwellings.
$2,262,684
" stock.
$3,583,882
"
tools and implements.
$852,101
Acres plowed
59,741
in pasture.
190,210
mown
115,946
Tons hay ..
137,493
Bushels grass-seed.
1,206
CATTARAUGUS COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
This society was organized on the 11th day of Novem- ber, 1841, at the court-house in Ellicottville. The first officers of the society, elected at that time and place, were as follows : President, Hon. Peter Ten Broeck ; Vice-Pre- sident, Elijah A. Rice; Treasurer, Stephen S. Cole; Secre- tary, Daniel Reed Wheeler; Directors, David B. Jewett, Ashford; M. G. Austin, Burton ; Hector Seager, Conne- wango; Alson Leavenworth, Cold Spring; Ralph Johnson, Dayton; D. L. F. Clarke, Ellicottville; Enoch Howlet, Freedom; Ora Pond, Farmersville; Thomas Seward, Frank- linville; Jonathan Davis, Hinsdale; Calvin Chickering, Humphrey; Francis Green, Great Valley ; Solomon Raw- son, Lyndon ; Benjamin Winchip, Little Valley; Fry Bar- ton, Leon; Wiggin M. Farrar, Machias ; Samuel Harvey, Mansfield; W. M. Champlin, Napoli; John S. Harvey, New Albion; Vine Plumb, Otto; Frederick S. Martin, Olean ; Truman Edwards, Perrysburg; Dan Allen, Persia; John Coonrad, Portville; Zebedee Woodworth, Randolph; Lewis Marsh, Yorkshire.
For the first eight or ten years after the organization of the society the annual fairs were held at Ellicottville. The society not owning any grounds, the public square was used for the exhibition of stock, and the use of the court- house was kindly tendered them for the proper display of articles of domestic manufacture, grain, vegetables, fruit, etc.
The following is a list of premiums awarded at the fair held at Ellicottville, Sept. 27, 1843:
For Horses .- Leander N. Gardner, of Persia ; Alexander Chambers, of Ellicottville; Jacob Plumstead, of Humphrey; Samuel Searl, of Franklinville; Asahel Brown, of Conne- wango; Lathrop Vinton, of Ellicottville; Isaac Searl, of Franklinville.
Cattle-Bulls .- Benjamin K. Stebbins, of Mansfield ;
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41,686
Cheese
$10,956,344
79
HISTORY OF CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, NEW YORK.
Job Austin, of Otto; Joshua Goss, of Perrysburg; Earl Sawyer, of Freedom.
Working Oxen and Steers .- John Harvey, of New Al- bion; Isaac Searl, of Franklinville; Bethuel McCoy, of Great Valley ; H. Somerville, of Ellicottville ; Samuel Har- vey, of Mansfield; Harlen Colman, of Ellicottville; Shel- don Bryant, of Ellicottville.
Cows and Heifers .- Earl Sawyer, of Freedom ; Ira Bur- lingame, of Franklinville; Elisha C. Eddy, of Mansfield ; John Harvey, of New Albion.
Sheep .- Nathaniel Walker, of Mansfield; Evander Wil- liams, of Otto; Abraham Mudgett, of Great Valley ; Enoch Howlett, of Freedom.
Swine .- James Jewell, of New Albion ; Enoch Howlett, of Freedom.
Butter and Cheese .- Jesse Smith, of Franklinville; Isaac Searl, of Franklinville; John McDonald, of Franklinville.
Domestic Manufactures .- Daniel Reed Wheeler, of Franklinville; Samuel Harvey, of Mansfield; Abraham Searl, of Ellicottville; Isaac Searl, of Franklinville; Ira Burlingame, of Franklinville.
Discretionary Premiums on Domestic Manufactures .- Lewis Marsh, of Yorkshire; Mason Smith, of Yorkshire; Lewis G. Baker, of Machias; Silas Huntley, of Ellicottville; Isaac Searl, of Franklinville; John Ellis, George Graham.
Maple-Sugar .- Lewis Marsh, of Yorkshire, for one hundred and eight pounds, two dollars.
