USA > Pennsylvania > Luzerne County > Wilkes-Barre > A history of Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania : from its first beginnings to the present time, including chapters of newly-discovered early Wyoming Valley history, together with many biographical sketches and much genealogical material. Volume II > Part 73
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# FREDERICK ANKER, or ANGER, as his surname was sometimes written, was, as noted on page 944, regularly enlisted in Butler's Rangers. In 1787 he was living with his family at Niagara, and in August of that year he filed with the British Commissioners (previously mentioned) a claim setting forth, under oath: That he was a native of Germany, and had come to America in 1757; that when the Revolutionary War broke out he was living on the North Branch of the Susquehanna, in Northumber- land County, where he had "one-half a proprietor's right on the disputed lands", for which he had paid seventy-two dollars; that he first went to the Susquehanna region in 1772, cleared twenty acres of land, and built a house, barn, etc .; that, with Michael Showers, he escaped to the British army in 1778, and "he (Anker) and his two sons served in Butler's Rangers to the close of the war"; that he lost his land and all he had-three horses, seven cows, etc., valued at ££372, 18sh. The Commissioners deterinined his loss at £77, which amount was allowed him December 7. 1787.
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Benjamin and Stukely Harding were wounded. They promptly re-
turned the fire, and tlien a bloody melee ensued. The Indians, with their spears and tomahawks, rushed upon the Hardings, while the latter clubbed their guns and fouglit furiously and bravely, resisting until, pierced through with spears, they fell, and then were hacked and cut to pieces with tomahawks, and scalped. John Gardner, having no weapons,
THE SCENE OF THE MASSACRE OF THE HARDINGS. ('The ravine mentioned was just beyond the thicket in the foreground.) From a photograph taken by the writer in 1903.
took no part in the fight, but was taken prisoner. Stephen Harding, Jr., and the boy Rogers escaped without wounds and ran into the thick woods near by.
In the meantime another party of this same band of Indians and Tories had sneaked down to Hadsall's tan-yard, near the mouth of Sut- ton's Creek (which was just fourteen miles from Fort Wilkes-Barré, and less than twelve miles from Forty Fort, by the winding course of the river), where they captured James Hadsall, Sr., his son-in-law Daniel Carr, and the negro Quocko. They then lay in wait for the men who were at work on the island, who, a little later, as they were landing from their canoes, were fired upon. James Hadsall, Jr., was killed, Ebenezer Rey- nolds was wounded, but, with Daniel Wallen, managed to flee to the woods. Young John Hadsall, who had remained behind the rest of the party in order to make fast the canoe, plunged into a thicket of willows and drift, that overhung the water close by, as soon as he heard the firing. The Indians, missing one from the party which had landed from the canoe, went to the river's margin to search for him, and one of them walked out on a log just over where Hadsall was lying, but did not dis- cover himn.
VIEW FROM MOUNT LOOKOUT, LOOKING SOUTH.
The figure in the foreground is pointing in the direction of the battlefield of Wyoming. In the middle-distance, directly above the pointing hand of the figure, is the site of Forty Fort, while Wilkes-Barre lies in the background in line with the head of the figure. From whatarrang taken in June 190
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The elder Hadsall, Jolin Gardner, Daniel Carr and Quocko were taken by their captors (the two bands of the war-party which had come down the river from "Three Islands" having reunited) some three miles up Sutton's Creek, to about a inile east of where the village of Orange, in Franklin Township, Luzerne County, is now located, and there they bivouacked that night (June 30tlı). During the night James Hadsall* and Quocko the negrot were subjected by the Indians to excruciating and protracted tortures, culminating in the death of both men.
