USA > New York > Kings County > Brooklyn > The civil, political, professional and ecclesiastical history, and commercial and industrial record of the county of Kings and the city of Brooklyn, N. Y., from 1683 to 1884 Volume I > Part 155
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A Public High School has not yet been established in Brooklyn. The extraordinary increase of population has called for so much additional outlay for primary pupils, that funds have not been furnished for a school of the higher branches of education.
Scholarships in Colleges .- But the Board is able, by the munificence of some of our greater institutions of learning, to offer to the pupils of the public schools still larger privileges of study.
More than eight years since, the venerable Chancel- lor of the New York University, Dr. Ferris, placed at the disposal of the Board fifty free scholarships in that college; in which the fees for tuition are nearly $100 per annum. In Columbia College, the Board has for many years possessed the privilege of sending six students free of cost. In Cornell University, the public schools can claim nine free scholarships, and in the State Nor- mal Schools, eleven.
For the privileges granted so liberally by the first University, only one scholarship has been demanded in eight years. To Columbia College, the public schools
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HISTORY OF KINGS COUNTY.
have sent but one student in fifteen years, and to Cornell University, but six.
The trustees of Packer Institute have, with equal liberality, permitted the Board to offer one free scholar- ship in that institution as the prize for excellence in each grammar school. Of the thirty-four free scholar- ships thus offered to the public, only eighteen had been filled, a short time ago, and the omission is caused solely by the indifference of the public to the privilege.
The number of free scholarships in colleges and semi- naries at the disposal of the Board, for the acceptance of public school pupils, is ninety-nine, of which only twenty six at present are filled.
The average value of these scholarships is not less than $100 per annum.
Yet the people of the city are apparently oblivious of these facts.
Sources of Income for the Support of Public Schools in Brooklyn .- 1. Pro rata share of State tax of one eighth of one per cent. on assessed valua- tion of the real and personal property in the city.
2. Pro rata share of interest of United States De- posit fund.
3. Pro rata share of interest of common school fund.
4. Amount annually directed to be raised by Board of Aldermen after the approval of the Board of Esti- mate.
1. State tax .- In each year the taxes levied on the city include one item of one-eighth of one per cent. This is paid into the State treasury to the credit of the common school fund. It is then re-distributed to the several counties. In 1882, the amount received from the State was $288,666.90, based on the censns of 1880.
2. From the United States deposit fund .- In 1832, so large a surplus of money had accumulated in the treasury of the Federal Government, that it was de- termined by a law of Congress to distribute it to the several States in proportion to their population. The State of New York appropriated the income of her quota to the support of public schools, and district libraries.
3. The income of the common school fund, which consists of moneys which have, from time to time, been appropriated by the State, to be invested so that the income shall be used for the support of common schools.
The money arising from these six sources is dis- tributed as follows:
1. The city is entitled to five hundred dollars for each member of Assembly.
2. To its proportionate share of one-third of the re- mainder (after some stipulated deductions for State ex- penses and Indian schools), according to the number of qualified teachers who have taught during a term of not less than six months.
3. To its proportionate share of the remaining two- thirds, according to population.
From all these sources, however, the Board of Edu- cation receives only about one-fourth of the amount paid for salaries to teachers. The balance is raised by special tax on the city.
In 1882, the Board received:
From the City .$885,816.44
From the State. 288,666.90
From sale of books, &c. 54,890.10
From all other sources. 12,068.27
Total. $1,241,441.71
In August, 1881, the method of keeping the records and accounts, and the general management of the finan- cial affairs of the Board, were entirely re-organized.
Monthly financial reports are now made by the. Fi- nance Committee in detail, covering every item of ex- penditure, and showing the balance to the credit of each account, the aggregate of which must balance with the money remaining to the credit of the Board in the hands of the City Treasurer. These reports are printed and laid upon the desks of the members for examination before being presented for adoption, and they alsc appear in the printed minutes.
