USA > New York > Kings County > Brooklyn > The civil, political, professional and ecclesiastical history, and commercial and industrial record of the county of Kings and the city of Brooklyn, N. Y., from 1683 to 1884 Volume I > Part 34
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Just beyond Powers' was the old toll-gate before mentioned, which stood a little south of the present Hanson place, and about seventy-five feet west of St. Felix street. Some one hundred and fifty yards to the southward of the toll-gate stood the old John Cowen- hoven house, a large heavy building of the Duteh type, with hump-backed roof, shaded by enormous willows and fronting south. Its location may be deseribed as being on the west side of Fort Greene place, about one hundred and sixty feet north of Atlantie avenue, and with its gable on the Flatbush turnpike; it was pulled down only a few years sinee.
About two hundred feet south of the Cowenhoven house stood Baker's tavern, associated with the battle of Brooklyn, as being the point at which the long flanking- march of the British army finally ended on that day. A fine view of this building, more lately known as the old Bull's Head tavern, will be found in the Brooklyn Cor- poration Manual for 1867.
From the southerly side of the Flatbush turnpike, be- yond the toll-gate, a road branehed off, at about the present junction of Flatbush and Fifth avenues, to Gowanus. The Flatbush turnpike swept along, through fields and woods, up to the top of Flatbush hill, through what is now Prospeet Park, and down the hill to a building in the hollow known as the "Valley Grove tav- ern"-near the boundary line between Flatbush and Brooklyn. At this point (about the corner of present Eleventh avenue and First street, as laid out on city maps, before Prospect Park was designed), it met a road running westward (nearly in line of the present First street), to a point in the middle of bloek now bounded by Fourth and Fifth avenues and Maeomb and First streets, where it met the Gowanus road, just mentioned, as well as the road to Denton's and Freeke's mills. This, known as the old Post-road, from a very early period, and memorably connected with the history of the battle of Long Island, was also familiarly known, by latter generations, as the Shun-pike road; for, by travelling this route to Red Hook lane, the inhabitants of Flatbush, and others going to and from Brooklyn, avoided the toll-gate upon the Flatbush turnpike.
On the Flatbush turnpike, between the toll-gate and the Flatbush and Brooklyn boundary line, the only buildings were the " Valley Grove tavern," above men- tioned; another about five hundred yards to the west- ward, ealled the "Farmer's Resort and Citizen's Retreat;" a small building in the woods on the top of the hill; a small house about half-way down the (Brooklyn) side of the hill; and another near the junction of the Flatbush and Jamaica roads, now Elliott place and Atlantie avenue. These were all on the easterly side of the road. Of that portion of the road which passed through what is now Prospeet Park, it may be said that it was then almost uninhabitable on account of the agues, fall fev- ers, and other malarions diseases arising from the several stagnant ponds, hidden among the thiek woods, which covered this locality.
At the junction of the Flatbush and Jamaica roads (present Atlantic avenue and Elliott plaee) was the site, afterward, of the extensive horticultural garden of Mr. Andre Parmentier.
He was a native of Belgium ; was of a highly respectable family ; had enjoyed the advantages of a liberal education, and was a relative of Anthony Parmentier, who introduced the potato in France. Pecuniary losses induced Mr. Parmen- tier, who was a merchant, to come to this country, in 1824. Stopping a while in New York city, he was finally induced, by his passion for botanical pursuits, to devote himself to gardening on a scale heretofore almost unknown in this sec- tion. Refusing the superintendence of the once famous Bo- tanical Garden of New York, which was urgently pressed upon him by Dr. Hosack and others, he selected and pur- chased in Brooklyn, this tract of twenty-five acres, lying be- tween the Jamaica and Flatbush roads, on the 4th of Octo- ber, 1825, for the sum of $4,000. Although beautifully and advantageously located, the surface of these grounds was a bed of rocks, some of which were used in enclosing the garden with a wall. Mr. Parmentier erected a dwelling and garden- house, and stocked the land with a great variety of trees and plants, useful and ornamental, indigenous and exotic. The garden soon grew into importance and attracted large num- bers of visitors, from all quarters. In it the Morus Multicau- lis plant was first introduced into America by Mr. Parmen- tier, whose enthusiastic devotion to floral pursuits promised brilliantly for his own interests, as well as for the public benefit. But, to the great regret of all who knew him, he was cut off by death, in 1830. His widow strove hard to continue the business ; but failing in consequence of the death of her only son, was finally obliged to dispose of the trees and plants ; and the grounds, once occupied by their at- tractive garden, were cut up into building-lots and streets. Mr. Parmentier was, also, an excellent musician, and pos- sessed artistic powers of no mean quality.