In 1852 the society's fair was held at the village of Waverly, in the town of Otto. The grounds for the exhibi- tion were furnished gratis, by the liberality of the citizens of the place. Samuel Harvey, Esq., of Mansfield, was presi- dent of the society at this time.
The fair of 1853 was held in the village of Randolph, with Asahel Crawley, Esq., of Randolph, president.
The annual fair in 1854 was held in the village of Little Valley, with Horace Howe, Esq., president. The ground for the show of stock and farm implements was kindly furnished by President Howe, gratis, which of course was unfenced, and necessarily had to be picketed. The Con- gregational church was opened and freely tendered the so- ciety for the display of domestic manufactures contributed by the ladies. Hon. Horace Greeley, of the New York Tribune, delivered the address on this occasion.
In 1855 the annual fair of the society was held in Little Valley, and each year thereafter until 1862.
On the 15th day of April, 1856, the society leased of Benjamin Chamberlain ten acres of land adjoining the vil- lage of Little Valley, for a term of ten years, for the pur- pose of a fair ground, with the privilege of buying the same at any time during the term of the lease at a fixed price (fifty dollars) per acre.
In December, 1865, this ground was purchased for the sum of five hundred dollars. After the society had taken the lease the ground was inclosed by a substantial board fence eight feet in height ; a track or carriage-way one- fourth of a mile in length, and graded forty feet in width, was built, making it one of the finest grounds for an agricul- tural fair in the State. The society then purchased a large canvas tent, under which exhibits at the fairs were dis- played and sheltered for several years.
The annual fairs of the society having been held at Little Valley from 1854 to 1861, a change of location was thought desirable for their interest and success, and accordingly, in 1862, the board of managers voted to hold the fair that year in Olean, the use of suitable grounds having been tendered by the people of that place. The fair of 1863 was also held at Olean, both of which were successful financially and in every other respect.
In 1864 and 1865 the annual fairs were again held on the society's grounds in Little Valley, but that of 1866 was held at Olean, and from 1867 to 1876 the fairs were held at Little Valley.
A change of location being again thought desirable, the board of managers voted to hold the annual fairs of 1877 and 1878 at Randolph. The fairs of both of those years were very successful.
In 1875, the society, under authority of an act passed April 22, in that year, exchanged their old fair ground with John Manley for twenty acres located within the cor- porate limits of Little Valley village. This tract was named " Beechdale Park." The new ground has now a substan- tial fence around it, on which is a half-mile track for a trot- ting course, graded forty feet in width. The grounds also contain a large exhibition hall, and suitable offices for the officers of the society. The following is a list of the presi- dents of the society since its organization, in their regular order : Hon. Peter Ten Broeck, Abraham Searle, Esq., Hon. C. J. Fox, Gen. Alexander Chambers, John S. Harvey, Esq., Samuel Harvey, Esq., Asahel Crawley, Esq., Horace Howe, Esq., Lorenzo Stratton, Esq., J. Galusha Staunton, Esq., Nathaniel Walker, Esq., Col. Samuel Wm. Johnson, Isaac Reed, Esq., Chauncey A. Snow, Esq., Hon. John Manley, Col. Enos C. Brooks, Halsey Safford, Esq., Horace S. Huntley, Esq., Hezekiah O. Burt, Esq.
The following gentlemen have been secretaries of the society : Daniel Reed Wheeler, John C. Peabody, Henry Hoyt, John Manley, Horace S. Huntley (served nine years), Lambert S. Whitney, Amos T. Palmer, Charles H. Davis, Mortimer N. Pratt.
The officers of the society are a president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, and six directors. The president, vice- president, secretary, and treasurer are elected annually. The directors hold their office for three years; two being elected each year.