The City Treasurer, as ex-oficio Treasurer of this Board, also keeps the accounts of the Board in detail, and it is pleasant to be able to say that since the adop- tion of the present system, the monthly balances have been exact, never differing from the Treasurer's re- ports.
The monthly financial reports as made by the Fi- nance Committee, are simple, comprehensive, and com- plete, and any person, at all familiar with accounts, may inform himself from them, without asking a ques- tion, of the entire financial transactions of the year, and of the condition of the funds at any time during the year.
The following table will show the appropriations, by the city of Brooklyn alone, for school purposes for the several years respectively named:
YEAR.
For School Purposes.
New Buildings.
1876
$805,196.95
1877.
881,792.45
$200,500.00
1878.
711,000.00
64,400.00
1879
793.565.35
1880.
825,383.87
56,873.30
1881.
885,816.44
110,000.00
1882
977,925.10
150,000.00
1883
1,248,137.09
280,000.00
There are now sixty-three school buildings under the charge of the Board. In 1882, the schools were in session forty weeks and one day.
The whole number of different pupils instructed in that year was 100,079. The average attendance for the year was 54,184.
The total number of pupils on register on the 31st of October, 1882, was 65,490.
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DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC EDUCATION.
The entire number of regular sittings in all our school buildings is but 64,232. (1882).
The increase population of Brooklyn probably equals 20,000 yearly ; more than 12 per cent. of such increase clamor at the doors of our public schools for admis- sion, and there is no room for them.
Our present population requires additional and im- proved school accommodation cqual to eight or ten large new buildings in excess of those now being erected or ordered, and we must keep in mind the fact that the annual increase of school population is a steady and continued demand for accommodation equal to three new school buildings each year.
Many of the schools were crowded three years ago ; during the past three years additional accommodation, as shown by the reports, has been provided to the ex- tent of 1,550 sittings.
In the same time the natural increase of school . children who would attend public schools, if they could be accommodated, is about 7,000.
Difficulties are multiplicd in every direction, involv- ing the questions of health, comfort and study, when the accommodation is so out of proportion with present and growing necessities ; and if the small increase of the past few years should, from any cause, be con- tinued for a few years more, it would be impossible to estimate the confusion that would ensue, and the just complaints that would follow from every part of the city.
Teachers .- The number now employed by the Board is 1,334. Of this number 55 are men, and the remainder women.
At present a woman is at the head of schools Nos. 8, 21, 28, 29, 39, 40, 41 and 42 respectively. The other schools are presided over by men, with the exception of primary school buildings, which are connected in dis- cipline with grammar schools.
There are 9 music teachers, of whom 8 are men. There are 8 drawing teachers, of whom one is a man. The two Attendance Schools are managed by men.
Evening Schools have been established and con- ducted during the autumn and winter of each year, almost ever since the organization of the Board. Since the autumn of 1882, they have been permanently or- ganized, with fixed rules for their government, and a permanent corps of teachers.
The schools are better conducted, the classes more fully attended, with better results than heretofore.
The rules adopted call for a term of sixteen weeks, but the duration of the term is dependent upon the ap- propriation allowed for their support.
The expense is about $2,250 each wcek, or $36,000 for a full term.
In 1882 there were 13 evening schools, two of which were high schools, with a total number of pupils on register of 4,948, which included 2 colored schools. The number of teachers was 200, The present year finds a
large increase in the number of pupils in evening schools.
For the past two years the work of the Board of Education has been more thoroughly systematized than ever before. Stricter rules have been adopted for the licensing of teachers. Only those applicants for teach- ers' positions who have received either a certificate "A " or "B " from the Superintendent, after an exam- ination, can now be appointed as teachers.
Special certificates of qualification are also required from applicants for heads of departments, and also for principals.
The course of study is now under revision, and the tendency seems to be to lighten the work required of the pupils, and to remedy the evils of the so-called " cramming system."
In 1882, examinations in etymology, astronomy and philosophy were dispensed with before graduation in the public grammar schools.