From this point the old Jamaiea turnpike ran through fields, farms and woods, to Bedford-Corners, which was a simple, forest-environed cluster of aneient, low-browed Duteh houses, presenting a scene of quiet beauty (See page 99) which has but lately, and reluctantly, yielded its eharms to the rude embrace of eity im- provements. Bedford-Corners was especially the seat of the Lefferts family, the principal member of which, sixty years ago, was Leffert Lefferts, Esq., or Judge
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HISTORY OF KINGS COUNTY.
Lefferts, as he was usually called, who resided in the old Lefferts house on the south-west corner of the cross- roads. His biography will be found in the chapter in this volume devoted to " The Bench and Bar;" and a genealogy of the Lefferts family is given in Stiles' IIis- tory of Brooklyn.
From Bedford-Corners the Cripplebush road ran north-easterly to Newtown; the Clove road (called by the British "the Bedford pass") southerly through the clove or cleft in the hills, and the Brooklyn and Jamaica road, or " Kings' highway," ran easterly.
That portion of Brooklyn along the Old Gowanus road to the Denton and Freecke mill-ponds, and thence | ground, at some distance from the road; and, together
along the Bay shore to the New Utrecht town-line, re- mains to be described.
This road, which was established in 1704, left the Flatbush turnpike just above the toll-gate, and ran southerly in the same general direction as the present Fifth avenue, until it reached the vicinity of the present Fifth street, where it deflected south westerly towards the present junction of Middle street with Third avenue, thence following the line of that avenue along the shore. The first house was a low one-story building on the westerly side of the road, in the vicinity of the present Dean and Bergen streets. It stood on the low
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TURNPIKE
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MAP OF BEDFORD-CORNERS IN 1766-'67. (From Ratzer's Survey of 1766-'67, and shows the farm-lines, roads, houses, etc., etc., as then existing.)
REFERENCES TO THE LARGE FIGURES.
1. P. Reid (?).
4. Jeremiah Meserole.
2. Teunis Tiebout, 1776.
5. -- Johnson.
3. Peter Stothoff. 6. Jacob Ryerson.
7. Rem Remsen, afterwards Barent Lefferts. House pulled down about 1840.
8. Barent Lefferts.
9. Michael Vandervoort, 1776: afterwards Jacobus De Bevoise. House pulled down recently.
10. Cornelius Vanderhoef, afterwards Leffort Lefferts.
11. Jeronimus Remsen, afterwards Barent Lefferts and Rem Lefferts. House pulled down 1838.
12. Lambert Suydam, afterwards Daniel Lott, now Chas. Betts. House pulled down 1856.
13. Abraham Van Anden, afterwards Benjamin Hinchman. House pulled down 1819.
14. Nicholas Blom, afterwards Charles Turnbull, Leffert Lefferts, sr., 1791, and John Lefferts. House rebuilt about 1787.
15. Peter Vandewater. Hendrick Suydam, 1791; Leffert Lefferts, jr., 1835.
16. Andris Andriese, Leffert Lefferts, sr., 1774; Leffert Lefferts, jr.
17. Benjamin and Jacobus Vaudewater to Hendrick Fine, 1743; Fine to Jacobus Lefferts, 1753; L. Lefferts, sr. and jr.
18. H. Fine to Jacobus Lefferts, 1753. Partly from Executors of Andris Andriese. House built about 1750.
19. Peter Vandewater, Robert De Bevoise.
20. Isaac (?) Selover.
21. Rem Cowenhoven, Teunis Tiebout, Nicholas Cowenhoven.
22. Rem Vanderbeck and Lambert Andriese, afterwards Barent Lef- ferts.
23. John Cowenhoven, Isaac Cortelyou, and others, being part of first division Brooklyn Wood-lands.
REFERENCES TO THE SMALL FIGURES.
1. The Tiebout house, afterwards occupied by Nicholas Cowenhoven, subsequently by Robert Wilson.
2. The Selover house.
3. Rem Vanderbeck, afterwards Robert De Bevoise.
4. Judge Leffert Lefferts' house, built in 1838, now the residence of J. Carson Brevoort, Esq.
5. Judge Leffert Lefferts' old house, built about 1753.
6. N. Blom's house, rebuilt, 1787, by Charles Turnbull, an officer of the British army, afterwards occupied by John Lefferts.