Many distinguished men of the county have at various times filled the other offices of the society. Among these are Hon. C. V. B. Barse, Hon. Daniel Bucklin, Hon. Lorenzo D. Cobb, James H. Brooks, Esq., Samuel Allen, Esq., Hardy R. Finch, Esq., Samuel R. Homer, Esq., A. S. Lamper, Esq., J. C. Gardner, Esq., Samuel S. Huntley, Esq., P. S. Pratt, Esq., Hon. Stephen C. Green, C. M. Hopkins, Esq., Cyrus A. Fuller, Esq., E. Kelly, Esq., Leicester Tracy, Esq., Dr. L. Twomley, Wm. Stevens, Esq., Judson Sibley, Esq., H. Tuthill, Esq., E. N. Lee, Esq.
POPULATION.
Following is an exhibit of the increase in population made by Cattaraugus County, and by its several towns, in each lustrum, from 1810 to 1875, the date of the latest census :
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HISTORY OF CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, NEW YORK.
.
Towns.
When formed.
From what Town taken.
1810. 1814.
1820.
1825.
1830.
1835.
1840.
1845.
1850.
1855.
1860.
1865.
1870.
1875.
Allegany
1831
Great Valley.
...
809
530
621
1,037
1,583
2,129
2,151
2,485
2,532
Ashford ...
1824
Ellicottville ..
275
631
1,201
1,469
1,376
1,658
1,913
1,975
1,838
1,801
1,887
Carrolton.
1842
Great Valley.
511
779
1,037
1,142
1,215
Connewango
1823
Little Valley
1,105
1,712! 1,166
1,317
1,244
1,408
1,345
1,359
1,229
1,281
1,320
East Otto.
1854
Otto.
1,228
1,300
1,152
1,164
1.183
Ellicottville ...
1820
Ischua.
380
526
941
1,084
1,211
1,725
1,838
1,881
1,862
1,833
1,902
Farmersville ..
1821
Ischua
636!
1,005
1,164
1,294
1,462
1,554
1,443
1,389
1,197
1,114!
1,094
Franklinville ...
1812
Olean
261 1,453
523
903
1,330
1,293|
1,439
1,706
1,819
1,510
1,559
1,654
Freedom
1820
Ischua
935
1,505
1,835
1,831
1,478
1,652
1,424
1,398
1,371'
1,341
Great Valley ...
1818
Olean
271
378
647
613
852.
756
1,638
1,198
1,525
1,565
1,641
1,617
Hinsdale
1820
Olean
383
919
1,543
1,937|
1,302|
2,129
1,708
1,645
1,491
1,566
Humphrey
1826
Burton.
Ischua
1846
Hinsdale
Leon ...
1832
Connewango ..
1,139
1,326
1,194
1,340
1,330
1,399
1,310
1,204
1,196
Little Valley
1818
Perry
484
462
336
610
700
780 1,383
801|
1,206
1,010
1,108
1.155
Lyndon ....
1829
Franklinville.
271
539
628
819
1,092
1,123
1,161
894
805
Machias
1827
Yorkshire
735
1,025
1,085
1,243
1,342;
1,366
1.275
1,190
1,170
1,385
Mansfield ...
1830
Little Valley
378
720
942
962
1,057
1,125
1,265
1,217
1,135
1,151
Napoli.
1823
Little Valley
852
1,379
1,145
1.233
1,222
1,238
1,231
1,174
1,094
New Albion. 1830
Little Valley
380
848
1,016
1,199
1,633
1,562
1,579
1,696
1,487
1,583
1808
458
276
1,047
404
830
638
550
899 1,611
2,706
2,701
3,103
Otto ....
1823
Perrysburg ..
Olean and Ischua
835
1,262
2,440
1,549
1,660
1,642
1,861
1,456
1,439
1,453!
1,313
1,391
Persia ..
1835
Perrysburg.
Portville.
1837
Olean ..
Randolph ...
1826
Connewango
776
938
1,283
1,300
1,606
1,723
1,954
1,846
2,167
2,430
Red House
1869
Salamanca ..
Salamanca ...
1854
Little Valley.
453
900
1,881
2,822
South Valley.
1847
Cold Spring and Ran- dolph
561
586
718
639|
743
870
Yorkshire
1820
Ischua.
2,010
1,728
1,844
1,670: 1,575
1,685
Total.
...