In 1882, special committees of the Board were en- gaged in re-arranging the school districts, and many changes were made. Nos. 8, 28 and 29 were made branch schools of grammar schools, and six other schools, viz., Nos. 7, 36, 38, 40, 41 and 42, were re- duced or confined to primary and intermediate pupils.
Within the present year seven new school buildings have been erected, and wings added to another. This was by far the greatest number of buildings for school purposes ever erected in the city of Brooklyn in a single ycar.
One of these was for colored pupils, and took the place of an old building. Plans are now being made for the erection of four more school buildings, and five wings or additions to the present buildings.
The salaries of teachers for the primary classes range from $300 (for first year), to $482 per annum ; teach- ers of the grammar classes receive from $487 to $900 per annum ; heads of departments, $930 per annum ; principals of branch schools, $1,500 per annum ; prin- cipals of full grammar schools, $2,700 per annum.
The cost of the public schools of Brooklyn was but $16.07 for each pupil for the year 1882. This amount is based upon the average attendance, and is much lower than that of any other large city in the United States.
Free School-Book System .- On the first of Janu- ary, 1884, the new free book system for the public schools of this city went into effect. Its operations will be watched with interest, not only by the residents of Brooklyn, but by the advocates of education gene- rally throughout the Union. The Board of Estimate appropriated for the purpose $75,000, the full amount asked for by the Board of Education. It is hoped that there will be eventually a great saving to the parents of scholars, which of course will be an advantage to the community at large. The majority of the books, it is calculated, will be returned after the scholars have got
18
HISTORY OF KINGS COUNTY.
through with them, to the schools from which they were received. They can then be utilized by other scholars without any additional expense either to parents or schools.
Asylums and Industrial Schools .- By the pro- visions of an act relative to the orphan asylums in the city, the Board takes under its care, for the purpose mentioned in the act, the following : Brooklyn Orphan Asylum School, Atlantic, near Brooklyn avenue ; R. C. Orphan Asylum School for Boys, St. Marks, near Albany avenue; R. C. Orphan Asylum School for Girls, Willoughby, near Yates avenue; Church Charity Foundation Orphanage School, Herkimer street, near Albany avenue ; Howard Colored Orphan Asylum School, Troy avenue, corner of Dean street; E. D. In- dustrial School, South Third, near Fifth street; School of the Home for Destitute Children, Butler street, near Flatbush avenue ; School for the German Orphan Home, Graham, corner of Montrose avenue, and the Industrial School of Sisters of Mercy, Willoughby, corner of Classon avenue. These sustain the same relation to the Board of Education as the public schools of the city. Their pupils are taught the same number of hours, use the same kinds of books, are taught by ap- proved teachers, receive a distributive share of the school money on the same basis, and are subject to simi- lar supervision. It is with reference to the educational features of the asylums that the courts have decided that they are entitled to a share of the General School Fund of the State. In view of these decisions, and by complying with school law, and the rules and regula- tions of the Board for the government, instruction and support of the public schools of the city, the asylums receive a distributive share of the General School Fund.
The children connected with these institutions, re- ceive instruction in the elements of reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, and geography. Out of the school hours they are instructed in various arts by which habits of order and industry are promoted, and they are thus made to be helpful in the asylum. They also receive careful and regular moral religious instruction daily.
The present members and officers of the Board of Education and the standing and local committees, to- gether with the numbers and locations of the schools and the principals in charge respectively, are given in the following list :-
Officers of the Board of Education, 1883-4 .- Tunis G. Bergen, Pres .; Chiarles R. Doane, Vice-Pres .; Daniel W. Talmadge, Sec .; Thos. H. Wilson, Ass't Sec .; Calvin Patter- son, Supt. of Public Instruction ; John W. Bulkley, William H. Maxwell, Associate Supts .; Frederick D. Clark, Iles E. Byrnes, Ephraim J. Whitlock, Henry O. Dyer, Clerks; Jas. W. Naughton, Supt. of Buildings; Wm. F. Cunningham, Engineer; Joseph B. Jones, M. D., Supt. of Attendance; De- hart Bergen, John Thomson, Henry Schultz, John J. Glynn, William Fischer, Robt. J. Reynolds, Attendance Agents; Al- bert S. Caswell, Director of Music; David P. Horton, Francis K. Mitchell, Ellsworth C. Phelps, Carl Wagner, Linden L.
