USA > Pennsylvania > Luzerne County > Wilkes-Barre > A history of Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania : from its first beginnings to the present time, including chapters of newly-discovered early Wyoming Valley history, together with many biographical sketches and much genealogical material. Volume II > Part 1
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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01205 2178
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HN
DURKEE
In Perpetuam Memoriam COLONEL JOHN DURKEE (1728-1782), Founder and Namer of Wilkes-Barre.
Fama Semper Vivat.
A HISTORY OF WILKES-BARRÉ
LUZERNE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
FROM ITS FIRST BEGINNINGS TO THE PRESENT TIME; INCLUDING CHAPTERS OF NEWLY-DISCOVERED
EARLY WYOMING VALLEY HISTORY
TOGETHER WITH MANY BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES AND MUCH GENEALOGICAL MATERIAL
BY
OSCAR JEWELL HARVEY, A. M.
AUTHOR OF "A HISTORY OF LODGE NO. 61, F. & A. M.", "THE HARVEY BOOK", "A HISTORY OF IREM TEMPLE", ETC.
ILLUSTRATED WITH MANY PORTRAITS, MAPS, FACSIMILES, ORIGINAL DRAWINGS AND CONTEMPORARY VIEWS
F
1
COMPLETE IN THREE VOLUMES
VOLUME II
WILKES-BARRÉ
1909
COPYRIGHT, MAY, 1909, BY OSCAR J. HARVEY.
RAEDER PRESS, Wilkes-Barré, Penna. .
1166986
Good speed-50.00 (6Vol5)
"Wyoming ! In thy mountain scenery yet, All we adore of Nature in her wild And frolic hour of infancy is met ; And never has a Summer's morning smiled Upon a lovelier scene than the full eye Of the enthusiast revels on, when high Amid thy mountain solitudes he climbs, And knows that sense of beauty which sublimes."
"War's wildest blast once rang between these hills, And poured its savage legions like a flood Down the green mountains. Bloody were the rills That flow in silver now along the wood ; And the rough battle-ax was none too rude To cleave the fairest bosoms, while the bright sky Echoed the war-whoops of the hellish brood."
Contents of Volume II.
Errata-Volume II.
PAGE 629. In the third paragraph of the "Gallup" foot-note, seventh line-Estlier Gal- lup was born October 22, 1768, and died May 18, 1817.
634. Third paragraph of "Butler " foot-note, third line-" 1732" should be 1736.
637. Second paragraph, fourth line from end-" page 658 " should be page 657. 638. Third paragraph from end of foot-note, fourth line-Hannah was the third and not the "fourth " child of Zebulon and Anne ( Lord ) Butler.
647. First paragraph of first foot-note, third line -- " Beamy's" should be Reamy's. 715. In the fifth line of the paragraph near the middle of the page-substitute October for "September."
718. Third paragraph of foot-note-in fourth line substitute later for "then ", and in fifth line substitute then for "now ".
723. Fifth paragraph of foot-note, fourth line-insert Mt. Vernon before "Olio "; in seventh paragraph-Robert Miner Abbott was born June 19, 1837; in last paragraph-add to last line, and Asher Miner Abbott.
807. Next to the last paragraph-add to the last line, and were children of John Sharps of Wyoming.
834. Third paragraph, tenth line-substitute east for " west ".
908. Last foot-note, second line-"1774" should be 1772.
985. Third line-substitute 967 for "985 ".
989. Second paragraph -- in the fifth line, following "Susquehanna", insert After; and in the twelfth line substitute 988 for "989 ".
1117. Eleventh line from bottom-substitute elder for " younger ".
1187. Fifth paragraph, next to the last line-" Jacobs' " should be Jacob's. 1189. Second paragraph, thirteenth line-"Jacobs'" should be Jacob's.
"BUTLER'S RANGERS"-SIX NATION INDIANS IN THE SERVICE AND PAY OF GREAT BRITAIN -- FORT NIAGARA ON LAKE ONTARIO 917
CHAPTER XV.