Meanwhile the main body of the invaders, under Major Butler and Sayenqueraghta, had marched from the river at "Three Islands" in a direct course, south-south-east, through the uninhabited and unbroken country back of the mountains which skirt the right, or west, bank of the Susquehanna. A somewhat difficult march of twelve miles-in the course of which the locality east of the present village of Orange, abovementioned, was passed throught-the little army arrived at a point just back of Mount Lookout (described on page 48, Vol. I), and there they bivouacked§ early in the evening of June 30th. A large extent of Wyoming Valley lies spread out before the eyes of the beholder stand- ing upon the summit of Mount Lookout (see the illustrations facing page 989 and page 990), and from that eminence Forty Fort, Jenkins' Fort, Wintermute's Fort and Pittston Fort were distinctly visible to Major Butler and his officers. In the morning of July 1st Major Butler was joined at his Mount Lookout encampment by the detachment of his command which had wrought destruction in upper Exeter and then bivouacked near Orange.
Young John Hadsall, who had secreted himself in a thicket, as pre- viously narrated, ventured out of his hiding-place after nightfall, and made his way down to Jenkins' Fort, where he arrived safely and made known the circumstances of the capture and death of his companions to their waiting and anxious friends and relatives. Stephen Harding, Jr., Ebenezer Reynolds, David Wallen and the boy Rogers fled through the woods, and, after wandering all night, succeeded in reaching Jenkins' Fort early the next morning. Intelligence of the unexpected calamity which had occurred was at once (in the morning of Wednesday, July 1st) sent to all parts of the Valley, and the utmost alarm and consternation
* JAMES HADSALL, SR., came to Wyoming from Stonington, Connecticut, where all his children were born. He was a proprietor in The Susquehanna Company as early, at least, as June, 1770 (see page 658), at which time he was probably in Wyoming Valley. He was certainly here in October, 1771, and in May and July, 1772-in the last-mentioned month being joined by his son James. They were both here in October, 1772. (See page 752.) James Hadsall, Sr., was an early settler in the township of Exeter, which was laid out by The Susquehanna Company in November, 1772, as narrated on page 467, Vol. I. He owned considerable land near the mouth of Sutton's Creek, where he carried on farm- ing and conducted a small tannery. In 1776, in partnership with James Sutton, he built and operated the first grist-mill and saw-inill in Exeter Township, on Sutton's Creek, a short distance from the river. These mills were destroyed by the Tories and Indians, either just before or soon after the battle of Wyoming. The mill irons were carried away, with the exception of the crank, which is now preserved in the collections of The Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, as a relic of one of the earliest mills in the Wyoming region.
James Hadsall, Sr., and his wife (who died prior to 1778) were the parents of several children, some of whom were: James (killed at Sutton's Creek June 30, 1778), Stephen (born in April, 1766), Edward, John, Joseph and William Hadsall. The last four were all residents of and taxpayers in Exeter Township in 1796. In 1805 Edward Hadsall removed with some of his family from Exeter to Martinsville, Ohio, where a number of his descendants now reside. His son James (born March 20, 1786) remained in Exeter, but later removed to the adjoining township of Franklin, in Luzernc County, where he was living in 1880 at the advanced age of ninety-four years. Daniel Carr, the son- in-law of James Hadsall, Sr., who was carried away a prisoner by the Indians, is said to have been held in captivity several years. Stephen Hadsall, who was in his thirteenth year at the time of the battle of Wyoming, fled to Stonington soon thereafter, and did not return to Wyoming until he had grown to manhood. About 1800 he settled in what is now Monroe Township, Wyoming County, where he married, and where he died January 17, 1847.
/ Sec Vol. I, pages 149 and 166, relative to the aversion of the Indians of early days to negroes.
Scc the map facing page 790, and the "Map of North-eastern Pennsylvania" in Chapter XXIII.
§ Near where are now located the grounds of the Wyoming Camp-meeting Association.
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prevailed. The people of Wyoming well knew that it was no picnic- or excursion-party which had come down from the North and was now lurking somewhere near their borders. The Westmoreland militia, therefore, were has- tily ordered to assemble. Old men and youths quit their employments, seized their inuskets, and hurried to the places of rendezvous. Retire- ment or flight was deemed impossible. It seemed that there could be no security except in victory !