Parr, Alla M. Russell, James J. McCabe, Alice M. Judge, Ed- ward E. Hand, Music Teachers; Peter Winter, Z. B. Sweeny, Julia A. Reid, Susan B. Orr, Catharine B. Snyder, Carrie W. Conklin, Mary A. Wood, Emma Jones, Drawing Teachers.
Members of the Board .- Tunis G. Bergen, Eugene D. Berri, Henry Bristow, Charles A. Buttrick, E. Dwight Church, John J. Clancy, Francis Dallon, Francis E. Dana, Charles R. Doane, Horace E. Dresser, Ernest W. Fischer, John Flynn, Robert B. Gardner, Horace Graves, John Griffin, Edgar E. Griffiths, Abijah Haviland, William Harkness, Robt. Henderson, Jr., Jos. C. Hendrix, Fred. W. Hinrichs, John Hope. Thos. F. Houghton, Charles A. Hull, Joseph Liebmann, Geo. W. Logan, J. Henry Martin, Geo. W. Mead, Eben Miller, John McNamee, George E. Moulton, William A. Nash, Louis E. Nicot, Robert Payne, Jas. L. Robinson, Edward Rowe, Wm. Cary Sanger, H. B. Scharmann, J. A. S. Simon- son, Charles E. Teale, Robert Thomas, Hayden W. Wheeler, P. A. White, Chris. W. Wilson, Chas. F. Wreaks
Primary Schools .- No. 3 (branch of No. 17), North 1st, near 4th st .; Branch Principal, Evelina L. Petty. No. 4, 10th, near N. 2d st .; Principal, Sarah S. Hunt. Branch of No. 4, Classon, near Flushing ave .; Branch Principal, Alzina C. Rich- ardson. Branch No. 13, Union, near Henry st .; Branch Prin- cipal, Caledonia V. Dix. Branch of No. 15, Schermerhorn st., near 3d ave .; Principal, the Principal of P. S. No. 15. Branch of No. 19, S. 4th, near 7th st .; Branch Principal, Elizabeth R. Duyckinck. Branch of No. 25, Walworth st., near Myrtle ave .; Branch Principal, Emily Henderson. Branch of No. 26, Bushwick ave., corner Ivy st .; Branch Principal, Minnie H. Ellis. Branclı of No. 34, Leonard st., near Nassau ave .; Principal, Thomas D. Murphy.
Colored Schools .- No. 1, N. Elliott Place, near Park ave .; Principal, C. A. Dorsey. No. 2, Troy ave., near Bergen st .; Principal, J. Q. Allen. No. 3, Union ave., near S. 3d st .; Prin- cipal, Catharine T. Clow.
Attendance Schools .- No. 1, 93 Wyckoff st .; Principal, Martin J. Fitzgerald. No. 2, corner of 5th and S. 3d Sts .; Principal, Richard B. McKenna.