THE BATTLE OF WYOMING-WILKES-BARRE ALMOST WHOLLY DESTROYED BY "BUTLER'S RANGERS" AND INDIANS -- THE VALLEY OF WYOMING DESOLATED AND DESERTED-CAPT. SIMON SPALDING'S WESTMORELAND INDEPENDENT COMPANY IN THE CONTINENTAL SERVICE
954
621
"Wyoming ! In thy mountain scenery yet, All we adore of Nature in her wild
Contents of Volume II.
CHAPTER XI.
PAGE
THE FIRST PENNAMITE-YANKEE WAR IN WYOMING-THE SUSQUEHANNA COM- PANY'S LAND-SURVEYS CONTINUED-WILKES-BARRE "TOWN-PLOT " LAID OUT-SETTLERS UNDER THE SUSQUEHANNA COMPANY INCREASE RAPIDLY IN NUMBER AND EFFECTIVENESS-THE TOWN OF WESTMORELAND ORGAN- IZĘD . 625
CHAPTER XII.
THE ACTION OF THE CONNECTICUT ASSEMBLY RELATIVE TO THE "WESTERN LANDS" CAUSES DISSATISFACTION AND DISSENSION-THE WESTERN LIMITS OF WESTMORELAND EXTENDED-THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, CONNEC- TICUT MILITIA, ORGANIZED AND ESTABLISHED-EXPULSION OF THE YANKEES FROM THE WEST BRANCH REGION BY THE PENNAMITES-THE PLUNKET EX- PEDITION AGAINST WYOMING, AND THE BATTLE AT "RAMPART ROCKS" . . 797
CHAPTER XIII.
LOYALISTS IN WESTMORELAND-THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE UNDER WAY- INDIAN CONFERENCES AT WILKES-BARRÉ-ENLISTMENTS IN WESTMORELAND FOR THE CONTINENTAL ARMY-OLD FORTS STRENGTHENED AND NEW ONES ERECTED-THE TWO " WESTMORELAND, OR WYOMING, INDEPENDENT COM- PANIES"-THE COUNTY OF WESTMORELAND, "IN THE STATE OF CONNECTI- CUT," ERECTED OUT OF THE WYOMING REGION . 866
CHAPTER XIV.
THE LOYALISTS OF WESTERN NEW YORK AND NORTH-EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA -. "BUTLER'S RANGERS"-SIX NATION INDIANS IN THE SERVICE AND PAY OF GREAT BRITAIN-FORT NIAGARA ON LAKE ONTARIO 917
CHAPTER XV.
THE BATTLE OF WYOMING-WILKES-BARRE ALMOST WHOLLY DESTROYED BY "BUTLER'S RANGERS" AND INDIANS-THE VALLEY OF WYOMING DESOLATED AND DESERTED-CAPT. SIMON SPALDING'S WESTMORELAND INDEPENDENT COMPANY IN THE CONTINENTAL SERVICE
954
621
622
CHAPTER XVI.
PAGE
WILKES-BARRE TAKEN POSSESSION OF AND OCCUPIED BY CONTINENTAL SOLDIERS AND WESTMORELAND MILITIA-THE HARTLEY EXPEDITION AGAINST THE INDIANS-FORT WYOMING ERECTED-WYOMING'S DEAD INTERRED . . 1079
CHAPTER XVII.
THE STORY OF FRANCES SLOCUM, A CAPTIVE TO THE INDIANS . 1113
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE SULLIVAN EXPEDITION AGAINST THE SIX NATIONS-A CONTINENTAL MILI- TARY POST ESTABLISHED AT WILKES-BARRE-CAPT. JOHN FRANKLIN'S COM- PANY OF WESTMORELAND MILITIA. . 1145
"Look now abroad ! Another race has filled These populous borders ; wide the wood recedes, And towns shoot up, and fertile realms are tilled ; The land is full of harvests and green meads ; Streams numberless, that many a fountain feeds, Shine, disembowered, and give to sun and breeze Their virgin matins. The full region leads New colonies forth, that, toward the western seas, Spread like a rapid flame among the autumnal trees." -William Cullen Bryant.
CHAPTER XI. -
THE FIRST PENNAMITE-YANKEE WAR IN WYOMING-THE SUSQUEHANNA COMPANY'S LAND-SURVEYS CONTINUED -- WILKES-BARRE "TOWN- PLOT" LAID OUT-SETTLERS UNDER THE SUSQUEHANNA COMPANY INCREASE RAPIDLY IN NUMBER AND EFFECTIVENESS-THE TOWN OF WEST- MORELAND ORGANIZED.