458
537
4,000 8,643 16,724 24,896 28,872 30,169 38,950 39,530 43,886 43,158 43,909 47,298
1047 Indians on reservations in 1855; 1147 in 1875.
CHAPTER XII. INDIAN RESERVATIONS.
AT the close of the Revolutionary war the Iroquois nations had ceded but a small portion of their lands, and the hostile course pursued during that struggle by all the confederated tribes, excepting the Tuscaroras and Oneidas, placed them in an unfavorable position with regard to their claims upon the return of peace. Popular hatred, intensified by recol- lection of the recent horrors of Indian warfare, found ex- pression to some extent in the councils of the new govern- ment, which, while evincing an anxiety to reward by liberal concessions those who had been its allies, or neutral in the contest, showed a no less fixed determination to hold the hostiles responsible for the policy they had adopted.
The first law of the State government on this subject was enacted Oct. 26, 1779 ; which, after reciting the de- predations committed by the Indians, and their infidelity and abuse of former favors,-naming especially the Mo- hawks, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas,-empowered the Governor and four commissioners to execute, if possible, a treaty of pacification, and to demand and obtain security to the State and its subjects against further hostilities, and indemnification for injuries already sustained, by exacting such compensation and retribution as might be thought proper. These commissioners were to act in behalf of the State in any treaty which might be held by the Government of the United States. On the 25th of March, 1783, the Governor and Council of Appointment were authorized to
appoint three commissioners of Indian affairs,* to superin- tend the business of the Indians generally, and to examine into and ascertain the territorial claims of the Oneidas and Tuscaroras, with the view of adopting such measures as might secure their contentment and tranquillity.
The first general treaty with the Six Nations, after the war, was concluded at Fort Stanwix (Rome), October 22, 1784, by Oliver Wolcott, Richard Butler, and Arthur Lee, commissioners appointed by Congress, and invested with full powers for that purpose. It secured to the two friendly nations-the Oneidas and Tuscaroras-the quiet possession of their lands, and required, under the pledge of hostages, the immediate surrender of all prisoners held by the tribes recently hostile. By it the Iroquois nations (except the Mohawks, who took no part in the treaty) ceded all their lands west of a line from Lake Ontario four miles east of Niagara River to Buffalo Creek, and thence south to Penn- sylvania; thence west and south, along the bounds of that State to the Ohio River. The territory thus ceded em- braced all of Chautauqua County, and the western parts of Niagara, Erie, and Cattaraugus. The stipulations of the Fort Stanwix treaty were renewed at Fort Harmar on the 9th of January, 1789, and the Six Nations were secured in their possessions east of the line of cession, excepting a reservation of six miles square at Oswego.
* Abram Cuyler, Peter Schuyler, and Henry Glen were appointed to this office June 27, 1783. On the 6th of April the Governor was authorized to associate with this commission such other persons as he might think proper.
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Cold Spring ..
1827
Napoli
443
....
673
602
591
664
667
711
835
921
Dayton ..
1835
Perrysburg.
1,114
946
1,007
1,448
1,139
1,294
1,247
1,267
1,309
824
759
963
948
1,065
1,071
906
1,103
986
858
872
908
601
1,224
1,731
2,133
1,110
2,267
1,094
1,075
1,106 1,028
1,089
Perrysburg.
1814
898
892
1,086
1,955
1,204
1,304|
1,291
1,220
1,336
462
585
747
1,164
1,625
1,638 1,814
2,140
407
1,801
856
823
1,066
1,292
1,740
1,686
1,443
1,910
444
591
1,119
Olean.
561
2,668
453
1,011
193
515
81
HISTORY OF CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, NEW YORK.