Grammar Schools .- Central Grammar School, Court, cor- ner of Livingston st .; Principal, Robert F. Leighton. No. 1, Adams, corner of Concord st .; Principal, C. R. Abbott. No. 2, 46th street, near 3d ave .; Principal, J. Sands. No. 3, Bed- ford ave., corner of Jefferson st .; Principal, B. Y. Conklin. No. 4 Ryerson st., near Myrtle ave .; Principal, W. M. Jelliffe. No. 5, Duffield, corner of Johnson st .; Principal, John Gal- lagher. No. 6, Warren, near Smith st .; Principal, A. E. Ives, Jr. No. 7, York, near Bridge st .; Principal, C. P. Cunning- ham. No. 8, Middagh, near Henry st .; Principal, Esther A. Brooks. No. 9, Butler st., corner of Vanderbilt ave. ; Principal, A. S. Higgins. No. 10, 7th ave., near 11th st .; Principal, P. Rouget. No. 11, Washington, near Greene ave .; Principal, L. F. Lewis. No. 12 Adelphi st., near Myrtle ave. ; Principal, J. Cruikshank. No. 13, Degraw, near Hicks st .; Principal, Seth T. Stewart. No. 14, Navy, corner of Concord st .; Prin- cipal, B. Edson. No. 15, 3d ave., corner of State st .; Prin- cipal, T. Jacobson. No. 16, Wilson st., near Bedford ave .; Principal, L. Dunkley. No. 17, N. 5th, corner of 5th st .; Principal, Charles A. O'Reilly. No. 18, Maujer, near Ewen st .; Principal, E. Bush. No. 19, S. 2d, corner of 19th st .; Principal, E. G. Ward. No. 21, Mckibben, near Ewen st .; Principal, Kate E. McWilliams. No. 22, Java st., near Union ave .; Principal, L. B. Hannaford. No. 23, Conselyea, near Smith st .; Principal, S. S. Martin. No. 24, corner of Wall and Beaver sts .; Principal, A. G. Merwin. No. 25, Lafayette, near Throop ave .; Principal, C. E. Tuthill. No. 26, Gates, near Ralph ave .; Principal, J. E. Ryan. No. 27, Nelson, near Hicks st .; Principal, M. A. Weed. No. 28, Herkimer st., near Ralph ave .; Principal, Ella Folger. No. 29, corner of Columbia and Amity sts .; Principal, Kate J. McCloskey. No. 30, Walcott, near Van Brunt street .; Principal, Charles Mc- Laughlin. No. 31, Dupont st., near Union ave .; Principal, M. F. Vallette. No. 32, Hoyt, corner of President st .; Prin- cipal, S. M. Sprole. No. 33, Heyward st., near Broadway; Principal, J. Priddy. No. 34, Norman ave., near Eckford st .; Principal, Frank R. Moore. No. 35, Lewis ave., corner of Decatur st .; Principal, W. A. Welsh. No. 36, Stagg st., near Bushwick ave .; Principal, Jacob S. Woodworth. No. 37, S. 4th, near 3d st .; Principal, Geo. L. A. Martin. No. 38, N. 7th, near 3d st .; Principal, N. Upham. No. 39, 6th ave., corner of 8th st .; Principal. Harriet N. Morris. No. 40, 16th st., near 4th ave .; Principal, Eliza Ford. No. 41, New York ave., corner of Dean st .; Principal, Mary C. Lawrence. No. 42, St. Mark's, near Classon ave .; Principal, Ellen M. Warren.
BANKING AND INSURANCE.
BANKS OF DEPOSIT, SAVINGS BANKS, AND TRUST COMPANIES. INSURANCE AND SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANIES.
BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES.
BY THE EDITOR.
0 N the 31st of January, 1824, William Furman, Esq., member of Assembly from Kings County, presented to the Legislature a petition for a charter for the Long Island Bank, to be located in the village of Brooklyn. On the 5th of February following, the standing committee on Banks and Insur- ance Companies, reported on the petition that, "having duly examined the merits of the application, and hav- ing learned from different sources that the incorporated part of the town of Brooklyn contains rising of 7,000 inhabitants; that the extensive commercial, manufac- turing and mechanical business transacted there, render it fully capable of sustaining a bank, and being the third town in point of population in this State, and be- ing destitute of an incorporation, either for banking or insurance," they had prepared and begged leave to in- troduce a bill for the incorporation of said bank. "At a large and respectable meeting of the citizens of the town of Brooklyn," continues the report, "it was de- clarcd, without a dissenting voice, that they need a bank. Such is the expression of the county, and it is presumed no one will doubt their ability to sustain it. Brooklyn is situated opposite New York, separated by a river nearly a mile in width. By far the largest number of the business men of Brooklyn, meriting and requiring temporary loans and a place of deposit, are wholly un- known to the banks of New York. To become so, re- quires an account with some bank, and frequent de- posits, and an endorser in New York, which, in most cases, is impracticable and wholly inconvenient. Brook- lyn is now the third town in the State, and the sixteenth in the United States, and it is fair to conclude that in less than five years it will be the second."