"There is a sanctity in the Past, but only because of the chronicles it retains-chronicles of the progress of mankind-stepping-stones in civilization, in liberty and in knowledge."
-Edward Bulwer-Lytton, in "Rienzi."
At Hartford, Connecticut, November 8, 1769, a meeting of The Susquehanna Company was held, presided over by Maj. Elizur Talcott* as Moderator. The principal matter of business transacted was the unanimous adoption of the following :
"Voted, That the settlement of the lands at Wyoming be pursued according to the vote of this Company December 12, 1768,f and that the Committee use their utmost en- deavor to make up in cash an equivalent for the fifty barrels of pork granted by this Company for the use of said settlement, with what they have already sent for the use of the 240 settlers mentioned in said vote ; and that a further sum of £75 be forwarded and paid to the Committee appointed to oversee and direct in the settlement, for the use of the 240 that shall remain on said land ; and that the Committee use their influence with Major Durkee to continue at Wyoming with our settlers this Winter.
"Whereas there are few proprietors present, or have had notice of this meeting, and matters of importance are now under consideration, it is voted to adjourn to December 6, 1769, at Windham ; and the Clerk is directed to publish a copy of this vote in this and three adjoining Provinces."
In pursuance of the foregoing resolution advertisements were printed in The New York Journal, The New London Gazette and other news- papers, announcing that a meeting of The Susquehanna Company would be held at Windham on December 6th.
Turning again to Wyoming Valley we find that about November 1, 1769, the Yankee settlers here were still dwelling together at Fort Durkee, busily engaged in harvesting some of their crops, breaking up new land and building fences. The Ogdens and a small party of Penn- sylvanians continued to occupy their block-house at Mill Creek and also were engaged, in a small way, in making improvements in that part of the valley. After the skirmish between the Yankees and the Penna-
* Major, later Colonel, TALCOTT was of Glastonbury, Hartford County, Connecticut.
+ See page 465, Vol. I.
625
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mites on September 22d (see pages 513 and 514), each party becanie more circumspect and wary with respect to the other, and the members of both parties went about their daily duties provided with defensive weapons of some sort, while the respective strongholds of the two parties -the fort and the block-house-were carefully guarded day and night by armed sentinels. Relative to the September skirmish, previously re- ferred to, we have the following additional information, derived from a printed statement* issued in 1804 by Alexander Patterson, of North- ampton County, whose name and exploits are frequently mentioned hereinafter. He refers to the Yankees as numbering (in September, 1769) "upwards of 200, under the direction of a man of desperate fortune, of the name of Durgee [Durkee]," and then states :
"They [the Yankees] attempted to dispossess the Pennsylvania settlers,+ armed with axes, scythes and clubs. Your petitioner [Patterson] was in the front of the oppo- sition, and was severely wounded in the head with an ax. The Yankees were defeated and drove to their fort. Notwithstanding the loss of much blood he [Patterson] that evening set off in a bateau to Fort Augusta, sixty-six miles down the river, at that time all the way uninhabited ; hired hands, and brought up a cannon."
The September skirmish at Wyoming caused Sheriff Jennings to hasten the preparations for his expedition to the valley, which he was making at Easton in compliance with the directions of Governor Penn, as detailed on page 507, Vol. I. The party of "hands" claimed by Captain Patterson to have been "hired" by himself at Fort Augusta consisted of some twenty men, engaged for the Wyoming service by Colonel Francis under instructions from the Governor. (See page 507.) These men, properly armed and equipped and provided, also, with an iron 4-pounder cannon and a supply of ammunition (furnished by Colonel Francis), were conducted by Captain Patterson in several bateaux from Fort Augusta to the mouth of Mill Creek, in Wyoming, where they arrived November 8th-the very day that the ineeting of The Susquehanna Company took place at Hartford. About two days later Sheriff Jennings set out from Easton for Wyoming at the head of a force of some 200 men, well arined and equipped. A number of these men were residents of New Jersey, but the majority were from the towns of Easton and Bethlehem and the vicinity of Fort Allen in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. The Sheriff's chief aids, or deputies, were Charles Stewart, Esq. (pre- viously mentioned), and Captains Joseph Morris and John Dick. (See note, page 514.)