These brave inen were not soldiers by profession, bred to arıns, but were inen from the everyday walks of life-meclianics, husbandmen, peaceful cultivators of the soil. Nor were they the vassals of a proud chieftain, rousing them, in barbarous times, by the blind impulse of at- tachment to his family, or engaging them to espouse his quarrels by the music and entertainments of his ancestral castle. These men were themselves the chieftains of their own cause, highly instructed in the nature of it, and, from the best principles of patriotism, resolute in its defense. They were not unacquainted with the circumstances of their situation, and their unpreparedness for battle with a superior force. It was alone the pure love of freedom and of right, burning bright in their souls, that could engage them to embark in the bold and perilous un- dertaking which then faced them. Well might they have chanted the war-song of the Tyrolese of earlier days :
" We have sworn by that God, Who can keep us and save us, To fight for the land Which our forefathers gave us.
" We have sworn by our love, By that spell which hath bound us, To fight for the maids And the mountains around us."
Nearly 400 of the men of Wyoming Valley, fully armed and equip- ped for fighting, gathered in the course of the morning of July 1st at Forty Fort. Colonel Denison, as the chief officer of the Westinoreland inilitia, was there, naturally and properly in command; but as Lieut. Col. Zebulon Butler of the Continental army was then at his home in Wilkes-Barré, as previously mentioned, and as he was a soldier of many campaigns, and an officer of much wider experience than Colonel Deni- son, the latter sent for him to come to Forty Fort and take actual com- inand of the expedition, which he himself would accompany as the vir- tual commander. In the circumstances this plan met with the approval of all the officers of the 24th Regiment on the ground, and Lieutenant Colonel Butler accepted the proffered post without hesitation.
Everything being in readiness the Westmorelanders set out from Forty Fort, led by Colonels Denison and Butler. Sternly and silently they marched, without banners and without music. It was their design, and they fully expected, to meet the invaders and attack them before they could reach the settlements in the Valley ; but they marched up along the west bank of the river to Sutton's Creek-a distance of about ten miles-without meeting a single hostile. At the creek they halted, and a squad of inen, under the command of Lieut. Roasel Franklin, was
1
VIEW OF WYOMING VALLEY FROM MOUNT LOOKOUT. Mount Lookout Colliery is shown in the middle-distance, near the center of the picture, and to the left of that lies the battlefield of Wyoming. From a photograph taken in 1902.
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sent forward to the scene of the murder of the Hardings. The mutilated bodies of the two men were found where they had fallen the previous evening, and near them were seated two Indians, evidently with the expectation that, should the friends of the dead men come for their remains, they (the Indians) might obtain other victims. Lieutenant Franklin's party came upon the Indians without warning, and, fir- ing upon them, one was shot dead where he sat, while the other, only slightly wounded, ran to the river and attempted to escape by swimming. However, he was pursued in a canoe by Lieutenant Franklin and one of his men, who despatched him with setting-poles .* The bodies of the Hardings were brought down to Jenkins' Fort, and the next day were interred in the Jenkins' burial-ground-at the junction of Linden and Wyoming Avenues, within the present limits of the borough of West Pittston.
After a tiresome march of twenty miles and more, and without having effected any results of consequence, the Westmorelanders returned to Forty Fort in the early evening of July 1st. Almost immediately thereafter those inen of the expedition whose families were neither in Forty Fort, nor in any one of the other forts or stockades in the Valley, hastened to their respective homes to look after the welfare of their families, and, if thought necessary, to remove them to one of the several places of refuge and security. At this time Wintermute's Fort was occu- pied by the following-named persons and their families : Philip Win- termute, Christopher Wintermute, John Wintermute, Daniel Ingersoll, David Smith, James Gorduce, Stephen Gardner, Joseph Baker, Jesse Lee, Peter Harris, Michael Showers, Frederick Anker and Elisha Sco- vell. Several of these men were believed to be Tories by the authori- ties of Westmoreland, but as yet the latter had not secured any positive evidence in support of their belief. Elisha Scovell, as Lieutenant of the 7th (Exeter) Company of the 24th Regiment, was, by the choice of the people occupying Wintermute's Fort, in command of the same.