This able presentation of the claims of Brooklyn was not thrown away upon the Assembly, who passed the required act of incorporation on the 23d of March by a vote of ninety-onc to twenty-two, it being the largest vote, considering the state of the House, that had been given to any bank incorporation bill during the season. The successful passage of the bill was largely due to the
energetic and persistent effort of Joseph Sprague, Esq., of Brooklyn, who spent some time in Albany, exerting his influence in behalf of legislation beneficial to his town. On the 1st of April following, the bill passed the Senate by a vote of twenty-six to four, and the same day received the Governor's sanction. The capi- tal of the bank was to be $300,000 in shares of $50 each, and the institution was not to go into operation until twelve and a half per cent. of the capital was paid. Of the thirteen Directors, two-thirds were to be residents of Brooklyn. Should they refuse, at any time during regular bank hours, to redeem their notes in specic, the charter was to be forfeited. The following persons were named in the bill as Directors, viz .: Lef- fert Lefferts, Jehiel Jagger, John C. Freecke, John C. Vanderveer, Jordan Coles, Silas Butler, Fanning C. Tucker, Jacob Hicks, Henry Waring, Nehemiah Den- ton, Elkanah Doolittle, Thomas Everit, Jr., and George Little. At the first meeting of this board, April 6, 1824, Leffert Lefferts, Esq., was unanimously elected President of the bank, and a committee was appointed to attend to its concerns. Subscription books were opened on the 3d of May at the banking house, No. 5 Front street, and a surplus of about one million and a half was subscribed for. The capital stock, $300,000; $10 required to be paid on each share taken at the time of subscribing. On the 3d of August following, the notes of the bank were first put into circulation.
Gabriel Furman, Esq., subsequently speaking of the Long Island Bank, says : "An error will not be com- mitted in saying that the . growth and prosperity of Brooklyn have been largely promoted by this bank. It has been in fact, as its name imports, a Long Island bank, and has always been an institution prized and cherished by the inhabitants of the island counties. It has been invariably conducted with liberality, impar- tiality and integrity. It is well known that, during the various periods of financial pressure and embarrass- ments, its aid has always been uniformly and amply extended to the mechanics, manufacturers and trades-
620
HISTORY OF KINGS COUNTY.
men who compose the business population of Brooklyn, and it is the depository, to a large extent, of the funds of the farmers and others of the island. The petition- ers for the renewal of its charter in January, 1839, carnestly request the same, and state that they would regard an omission to do so, and the consequent with- drawal of its means from the industry of the place, as a serious calamity to the city of Brooklyn, and as injurious to the business of the island generally. It is further noticeable that on the Queens County peti- tion for its renewal were fifty-two names, viz .: Mer- chants, fourteen; farmers, thirteen; mechanics, twenty; Justices of the Peace, Town Clerks and attorneys, five."
Brooklyn Savings Bank .- Chapter 177 of the laws of 1827, passed April 7, enacts that Robert Snow, Andrew Mercein, Robert Nichols and their associates shall constitute a body corporate known as the Brook- lyn Savings Bank, with perpetual succession, to " re- ceive as deposits from tradesmen, mechanics, laborers, minors, servants and others, all sums of money offered for investment." The act further names the following managers: David Anderson, Robert Bache, James B. Clark, Andrew Demarest, Charles I. Doughty, Thomas Everitt, Jr., James Engle, Augustus Graham, Andrew Mercein, Hezekiah B. Pierrepont, Peter W. Radcliff, Eliakim Raymond, Robert Snow, Joshua Sands, Clar- ence D. Sackctt, Jeffrey Smith, Alden Spooner, Fan- ning C. Tucker, Adam Tredwell, Peter Turner, Abra- ham Vanderveer, Losee Van Nostrand, Adrian Van Sinderin, Henry Waring and Richard Wells.
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