Capt. Amos Ogden, apprized at Wyoming of the approach of Sheriff Jennings and his "posse comitatus", gathered together his whole force of Pennamites, numbering about forty, and in the afternoon of Saturday, November 11th, dashed rapidly and unexpectedly on a small party of Yankees-among whom was Maj. John Durkee-at some distance from Fort Durkee and captured them. Captain Ogden, it will be remembered, was at that time a duly commissioned Justice of the Peace, and without delay he issued the necessary legal papers for the commitment of Major
* "A Petition presented by Capt. Alexander Patterson to the Legislature of Pennsylvania during the Session of 1803-'01, for compensation for the monies he expended and the services he rendered in defence of the Pennsylvania title against the Connecticut claimants." Printed at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1804.
¡ About the middle of September, 1769, the Pennsylvania settlers-the Ogdens and their few associates -who were holding possession of the lands at and near Mill Creek, were joined by Alexander Patterson, Garrett Brodhead (mentioned in the note on page 258) and a number of others from eastern Northamp- ton County, representing certain Pennsylvania land-claimants. These men took part in the skirmish of September 22d, and Brodhead's servant was captured by the Yankees and held a prisoner in Fort Dur- kee until its surrender on November 14th, as hereinafter described. The following account against "the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania" was rendered by Garrett Brodhead in 1769, and is printed in "Pennsylvania Archives," Second Series, XVIII : 614. "To six days with two horses and self, £3, 12s .; six days with one horse, £3; ten days at Wyoming, £5; my servant fifty-eight days at Wyoming, of which he was im- prisoned thirty-eight days by the Yankys, £14, 10s."
627
Durkee to the city jail in Philadelphia. The Major was too valuable a prize to be risked in the log jail at Easton, and so, shackled with irons and entrusted to a safe escort within a few hours after his capture, he was hustled off to Philadelphia and closely imprisoned. Emboldened by their success Ogden and his mnen, about nine o'clock Saturday night, surrounded Fort Durkee and fired upon the mnen within .*
Sheriff Jennings and his posse reached Wyoming on Sunday, November 12th, and the next morning the whole body of Pennamites, upwards of 200 in number, paraded in formidable array before Fort Dur- kee. Then, while Jennings-at the forefront of his force-carried on a parley with the Yankee garrison, Ogden and some of the men collected and drove away all the cattle and horses belonging to the Yankees which they found grazing in the fields in the neighborhood. The following day the Pennamites assembled again on the plain before Fort Durkee, where they threw up a line of earthworks upon which they mounted the 4-pounder from Fort Augusta ; after which they suminoned the Yankees to surrender or, failing in that, to submit to the "immediate destruction" of their fort. Deprived of their commander, and having nothing but muskets and rifles with which to defend themselves, the Yankees deter- mined to surrender ; whereupon articles of capitulation were entered into, in form as follows :
"ARTICLES or CONDITIONS of agreement Indented made and entered into at Wyo- ming on the fourteenth day of November Annoque Domini one thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine, Between JOHN JENNINGS, AMOS OGDEN & CHAS STEWART, Esquires, in behalf of the Honorable Thomas Penn and Richard Penn, Esquires, Proprietaries of the Province of Pennsylvania, on the one Part, and JOHN SMITH and STEPHEN GARDNER, Committee-men chosen and appointed by the Susquehanna Land Company of Connecti- cutt in behalf of themselves and the said Company, of the other Part, WITNESSETH : that Whereas a number of the said Susquehanna Land Company have made several attempts to seize on and possess themselves of the Lands at and near at Wyoming aforesaid, in the Province of Pennsylvania, for which Forcible Entrys, Riots, &c. they have been indicted by the Grand Inquest of the County of Northampton in the Province aforesaid, in Con- sequence whereof his Majesty's Writts have been Issued against them and the Sheriff of the County of Northampton aforesaid hath collected the Posse Comitatis of the said County to aid him in apprehending the said Trespassers, Rioters and Offenders.