At that period a inarsh, or morass, thick with timber and brush- wood, extended for some distance in the Valley near the base of Mount Lookout, beyond which Abraham's Plains stretched to the river, as described on page 50, Vol. I. A large portion of the surface of these plains-particularly in the upper part of Kingston Township and in the lower part of Exeter Township-was then, and is now, elevated about ten or twelve feet above the remaining portion, being divided from it by a sharp offset, or declivity. The depressed portion of the plains-lying between the abovementioned declivity and the margin of the river- comprises the rich alluvial bottom-lands, or " flats," which were culti- vated in a small way by the Indians, and have been extensively culti- vated by the whites ever since the Valley first came into their posses- sion. Wintermute's Fort stood on the edge of the declivity described above, and between it and the morass previously mentioned the gravelly plain was sparsely covered with a growth of yellow- and pitch-pine trees and oak shrubs, forming what Major Butler described as "a fine, open wood."
About the time that the expedition to upper Exeter had set forth from Forty Fort, two of the Wintermutes had left their fort and gone
* It has been stated, by more than one writer, that one of these two Indians was a son of Queen Esther, previously mentioned.
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over to Mount Lookout (which was directly north-west, a inile and a-half distant), ostensibly to scout, but actually-as the people learned later- to communicate with Major Butler, and to conduct liim and liis forces down into the Valley by way of the gap lying nortli-east of Mount Look- out (as seen in the illustration facing this page). This treacherous busi- ness was completed early in the evening of July 1st, shortly after Col- onels Butler and Denison and their men had returned to Forty Fort. With quietness the enemy bivouacked in the woods about three-quarters of a mile distant from Wintermute's Fort, to which place the two Win- termutes then repaired, accompanied by Lieut. John Turney, Sr. (see page 965), of the "Rangers." Calling for admission, the gate of the fort was opened to them, and immediately upon their entrance Lieuten- ant Turney demanded, in behalf of Major Butler, and in the name of King George, the surrender of the fort. Daniel Ingersoll, who was present, on learning of the perfidy that had been practised, began to prepare for resistance, and his wife seized a pitchfork to aid him ; but the Winterinutes soon gave them and the other occupants of the fort to understand that Major Butler would be welcomed there. In the circum- stances there was nothing to do but to surrender, and so Lieutenant Scovell executed with Lieutenant Turney "Articles of Capitulation for Wintermoot's Fort," dated July 1, 1778, and reading as follows *:
"Article 1st. That Lieut. Elisha Scovell surrender the Fort, with all the stores, arms and ammunition, that are in said fort, as well public as private, to Major John Butler. "2d. That the garrison shall not bear arms during the present contest; and Major Butler promises that the men, women and children shall not be hurt, either by Indians or Rangers."
Later in the evening, accompanied by a detachment of " Rangers," Major Butler entered the fort and took up his quarters there-all the prior occupants (except the Tories) being detained there under guard. The next morning (July 2d), toward noon, Major Butler despatched Capt. William Caldwell (see pages 940 and 944) of the "Rangers," with a white flag, to Jenkins' Fort, to demand its surrender. Caldwell was ac- companied by a squad of his men, among whom were Parshall Terry, Jr., Elijah Phelpst and Thomas Hill, formerly of Westmoreland. (See pages 902 and 903.) The occupants of this fort were, at that time, few in number, consisting mostly of women and children, while several of the men were wounded and sick (as for instance, Joel Phelps and Eben- ezer Reynolds), and others were incapacitated for fighting by either age or physical disability. Miner Robbins, James Hadsall, Jr., Benjamin and Stukely Harding, John Gardner and Daniel Carr had been inmates of the fort, but they had been either killed or captured by the enemy, as previously related. Stephen Harding,# Sr., Captain of the 7th (Exeter)
* See Miner's "History of Wyoming", page 254.
" According to Cruikshank's "The Story of Butler's Rangers", page 111, Elijah Phelps was settled in 1783 as a farmer on the Crown lands at Niagara-on-the-Lake. (See page 945.) His home in West- moreland had been where the village of Mehoopany, Wyoming County, now stands.