7. Abm. Van Enden's, then B. Hinchman's, and more recently J. P. Brinckerhoff's.
8. Lambert Suydam, afterwards Daniel Lott.
9. JeronImus Remsen, then Barent Lefferts, then Rem Lefferts.
10. The old Bedford village school-afterwards Public School No. 3.
11. Old house pulled down in 1841.
12. Michael Vandervoort, afterwards Jacobus De Bevoise.
13. Bedford village burial-ground-the Lefferts' family burying-ground in the rear.
14. Old Remsen (?) family burying-ground.
15. Two acres bought by Brooklyn and Jamaica Turnpike Co., for a gravel-bank.
16. Negro burying-ground.
1000 feet.
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137
BROOKLYN SEVENTY-SEVEN YEARS AGO.
with the farm attached, was the property of Thomas Poole, who had purchased it from Thomas Baisley. At this period it was occupied by Van Houten, a milkman.
A little beyond, on the easterly side of the road, and in the vicinity of Wyckoff and Warren streets, was the two-story house of Mr. Willetts, a retired merchant, built in a style, and with pretensions, above the ordinary farm-houses.
The next house on the same side of the road was an old one-story building, standing several hundred feet back from the road, and with a fine cherry-orchard in front, occupied by tenants of Adolphus (or "Dolph ") Brower, whose residence stood next, on the same farm, near the road. Nearly opposite, on the west side of the road, John Ham built a fine two-story house, standing several hundred feet back from the road; and there he resided in style so long as the money lasted to which he had fallen heir-finally ending his life in pov- erty-his last occupation being that of driving a swill- cart. Ham's house, erected after 1815, was burned a few years ago. Brower's and Ham's houses were located near the line of the present Butler street.
On the same side of the road, after passing Brower's (near the present Degraw street), was the residence and premises of Tom Poole, farmer, milkman and keeper of a small grocery and tavern. On the same side of the road, close to Poole's, and belonging to him, stood an ancient stone house, occupied by tenants.
On the same side of the road, between the present Union and Sackett streets, was Jeremiah (or Jerry) Brower's, who owned a few acres, afterwards bought by Jaques Cortelyou.
Next, on the easterly side of the road, in the vicinity of President strcet, was the house of old Theodorus Polhemus.
On the corner of the Gowanus road and the Post road leading to Flatbush (near Macomb street), stood a long one-story building, one end occupied as a school-room, and the other by a farm-laborer's family.
On the opposite corner stood William (or Bill) Furman's tavern.
Branching off westerly from the Gowanus road, at this point, was the road leading to Denton and Freeke's mills. On this were the fine houses, first of Nehemiah Denton, near the intersection of the present Powers and Carroll streets, and next that of John C. Freeke, near the intersection of Nevins and Union streets; each having a tide-mill attached to his prem- ises. Both of these were flour-mills. Both Denton and Freeke had been merchants ; were rich ; and among the first in Brooklyn to use coaches, or barouches.
Freeke's mill, otherwise known as "Brower's," or the "old Gowanus mill," was the oldest in the town; and, un- til recently, portions of its dam were easily discernible between Third and Fourth avenues. Both Denton's and Freeke's mill are closely associated with the tragic incidents which marked the closing rout of the Ameri-
can forces, at the battle of Brooklyn, August 27th, 1776.
Denton's pond was the subject of a curious contract about 1709, between its original proprietors, Abram and Nicholas Brower, and Nicholas Vechte, the builder and occupant of the old 1699, or Cortelyou, house. With the strong predilection of his race for canals and dikes and water-communications, old Vechte added the traits of eccentricity and independence. His house stood on a bank a few feet above the salt-meadow, at a distance of a hundred yards from the navigable waters of the creek. To secure access to them, from his kitehen door, Vechte dug a narrow canal to the creek, but the ebb-tide often left his boat firmly sunk in the mud, when he wished to reach the city market with the pro- duce of his farm. He therefore contracted with the Browers to supply him with water from their pond; and a channel was dug, in furtherance of his scheme, to a water-gate, through which his canal was to be flooded. The old Dutch farmer was accustomed to seat himself in his loaded boat, while it was resting in the mud of the empty channel, and hoist his paddle as a signal to his negro-servant to raise the gate. The flood soon floated his boat, and bore him out to the creek, exulting with great glee over his neighbors, whose stranded boats must await the next flood. The contract for this privilege, as well as another, by which Vechte leased the right to plant the ponds with oysters, are in posses- sion of Mr. Arthur Benson.
On the south-west corner of the Gowanus road and the road leading to these mills was the house of Joe Poole, a shoemaker. Farther down, on the east side of the road, was the Cortelyou or Vechte house, already described.
On the block between Second and Third streets, and about a hundred feet east of Fifth avenue, was a small private burial-place, apparently that of the Cowen- hoven family. The earliest date of the one or two re- maining monuments is that of Nieolcs Kowenhoeven, February, 1792.