At one time, particularly in the winter of 1793-94, and the spring and summer of the latter year, the few settlers who had penetrated west of Canandaigua became alarmed in view of threatenings and unmistakable demonstrations of hostility on the part of the Senecas. These Indians were displeased at the near proximity of the whites; they com- plained that they had been cheated and overreached in the sale of their lands at the treaty of 1788, and they had not yet lost the feeling of exasperation produced by the crush- ing punishment administered to them by General Sullivan in 1779. In this crisis a general council of Indians was convoked by the government of the United States, and held at Canandaigua in the autumn of 1794, before Timothy Pickering as commissioner on the part of the United States. Four Friends, representatives of the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, were present in behalf of the Indians. On their way to this council, some of the Indians told the settlers that on their return, if their grievances had not been ad- justed they would be redressed by the scalping-knife. But the deliberations of the council progressed favorably, and on the 11th of November a treaty was concluded, by which the United States ratified and confirmed the several treaties which had been made by the State of New York ; and goods to the amount of ten thousand dollars were delivered to the Indians, besides making an addition of three thou- sand dollars to their annuity of fifteen hundred dollars previously allowed .* Also, by this treaty the United States acknowledged all the territory included in the State of New York, west of that sold by the Indians to Phelps and Gorham by the Buffalo Creek treaty of 1788, except- ing such lands lying along and in the Niagara River as were reserved to the State of New York by the convention of commissioners at Hartford in 1786, " to be the property of the Seneca nation ; and the United States will never claim the same nor disturb the Seneca nation nor any of the Six Nations, or of their Indian friends residing thereon and united with them, in the free use thereof, but it shall re- main theirs until they choose to sell the same to the people of the United States who have the right to purchase;"t thus ceding back to the Senecas the lands in Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, and Niagara Counties which had been ceded by the Six Nations to the United States by the treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1784, and confirming their pro- prietorship to all other territory eastward to the Phelps and Gorham line.
The result of this convention conciliated the Senecas so that they never afterwards gave serious trouble to the set- tlers west of the Genesee River.
The treaty made with the Senecas at Big Tree, Sept. 15, 1797, will be found mentioned in the account of the Hol- land Purchase. But in their sale to the company upon that occasion a number of tracts, known as Reservations,
* President Washington, on the 23d of April, 1792, recommended & plan, which was confirmed by the Senate, in which the Senecas, Onei- das (and Stockbridges incorporated with them), Tuscaroras, Cayu- gas, and Onondagas were to receive annually fifteen hundred dollars, to be expended in purchasing clothing, domestic animals, and implements of husbandry, and for encouraging artificers to reside in their villages. By the above treaty this annual sum was increased to four thousand five hundred dollars.
t United States Statutes at Large, vol. vii. p. 44.
were retained by the red men for occupancy by themselves and their descendants forever, as they then believed. The tracts thus reserved were as follows, viz. :
The Canawagus Reservation, to contain two square miles, and to be laid out in such a manner as to include the Indian village of Canawagus (west of Avon), and extending in breadth one mile on the West bank of Genesee River.
The Big Tree Reservation and Little Beard's Reserva- tion,¿ each to contain two square miles, opposite the village of Geneseo, and to be laid out similarly to that at Cana- wagus.
The Squakie Hill Reservation, to contain two square miles on the Genesee River, north of Mount Morris.
The Gardeau Reservation, containing about twenty-eight square miles on both sides of the Genesee, in Castile and Mount Morris, and since known as the " Mary Jemison tract."
The Caneadea Reservation, of sixteen square miles, ex- tending eight miles along both banks of the Genesee, at Kaounadeau. This was within the territory of the present county of Allegany.
The Buffalo Reservation, of one hundred and thirty square miles, on both sides of Buffalo Creek, and about seven miles in width.
The Tonawanda Reservation, of seventy square miles, on both sides of Tonnawanta Creek, chiefly in the present county of Genesee.
The Tuscarora Reservation, of about one square mile, east of Lewiston, Niagara Co.
The Allegany Reservation, of about forty-seven square miles, lying on each side of the Allegany River, and extend- ing up that stream from the Pennsylvania line about thirty miles by the course of the stream.
A tract on Cattaraugus Creek and along Lake Erie to the Eighteen-Mile Creek, and another tract between Catta- raugus and Connonduweyea Creeks. These were exchanged with the Holland Land Company, at a treaty held at Buf- falo Creek, June 30, 1802, for the tract on Cattaraugus Creek which forms the present Cattaraugus Reservation.