"But the partys to this agreement considering the great difficulties and expenses that will fall on the persons indicted on a Trial, as also the hardships they must suffer by being confined in a Goal if they cannot procure Bail, and being likewise desirous to pre- vent shedding of Blood and Future quarrells between the Tenants and Purchasers settled at Susquehanna under the aforesaid Thomas Penn & Richard Penn, Esquires, and those claiming under the Susquehanna Company or Connecticutt Grant, The aforesaid partys do Covenant, promise and agree for themselves and their respective Constituents with each other as Follows, viz .:
"Ist. That all the people now assembled at Wyoming claiming under or in con- junction with the Connecticutt men shall peaceably depart from hence in three days, except a number not exceeding fourteen men, and that quiet and peaceable possession of the Fort and all the Buildings and Houses therein be immediately given up to the said John Jennings, Amos Ogden and Charles Stewart.
"2dly. That the party consisting of fourteen men, a list of whose names shall be taken and annexed hereunto, shall have leave to dwell in six of the Houses or apartinents in the Fort and continue there with their wives and children (if any they have) untill his Majesty's Decree or Royal Order be issued and publickly made known in America in regard to the Title of the Lands at Wyoming, at which time it's agreed, meant and in- tended by the partys aforesaid that the party in whome his Majesty pleases to confirm11 or declare the Title of the lands at Wyoming to be ( whether it be determined in favour of the Honble the Proprietaries of this Province or in favour of the Connecticutt claim- ants) shall thenceforth continue to possess and enjoy the same without any lett or moles- tation from the other party, who shall without delay remove off the lands aforsd with their Cattle, Horses and Effects as soon as his Majesty's determination is made known to them at Wyoming.
"3dly. That in the Interim not more than five Strangers, or others of the said Susquehanna Company's claimants, shall be received or entertained by the party of four-
* See "Pennsylvania Archives," First Series, IV : 401.
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teen aforesaid at any one time nor continue in their Houses longer than three days at once, except in cases of absolute necessity, and that then the names of any persons so coming and their business shall be declared and made known to the settlers here, or agents under the said Thomas Penn & Richard Penn.
"4thily. That an Inventory of the Cattle and Horses belonging to or left in care of the fourteen inen aforesaid be made out and given to the said John Jennings, Amos Ogden & Charles Stewart, that the numbers and marks of sd Cattle and Horses may be known to them and the others settled here.
"5th. That the party of fourteen aforesaid have leave to gather the Indian Corn,
Turnips and * * * Crop of the past Summer, and Fence the wheat they have sown ; with full Egress and Ingress to and from the wheat fields, and leave to cutt Firewood and do every other thing for the convenience and support of their Familys this Winter, or untill his Majesty's order be made known.
"6th. That they the said Connecticutt Company nor any of them shall not attempt any further Waste on the Lands at Susquehanna by Cutting Timber, Building Houses or any other way untill his Majesty's pleasure be made known in America in regard to the Title of said Lands.
"7thly. That all the Houses or Buildings in the Fort and on the said Lands, except the six before mentioned, shall be occupied, possessed and enjoyed by the settlers and purchasers under the said Thomas Penn & Richard Penn, Esquires, without any lett or disturbance from the other party untill the publication of his Majesty's order or Decree be made in America.
"8thly. That to preserve peace and good neighbourhood between the party of fourteen aforesaid and the Settlers under the said Thomas Penn & Richard Penn, Esquires, aforsd, The partys to this agreement hereby make themselves and their Constituents responsible for the good beheavour of the men who are to be left here, each party covenant- ing that themselves nor any they leave here will Harrass, Molest or disturb the Persons or Effects of the other, But on the contrary it is the True intent and meaning of this Agreement that peace, Order and Good Will be established here between the said partys, and that each and every of them will readily obey his Majesty's Royal Order and pay due obedience & Respect to the Laws. For the punctual performance whereof and of every part of this agreement the Partys aforesaid respectively bind themselves each by every tie of Honor and Justice, and also in the Penal Sum of one thousand pounds Current money of this Province, and have to this agreement interchangeably set their hands and Seals the Day and year first above Written. Anno, 1769.
"Signed, Sealed and Deliver'd In the presence of us-
"David Reynolds, *
"Jos: Morris, t
"Stephen Gardner, Jr.,}
"William Gallup, §
"JNO. JENNINGS, [L. s.]