Next, on the west side of the road, and between the present Fifth and Sixth streets, was a house, originally built by Tunis Tiebout, belonging to Theodorus Polhe- mus.
Next beyond, on the same side of the road, between Ninth and Tenth streets, was the house of Cornelius Van Brunt, on a farm which he purchased from the Staats family. Opposite to his house, and between Eighth and Ninth streets, was the residence of his father-in-law, Rem Adriance.
Next, on the west side of the road, between Thir- teenth and Fourteenth streets, was the house of Mr. Walter Berry, who, in 1813, was gored to death by a bull which he was fattening. In 1816 it was occupied by his son Richard.
On the same side of the road, about on line of present Fifteenth street, on the adjoining farm, stood a house
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HISTORY OF KINGS COUNTY.
formerly occupied by Derrick and Deborah Bergen, and afterwards by their son-in-law, Joseph (or Josey) Smith. This building was originally erected on the Cortelyou property, at the Narrows; but was taken apart and removed by water to its present site, on the purchase of the property by Derrick; his wife, Deborah, being a daughter of one of the Narrows' Cortelyous.
Opposite to Smith's, on the east side of the road, stood a small house occupied by Tiesje Carson, another daughter of Derrick and Deborah Bergen, and widow of Ebenezer Carson.
The next house on the east side of the road, and still standing on Sixteenth street, was that of Rachel Berry, widow of Walter, before named, who, after her hus- band's death, built upon her share of her father's (Der- rick Bergen) farm.
On the west side of the road, at the corner of Hamil- ton and Third avenues, was the house of Peter Wyc- off, occupied by one of his grand-daughters. It stood upon the site of the old Van Duyne mansion.
The next house stood on the east side of the road, between the present Twentieth and Twenty-first streets, and was occupied by Anthony (or " Tony") Hulse, the owner of a large farm adjacent. A little beyond this house, on the same side of the road, stood a one-story house, erected before the Revolution, for his son John. Across a bridge, which spanned a small stream of water that drained the swamp above, was the house of George Bennet, on the west side of the road, and, a little beyond, the elevation known as Blokje's Bergh.
Next, on the east side of the road, was the one-story stone house of Wynant Bennet, a one-armed man. It was built at a very early date, and stood on the edge of the road (on the very brink of the cove) on the line of the present Third avenue and Twenty-seventh street.
The next house was that of the brothers Simon and Peter Schermerhorn (see cut on page 84), erected by the Bennets prior to 1695, on what is now Third avenue, near Twenty-sixth street. A little farther, on the same side of the road, in the vicinity of Thirtieth street, stood the house occupied by Stephen Hendrick- son, son-in-law of George Powers.
On the adjoining farm, on the westerly side of the old road, on the present Third avenue near Twenty-third street, stood the house of Garret Bergen-erected, it is supposed, some years before the Revolution, by one of the Bennets; but enlarged and rebuilt about 1800, after the property came into possession of Teunis Bergen. father of Garret. This Garret was generally known as Squire Bergen, having for many years held the office of justice of the peace, as also that of an assistant judge of the county. He was noted for keeping peace among his neighbors; always refusing a warrant while the appli- cant was in a passion, and putting him off, until he had cooled down, after which an amicable settlement was generally effected with ease. He was an elder in the church, and a truly upright. man, whose word was as
good as his bond, and whose conscientious life was ad- mired and respected by all who knew him. His sons were the late Hon. Tunis G., favorably known as a pub- lic man, and an industrious genealogist ; Peter G., a merchant in New York ; John G., the late able and popular police commissioner ; and Garret G., a farmer. His only daughter married Mr. Tunis S. Barkeloo.
At the time of the Revolution, the Bennets owned the water-front on the Gowanus cove, from Twenty- fifth to Thirty-seventh streets, inclusive, and it was probably between Thirty-second and Thirty-seventh streets that the British reinforcements landed during the progress of the battle of Brooklyn.
The next house was that of the children of John Cropsey. It was a one-story framed building, with a wing on its easterly side, and stood near the easterly corner of the Gowanus road and Marten's lane, at a point on the present thirty-fifth street about half way between Third and Fourth avenues.
In the wing of the house they kept a store and a small tavern, and had a blacksmith's shop on the corner of the road. It is believed that a tavern, known as " The Red Lion," was kept in this building during the Revolu- tion.
On the opposite corner of Marten's lane stood a small house occupied by Gysbert Bogert, a fisherman.