Besides these reservations, the Indians reserved by the treaty of 1797 the right to hunt and fish at will in all parts of the ceded territory ; that is, over all parts of the Holland Purchase. The treaty of Big Tree was confirmed by the President of the United States, April 11, 1798.
The Oil Spring reservation of one mile square, on the line between the counties of Cattaraugus and Allegany, in the present towns of Ischua and Cuba, was not mentioned with the other reservations described in the treaty, although the Indians had intended to reserve the tract, and believed it to have been so reserved. From the waters of the spring included in it they and their ancestors, from time imme- morial, had been accustomed to gather petroleum (once far- famed as " Seneca oil") for its supposed medicinal qualities ; and for this reason there was no other tract of equal size which they prized so highly as this.
But although this tract was omitted from the list of re- servations confirmed to the Indians by the treaty, it re-
# Ceded by treaty at Buffalo Creek, June 30, 1802, to Oliver Phelps, Isaac Bronson, and Horatio Jones, for $1200.
11
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HISTORY OF CATTARAUGUS COUNTY, NEW YORK.
mained in the peaceable possession of the Senecas until about 1839, when the grantees of Robert Morris made a conveyance of it to the Farmers' Loan and Trust Company. In 1855 the Seneca nation of Indians brought a suit against Philetus Pattison, at that time an occupant of 160 acres of it, for the recovery of their title. Judgment was given in favor of the plaintiff, which upon appeal, was con- firmed by the Supreme Court at a special term held in Elli- cottville, in January, 1859. From the evidence presented in this case, it appeared that the Senecas intended to reserve this tract in the treaty with Robert Morris of 1797, but that it was not mentioned with the other reservations therein enumerated; that the omission was noticed by one of the chiefs present, and that after the council was dismissed Robert Morris delivered a paper, said to convey the tract, to Pleasant Lake, a brother of Cornplanter. This paper was lost. Evidence was also presented in this suit that the first map of the Holland Purchase, published by the Hol- land Land Company, named this tract as a reservation ; and that a copy of the map thus marked had been formally presented by Joseph Ellicott, the agent and surveyor of the Holland Land Company, to a general council of Indians held at Tonawanda about 1804.
The Allegany Reservation (the principal one of the In- dian reservations embracing territory within the boundaries of Cattaraugus County) was surveyed in the months of Sep- tember and October, 1798, by Richard M. Stoddard, of Salisbury, Conn., with the following-named assistants, viz., James Dewey, of Whitestown, N. Y., and William Bacon, of Natick, Mass., chain-bearers; William Mansfield, of Litchfield, Conn., and Daniel Winters, of Stockbridge, Mass., axemen; Thomas Williams, of Canandaigua, and William Parker, of Great Barrington, Mass., flagmen ; Isaac Barrett, of Alford, Mass., and John Hinks, of Con- cord, Mass., pack-horse men. A traverse of the Allegany River was first made from the Pennsylvania State line at the present town of South Valley, by the meanders of the stream, up to a point nearly on the west line of the present town of Allegany. The survey of the reservation land was commenced Sept. 23, 1798, at a beech post six inches square, marked "Indian Land" and "1798," set on the north side of the river, nearly on the town boundary-line above mentioned. From thence the line was run on a course south, 44° east, 91 chains, 24 links, crossing the river to a point on, or nearly on, the division-line between townships one and two of the fifth range. From thence the traverse continued down along the south side of the river, and in general nearly parallel to it, by twenty-six changing courses, with distances varying from 33 chains to 316 chains, to the Pennsylvania line; then west on that line 137 chains ; thence up along the westerly and northerly side of the Allegany by twenty-three changing courses, varying from 10 chains to 298,75% chains, to the place of beginning. The reservation thus inclosed was 548 rods, or one and two-thirds miles, wide at the State line, with a width vary- ing at other points from three-quarters of a mile to two miles; the greatest width being at Carrolton, and the nar- rowest at Tunesassa, or Quaker Run, in South Valley. A projection was made from the general width northerly up Cold Spring Creek one and one-quarter miles long by one-
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