$ STEPHEN HARDING, abovementioned, was born in 1723 in Rhode Island, being one of the five sons of Capt. Stephen Harding, who was at one time of Warwick, Rhode Island, and later became a resident of that part of the town of New London, Connecticut, which is now Waterford. Stephen Harding first abovementioned was married about 1747 to Amy Gardner (mentioned on page 254, Vol. I), and they settled in Colchester, New London County, Connecticut. This Stephen Harding early became a mem- ber of The Susquehanna Company, and his name (written "Harden") appears among the names of the grantees in the Indian deed of 1754 (see page 272, Vol. I), he being the owner of one "right" in the Susquehanna Purchase. Inasmuch as his father-in-law, Stephen Gardner, and his brother-in-law, John Jenkins, came with the original settlers from Connecticut to Wyoming in 1762 (see page 403, Vol. I), it is fair to presume that Stephen Harding also was here, either in the year mentioned or in the ensu- ing year-although his name is not to be found in the meager list of those settlers which has been pre- served. He was, however, undoubtedly one of the "First Forty" settlers of 1769, as noted on page 473, Vol. I, and was one of those who were taken into custody by the Pennsylvania authorities, con- veyed to Easton, and committed to jail. Upon his relcase therefrom under bail, he set out for his hoinc in Connecticut.
VIEW OF A PART OF THE BATTLEFIELD OF WYOMING. Mount Lookout Colliery is seen at the left, while in the middle background lies Mount Lookout. From a photograph taken in May, 1902.
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Company, 24th Regiment, was in command of the garrison, and as 110 adequate means of resistance existed, the fort was surrendered to Captain Caldwell, who drew up and signed with Judge John Jenkins the follow- ing articles of capitulation :
"Between Major JOHN BUTLER, on behalf of His Majesty King George the Third, and JOHN JENKINS.
"Art. 1st. That the Fort, with all the stores, arms and ammunition, be delivered up immediately.
"2d. That Major John Butler shall preserve to them, intire, the lives of the men, women and children."
During the whole of July 2d Major Butler remained at Winter- inute's Fort directing the sending out of scouts, as well as parties to
So far as we can learn from the records of The Susquehanna Company Stephen Harding did not return to Wyoming again until November or December, 1771. (See list of settlers, page 715.) As noted on page 717, he was voted a settling right in the new township of Lackawanna in December, 1771, and by the Spring of 1772 he was joined by his son Stephen, Jr. (See page 732.) When, in November, 1772, the township of Exeter was erected, as related on page 467, Vol. I, Stephen Harding and Stephen Harding, Jr., became proprietors in the same, and a year or two later removed thither. When the 24th Regiment, Connecticut Militia, was organized, Stephen Harding, Sr., was established and commissioned Captain of the 7th Company. (See page 857.) In May, 1778, Captain Harding was appointed and com- missioned one of the Justices of the Peace in and for the county of Westmoreland for the ensuing year; and in May, 1779, he was reappointed to the same office.
Shortly after the battle of Wyoming Captain Harding and his family repaired to Colchester, Con- necticut. They were still there in the Spring of 1781, when, under the date of May 5th, STEPHEN HARDING, STEPHEN HARDING, JR., ELISHA SCOVELL, JONATHAN SCOVELL and WILLIAM MARTIN (all pre- viously residents of Exeter in Westmoreland) addressed to the General Assembly of Connecticut a memorial, in which they set forth: That they belonged to Westmoreland, and were inhabitants of the town in July, 1778, when, with others, they were driven away from their possessions, and with great difficulty escaped with their lives, "whilst many of our [their] families were killed by the enemy"; that they had come to the town of Colchester for a place of residence until they could return to their lands in Westmoreland; that the civil authority in Colchester had caused them to be taxed as inhabitants of Colchester, and "refused to admit of the exemption granted by the Assembly to Westmoreland", etc. This memorial having been presented to and considered by the Assembly at its session in May, 1781, the prayer of the memorialists was "negatived". (The original memorial is document "No. 142" in the collection of MSS. entitled "Susquehannah Settlers", mentioned on page 29, Vol. I.)