Next, on the same side of the road, on a plot of about an acre, stood the house of Abraham Bennet, de- ceased, occupied by Caty, his widow.
Beyond Abraham's house stood that of his brother Anthony, also, on a lot of about an acre, afterward owned by Abraham Tysen, a Jerseyman, who carried on shoemaking and tanning; his vats being located in the low ground near the edge of the meadow.
On the land of Simon Bergen, on the same side of the road as the last house, and about a hundred feet beyond it, stood the school-house of District No. 2, an old one-story framed building. The predecessor of this school, and the first in the district, was a log house, which stood near the swinging-gate leading to John S. Bergen's, between Second and Third avenues, near Forty-fourth street. About seventy years ago the school was kept by an Irishman named Hogan, who fell in love with one of his female scholars, and made an unsuccessful attempt to commit suicide, by cutting his throat, because neither she nor her parents would listen to his proposals. After Hogan, the school was taught by a man named Cisley, who, to punish his scholars, made a fool's-cap, with a red face, ram's horns at the sides, and a cow's tail hanging down be- hind (the latter articles procured at Tysen's tannery), which he placed upon the head of the offenders, and then had him, or her, escorted around the neighhor- hood by two of the larger scholars. This, however, did not operate long ; for, one day, while they were thus exhibiting a daughter of Stephen Hendrickson, Mrs. Hendrickson happened to meet them, and straight-
139
THE VILLAGE OF BROOKLYN, 1817-1834.
way seizing the scarecrow cap, rent it into tatters, and threatened the pedagogue with her direst vengeance, if such a punishment as that was ever tried on again. After the failure of his fool's-cap experiment, Cisley . used to punish the children by locking them up in the garret, or loft of the school-house, which had no win- dow, and was entered by a trap-door. This, however, was no great punishment for the youngsters, who amused themselves during confinement in various ways ; among others, by chasing and arousing the flying-squir- rels which had their nests behind the chimney.
Next, was the old De Hart house (see cut, page 83), owned by Simon Bergen, who had previously built on the hill, west of the old house, a new habitation in modern style. Both houses stood on the shore of the bay, on the westerly side of the road, and were approached through a common lane. Simon was con- sidered a rich man, and a good horseman, generally driving a spirited team in such style as, on some occasions, to excite the apprehensions of his wife Jannetje, whose remonstrances he would effectually silence by offering her the reins.
Next was the swinging-gate, leading to a small house on the shore of the bay, near Forty-third street, the residence of John S. Bergen, a brother of Simon.
The next house was that of Wynant Van Pelt, which stood on the east side of the road, between Forty- seventh and Forty-eighth streets-a small building, which had never been troubled by the painter.
After passing this we come to the lane leading to the old Van Pelt mansion, a low roofed one-story house, then occupied by Henry Van Pelt ; and, also, to a small modern-built house occupied by Tunis Van Pelt, both located near the bay and Forty-seventh street.
On the main road, on its east side, near present Forty- eighth street, was a shabby-looking dwelling, the house of Christopher (or "Chris."), another of the sons of Wynant Van Pelt.
Further along, on the west side of the road, was the swinging-gate and lanc leading to Peter Bergen's, whose house, a modern two story erection, with a base- ment, stood on the banks of the bay, near Fiftieth street.
Then a lane led to the house of Michael Bergen, a modern one-story building, standing on the bay, near Fifty-third street.
The next lane led to the house of Theodorus, a son of Michael, and commonly known as Dorus Bergen, an ancient one-story building, partly constructed of stone, on the bay, near Fifty-first street.
Beyond his lane was that leading to Tunis (or Major) Bergen's, the last house within the bounds of the town of Brooklyn, a two-story building, with a wing, yet standing on the bay, near Fifty-eighth street.
The most fashionable style of houses among the wealthier farmers of the county, about the beginning of the present century, and of which there are many speci- mens yet extant, was a main building of about one story and a half in height, without attic windows, the second story gaining its light from gable windows; the roof, with a double pitch, extending over the eaves some four or five feet, in a curved manner, so as to form a piazza and cover the front and rear stoops, but without columns for support. A wide hall ran through the centre of the house, with two, and in some instances three, rooms on each side of the hall, the upper story being somewhat similarly divided. A wing was gener- ally added for a kitchen. On this general plan were the Tiebout, Wyckoff, George Bennett, G. Bergen, J. Bergen and M. Bergen houses.
THE VILLAGE OF BROOKLYN, 1817-1834.
1817 .- The winter of this year was unusually severe. The harbor was at one time closed by ice, both at the Narrows and at Hell Gate ; and foot-passengers crossed on the ice near the ferry.
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