"AMOS OGDEN, [L .S.]
"CHAS STEWART, [L. S.]
"JOHN SMITH, | [L. S.]
"STEPHEN GARDNER, [L. S.]"
* DAVID REYNOLDS, born in West Greenwich, Rhode Island, June 17, 1734, was the third child of Wil- liam and Deborah (Green) Reynolds. William Reynolds was born near the close of the seventeenth century at Kingstown, Rhode Island. He was fourth in descent from William Reynolds of Providence (1637), who was associated with Roger Williams in the early settlement of the Colony of Providence Plan- tations, and was one of the thirty-eight signers of the agreement for a form of government for the new Colony. William Reynolds (the first of this name mentioned above) was married September 18, 1729, to Deborah, daughter of Benjamin and Humility (Coggeshall) Green of East Greenwich, Rhode Island, and they became the parents of the following children who grew to maturity : (i) Sarah, b. March 31, 1730, and md. in 1751 to Benjamin Jones ; (ii) Caleb, b. June 21, 1731, and md. to Sarah Anderson at Voluntown, Connecticut, January 23, 1755; (iii) David, b. June 17, 1734; (iv) Griffin, b. June 11, 1737; (v) Benjamin, b. October 25, 1740; (vi) James, b. August 21, 1748 ; (vii) William, b. about 1752, killed at the battle of Wyoming, July 3, 1778.
In 1751 William and Deborah (Green) Reynolds and their children removed from West Greenwich to Coventry, Rhode Island, where they continued to reside until 1759, when, having disposed of his estate there for £1,000, Mr. Reynolds removed with all his family except his two eldest children to the Province of New York-locating, presumably, in either Dutchess County or Orange County. About that period there were considerable emigrations from eastern Connecticut and western Rhode Island to the counties mentioned ; and through those counties, later, the New Englanders pursued their toilsome journeys on their way to settle in Wyoming.
(v) Benjamin Reynolds came to Wyoming in the Spring or Summer of 1769, either with the party headed by Major Durkee (see page 487) or with one of the smaller parties that came later, for he signed the petition drawn up at Wilkes-Barre August 29, 1769. (See page 510, Vol. I.) William the father came before September 12, 1769 (on which date he signed at Wilkes-Barre the petition mentioned on page 512), and shortly afterwards (iii) David joined his father and brother. The name of William Reynolds appears in the tax lists of Plymouth Township (where he settled in 1772) for 1776, 1777 and 1778, and the name of David Reynolds appears in the lists for 1777 and 1778. It is not probable that Benjamin Reynolds re- mained here for any great length of time, as his name does not appear later than 1771 in any of the few "lists of settlers" now in existence. He was living in Pownal, Bennington County, Vermont, in January, 1795, when he conveyed to Charles E. Gaylord certain lands in Plymouth Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, which had been devised to him by his father William. In March, 1797, Benjamin Reynolds of Exeter, Washington County, Rhode Island-presumably the son of William of Plymouth, as above- mentioned-conveyed to his sons Joseph and Benjamin "all his right in the Susquehanna Purchase." William Reynolds died at Plymouth in 1791, aged considerably more than ninety years. By his will, pro- bated at Wilkes-Barre January 6, 1792, he devised his estate to his children Sarah, Caleb, David, Griffin, Benjamin and James.
(iii) David Reynolds was twice married. The name of his first wife, and the place and time of her death, are not known. She bore her husband two children-Joseph (who married but had no children) and Mary (who became the wife of Levi Bronson). In 1779 David Reynolds was married (2d) to Mrs. Hannah ( Andrus) Gaylord (born 1746), widow of Charles Gaylord ( formerly of Plymouth) who had died in July, 1777, while a soldier in the Continental Army. David Reynolds died at Plymouth July 8, 1816, and
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The foregoing Articles were executed in duplicate, and the copy -in the excellent and well-known handwriting of Charles Stewart- which was retained by the representatives of the Yankees, is now in the possession of Mrs. Annie B. D. Reynolds of Wilkes-Barré, whose husband (the late Sheldon Reynolds) was a great-grandson of David Reynolds, one of the subscribing witnesses to the Articles. By the courtesy of Mrs. Reynolds we are able to present on the next page a photo-repro- duction of a portion of this interesting document.
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