With his family, Captain Harding returned from Connecticut to Exeter in 1784, and there he con- tinued to reside until his death, October 11, 1789.
Capt. Stephen and Amy (Gardner) Harding were the parents of ninc sons and three daughters, all born at Colchester, Connecticut. The sons were as follows:
(i) Stephen, born about 1749; served for a time in Capt. Robert Durkee's Westmoreland Inde- pendent Company (see page 894), but was discharged for disability; his home, prior to the Spring of 1778, was in Exeter, near Sutton's Creek, and upon his return from Connecticut in 1784 he again took up his residence there; about 1798 he was a Captain in the Pennsylvania militia; he died in Exeter August 4, 1816.
(ii) Thomas, born about 1751; died in 1813.
(iii) Benjamin, born in 1753; killed by Indians June 30, 1778.
(iv) Stukely, born in 1755; killed by Indians June 30, 1778.
(v) Israel, born in 1756; served throughout the Revolutionary War as a private, first in Captain Durkee's company, and later in Captain Spalding's company; after the war was married to Lydia Reed, and later they settled in what is now Eaton Township, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, where he died May 7, 1835.
(vi) Micajah, born in 1761; in 1796 he was a taxpayer in Exeter Township; subsequently to 1800 he was a Captain in the State militia; he died in 1845.
(vii) Elisha, born August 8, 1763; at the time of the incursion of the Tories and Indians in 1778 he was with the other members of his father's family in Jenkins' Fort, which he had helped to build in 1777; after the battle and massacre of July 3d he fled to Connecticut; returned to Wyoming Valley in the Spring of 1784; in the following Autumn was married to Martha Rider of Pittston, and settled in that township; in 1789 removed to what is now Eaton Township, Wyoming County; from 1799 till 1812 was a Justice of the Peace; in 1804 was elected one of the County Commissioners of Luzerne County; died August 1, 1839. He was the father of seven children, some of whom were: Mary (born about 1787; married to Thomas Mitchell), Elisha (born in 1790; married, 1st, Amy Jenkins, and 2d, Nancy Jackson; was a Justice of the Peace thirty years; Benjamin F., one of his sons, was a Senator from Oregon in the XXXVIIth Congress), Jesse (born in 1802; married in 1826 to Nancy Miller), John (who settled near Bowman's Creek).
(viii) John, born about 1765; married about 1789 to Mrs. Affa (Baldwin) Jenkins, widow of his cousin Benjamin Jenkins (see page 805) ; settled in Exeter, and, at a later period, kept for some years the "Red Tavern", a well-known stage-coach stand on the turnpike about a mile north of Sutton's Creek; dicd in Exeter in 1826. Mrs. Affa (Baldwin) Harding (born in Connecticut December 4, 1760; died in Exeter March 15, 1832) was married (1st) in 1777 to Benjamin Jenkins, as previously men- tioned, and they became the parents of one son and two daughters. Elizabeth, the elder daughter, mar- ried Elder Davis Dimock, and Mary, the younger, married John, son of Waterman Baldwin. John and Affa (Baldwin) Harding were the parents of seven children-(1) John, (2) Isaac, (3) George, (4) Hiram, (5) Henry, (6) Affa and (7) Celinda. (2) Isaac Harding (born in Exeter in 1797) was mar- ried about 1818 to his second cousin, Nancy Harding, of Exeter. December 15, 1818, he was appointed and commissioned a Justice of the Pcace; from 1825 to 1828 he was one of the Commissioners of Luzerne County; in 1846 he removed to Pawpaw Grove, Lee County, Illinois, where, later, he was elected one of the Judges of the County Court; died in 1854. Isaac and Nancy (Harding) Harding were the parents of four children-Lester, Nancy, Garrick Mallcry and Isaac-all of whom, with the exception of Gar- rick Mallery, removed to Illinois. For a sketch of the life, and a portrait, of Garrick Mallery Harding, see a subsequent chapter.
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